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People of Guam}{\fs20\insrsid12791864 , Opinion\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Page } {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs21\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid6242996 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16459703 10}}}{\cs21\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid6242996 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs21\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid6242996 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7816554 15}}}{\cs21\fs20\insrsid12791864 \par _____________________________________________________________________________________________ \par \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 FRANK MAY,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par P}{\insrsid8610346\charrsid16459703 etitioner}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 - Appellant, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v.}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par Respondent-Appellee.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 OPINION}{\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid12733168\charrsid16459703 Filed:}{\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\b\insrsid12733168\charrsid16459703 October 18, 2005}{ \b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cite as: 2005 Guam }{\b\insrsid12733168\charrsid16459703 17}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA03-027 \par Superior Court Case No.: SP0344-00}{\ul\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\ul\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on February 17, 2005 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16459703 { \ul\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Appearing for Petitioner-Appellant:}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par Terrance A. Long \par }{\insrsid8610346\charrsid16459703 Assistant Public Defender \par }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Public Defender Service Corp}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par 110 W O\rquote Brien D}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 r}{\insrsid8610346\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \cell }{\ul\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Appearing for Respondent-Appellee: \par }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Monty May \par Assistant Attorney General of Guam \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Office of the Attorney General \par General Crimes Division \par }{\insrsid8610346\charrsid16459703 287 W O'Brien Dr.}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid6242996\charrsid16459703 \par }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 BEFORE: FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Presiding Justice}{\cs18\super\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1837152 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12791864 \chftn }{\insrsid12791864 Chief Justice F. Philip Carbullido was not available to participate in this matter. Associate Justice Tydingco-Gatewood, as the senior member of the panel, was designated as the Presiding Justice.}}}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ; ROBERT J. TORRES JR., Associate Justice; ALEXANDRO C. CASTRO, Justice }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Pro Tempore}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 . \par }{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Presiding Justice: \par }{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [1]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The Plaintiff-Appellant Frank May appeals from a denial of a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He argues that the trial court erred in determining that he was not \'93in custody}{\insrsid11939234\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He also argues that the trial court erred in failing to recharacterize his Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus as a Petition for Writ of Error in Coram Nobis.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In response, Respondent-Appellee}{\insrsid204453\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The People}{\insrsid11939234\charrsid16459703 of Guam}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 contend that the trial court\rquote s holding was proper regarding the denial of the habeas petition.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 However, the People fail to address the issue dealing with the error coram nobis petition.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [2]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We elect to treat May\rquote s appeal of the denial of the petition for writ of habeas corpus as an original petition for the same relief and hold that May does not }{ \insrsid11939234\charrsid16459703 satisfy}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 the \'93in custody\'94 requirement.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Therefore we do not have jurisdiction to hear his petition and thus deny it.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We further }{\insrsid4413596\charrsid16459703 hold}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 that although the trial court erred in failing to recharacterize the Petition for Writ of Habeas corpus as a Petition for Writ of Error in Coram Nobis, the writ of error should nonetheless be denied.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard \s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 I.}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [3]\tab }{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 Frank May is currently serving a sentence in federal prison due to a 1993 conviction in the United States Federal District Court of Guam for Importation of Cocaine, Use of a Communication Facility to Import Cocaine, and Use of Firearm During Drug Trafficking.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 He was also charged with being an Armed Career Offender under section 924(3)(1) of Title 18 of the United States Code.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 May had been convicted in the Superior Court of three violent }{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 felony}{ \insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 offenses prior to 1993: burglary in 1981, Aggravated Assault and Burglary in 1984 and Burglary in 1989.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [4]\tab }{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 For his 1993 conviction, May was sentenced by the }{\insrsid12714994\charrsid16459703 federal}{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 district court to 327 months imprisonment, part of which he contends was enhancement pursuant to the Armed Career Offender statute.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid4921558\charrsid16459703 He specifically alleges that his 1981 Superior Court conviction , for which he already served his sentence, caused his federal sentence to be enhanced by fifteen years in accordance with the Armed Career Offender statute.}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [5]\tab }{\insrsid15535816\charrsid16459703 On December of 2000, }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May submitted a }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 pro se}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus to }{\insrsid15535816\charrsid16459703 the trial court}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 requesting habeas relief because his current federal sentence was enhanced by the 1981 Superior Court conviction which was unconstitutionally invalid.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The lower court denied his request, finding that May was not \'93in custody\'94 of the Government of Guam but rather, was in custody of the federal government and therefore the Superior Court had no jurisdiction to consider the merits of May\rquote s Petition.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [6]}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 \tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May filed his timely appeal to this court on November 12, 2003.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 II.}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid15535816\charrsid16459703 A.}{\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\b\insrsid15535816\charrsid16459703 Jurisdiction}{ \b\insrsid12877097\charrsid16459703 .}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [7]}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 \tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We must first decide whether we have jurisdiction to hear an appeal denying writ relief in a habeas matter.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Title 8 GCA \'a7 135.10 provides that \'93[e]very person unlawfully imprisoned or restrained of his liberty, }{\insrsid2061134\charrsid16459703 under}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 any pretense whatever, may prosecute a writ of habeas corpus, to inquire into the cause of such imprisonment or restraint.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2061134\charrsid16459703 Title 8 GCA \'a7 135.10 (West, }{ \scaps\insrsid2061134\charrsid16459703 Westlaw}{\insrsid2061134\charrsid16459703 through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (Apr. 22, 2005)).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We ruled previously that a defendant has no right to appeal the denial of his petition for habeas corpus. }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Borja v. Bitanga}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 1998 Guam 29, \'b6 12.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Because a defendant has no right to appeal }{\insrsid2061134\charrsid16459703 such}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 denial, he must file a new petition with this court after he has exhausted his remedies at the trial court.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at \'b6 13.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\b\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [8]}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 \tab }{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 In the instant case,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May }{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 appeals f rom the trial court's denial of his Petition for}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 Writ of Habeas Corpus}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He did not file a new petition for a writ of habeas corpus}{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 pursuant to this court's original jurisdiction}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We can, however, exercise our discretion to treat his appeal as an original petition for a writ of habeas corpus.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See }{\i\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 id.}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at \'b6 14.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This court has the authority to hear habeas corpus proceedings }{\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 pursuant to}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 its original jurisdiction under the \'93similar remedies\'94 language of Title 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Id}{\i\insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 . at }{ \insrsid4291967\charrsid16459703 \'b6 11}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This section delineates the jurisdictional boundaries of our court.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 It provides, in part, that \'93[i]ts authority also includes jurisdiction of original proceedings for mandamus, prohibition, injunction, and similar remedies to protect its appellate jurisdiction.\'94}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Title 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b) (West, }{\scaps\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Westlaw}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (Apr. 22, 2005)).}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We elect to treat May\rquote s appeal of the denial of the petition for writ of habeas corpus as an original petition for the same relief.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Just as }{\insrsid13577396\charrsid16459703 we did }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 in }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Borja}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , we will also treat the People\rquote s brief as the appropriate response to the petition.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Borja}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 1998 Guam 29 at \'b6 15.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 III}{\b\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 .}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\insrsid13577396\charrsid16459703 B.}{\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May\rquote s Request for Habeas Corpus Relief}{\b\insrsid12877097\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [9]\tab }{\insrsid13577396\charrsid16459703 We next}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 address whether we should grant May\rquote s request for habeas corpus relief.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Pursuant to Title 8 GCA \'a7 135.10, May is entitled to }{ \insrsid13577396\charrsid16459703 such}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 relief if he has been unlawfully imprisoned or restrained of his liberty.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 8 GCA \'a7 135.10}{ \insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 (West, }{\scaps\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 Westlaw}{\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 through}{\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (Apr. 22, 2005))}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2178075\charrsid16459703 Section 1473 of the }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 California Penal Code is identical to }{\insrsid13577396\charrsid16459703 Title }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 8 GCA \'a7 135.10, and thus California cases interpreting section 1473 are persuasive.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See People v. Hall}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 2004 Guam 12, \'b6 18 (finding that California case law interpreting a California statute from which a Guam statute was derived is persuasive authority, and adopting such case law \'93absent a compelling reason to deviate.\'94); }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Fajardo v. Liberty House Guam}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 2000 Guam 4, \'b6 17 (adopting California case law construing a similar Guam statute where \'93there [wa]s no compelling reason to deviate from that jur isdiction's interpretation of these statutes\'94).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [10]\tab }{\insrsid14502795\charrsid16459703 In its determination of whether May met the requirements for a successful Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, t}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 he trial court concluded that the phrase \'93unlawfully imprisoned or restrained of his liberty\'94 found in the Guam and California writ statutes has the same meaning as the phrase \'93in custody\'94 found in federal law, specifically, }{ \insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 section 2254(a) of Title }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 28}{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 of the United States Code}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 . Section 2254(a) states }{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 in part }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 that federal courts have jurisdiction to hear a petition for habeas corpus \'93only on the ground that he is }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 in custody}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 in violation of the . . . laws\'94 }{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 28 U}{\insrsid1652828\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 S}{\insrsid1652828\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 C}{ \insrsid1652828\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 \'a7 2254(a) (1996) }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The trial court based its conclusion on its reading of the California case,}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In re Azurin}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 87 Cal. App. 4}{\insrsid14229830\charrsid16459703 th}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 20 (Cal. Ct. App. 2001).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In the }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Azurin}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 case, the California Court of Appeals made no distinction between the California phrase, \'93unlawfully imprisoned or restrained of his liberty\'94 and the federal phrase \'93in custody.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The trial court therefore surmised that the meanings were identical and it would take guidance from California state and federal cases.}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [11]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \tab In its reliance on }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Azurin}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , the lower court found that May did not satisfy the \'93in custody\'94 requirement.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In that case, Azurin}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 petitioned the Superior Court of California for habeas corpus relief while he was in federal custody pursuant to an INS deportation proceeding which was based solely upon an already expired 1990 California state conviction.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 . at 26.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The California Court of Appeals found that petitioner was not in custody of California, but was \'93in custody of the INS, an agency of a different sovereign\'94 and further highlighted that \'93once the sentence imposed for a conviction has comp letely expired, the collateral consequences of that conviction are not themselves sufficient to render an individual \lquote in custody\rquote for the purposes of a habeas attack upon it.\'94 }{\i\insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 Id}{ \insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 . }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 26 (quoting }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Maleng v. Cook}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 490 U.S. 488, 492, 109 S.}{\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Ct. 1923, 1926 (1989)).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Thus, the California Court held }{\insrsid2167673\charrsid16459703 that }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 it had no jurisdiction to hear the petition for writ of habeas corpus and dismissed the case.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Azurin}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 87 Cal. App. 4}{ \insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 th}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at }{\insrsid11228438\charrsid16459703 26}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [12]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Similarly, May filed his petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the Superior Court of Guam while in federal custody serving a 1993 federal sentence.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May alleges that the already expired 1981 Guam Superior Court conviction was used to enhance the 1993 federal conviction whose sentence is currently being served.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 There is no dispute that May\rquote s 1981 Guam Superior Court conviction had fully expired.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid415563\charrsid16459703 L}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ike Azurin, May is not in custody of the Guam prison system, but is in custody of the federal prison system, a system of a \'93different sovereign.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 As the }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Maleng}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 court held, we also hold, that once the sentence imposed for the 1981 conviction completely expired, the collateral consequence is not itself sufficient to render an individual \'93in custody\'94 for the purposes of a habeas attack upon it.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Maleng}{\insrsid415563\charrsid16459703 , 490 U.S. 488 at 492, 109 S.}{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid415563\charrsid16459703 Ct. at 1926}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Thus, we have no jurisdiction to hear the petition for writ of habeas corpus and should dismiss the appeal.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [13]\tab }{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 H}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 owever, }{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 this court could construe the attack on May's 1981 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 conviction}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 as an attack on his current federal sentence}{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 , a possibility left open by the Supreme}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 Court in }{\i\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 Maleng}{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 T}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 herefore}{ \insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 ,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 this court }{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 could}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 find that May falls under the definition of being \'93in custody.\'94}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The Ninth Circuit ruled on this very issue in }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Feldman v. Perril}{\i\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 l}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 902 F.2d 1445 (9}{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 th}{\super\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cir. 1990)}{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 ,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 where the court held}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 that an attack on an expired conviction could be construed as an attack on the current sentence, thus considering the petitioner to be \'93in custody.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The petitioner in }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Feldman}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 had a 1976 state conviction and was serving a 1984 federal convic tion when he filed a petition for habeas corpus in federal court.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid15031096\charrsid16459703 . at 1446-7.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The Ninth Circuit followed }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Maleng }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 in holding that an expired conviction cannot satisfy the \'93in custody\'94 requirement even though it may have had the collateral consequence of enhancing a subsequent federal sentence.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 . at 1449.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 But the Ninth Circuit went further and held that where an expired conviction is relied upon to enhance a pending sentence, a court is obliged to \'93 construe this . . . petition as an attack on petitioner\rquote s current federal sentence as enhanced.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 As }{\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 [the defendant]}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 is still serving his parole term, he is \lquote in custody\rquote under this sentence.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We therefore have jurisdiction to entertain this petition . . .\'94 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Feldman}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 902 F.2d at 1449.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [14]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Although the court found }{\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 the defendant}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 to be \'93in custody,\'94 the Ninth Circuit further held that \'93[t]he writ of habeas corpus does not act upon the prisoner who seeks relief, but upon the person who holds him in what is alleged to be unlawful custody.\'94 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Id.}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 1450}{ \insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 (quoting }{\i\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court}{\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 , 410 U.S. 484, 494-95, 93 S.}{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid5597118\charrsid16459703 Ct. 1123, 1129-30 (1973))}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 It ruled in the }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Feldman}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 case that the petitioner was no longer in custody in California; \'93that state has extracted its punishment and has no further interest in petitioner . . . }{\insrsid1000234\charrsid16459703 [}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 t}{ \insrsid1000234\charrsid16459703 ]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 he District of Arizona administers his current parole, therefore . . . }{\insrsid1000234\charrsid16459703 [}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 that is where the}{ \insrsid1000234\charrsid16459703 ]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 petitioner must proceed.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Feldman}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 902 F.2d at 1450}{ \insrsid1000234\charrsid16459703 (citations omitted)}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [15]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In the instant case, May is no longer in custody of the Guam prison system.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The local Guam court has extracted its punishment and has no further interest in May.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The }{\insrsid3283723\charrsid16459703 f}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ederal prison system administers his current federal enhanced sentence, therefore that is where he must proceed. }{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [16]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In light of the above, we find that the May is \'93not in custody\'94 of the Government of Guam and therefore we have no jurisdiction to hear the merits of the habeas corpus petition.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid9841698\charrsid16459703 C}{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\b\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May\rquote s Argument for Petition for Writ of Error in Coram Nobis}{ \b\insrsid9841698\charrsid16459703 relief}{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [17]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \tab Alternatively, May argues that when a petitioner is found to be no longer \'93in custody\'94 and is precluded from bringing a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, he should be allowed to seek coram nobis relief.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The writ of err or coram nobis is an extraordinary writ which is limited to situations where statutory remedies are unavailable or inadequate.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See U}{\i\insrsid11755826\charrsid16459703 nited }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 S}{\i\insrsid11755826\charrsid16459703 tates}{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Brown}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 117 F.3d 471, 474-5 (llth Cir. 1997).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In those instances, federal courts have liberally recharacterized the petition for writ of habeas corpus as a petition for writ of error in coram nobis.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See Azzone v. United States}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 341 F.2d 417, 419 (8}{\insrsid11755826\charrsid16459703 th}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cir. 1965) (\'93}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Inasmuch as any relief to which appellant may be entitled is not available through \'a7 2255 or habeas corpus proceedings, we believe that appellant's motion is entitled to be treated as an application for a writ of error coram nobis\'94)}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ; }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 United States v. Reg}{\i\insrsid11755826\charrsid16459703 u}{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 er}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 901 F.}{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Supp. 515, 517}{\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 -18}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (E.D.N.Y. 1995) (petitioner\rquote s letter to the court \'93}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 cannot be construed as a petition for habeas corpus.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He still may seek relief, however, if, following the generous pleading standards to be afforded to pro se litigants . . . the letter is considered as a petition for a writ of error coram nobis . . . }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 [}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 t}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 ]}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 he writ is used to attack allegedly invalid convictions which have continuing consequences.")}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 (citations omitted)}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 . }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\cs20\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [18]\tab }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 May argues that }{\insrsid14161443\charrsid16459703 b}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ecause }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 pro se}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 pleadings are held to less stringent standards, and because petitioners should be afforded consideration of the merits when no other remedy is available in this court, the trial court should have recharacterized his petition for writ of habeas corpus as a petition for writ of error in coram nobis.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May cites only to federal criminal cases for this argument and fails to cite to }{\insrsid8742148\charrsid16459703 any }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Guam civil statutory law on error coram nobis.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The People completely fail to address the error coram nobis issue}{\insrsid8742148\charrsid16459703 ,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 and clearly they should have done so.}{ \cs18\super\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356390 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs18\super\insrsid12791864 \chftn }{\insrsid12791864 According to Rule 13(b)(5) of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Appellee\rquote s Brief should include \'93 the contentions . . . with respect to the issues presented, and the reasons therefor, with citations to the authorities, statutes and parts of the record relied on . . . . shall include analysis and explanation of the . . . contentions.\'94 Guam R. App. P. 13(b)(5). The People failed to respond to May\rquote s coram nobis argument, which May presented in his opening brief. The People are hereby warned that they must comply with the Rules of Appellate Procedure and future noncompliance will not be tolerated by this court. \par }}}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [19]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 As a starting point}{\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 in determining whether the coram nobis remedy is available to May}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , this court must first look to Guam law.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Rule 60}{\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 (b)}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure states, in pertinent part, that \'93writs of coram nobis . . . are abolished.\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid12132043\charrsid16459703 Guam R. Civ. P. 60(b).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This rule is modeled after Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 U}{ \i\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 nited }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 S}{\i\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 tates}{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Morgan}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 346 U.S. 502, 74 S.}{ \insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Ct. 247 (1954), the United States Supreme Court held that although Federal Rule 60(b) abolishe}{\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 d}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 the writ of coram nobis in civil cases, it is not precluded as a remedy in criminal cases in federal court pursuant to the general \'93}{\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 A}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ll }{\insrsid4346604\charrsid16459703 W}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 rits\'94 statute, }{\insrsid15799738\charrsid16459703 section 1651 of Title }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 28 }{\insrsid15799738\charrsid16459703 of the United States Code.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 U}{\i\insrsid13833213\charrsid16459703 nited }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 S}{\i\insrsid13833213\charrsid16459703 tates}{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Morgan}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 346 U.S. 502, 506}{\insrsid13833213\charrsid16459703 n.4}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 74 S.}{\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Ct. 247, 250 }{\insrsid13833213\charrsid16459703 n. 4 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (1954).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The United States Supreme Court ruled earlier in }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Mooney v. Holohan}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 294 U.S. 103, 55 S.}{\insrsid1837152\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Ct. 340 (1935), that post conviction remedies for defendants who were convicted without due process of law must be furnished by the states.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Based on this decision, coram nobis relief was revived by a majority of the states.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 However, coram nobis as a post conviction remedy has been disregarded by a number of states.}{\cs18\super\insrsid2576660\charrsid16459703 3}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\cf1\insrsid16459703 {\*\bkmkstart Iccf2fbf8e80f11d9b44d910a19ca6e68} {\*\bkmkend Iccf2fbf8e80f11d9b44d910a19ca6e68} \par \par }{\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [20]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This is an issue of first impression in our jurisdiction}{\insrsid13833213\charrsid16459703 ,}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 and we must decide whether this court wishes to follow a majority of states and consider error coram nobis as a post conviction remedy in criminal cases.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The majority of state courts allow error coram nobis as a post conviction remedy in order to provide petitioners with a way to challenge the conviction when habeas corpus and other means are not available.}{\cs18\super\insrsid2576660\charrsid16459703 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1735690 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\fs20\super\insrsid12791864 3}{\fs20\insrsid12791864 }{ \fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 }{\i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Iverson}{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 310 P.2d 803 (Idaho 1957); }{\i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Boyd v. Smyth}{ \fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 205 N.W. 522 (Iowa 1925); }{\i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Commonwealth v. Sacco}{\fs20\insrsid12791864 ,}{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 158 N.E. 167 (Mass. 1927); }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Dewey v. Smith}{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 230 N.W. 180 (Mich. 1930); }{\i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Hayslip}{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 107 N.E. 335 (Ohio 1914); }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Ex Parte Huddleston}{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 194 S.W.2d 401 (Tex. }{\fs20\insrsid12791864 Crim. App. }{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 1946).}{\fs20\insrsid12791864 \par }{\fs20\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1735690 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12791864 4}{\insrsid12791864 }{ \i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 See Johnson v. Williams}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 13 So. 2d 683 (Ala. 1943); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Adler v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 35 Ark. 517 (1880); }{ \i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 People v. Tate}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 288 P.2d 149 (Cal. Dis. Ct. App. 1}{\insrsid12791864 9}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 55); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Medberry v. People}{ \insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 108 P.2d 243 (Colo. 1940); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Ex Parte Welles}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 53 So. 2d 708 (Fla. }{\insrsid12791864 1}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 951); }{ \i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Harris v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , }{\cs22\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 603 S.E.2d 490 (Ga. Ct. App. 2004); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 People v. Loftus}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 81 N.E. 2d 495 (Ill. 1948); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Sanders v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 85 Ind. 318 (1882); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Calhoun}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 32 P. 38 (Kan. 1893); }{ \i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Anderson v. Buchanan}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 168 S.W.2d 48 (Ky. Ct. App. 1943); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Pike v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 123 A.2d 774 (Me. 19}{\insrsid12791864 5} {\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 6); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Blythe v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 870 A.2d 1246 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2005); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Dolan v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 13 So. 2d 925 (Miss. 1943); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Stodulski}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 298 S.W.2d 420 (Mo. 1957); }{\i\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Golleh}{\i\cf1\insrsid12791864 o}{\i\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 n}{\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 906 P.2d 697 (Mont. 1995); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Hawk v. State}{ \insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 39 N.W.2d 561 (Neb. 1949); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Janiec v. McCorkle}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 144 A.2d 561 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1958); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Miller v. People} {\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 114 N.Y.S.2d 838 (1952); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 In re Taylor}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 53 S.E.2d 857 (N.C. 1949); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Magrum}{ \insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 38 N.W.2d 358 (N.D. 1949); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Petition of Blair}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 344 P.2d 282 (Okla. Crim. App. 1959); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Huffman}{ \insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 297 P.2d 831 (Or. 1956); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Neal v. Beckstead}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 285 P.2d 129 (Utah 1955); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 State v. Armstrong}{ \insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 84 P. 584 (Wash. 1906); }{\i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Ernst v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 193 N.W.}{\insrsid12791864 }{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 978 (Wis. 1923); }{ \i\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 Alexander v. State}{\insrsid12791864\charrsid8742148 , 123 P. 68 (Wyo. 1912).}}}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See Janiec v. McCorkle}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 144 A.2d 561, 568 (N.J. }{\insrsid1275213\charrsid16459703 Super. Ct. App. Div. }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 1958) (\'93 In recent years [coram nobis] has had a very considerable resurgence . . . as a procedural mechanism in criminal cases to raise and determine, in the trial court after conviction and sentence, alleged violations of constitutional rights of defendants and disregard of the elements of }{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 fundamental}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 fairness in criminal trials, which could not be raised by appeal, Habeas corpus or other means\'94)}{\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The rationale for permitting coram nobi s is perhaps best }{\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 explained}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 by the }{\insrsid16600676\charrsid16459703 Court of Appeals of }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Maryland in }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Skok v. State}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ,}{\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 wherein the court stated:}{\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard\plain \s5\qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Along with the vast majority of appellate courts which have considered the matter, we believe that the scope of coram nobis . . . is justified by co ntemporary conditions and public policy. Very often in a criminal case, because of a relatively light sanction imposed or for some other reason, a defendant is willing to forego an appeal even if errors of a constitutional or fundamental nature may have o c curred. Then, when the defendant later learns of a substantial collateral consequence of the conviction, it may be too late to appeal, and, if the defendant is not incarcerated or on parole or probation, he or she will not be able to challenge the convict ion by a petition for a writ of habeas corpus . . . .}{\fs24\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Moreover, serious collateral consequences of criminal convictions have become much more frequent in recent years. . . . In light of these serious collateral consequences, there should be a remedy for a convicted person who is not incarcerated and not on parole or probation, who is suddenly faced with a significant collateral consequence of his or her conviction, and who can legitimately challenge the conviction on constitutional or fundamental grounds. Such person should be able to file a motion for coram nobis relief . . .}{\fs24\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \s5\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 Skok v. State}{ \fs24\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 ,}{\fs24\insrsid8920404\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 760 A.2d 647, 66}{\fs24\insrsid16600676\charrsid16459703 0-6}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 1 }{ \fs24\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 (Md. 2000)}{\fs24\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid6231383\charrsid16459703 (}{\fs24\insrsid16600676\charrsid16459703 footnote omitted)}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 . }{\fs24\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [21]\tab }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We agree with the policy reasons followed by the majority of states and hereby adopt the majority view that error coram nobis should be considered as a post conviction remedy in criminal cases. We now must decide whether coram nobis is available to correc t only errors of fact or whether it is also available to correct legal errors.}{\fs24\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard \s5\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\b\fs24\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [22]\tab }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In general, coram nobis is used to address errors of fact, as opposed to errors of law.}{\fs24\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See Morgan}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 346 U.S. }{ \fs24\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 at}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 507}{\fs24\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 , 74 S.}{\fs24\insrsid11752491\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 Ct. at 250}{ \fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (1984) (describing the writ as an infrequently used remedy available to correct errors of fact); }{\i\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi v. United States}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 828 F.2d 591, 604 (9}{\fs24\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 th}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cir. 1987) (\'93}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Thus, the }{\cs20\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 coram nobis}{ \cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 writ allows a court to vacate its judgments }{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 '}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 for errors of fact . . . in those cases where the errors [are] of the most fundamental character, that is, such as rendered the proceeding itself invalid.}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 '}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ") }{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 (citation omitted)}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ; }{\cs20\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Gregersen v. }{\cs20\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 State}{ \cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 714 So.2d 1195, 1196 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998) (pointing out that coram nobis is available to correct errors of fact as opposed to errors of law); }{\i\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 People v. Ibanez }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 76 Cal.}{\fs24\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 App.}{\fs24\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 }{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 4}{ \fs24\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 th}{\fs24\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 537 (Cal. Ct. App. 1999) (denying petitioner\rquote s writ of error in coram nobis when there was}{\cs20\fs24\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 no new evidence and the facts were not in dispute).}{\cs20\fs24\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [23]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \tab Some courts, however, are more liberal and state that the writ of error in coram nobis could also be available to correct \'93egregious legal errors\'94 in prior convictions.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 U}{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 nited }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 S}{ \cs20\i\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 tates}{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Walgren}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 885 F.2d 1417, 1420 (9}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid1774451\charrsid16459703 th}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cir. 1989) (\'93}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The writ provides a remedy for those suffering from the }{\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 '}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 lingering collateral consequences of an unconstitutional or unlawful conviction based on errors of fact}{\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 '}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 and }{\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 '}{ \cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 egregious legal errors.}{\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 '}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \'94)}{\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 (citation omitted)}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ; }{ \cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Yasui v. United States}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 772 F.2d 1496, 1499 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid8927423\charrsid16459703 n.2 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (9}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid9786415\charrsid16459703 th}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cir. 1985) (\'93}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 A writ of error }{\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 coram nobis}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 is also available to correct egregious legal errors in prior convictions}{\cf1\insrsid7102678\charrsid16459703 )}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See, e.g., }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Navarro v. United States}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ,}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=350&FindType=Y&SerialN um=1971112601" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bbe00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003300350030002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d0059002600530065007200690061006c004e0075006d003d00310039003700310031003100320036003000310000000000e6}}}{\fldrslt { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 449 F.2d 113 (9th Cir.}{\insrsid10559213\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 1971)}}}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (allowing assertion of a self-incrimination defense}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ); }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=345&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1970114094" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bbe00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003300340035002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d0059002600530065007200690061006c004e0075006d003d0031003900370030003100310034003000390034000000000079}}}{\fldrslt { \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Lewis v. United States,}}}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=345&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1970114094" }{ \insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bbe00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003300340035002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d0059002600530065007200690061006c004e0075006d003d0031003900370030003100310034003000390034000000000074}}}{\fldrslt { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 314 F.}{\insrsid2839693\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Supp. 851 (D.}{\insrsid1735690\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Alaska 1970)}}}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (same); }{\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 see also }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=708&FindType=Y&Reference PositionType=S&SerialNum=1954120993&ReferencePosition=250" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1a01000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003700300038002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d00590026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e0054007900700065003d0053002600530065007200690061006c004e 0075006d003d00310039003500340031003200300039003900330026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e003d003200350030000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 United States v. Morgan,}}}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=708&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1954120993&ReferencePosition=250" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1a01000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003700300038002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d00590026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e0054007900700065003d0053002600530065007200690061006c004e 0075006d003d00310039003500340031003200300039003900330026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e003d003200350030000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 346 U.S. 502, 507-08, 74 S.}{ \insrsid1735690\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Ct. 247, 250-51, 98 L.Ed. 248 (1954)}}}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (noting that the writ has been commonly used in this fashion}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ); } {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=345&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1979116754&ReferencePosition=116" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1a01000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003300340035002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d00590026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e0054007900700065003d0053002600530065007200690061006c004e 0075006d003d00310039003700390031003100360037003500340026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e003d003100310036000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 United States v. Wickham,}}} {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=345&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1979116754&ReferencePosition=116" }{\insrsid874622\charrsid16459703 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b1a01000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300 3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003300340035002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d00590026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e0054007900700065003d0053002600530065007200690061006c004e 0075006d003d00310039003700390031003100360037003500340026005200650066006500720065006e006300650050006f0073006900740069006f006e003d003100310036000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 474 F.}{\insrsid2839693\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Supp. 113, 116 (C.D.}{\insrsid1735690\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Cal.1979)}}}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 (noting that only fundamental legal errors {\*\bkmkstart Document2zzSDUNumber9} {\*\bkmkend Document2zzSDUNumber9}can justify issuance of the writ; refusing to issue the writ); }{\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Skok}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{ \cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 760 A}{\cf1\insrsid2839693\charrsid16459703 .}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 2d }{\cf1\insrsid11873092\charrsid16459703 647 }{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 661 (}{\cf1\insrsid11873092\charrsid16459703 holding that a }{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 person should be able to file a motion for coram nobis relief regardless of whether the alleged infirmity in the conviction is considered an error of fact or an error of law).}{ \cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We hereby announce that the writ of error coram nobis is available to correct errors of fact and egregious legal errors.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\cs20\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [24]}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \tab In the instant case, May claims that the error in the 1981 Superior Court of Guam conviction was that his guilty plea was made involuntarily, unknowingly or unintelligently and thus is invalid.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 case sets forth the requirements for a successful petition for writ of error in coram nobis.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 According to the }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 court, a petitioner must show the following four requirements to qualify for coram nobis relief:}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16459703 { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 a more usual remedy is not available;}{\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16459703 { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 valid reasons exist for not attacking the conviction earlier;}{\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16459703 { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 adverse consequences exist from the conviction sufficient to satisfy the case or controversy requirement of Article III; and }{\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16459703 { \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 the error is of the most fundamental character.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\insrsid16459703 \par }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi}{\insrsid11873092\charrsid16459703 , 828 F.2d}{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 604}{\insrsid11873092\charrsid16459703 (footnote omitted)}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [25]}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \tab May must show all four requirements.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See U}{\i\insrsid2839693\charrsid16459703 nited States}{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Goldberg}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 776 F.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Supp}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 513}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 517 (C.D. Cal. 1991) (\'93[petitioner] }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 must demonstrate the . . . four elements to obtain }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Coram Nobis}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 relief\'94); }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 U}{ \cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2839693\charrsid16459703 nited States}{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 v. Walgren}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , 885 F.2d }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid8083564\charrsid16459703 at}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 1420 (\'93T}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 o qualify for coram nobis relief, the petitioner must demonstrate each of the . . . four factors\'94).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Failure to demonstrate even one factor will disqualify a petitioner from obtaining coram nobis relief.}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [26]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 case directly addresses the second factor and provides us with an example of a valid reason for not attacking the conviction earlier.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This second factor is the most relevant factor to our case and therefore we choose to analyze whether there were valid reasons for May not attacking the conviction earlier}{\insrsid1533905\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In }{\i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , petitioner sought coram nobis relief, by seeking to vacate his convictions during World War II.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 See Hirabayashi}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 , 828 F.2d at 604.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He argued that the laws he violated were unconstitutional, as they were based upon racial prejudice.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 . at}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 593.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He presented facts of proof in a suppressed report which was not known until recently.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 . at 593.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The government argued that he did not meet the second requirement, because his claims were barred by laches.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 . at 605.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The government stated that this proof had been part of a public record for quite some time, or that alternatively, the petitioner would have discovered the proof by due diligence.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 . at}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 605.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The Ninth Circuit rejected this argument, stating that the proof was based upon only recently discovered material and cited how difficult it was to retrieve the one suppressed report which had been hidden for years.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The court stated, \'93 petitioner cannot be faulted for not finding and relying upon [the only surviving copy of the initial version of the report] long before he brought this action . . . .\'94}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Id}{ \insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 (quoting }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 Hirabayashi v. United States}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 , 627 F. Supp. 1445, 1455 (W.D. Wash. 1986))}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Thus the court found that petitioner had a valid reason for not attacking the conviction earlier: the crucial facts were simply unavailable until years later.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 See id}{\insrsid2129102\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [27]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 A policy argument behind the second requirement is that }{\insrsid4260125\charrsid16459703 a}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 delay in attacking the conviction is likely to result in an incomplete record after so many years, making it difficult for the government to respond.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The petitioner in }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 United States v. Darnell}{\i\insrsid11752491\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 filed a petition for writ of coram nobis 20 years after his conviction, arguing that his plea was involuntary.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 United States v. Darnell}{\insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 , 716 F.2d 469, 481 (7th Cir. 1983).}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The }{ \i\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Darnell}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 court refused to entertain the petition, finding that the second requirement was not met.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\i\insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 Id}{ \insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 .}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 It stated that the doctrine of laches protects against inexcusable delay which prejudices the government\rquote s ability to respond.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The court stated:}{\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 \'93}{\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The doctrine of laches . . . ensures that coram nobis relief will not be granted where a petitioner's inexcusable delay in raising his claim has prejudiced the government. . . . .}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 this case is a textbook example of the problems arising from an inordinate delay in seeking relie f. The cognizable claims that Darnell raises--ineffective assistance of counsel and involuntary guilty plea--are troublesome even where a complete record of the proceedings exists. In this case, the court reporter's notes have been lost or destroyed, thus eliminating any exact record of what transpired. Clearly, Darnell's delay has prejudiced the government in its ability to establish the voluntariness of the 1961 plea of guilty . . . . a twenty-year delay is {\*\bkmkstart SDU_16}{\*\bkmkend SDU_16} strong evidence of a lack of reasonable diligence in ascertaining potential grounds for relief.\'94 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 Id.}{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 481}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid6752399\charrsid16459703 & n.5.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 .}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\cs20\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [28]\tab }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In the instant case, May presents his argument over twenty-four years after his 1981 conviction and does not provide a sound reason for not attacking the conviction earlier.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 He provides no facts which had not been previously known at the time of the conviction which could render the conviction invalid.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Instead, May argues that from 1981 to 1993 he had no incentive to consider }{\insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 a}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 challenge }{ \insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 to }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 his 1981 conviction until it was used to enhance his 1993 federal sentence.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May also argues that from 1993 until the present, he was ignorant of the law and had no }{\insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 knowledge of}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 the option of filing a petition }{\insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 for habeas corpus or coram nobis }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 until he was informed by another inmate.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 His failure to provide unknown facts, his lack of incentive and his ignorance of the law in no way justifies the tardiness of his petition to this court.}{\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [29]\tab }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In addition, May\rquote s delay results in discovery problems which hinders finding the exact record of what transpired in 1981.}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 The file cannot be found, no tape recording or transcript of the plea currently exists, and the only two pertinent documents left which include the minute entry of the plea proceeding and the Judgment of Conviction , do not offer any solid proof of a constitutional violation.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 May points to the Judgment of Conviction, arguing that it is a mere form judgment which does not conclusively prove that May knew his rights.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 But this argument cannot be substantiated, as the record is simply not complete enough to make an accurate judgment.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Just as in }{ \cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Darnell}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 , an exact record of what transpired twenty-four years ago has been eliminated.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 This twenty-four year delay has prejudiced the People in its ability to establish the voluntariness of the 1981 plea of guilty.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Like the }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Darnell }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 court, we find that a twenty-four year \'93 delay is strong evidence of a lack of reasonable diligence in ascertaining potential grounds for relief.\'94}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\i\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 See Darnell}{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 ,}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid10435149\charrsid16459703 716 F.2d }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 at 481.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }{\cs20\b\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [30]}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 \tab }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 For th e above reasons, we find that May fails to demonstrate the second requirement necessary for a successful coram nobis petition.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Simply put, May has failed to demonstrate errors of fact or }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 egregious}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 legal errors.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{ \cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Such failure constitutes ineligibility for coram nobis relief.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\cs20\cf1\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Analysis of the other three requirements is simply unnecessary.}{\cs20\cf1\insrsid16459703 \par \par }\pard \s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\cs16\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 IV.}{\cs16\b\insrsid16459703 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 {\cs16\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16459703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [31]}{\cs16\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 \tab }{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 In sum, we elect to treat May\rquote s appeal of the denial of the petition for writ of habeas corpus as an original petition for the same relief.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 We find that May does not fit the \'93in custody\'94 requirement and therefore we have no jurisdiction to hear the merits of his Writ of Habeas Corpus petition.}{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Thus, May\rquote s petition }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 for habeas corpus relief }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 is hereby }{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 DENIED}{\insrsid16459703 .}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }{\insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 \par }{\b\insrsid11098656\charrsid16459703 [32]\tab }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 While we deny the }{\insrsid11088220\charrsid16459703 Petition}{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 for Writ of Habeas Corpus, we nonetheless hold that the trial court erred in the first instance by}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 failing to recharacterize May\rquote s Petition for }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 W}{ \insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 rit of }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 H}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 abeas }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 C}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 orpus as a Petition for Writ of Error in Coram Nobis.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 I}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 n this case of first impression, }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 along with }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 the majority of the states}{ \insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 , we hereby adopt the relief of }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 error coram nobis as a post conviction remedy in criminal cases when \'93errors of fact\'94 or \'93egregious legal errors\'94 are demonstrated.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid14614675\charrsid16459703 Nonetheless, b}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 ased on our analysis set forth earlier, we find that May does not have a successful claim for error coram nobis relief.}{ \insrsid16459703\charrsid16459703 }{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 Accordingly, we also }{\b\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 DENY}{\insrsid2753303\charrsid16459703 his Petition for Writ of Error in Coram Nobis.}{\b\insrsid16459703 \par }}