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\f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Plaintiff-Appellant, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 v.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 JESSE PAMA ORALLO,}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par Defendant-Appellee.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Supreme Court Case No. CRA02-004 \par Superior Court Case No. CF0239-99}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Filed:}{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 May 7, 2004}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 2004 Guam 5}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on June 24, 2003 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9384674 { \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }{\f0\ul\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 : \par J. Basil O`Mallan, III \par Assistant Attorney General \par Office of the Attorney General\tab \par 2-200E Guam Judicial Ctr. \par 120 W. O}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brien Dr. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 96910\cell \par }{\f0\ul\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Appearing for Defendant-Appellee}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 : \par Howard Trapp, Esq. \par Howard Trapp Inc. \par 200 Saylor Bldg. \par 139 Chalan Santo Papa \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 96910 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Pro Tempore}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [1]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The People of Guam (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ) appeal from the trial court}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s decision to grant Defendant-Appellant Jesse Pama Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ) motion for a new trial.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The trial court held that the People were required by the discovery statutes to produce a written report prepared by its investigator in an entirely unrelated case, which was used to rebut the credibility of a witness for the defense.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 We disagree.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The report, which was prepared for an entirely different investigation not involving Orallo, is not relevant under the discovery statutes.}{ \f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The trial court}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s order granting a new trial is reversed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 I.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [2]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab On the night of February 7, 1999, Orallo allegedly went to the home of his sister, Remedios Orallo (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Remedios}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ), and woke a female minor to let him in.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The minor was the daughter of Remedios}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s boyfriend, Francis San Nicolas (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Orallo then allegedly sexually assaulted the minor.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 On April 4, 1999, the alleged victim}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s mother filed a complaint against Orallo with the Guam Police Department (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Orallo Complaint}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 On April 5, 1999, Orallo was indicted on: (1) three counts of first degree criminal sexual conduct; (2) three counts of second degree criminal sexual conduct; (3) one count of third degree sexual criminal conduct and; (4) one c ount of fourth degree sexual criminal conduct. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [3]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab On April 5, 1999, in an entirely separate matter, Remedios filed a child abuse complaint against San Nicolas, alleging that he assaulted her daughters and smoked ice in their presence (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 San Nicolas Complaint}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Attorney General Investigator Anthony W. Blas (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ), who had previousl y investigated the Orallo Complaint, investigated the San Nicolas Complaint.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 During Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 investigation of the San Nicolas Complaint, Remedios admitted to Blas that she told her daughters to lie.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Blas transcrib ed the content of that conversation in an investigatory report (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Blas}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ). \par \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [4]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Prior to Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s trial, the court ordered mutual discovery pursuant to 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10, 70.25(b), and 70.25(c) on March 8, 2001.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 On April 16, 2001, Orallo filed his witness list.}{ \f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The People provided Orallo with a witness list on April 19, 2001.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Blas was on the People}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s witness list.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The People did not provide Orallo with Blas}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The record does not show that Orallo made any specific motion or request for Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [5]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s trial began on April 24, 2001.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 At trial, Orallo called Remedios to testify on the charges brought against him.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Remedios testified that the victim admitted to her that she had not been sexually assaulted by Orallo.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The People called Blas to testify on his investigation of the San Nicolas Complaint in order to impeach Remedios}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 testimony.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The People showed Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement to defense counsel, who complained to the trial judge and suggested that the question be limited to whether the investigator had knowledge that Remedios had asked her daughters to lie in the San Nicolas Complaint.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Blas then testified to that effect.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Orallo was found guilty on April 30, 2001. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [6]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Orallo obtained new counsel on May 4, 2001.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s new counsel filed a post-trial motion seeking dismissal or a new trial arguing that the People failed to comply with the trial court}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s discovery order by not providing Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The trial court granted the motion on the grounds that the People violated its discovery order. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 II}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [7]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 3107(b). The People appeal from the trial court}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s grant of a motion for a new trial, a permissible ground for an appeal by the People in a criminal case. }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Title 8 GCA }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 130.20(a)(1) (1993). \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 III.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [8]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The People appeal the trial court}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s order granting a motion for a new trial based on the People}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s failure to comply with the trial court}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s discovery order.} {\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The order required the People to provide discovery pursuant to Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The issue we face is whether section 70.10 required the People to provide an investigator}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s written statement, which although unrelated to the investigation of the case at bar, was used to impeach a defense witness.}{ \f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Whether section 70.10 requires such a disclosure is an issue of statutory interpretation and therefore a question of law we review }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 de novo}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 .}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Ada v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 1999 Guam 10, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 10. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [9]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab We begin with the premise that }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [t]here is no general constitutional right to discovery in a criminal case.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Weatherford v. Bursey}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 429 U.S. 545, 559, 97 S.Ct. 837, 846 (1977), and note that }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 the right to pre-trial discovery is strictly limited to that which is permitted by statute or court rule mandated by constitutional guarantees.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Cole v. State}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 835 A. 2d}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 600, 608 (Md. 2003) (quoting }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Tharp v. State}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 763 A.2d 151, 171 (Md. 2000)). \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [10]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The Guam statute that controls the discovery of the People}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s witnesses and evidence, Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10, provides in relevant part: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (a)\tab Except as otherwise provided . . . at any time after the first appearance upon noticed motion by the defendant, the court shall order the prosecuting attorney to disclose to the defendant's attorney or permit the defendant's attorney to inspect and copy the following material and information within his possession or control, the existence of which is known, or by the exercise of due diligence may become known to the prosecuting attorney: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (1)\tab the name and address of any person whom the prosecuting attorney intends to call as a witness at the trial, together with his relevant written or recorded statement; \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . . . . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (7)\tab any material or information which tends to negate the guilt of the defendant as to the offense charged or would tend to reduce his punishment therefor. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (b)\tab The prosecuting attorney's obligations under this Section extend to any material information in the possession or control of members of his staff and any other persons who hav e participated in the investigation or evaluation of the case and who either regularly report or with reference to this case have reported to his office. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10 (1993).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14555100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 Title 8 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 70.25 controls the discovery of a defendant}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid14555100 s witnesses and evidence.}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The trial court found that section 70.10 required the disclosure of the impeachment evidence.}{\f0\insrsid14555100 \par }{\f0\insrsid9384674\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 A.}{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Discovery Under Section 70.10(a)(7)}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [11]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The People argue that Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 written statement is not exculpatory, does not negate the guilt of the defendant or tend to reduce his punishment.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 We agree.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The written report documented an interview by Investigator Blas of Remedios and her admission that she lied in a separate case.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The evidence impeaches only Remedios}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 credibility, who was called to testify in Orallo}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s defense.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, Blas}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 written statement acts against Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s interests and is not exculpatory. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [12]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The disclosure of exculpatory evidence is required by section 70.10(a)(7) which codifies and expands upon the constitutional due process requirement, set forth in }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brady v. Maryland, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963), that the prosecution must disclose evidence favorable to the defendant which is material to guilt or punishment. }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People v. Reyes}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 1999 Guam 11, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 19; }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People v. Fisher}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 2001 Guam 2, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 12.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 In }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Fisher}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , this court stated: }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Although }{ \cs16\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brady}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 encompasses impeachment evidence, it is not so broad as to require the People to disclose evidence to impe ach a defense witness. . . . [w]here that impeaching material does not meet the }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brady}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 test of being material and exculpatory.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Fisher}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 2001 Guam 2 at }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 13 (citations omitted).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, because Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 written statement is not exculpatory, does not negate Orallo}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s guilt or tend to reduce his punishment, it is not discoverable under section 70.10(a)(7) and the analysis turns to section 70.10(a)(1).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100 \par }{\f0\insrsid9384674\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 B.}{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Discovery Under Section 70.10(a)(1)}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [13]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Section 70.10(a)(1) requires the prosecutor to disclose }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 the name and address of any person whom the prosecuting attorney intends to call as a witness at the trial, together with his relevant written or recorded statement.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10(a)(1).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14555100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 We first note that although the People}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 s witness list includes Investigator Blas, it does not identify him as a rebuttal witness. Orallo did not complain of this, and the People do not make an issue of it on appeal. Thu s, we are constrained to determining whether Blas}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 written statement is a }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 relevant statement}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 under section 70.10(a)(1).}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The People argue generally that section 70.10 is inapplicable because it does not address rebuttal evidence.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 We disagree.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 As noted above, the People}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s impeachment or rebuttal evidence is discoverable if it is material and exculpatory.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Moreover, section 70.10(a)(1) expands discovery beyond }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brady}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 evidence.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See e.g. State v. Brown}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 335 N.W.2d 542, 546 (Neb. 1983) (}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 In the wake of }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Brady}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure were revised in 1966 so that discovery in criminal cases was broadened and liberalized.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, 70.10(a)(1) may be applicable to rebuttal evidence. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [14]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Orallo cites to a California Supreme Court Case, }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga v. Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , to argue that the People must disclose the relevant written and recorded statements of all witnesses intended to be called at trial whether in its case-in-chief or in rebuttal.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 In }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , the court examined California}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s then-recently passed Proposition 115 which provided for reciprocal discovery in criminal cases.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga v. Superior Court, }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 285 Cal. Rptr. 231, 235, 54 Cal.3d 356, 363 (Cal. 1991).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The issue in that case was whether th e statute which required the defense to disclose the identity of witnesses intended to be called at trial together with relevant written or recorded statements violated the defendant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s constitutional rights.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . at 236, 285 Cal. Rptr. . at 365. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [15]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab The lengthy quote from }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 in Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s Brief addresses the argument that the California statute violated the defendant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s due process rights.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The court stated:}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The due process clause requires notice that the defendant will have the opportunity to discover the prosecutor}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s rebuttal witnesses.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . at 243, 285 Cal. Rptr. at 375. In so stating, the court noted that although the California discovery statute did not specify rebuttal witnesses, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 the only reasonable interpretation of the [statute}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s] requirement that the prosecution disclose }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [t]he names and addresses of persons the prosecutor intends to call as witnesses at trial}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 is that this section includes both witnesses in the prosecution's case-in-chief and rebuttal witnesses that the prosecution intends to call. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . (quoting Cal. Penal Code }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 1054.1).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 goes on to state that }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [r]eciprocity under the due process clause requires notice that the defendant will have the opportunity to discover the prosecutor}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s rebuttal witnesses (and their statements) following discovery of defense witnesses by the prosecutor.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . at 245, 285 Cal. Rptr. at 377. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [16]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab However, there exists an important distinction between the reciprocal discovery statutes of California and Guam.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The California statute, California Penal Code }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 1054.3, regarding the discovery of the defense}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s witnesses includes }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant written or recorded statements.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . at 237, 285 Cal. Rptr. at 365 n.3.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The analogous Guam statute, Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.25( c), does not require disclosure of any written or recorded statement.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Section 70.25 states:}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Upon noticed motion by the prosecuting attorney, the court may order}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . . .}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [t]he defendant's attorney to state the nature of any defense which he intends to use at trial and the name and address of any person whom the defendant's attorney intends to call as a witness in support thereof.}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.25 (c) (1993).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, the holdings of }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Izazaga}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , though perhaps of some guidance, are not entirely persuasive in the instant analysis.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Moreover, our analysis here is driven by, and confined to, the express language of Title 8 GCA 70.10(a)(1) and the definition of}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant written or recorded statement.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [17]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab In }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People v. Superior Court (Laxamana)}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , this court adopted a broad definition of }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 statement}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 under section 70.10:}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}} {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 we define }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 statement}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 as used in section 70.10 to include any record that embodies or summarizes, in whole or in part, a person}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s verbal utterance.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People v. Superior Court (Laxamana)}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 2001 Guam 26, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 40.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 However, }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Laxamana}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 involved }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 witness statements and investigative notes taken by the Office of the Attorney General and the Guam Police Department}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . . . during their investigation of Laxamana.}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 . at }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 2.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The statements at issue in }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Laxamana}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 were made during the investigation of the defendant and presumably led to his indictment.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, the }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Laxamana}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 court was not required to address whether the statements were relevant to the case.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 In the instant case, however, the written statement at issue was from an entirely different criminal investigation of a person who was not the defendant.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, the issue is narrowed to whether Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement is }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 under section 70.10(a)(1). \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [18]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Guam}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s discovery statutes do not define }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 as the term is used therein.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The Guam Rules of Evidence define }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 as }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Title 6 GCA }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 401 (1995).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 However, this statute primarily defines }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 for the purposes of admissibility at trial.}{\i\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See e.g. People v. Castro}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 2002 Guam 23, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 32; }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 People v. Leon Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 2001 Guam 19, }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 26.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 This is not necessarily dispositive in the instant case, where the issue is whether the evidence must be disclosed in pretrial discovery.}{\i\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See Cole}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 835 A .2d at 610-11 (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The word }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevance}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 has a different meaning in the discovery context from its meaning in the trial context. The issue at trial is admissibility of offered evidence, while the issue in pre-trial stages is whether a party may obtain information or documents through discovery.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (footnote omitted)).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Although the criminal procedure statutes do not provide for it, in the context of civil proceedings, whether evidence may be inadmissible at trial is not a ground to object to a discovery request, }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 if the information sought appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Guam R. Civ. P. 26.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, in civil cases, inadmissible evidence may be discoverable. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [19]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab In the absence of specifics regarding discovery in criminal cases, we find guidance in the rules which control discovery in civil cases.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See Cole}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 835 A.2d at 611 (}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 When relevance is at issue in criminal discovery disputes, the standard is the same as for civil actions.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Rule 26 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure provides in relevant part: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (b) Discovery Scope and Limits.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Unless otherwise limited by order of the court in accordance with these rules, the scope of discovery is as follows: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 (1)}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 In general.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Parties may obtain discovery regarding any matter, not privileged, which is }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , whether it relates to the claim or defense of the party seeking discovery or to the claim or defense of any other party.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par Guam R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1) (emphasis added).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 We find this language applicable to criminal discovery and hold that }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 under section 70.10, means }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Id}{ \f0\insrsid9384674 .}{\f0\insrsid14555100 \par }{\f0\insrsid9384674\charrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [20]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Returning to the facts of this case, Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement was prepared for his investigation of San Nicolas.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The Written Statement was made by Blas in his interview of Remedios, only for the purposes of her complaint against San Nicolas.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The San Nicolas Complaint was entirely unrelated to the Orallo Complaint.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Therefore, Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Written Statement was not relevant to the subject matter of the Orallo Complaint and not discoverable under section 70.10(a)(1).}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 See State v. Vanderford}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 980 S.W.2d 390, 398-99 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (denying a motion to compel the discovery of an audio tape recording of a conversation between the defendant and a confidential informant, or transcripts thereof, and finding that }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 the content of the audio tape was not }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 within the meaning of [the Tennessee criminal discovery statute].}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The content of the audio tape involved two crimes which were not alleged in the indictment.}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ); }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 see also Hanson v. Commonwealth}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 509 S.E.2d 543, 546-47 (Va. Ct. App. 1999) (defining }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 under the Virginia criminal discovery statute to generally mean }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relat[ing] to the particular offense under prosecution.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 ); }{\i\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 see also United States v. Gonzalez-Rincon}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 , 36 F.3d 859, 865 (9th Cir. 1994) (holding that a report used only for impeachment purposes was not }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 relevant}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 under Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and therefore not discoverable).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14555100 \chftn }{\insrsid14555100 }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 Under Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 [u]pon the defendant}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 s request, the government must disclose to [the defendant] }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 any relevant written or recorded statements made by the defendant}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 or any documents }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 material to the preparation of the defense}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt \f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 that are }{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 within the po ssession, custody, or control of the government, the existence of which is known, or by the exercise of due diligence may become known, to the attorney for the government.}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14555100 United States v. Gonzalez-Rincon, 36 F.3d 859-65 (9th Cir. 1994) (quoting Fed. R. Crim P. 16(a)(1)(A),(C)).}{\insrsid14555100 \par }}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 IV.}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9384674 {\b\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 [21]}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 \tab Investigator Blas}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 written statement was prepared during the course of an investigation which was unrelated to the charges against Orallo.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The statement was used to impeach the credibility of a witness called to support Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s defense.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The statement was not exculpatory, did not tend to negate Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}} {\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s guilt and would not have reduced his punishment for the offense charged.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Moreover, the statement did not relate to the particular offe nse charged against Orallo, and was therefore not relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 Thus, the statement was not discoverable under Title 8 GCA}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 70.10.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 The trial court}{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s order granting Orallo}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 s Motion for a New Trial is hereby }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 REVERSED}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 .}{\f0\insrsid9384674 }{ \f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 This matter is hereby }{\b\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 REMANDED}{\f0\insrsid14555100\charrsid9384674 for sentencing hearing.}{\f0\insrsid9384674 \par }}