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{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\author lroberto}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo8\dy12\hr9\min5}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy10\hr8\min29}{\version4}{\edmins3}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2517}{\nofchars14347}{\*\company Superior Court of Guam}
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\f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid5389992 In the Interest of J.L.L.P.}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid5389992 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {
\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8926478 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid5389992  of 8
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\f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 IN THE INTEREST OF J.L.L.P.,}{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par Minor}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 DAVID PEREZ,}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Respondent-Appellant.}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Supreme Court Case Number:}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 CVA02-014
\par Juvenile Special Proceedings Case No:}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 JP0566-97}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Filed:}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 February 4, 2004}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 2004 Guam 3}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted April 22, 2003
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
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\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 For Respondent-Appellant:}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par Seth Forman, }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Esq.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par BERMAN O}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 CONNOR MANN & SHKLOV
\par Suite 503, Bank of Guam Bldg.
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \cell 
\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 For Appellee:}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par Ana Maria C. Gayle, }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Esq.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par General Crimes Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Guam Judicial Ctr.
\par 120 West O}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Brien Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Justice }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Pro Tempore}{
\cs15\i\f0\super\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5389992 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
 Pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid5389992 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5389992  6108(a), Justice }{\i\fs20\insrsid5389992 Pro Tempore}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
 Benjamin J.F. Cruz became ineligible to sit as a member of this panel.  Justice }{\i\fs20\insrsid5389992 Pro Tempore}{\fs20\insrsid5389992  Peter C. Siguenza, Jr., was appointed to sit on the panel pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5389992  6115 (as amended by P.L. 27-31).}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 .}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [1]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Respondent David Perez (}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
) appeals from a trial court order permitting his minor daughter}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s permanent guardian to relocate off-island with his daughter (}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 J.L.L.P.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ). Perez raises four issues in this appeal: (1) whether permitting the guardian to remove J.L.
L.P. from Guam amounted to a de facto termination of Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s parental rights; (2) whether the trial court erred in giving the permanent guardian unlimited discretion over visitation; (3) whether a minor who canno
t be placed with a natural parent should be placed with a family member rather than with an unrelated guardian; and (4) whether statutes in derogation of a parent}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s traditional common law rights should be construed and applied narrowly. We affirm the decision of the trial court to allow the permanent guardian to relocate with the minor.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 I.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [2]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab In March of 1995, J.L.L.P. was born to Perez, who has cognitive and physical disabilities, and to Cathy Lizama (}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Lizama}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ), who is confined to a wheelchair and has cognitive disabilities. Perez and Lizama are clients of Guma}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Mami}{\cs15\i\f0\super\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\super\insrsid5389992 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid5389992  Guma}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
 Mami was incorporated in 1980 to assist persons with cognitive and other developmental disabilities. It began providing housing and support services to these individuals in 1983.}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 . The Department of Public
 Health & Social Services}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Child Protective Services (}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 CPS}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ) became involved with J.L.L.P. shortly before her birth. CPS placed J.L.L.P. with various relatives and with a shelter before finally granting permanent guardianship over her to Connie Castro (}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Castro}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ), then an employee of Guma}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
 Mami. The placements with relatives were problematic for reasons including alleged marijuana use in the household, sanitation concerns, and disagreements between the custodial relatives and Perez concerning visitat
ion. By 1999, CPS determined that it could not locate any suitable relatives to care for J.L.L.P.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [3]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab On March 17, 1999, CPS filed a motion for an order establishing a permanency plan for J.L.L.P. In its motion, CPS sought to terminate Perez and Lizama}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s parental rights so that J.L.L.P. could be adopted. CPS asserted that Perez and Lizama were unable to provide J.L.L.P. with a safe home, and that it was not reasonably foreseeable that they would be
come able to do so within a reasonable period of time. CPS further noted that Perez sometimes had outbursts during supervised visitation with J.L.L.P. although he did not direct these outbursts at her.}{\cs15\i\f0\super\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5389992 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid5389992  For example, the family friend who supervised visits
 informed CPS that Perez threw things and knocked over a television during a visit in May of 1999.}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [4]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab CPS acknowledged that: (1) Perez appeared to have the cognitive ability to learn how to care for his child; (2) J.L.L.P. would interact with Perez durin
g visits and would at times appear to bond with him; (3) Perez successfully completed the Effective Discipline Course offered by the Superior Court;}{\cs15\i\f0\super\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5389992 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
 The requirement for successful completion of this course is attendance at four out of six sessions. The instructor asserted that at times Perez}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid5389992 s responses were inappropriate and did not make any recommendations concerning Perez}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5389992 
s competency to care for J.L.L.P.}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  (4) Perez received ongoing services from Guma}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Mami; and (5) Perez had genuinely loved and had concern for J.L.L.P. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [5]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab On November 10, 1999, the trial court approved a settlement set forth in a stipulation. Pursuant to 
the settlement, the trial court granted Castro permanent guardianship over the person and estate of J.L.L.P., inclusive of legal and physical custody, with visitation to the parents at Castro}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s discretion after a
 90-day transition period. The stipulation provided that neither Perez nor Lizama was able to provide J.L.L.P. with a safe home, even with CPS supervision, and that it was not reasonably foreseeable that they would be able to provide her with a safe home 
w
ithin a reasonable period of time. The stipulation further provided that the permanency plan submitted with the March 17, 1999 motion was amended so as to be in accord with the stipulation. The stipulation was signed by, among others, Perez, his counsel, 
and his guardian ad litem. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [6]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab After the transition period, Perez had occasional visits with J.L.L.P. Periodic written and oral reports from CPS and J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s guardian ad litem indicated that J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s placement with Castro was going well, although Castro asserted that J.L.L.P. sometimes acted inappropriately after visits with Perez.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [7]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab In a court hearing on March 27, 2002, Perez informed the court th
at his sister, Mary Parker of San Bernardino, California, wished to adopt J.L.L.P. and raise her in California with Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s consent. Ms. Parker has not appeared in this action and had not previously had custody of J.L.L.P. or been proposed as a placement. In the same court hearing, Castro informed the court that she planned to move to Oregon and requested leave to take J.L.L
.P. with her.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [8]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab On May 16, 2002, the trial court orally granted Castro}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s request for permission to relocate to Oregon with J.L.L.P. over Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s opposition. The trial 
court issued a written decision and order on June 12, 2002. Perez appealed on June 26, 2002. On July 1, 2002, the trial court denied a motion to stay the order that allowed Castro to move from Guam with J.L.L.P. Perez then filed a motion to stay the Super
ior Court order in this court, which was denied on July 17, 2002. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [9]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab On July 18, 2002, Castro moved from Guam to Oregon with J.L.L.P. They have since relocated to Nevada.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 II.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [10]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab This court has jurisdiction over appeals from child custody orders. }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Flores v. Cruz}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 1998 Guam 30 }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  8.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 III.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [11]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Perez appeals on four grounds: (1) permitting the guardian to relocate from Guam with J.L.L.P. amounted to a de facto termination of Perez}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s parental rights; (2) the trial court erred in giving the permanent guardian unlimited discretion over visitation; (3) J.L.L.P. should have been placed with a family member rather than with an unrelated guardian; and (4) statutes in derogati
on of a parent}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s traditional common law rights should be construed and applied narrowly, permitting Perez to retain control over J.L.L.P. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 A.}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 De Facto Termination of Parental Rights}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [12]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Perez first argues that allowing Castro to move off-island with J.L.L.P. resulted in the de facto termination of his parental rights, rather than the }{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 reasonable alternative}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  to termination or
iginally contemplated in the stipulation, because Perez can no longer visit with J.L.L.P. or otherwise be involved in her upbringing. The issue presented is whether the trial court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s order resulted in the de facto termination of Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s parental rights. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [13]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Courts have consistently held that permitting a guardian to relocate with a minor does not result in the de facto termination of parental rights. }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Interest of Amber G. }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 554 N.W.2d 142, 150 (Neb. 1996); }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
In re Jessica M.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 527 A.2d 766 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1987). }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
A termination of parental rights is a final and complete severance of the child from the parent and removes the entire bundle of parental rights.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  In re Interest of Amber G.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 554 N.W.2d at 150. Parental rights are not terminated where the parents }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 have not lost }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 the entire bundle}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  of parental rights . . . .}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re P.F.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
, 638 N.E.2d 716, 723 (Ill. App. Ct. 1994). }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
[W]here the father retains his visitation rights and there has been no authority given to consent to adoption, it is clear that all of the father's parental rights regarding his children have not been severed.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Interest of Amber G.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 554 N.W.2d at 150. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [14]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Here, the stipulation creating the permanent guardianship expressly provided that Perez would retain residual parental rights. Moreover, the order allowing Castro to relo
cate with J.L.L.P. provided that Castro would keep Perez informed of J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s progress by sending photographs and allowing telephone conversations between J.L.L.P. and Perez. The trial court further provided that visitation would resume when it becomes financially feasible. Nothing in the relocation order extinguished Perez}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s residual parental rights that were preserved in the stipulation.}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Thus, allowing Castro to leave Guam with J.L.L.P. did not terminate Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s parental rights.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 B.}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Guardian}{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s Discretion Over Visitation}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [15]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Perez argues that notwithstanding the parties}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  stipulation that Castro would have unlimited discretion over visitation, the trial court erred in giving Castro sole discretion over visitation because the court cannot delegate its authority over visitation matters.}{
\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [16]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Guam law provides that a parent who does not have custody over his child is entitled to visitation at the court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s discretion. }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Title 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  13321(c) (1994). The court cannot wholly delegate its authority over visitation to a separate entity. }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Stefan v. Stefan}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 465 S.E.2d 734, 736 (S.C. Ct. App. 1995) (}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In the final analysis it is the family court wh
ich is charged with the authority and responsibility for protecting the interest of minors involved in litigation, not the guardian or any other person }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 whom}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
 the court may appoint to assist it.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ). A court must be 
especially careful to refrain from delegating the right to visitation to a single individual who cannot be held accountable in the same manner as a government agency and who is likely to have interests adverse to the parent}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s. }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Randalynne G.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 118 Cal. Rptr. 2d 880, 887 (Cal. Ct. App. 2002); }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Hardy v. Gunter}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
, 577 S.E.2d 231, 236 (S.C. Ct. App. 2003); }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Stefan}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 465 S.E.2d at 736 (agreeing with the parent that a lower court }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
abused its discretion by delegating judicial authority to the parenting specialist and the guardian, and by authorizing the guardian to recommend the time for the resumption of visitation, and modification of visitation}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [17]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab 
The court, however, does not improperly delegate its authority over visitation by permitting the guardian to determine the time and manner in which visitation will take place. }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Moriah T.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 28 Cal. Rptr. 2d 705 (Cal. Ct. App. 1994). The court must determine }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 whether}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  visitation takes place, but may delegate }{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 the responsibility to manage the details of visitation, including time, place and manner thereof.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Id.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [18]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab The trial court in the present case retained control over visitation, issuing orders when appropriate to ensure that visitation continued.}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In addition, Castro never acted as if she had complete control over visitation. Castro}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s understanding that her role was limited to setting the time and place of visitation and did not extend to determining whether visitation could take place at all is evidenced by 
her request for permission from the court to relocate, despite the lack of any restriction on relocation in the stipulation. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [19]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab The final order that Perez appeals from }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 ask[s]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  that the Guardian allow the child to return to Guam and visit her family as frequently as she is able to do}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  if funds become available. Appellant}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}
{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s Excerpts of Record, p. 32 (Order) (emphasis added). This order arguably delegates complete discretion over visitation to Castro. However, the order further provides that Castro }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 is to keep the parents informed by giving photographs and opportunities to engage in te
lephonic conversations between the child and her parents and visual conferences between the parties, if possible to arrange.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Appellant}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s Excerpts of Record, p. 32 (Ord
er). Thus, the trial court directed the continuation of Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s involvement with J.L.L.P. and did not improperly give unlimited discretion to Castro to determine visitation. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [20]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Moreover, }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
the right of visitation is subordinated to the best interests of the child. . . .}{\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
Thus, if the trial court finds that visitation might endanger the child's physical health or significantly impair his or her emotional development, visitation may be denied or restricted.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Hanson v. Spolnik}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
, 685 N.E.2d 71, 79 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (citations omitted). In the present case, the trial court determined that although allowing Castro to remove J.L.L.P. from Guam would severely limit Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s opportunity to visit with J.L.L.P., the relocation was nonetheless in J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s best interests. Perez does not argue that the relocation is not in J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s best interests. Thus, the trial did not err in allowing the relocation, even if the move resulted in more limited visitation than the parties had contemplated whe
n they entered into the stipulation.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 C.}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Placement With a Non-Relative}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [21]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Perez argues that the court should place J.L.L.P. with Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s sister instead of with Castro, who is not related to J.L.L.P. Generally, placement with a family member is preferable to placement with a non-relative. Title 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  9108(c) (1993). Section 9108 applies when }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 awarding the custody of a minor, or in appointing a general guardian.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Title 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
 9108. In the present situation, however, Perez is seeking to remove J.L.L.P. from what has been her home for over three years and place her with someone she has never seen. The concerns involved in removing a child from a person}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s custody are inherently different from those involved in an initial award of custody. }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Adoption of A.K.S.R.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
, 71 S.W.3d 715, 719-20 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) (holding that the best interests of the children were not served by adoption by family members when the children had been in the foster home of a non-relative for over a year).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [22]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab In determining the appropriate foster placement of a child, the child}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s best interests are the court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s primary concern. }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 See}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  Title 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  13320(d) (1994), 13324(a) (1994). Where a parent is not attempting to gain custody himself, }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 the preference to which any other applicant for appointment may be entitled must yield to the paramount consideration }{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  the interest and welfare of the child.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re Guardianship of Aviles}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 284 P.2d 176, 178-79 (Cal. Dist. Ct. Ap
p. 1955). Here, the trial court determined that it is in J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s best interests to continue to remain with Castro. The trial court further noted that no evidence was presented to change that finding. In the absence of any evidence that the continued placement of J.L.L.P. with Castro is not in J.L.L.P.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s best interests, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Perez}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s motion to place J.L.L.P. with his sister. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 D.}{\b\f0\insrsid8926478  }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Traditional Rights of a Parent}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [23]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Finally, Perez argues that statutes that make the best interests of a child a consideration even when those interests conflict with a parent}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s common law rights must be construed and applied narrowly. Perez further argues that this court}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s opinion }{\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 In re J.L.L.P.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 2002 Guam 21, can be construed as supporting Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s position that when balanced against the rights of the disabled and family ties, the court should give the best interests of a child limited weight.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [24]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab Because we hold that Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s parental rights have not been terminated, we need not reach this issue. We do note, however, that the law does not require balancing the interests of the parent with those of the child. If the court finds that a parent cannot provide a safe 
home for the child within a reasonable amount of time, then }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
the court must consider whether the proposed permanent plan is in the child's best interest.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  }{
\i\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 Coffey v. Government of Guam}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 , 1997 Guam 14, }{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  28. Perez stipulated to his inability to provide J.L.L.P. with a safe family home, even with the supervision of CPS. More importantly, Perez does not dispute that the trial court 
acted in the best interest of J.L.L.P. Accordingly, the trial court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s order continuing J.L.L.P.}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s placement with Castro and permitting their relocation was not in error.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 IV.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8926478 {\b\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 [25]}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 \tab The trial court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s order allowing Castro to relocate with J.L.L.P. did not result in the de facto termination of Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s parental rights. On the contrary, the order expressly directed Castro to keep Perez informed of J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s development. The order also did not improperly delegate sole responsibility over visitation to Castro. Instead, the trial court provided for continuing visitation despite Perez}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s stipulation purporting to give Castro complete discretion over visitation. Finally, the trial court acted in J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s best interests in providing that Castro would continue as J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s guardian rather than removing J.L.L.P. and placing her with Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s sister. Although J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s continued placement with Castro is not in accordance with Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 
s preference, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in considering the best interests of the child above Perez}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s parental rights. Thus, we }{\b\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 AFFIRM}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478  the trial court}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s orders permitting Castro to relocate with J.L.L.P. and allowing Castro to continue as J.L.L.P.}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5389992\charrsid8926478 s permanent guardian.}{\f0\insrsid8926478 
\par }}