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People v. Demapan,}{\fs20\insrsid1403500   Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid1403500 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6952569 9}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  of 11
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 vs.}{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 THOMAS SABLAN DEMAPAN,}{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Defendant-Appellant.}{\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Supreme Court Case No. CRA03-001
\par Superior Court Case No. CF0180-02}{\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 OPINION}{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Filed: December 22, 2004}{\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid6952569  }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 2004 Guam 24}{\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam 
\par Argued and submitted on February 17, 2004
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\par }{\ul\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 : 
\par B. Ann Keith, Esq.
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General of Guam
\par Suite 2-200E, Guam Judicial Center 
\par 120 West O}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Brien Drive
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 : 
\par Pablo M. Aglubat, Esq.\tab 
\par Public Defender Service Corp.
\par 200 Judicial Center Annex
\par 110 West O}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Brien Drive
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\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 BEFORE:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice.}{\insrsid6952569 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [1]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Defendant-Appellant Thomas Sablan Demapan appeals from his conviction for burglary.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Demap
an argues that the trial court erred in failing to }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 sua sponte}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 issue jury instructions on the lesser included offense of criminal trespass, the elements of theft and the specific intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 We find that criminal trespass is not a lesser includ
ed offense of burglary and that the trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s failure to issue instructions regarding theft and intent to commit theft was not plain error.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 We affirm Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s conviction for burglary.
\par 
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\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [2]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab On April 20, 2002, Yugi Yamashita and his wife were guests at the Guam Plaza Hotel in Tumon, Guam.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
That evening they left their hotel room to visit relatives who were staying in another room on the same floor of that hotel.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Yamashita}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s wife left the door to their room unsecured.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
When Yamashita returned to his room, he discovered Demapan exiting the room.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Yamashita stopped Demapan and the police were summoned.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Yamashita later found his wallet on a fire extinguisher in the hallway leading to his hotel room.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Demapan was found to be in possession of a hotel room key, a digital camera and other items, which had earlier that day been reported stolen by another tourist.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
A glass pipe used for smoking crystal methamphetamine was found nearby and possession was attributed to Demapan.}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [3]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab On May 1, 2002, Demapan was indicted for burglary, theft of the digital camera and other items, and possession of a controlled substance.}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A jury trial commenced on July 26, 2002.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 On August 1, 2002 at the close of the evidence, Demapan moved for judgment of acquittal.}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The trial court granted acquittal on the theft charge, but sent the other two charges to the jury.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
On August 5, 2002, the jury found Demapan guilty on the burglary charge and not guilty on the possession}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 charge.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 On November 7, 2002, Demap
an was sentenced to ten years imprisonment for burglary.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 On January 27, 2003, the trial court entered judgment.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Demapan appealed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 II.}{\b\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [4]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court.}{\insrsid6952569 
 }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  3107(b) (2004).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [5]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab On appeal, Demapan argues that the trial court erred in failing to issue certain jury instructions.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The record shows that Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s trial cou
nsel failed to object to the jury instructions issued by the trial court.}{\cs15\super\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1403500 \chftn }{\insrsid1403500   }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 Demapan}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid1403500 s trial counsel was excused and new counsel was appointed for this appeal.}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Generally, }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [w]hen there is no objection to the jury instructions at the time of trial, the court of appeals will review only for plain error.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 People v. Perez}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1999 Guam 2, }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  21.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Plain error is highly prejudicial error affecting a substantial right and }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 will be found only where necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Id.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 III.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [6]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab The issues on appeal center on Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s conviction for burglary and whether the trial court erred in not issuing certain instructions to the jury.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Speci
fically, Demapan argues that the trial court erred in not instructing the jury: (1) on the lesser included offense of criminal trespass; (2) on the elements of theft; (3) that there must be a concurrence of entry into the premises with the intent to commi
t theft; and (4) on specific intent, as burglary is a specific intent offense.}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A.}{\b\insrsid6952569  }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Criminal Trespass}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [7]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Citing this court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s opinion in }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Angoco v. Bitanga}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 2001 Guam 17, Demapan argues that}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
criminal trespass is a lesser included offense of burglary and that the failure of the trial court to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense requires automatic reversal.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Our decision in }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Angoco}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  does not, however, require automatic reversal when the trial court fails to instruct the jury on a lesser included offense.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Rather, }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Angoco}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  first requires a determination of whether the }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 lesser offense is within the offense charged,}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  and if so, whether }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
based on the evidence presented at trial, a rational jury could find the defendant guilty of the lesser offense but not the greater.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Id.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  at }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 12 (quoting }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Perez}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1999 Guam at }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 24).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [8]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab To support his argument that criminal trespass is a lesser 
included offense of burglary, Demapan cites to a Comment of the Compiler of Laws for Chapter 37 of Title 9 of the Guam Code Annotated, which states:}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The crime of }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 burglary}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  has been continued by this Code. . . . .}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi22\li1418\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1418\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A second offense, }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 criminal trespass,}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
has been created as a lessor [sic] included offense that [sic] burglary.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The main difference is that no intent to commit a crime is required for conviction of }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 criminal trespass.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}
{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par Title 9 GCA Chapter 37 introductory cmt. (1996).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 However, within the Guam code, }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [a]nnotations and comments are not part of the law.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Title 1 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  101(a) (2000).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 As always, we first mus
t resort to the law in this jurisdiction.}{\cs15\super\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\super\insrsid1403500 \chftn }{\insrsid1403500   }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 We acknowledge a District Court of Guam Appellate Division case cited by Demapan,}{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500  People v. Hilton}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 
, D.C. Crim. Appeal No. 8200055A, 1984 WL 55539, at *6 (D. Guam App. Div. Apr. 18, 1984), which 
shows that at least on one occasion a judge in the Superior Court of Guam considered criminal trespass to be a lesser included offense of burglary and issued a jury instruction to that effect.  However, in }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 Hilton}{
\fs20\insrsid1403500 , whether criminal trespass is a lesser included offense of burglary was not at issue in that appeal.  Moreover, decisions of the Appellate Division are merely persuasive and do not control this court}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 s interpretation of law.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 People v. Quenga}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 , 1997 Guam 6, }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  13 n.4.  Thus, the issue of whether criminal trespass is a lesser included offense of burglary is one of first impression in this jurisdiction.}}}{\insrsid1403500 

\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [9]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Relevant to the instant appeal, a lesser included offense is defined by law as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Guilt of Included Offense Permitted: Defined.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 (a)}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The jury, or the judge if a jury trial is waived, may find the defendant guilty of any offense, the commission of which is included in that with which he is charged.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 (b)}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 An offense is included under Subsection (a) when:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 (1)}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
It is established by proof of the same or less than all the facts required to establish the commission of the offense charged;
\par . . . .}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 (3)}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 It differs from the offense charged only in the respect 
that a less serious injury or risk of injury to the same person, property or public interest or a lesser kind of culpability suffices to establish its commission.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par Title}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 8 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  105.58 (1996).}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 If criminal tresp
ass is established by the same or less than all the facts required to establish burglary, or if criminal trespass differs from burglary only to the extent that it results in a less serious injury or risk of injury or to the extent that a lesser kind of cu
lpability suffices to establish its commission, then criminal trespass is a lesser included offense of burglary.}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [10]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Beginning with the }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
same or less facts}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  test, Guam law defines burglary as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
A person is guilty of burglary if he enters or surreptitiously remains in any habitable property or a separately secured or occupied portion thereof, with intent to commit a crime therein, unless the premi
ses are at the time open to the public or the defendant is licensed or privileged to enter. It is an affirmative defense to prosecution for burglary that the property was abandoned.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  37.20(a) (1996).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Relevant to this case, criminal trespass is defined as follows:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
A person commits an offense if, knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so, he enters or surreptitiously remains in any habitable property or any building.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  37.30(a) (1996).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [11]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab From the statutes, it is clear that the scienter element of criminal trespass, knowledge that one}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 is no
t licensed or privileged to enter, is different from the scienter element of burglary, entry with the intent to commit a crime therein.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Thus, for the burglary charge it must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt that Demapan entered the hotel room with the intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
If criminal trespass had been charged, the People would have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Demapan entered the hotel room knowing that he was not licensed or privileged to do so.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Because criminal trespass contains a scienter element not included in the greater offense of burglary, it does not have the same or less facts required to prove burglary.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Thus, criminal trespass is not a lesser included offense of burglary.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Commonwealth v. Carter}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ,
}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 393 A.2d 660, 661 (Pa. 1978) (adopting a dissenting opinion stating that }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 the crime of criminal trespass has a scienter requirement not necessary to prove the crime of burglary, and thus cannot be categorized as a lesser included offense.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ) (quoting }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Commonwealth v. Carter}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 344 A.2d 899, 903 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1975)); }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 see also State v. Ocheltree}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 289 S.E.2d 742, 745 (W.Va. 1982) (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 In this jurisdiction, as in Pennsylvania, }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
the crime of criminal trespass has a scienter requirement not necessary to prove the crime of burglary, and thus cannot be categorized as a lesser included offense.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ) (quoting }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Carter}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ,}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 393 A.2d at 661)).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [12]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab From the foregoing, it is clear that criminal trespass differs from burglary in two respects.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 First, criminal tresp
ass requires proof that the defendant knew he had no authority to enter when he entered.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Second, criminal trespass does not require proof that the defendant intended to commit a crime when he entered.}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 These different proof requirements dictate against a finding that criminal trespass differs from burglary }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\ul\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 only}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 in the respect that a less serious injury or risk of injury to the same person, property or public interest or a lesser kind of culpability suffices to establish its commission.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 8 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  105.58(b)(3) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Accordingly, we determine that criminal trespass is not a lesser included offense of burglary and tha
t the trial court was not required to instruct the jury on it.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s substantial rights were not therefore prejudiced and we hold that the trial court did not commit plain error in this regard.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Perez}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1999 Guam 2 at }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  21.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 B.}{\b\insrsid6952569  }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Theft
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [13]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Demapan argues that because theft is an element of the charge of burglary against him, the trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s failure to instruct the jury on the elements of theft was reversible error.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
In a criminal action, the People must prove all the essential elements of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  90.21 (1996). Thus, our analysis begins with a determination of whether theft is an essential element of burglary.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [14]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Under Title 7 Guam Code Annotated }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  37.20, }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 supra}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , the element relating to the underlying crime is }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 with intent to commit a crime therein.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 7 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  37.20.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The burglary charge against Demapan stated specifically, that he }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
enter[ed] . . . with the intent to commit the crime of theft.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Record on Appeal, tab 6 (Indictment).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Theft, in and of itself, was not an element of the charge of burglary in Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s indictment.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The prosecution was not required to prove theft; it was required to prove that Demapan had the intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Commonwealth v. Lease}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
, 703 A.2d 506, 509 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1997) (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
[I]t is clear that the Commonwealth need not prove the underlying crime to sustain a burglary conviction.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Contrary to Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s argument, theft is not a statutory element of burglary, and the trial court was not required to instruct the jury on the elements of theft.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [15]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Moreover, the People}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s case was premised on Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s entry into Yamashita}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s hotel room and the discovery immediately thereafter that Yamashita}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s wallet was missing.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [T]he word theft is not . . . a technical word of art with narrowly defined meaning, but a word of general and broad connotation covering any criminal appropriation of another}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s property to the taker}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s use.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Sharp v. State}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 385 S.E.2d 23, 25 (Ga. Ct. App.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 1989).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The common meaning of theft is }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 the act or an instance of stealing.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 WEBSTER}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
S II NEW RIVERSIDE UNIVERSITY DICTIONARY (1994).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The Criminal Code of Guam expands somewhat on the common meaning of theft: }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A person is guilty of theft if he unlawfully takes or obtains or exercises unlawful control over, movable property of another with intent to deprive him thereof.}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Title 9 GCA 43.30(a) (1996).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The statutory definition of theft is not a hypertechnical abridgement of the common meaning of theft.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [16]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab The jury was specifically instructed that the intent element of the charge against Demapan was the }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 intent to commit the crime of THEFT therein.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  Record on Appeal (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ), tab 36, p. 45 (Jury Instructions).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
With this instruction and the common meaning of theft, it is reasonable to assume that the jury understood the charge and could decide whether Demapan had the intent to commit theft when he entered Yamashita}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s hotel room.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Accordingly, we conclude that Demapan was not entitled to an instruction on theft and that the trial court did not commit plain error in not so instructing the jury.}{\cs15\super\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1403500 \chftn }{\insrsid1403500  }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 While we decide based upon the circumsta
nces of the case at bar that there is no plain error, it is advisable for a trial court to instruct on the underlying crime in a burglary charge.}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 People v. Major}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 499 P.2d 1200, 1201 (Colo. 1972) (holding that the trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s failure to instruct the jury on the definition of theft was not plain error where the defendant failed to request an instruction on the definition of theft and }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [t]he jury was instructed that the defendant was charged with unlawfully and feloniously breaking and entering a motor vehicle }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 with intent then and there to commit the crime of theft therein.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ).}{
\cs15\super\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1403500 \chftn }{\insrsid1403500  }{
\fs20\insrsid1403500 We note and distinguish another Colorado case, }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 People v. Jiron,}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  which held that }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 [t]he elements constituting the crime of theft must be explained to the jury when that is the ulterior crime referred to in cases alleging burglary offenses.}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 People v. Jiron}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 , 616 P.2d 166, 168 (Colo. Ct. App. 1980).   The }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 Jiron}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 
 court noted the Colorado Supreme Court decision in }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 People v. Major, supra,}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  and distinguished it stating }{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  the information in Major alleged that the defendant intended to commit the crime of theft.  Here, the information contained no reference to any underlying offense.}{\fs20\insrsid1403500 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1403500   }{\i\fs20\insrsid1403500 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid1403500  at 168. }{\insrsid1403500 
\par }}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 C.}{\b\insrsid6952569  }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Concurrent Intent}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [17]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Demapan argues that the trial court should have issued an instruction to the jury that it had to find that he entered the hotel room with the concurrent intent to commit theft.
}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The jury was instructed generally that the People were to prove that Demapan entered with the intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The accuracy of a jury instruction is a question of law reviewed }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 de novo.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Williams v. State}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 54 P.3d 248, 251 (Wyo. 2002).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [18]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab The burglary statute states in part:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 enters or surreptitiously remains . . . with intent to commit a crime therein.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 9 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  37.20(a).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Under a plain reading of the statute, one need either enter, or surreptitiously remain, with the intent to commit a crime in order to meet that element.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The specific charge against Demapan was that he }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
enter[ed] in the habitable property of YUGI YAMASHITA at room 2817, Guam Plaza Hotel, with the intent to commit the crime of theft therein.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA, tab 6 (Indictment).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s instruction to the jury was that the Government had to prove that Demapan }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 entered or surreptitiously remained . . . with the intent to commit the crime of theft.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA tab 36, p. 45 (Jury Instructions).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The indictment and the jury instruction contained the language specified in section 37.20(a): entry }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 with intent to commit a crime.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Moreover, the statute does not state }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 concurrent}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  intent.}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [19]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Demapan cites a California case to support his argument.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 In }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 People v. Smith}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 144 Cal. Rptr. 330, 334 (Ct. App. 1978), the court stated:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 In a crime such as burglary that requires a specific intent, it is essential that the court give an instruction }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 defining the required concomitant intent.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  The court also stated that }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 there is no requirement that the concurrence\_of\_act\_and\_intent instruction be phrased in any particular way.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Id.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The court explained that the jury had been given two instructions, the first stating:}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Every person who enters any structure of the type shown by the evidence in this case, with the specific intent to steal . . . is guilty of burglary,}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  and the second stating:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
If you agree unanimously that defendant made an entry with the specific intent to steal . . . you should find the defendant guilty . . . .}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Id.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  at 333-334.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The court held that these two instructions made it clear that the intent to steal }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 had to exist at the moment of defendant}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s entry . . . .}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Id.}{\insrsid6952569  at 334.}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [20]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Similar to the }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Smith}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 case, in the case at bar, the trial court issued two instructions to the jury, the first defining burglary as:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A person is guilty of burglary if he enters or surreptitiously remains in any habitable property . . . with the intent to commit a crime therein . . . .}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  and the second explaining the essential elements of burglary:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 entered or surreptitiously remained in the habitable property of Yugi Yamashita . . . with the intent to commit the crime of theft.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA, tab 36, pp. 42, 45 (Jury Instructions) (emphases added).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
As in the }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Smith}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  case, these two instructions were sufficient to inform the jury that they had to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Demapan entered Yamashita}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s room with the concurrent intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
The trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s instructions on entry with intent accurately tracked the burglary statute and were sufficient for the jury to understand that Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s intent to commit theft was to be proven to exist concurrently with his entry.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Accordingly, there is no prejudicial error affecting Demapan}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s substantial right and the trial court did not commit plain error in this regard.}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Perez}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1999 Guam 2 at }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  21.

\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 D.}{\b\insrsid6952569  }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Specific Intent}{\b\insrsid1403500 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [21]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Demapan argues that because burglary is a specific intent crime, the trial court was required to instruct the jury that there must be a specific intent to commit theft.}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The jury was instructed on the general definition of intent rather than specific intent.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [22]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Intent is defined in Guam law as follows:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 A person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to his conduct or to a result thereof when it is his conscious purpose to engage in the conduct or cause the result.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  4.30(a) (1996).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Burglary is a }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 specific intent}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  crime.}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Commonwealth v. Kennedy}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 453 A.2d 927, 929 (Pa. 1982);}{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  see also State v. Howard}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
, 637 P.2d 15, 17 (Mont. 1981) (stating that common law burglary is a specific intent crime).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Specific intent }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 is a term used in the criminal law to describe a state of mind which exists where circumstances indicate that an offender actively desired certain criminal consequences, or obje
ctively desired a specific result to follow his act or failure to act.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 21 }{
\scaps\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Am. Jur. 2d }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Criminal Law}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  128 (2004) (footnote omitted).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [23]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab The specific intent element in the burglary charge against Demapan is whether he entered with the}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 intent to commit theft.}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Commonwealth v. Alston}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 651 A.2d 1092, 1094 n.3 (Pa. 1994) (stating that the }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 specific intent element of the crime of burglary is limited to whether the accused entered with a }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 general criminal intent}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  to commit any crime.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 In other words, the jury had to find that Demapan entered with the specific intent to commit theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Demapan}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s fear is that the jury may have }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 equated entry into the premises with entry with the specific intent at the time of entry to commit the crime of theft.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Appellant}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s Opening Brief, p. 15 (Sept.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 3, 2003).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 T
his fear is well founded and case law supports a specific intent jury instruction requirement for a burglary charge.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Hilton}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1984 WL 55539, at * 6 (}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Burglary cannot be committed unless specific intent exists and the jury should be so instructed.}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ); }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 People v. Hill}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
, 67 Cal.2d 105, 118, 60 Cal. Rptr. 234, 242 (Cal. 1967) (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
It has frequently been held to be error to instruct the jury on general intent in a case where the crime charged requires a specific intent.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [24]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab The trial court instructed the jury that the People had to prove that Demapan }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 entered or surreptitiously remained . . . with the intent to commit the crime of theft.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA, tab 36, p. 45 (Jury Instruction) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The trial court further instructed the jury on the definition of }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 intentionally}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  as follows:}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
A person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to his conduct or to a result thereof when it is his conscious purpose to engage in the conduct or cause the result.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA, tab 36, p. 39 (Jury Instructions).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
In addition, the jury was given an instruction on knowledge and intent:}{\insrsid1403500 
\par }{\insrsid6952569\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Knowledge and intent involve the state of a person}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s mind. . . .
\par . . . Rarely is direct proof available to establish the state of one}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s mind.}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 This may be inferred from what he says or does: his words, his actions, and his conduct, as of the time of the occurrence of certain events. 
\par The intent with which an act is done is often more clearly and conclusively shown by the act itself, or by a series of acts, than by words or explanation of the act uttered long after it}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s [sic] occurrence.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Accordingly, intent and knowledge are u
sually established by surrounding facts and circumstances as of the time the acts in question occurred, or the events took place, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from them.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 RA, tab 36, p. 29 (Jury Instructions).
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [25]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab In this case, the Government introduced evidence of Demapan}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 s two prior convictions for theft.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Transcript (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Tr.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ) vol. III, p. 2 (Jury Trial, Aug. 1, 2002).}{
\cs15\super\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1403500 \chftn }{\insrsid1403500   }{
\fs20\insrsid1403500 Although this evidence was not made part of the record on appeal, the prior thefts involved victims named Matsukawa Saturo and Hiyawong Wihong.  Transcript vol. IV, pp. 5-6 (Jury Trial, Aug. 5, 2002)}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Such evidence may be used to show intent.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Title 6 GCA }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  404(b) (1995) (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show that he
 acted in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ); }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 see also People v. Palisoc}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 2002 Guam 9, }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  13 (}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Evidence that Palisoc committed a prior auto theft is both a permissible and helpful means of showing that Palisoc committed the current charged thefts with the requisite intent.}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 ).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
At the time of his arrest, Demapan was found in possession of property that had earlier that day been reported stolen by another tourist.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Tr. vol. I, pp. 25-26, 30-31 (Jury Trial, July 29, 2002).}{
\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 The jury may infer specific intent from the circumstances surrounding the entry by the accused.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Kennedy}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
, 453 A.2d at 929.
\par }{\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [26]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Although the trial court did not expressly instruct the jury that they had to find that Demapan had the }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 specific}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
 intent to commit the crime of theft, in the totality of the instructions, the jury was adequately instructed that they had to make a finding that Demapan }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 desired certain criminal consequences, or objectively desired a specific result to follow his act.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 21 }{\scaps\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Am. Jur 2d}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Criminal Law}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  }{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  128 (2004).}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 Demapan}{
\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s substantial rights were not prejudiced by the lack of a specific intent instruction and we hold that the trial court did not commit plain error.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 See Perez}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 , 1999
 Guam 2 at }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  21
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 IV.}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952569 {\b\insrsid6952569 
\par }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 [27]}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 \tab Pursuant to the foregoing, we hold that criminal trespass is not a lesser included offense of burglary and that the trial court did not err in not }{
\i\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 sua sponte}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569  instructing the jury on criminal trespass.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Further, based on the jury instructions that were issued we hold that the trial court}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
s failure to instruct the jury on theft, the concurrent intent to commit theft and the specific intent to commit theft does not amount to plain error.}{\insrsid6952569  }{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 
Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is hereby }{\b\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 AFFIRMED}{\insrsid1403500\charrsid6952569 .
\par }}