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\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 vs.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 NATHAN G. AGUIRRE,}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Defendant-Appellant.}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Supreme Court Case No.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 CRA03-004
\par Superior Court Case No. CF0325-95}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Filed: December 1, 2004}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
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\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 2004 Guam 21}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted October 24, 2003
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par 
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\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 :
\par B. Ann Keith, Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General of Guam
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center
\par 120 West O}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Brien Drive\tab 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 :
\par Jehan}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ad G. Martinez, Esq.
\par Klemm, Blair, Sterling & Johnson
\par 1008 Pacific News Building
\par 238 Archbishop Flores Street
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; JOHN A. MANGLONA and RICHARD H. BENSON, }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Justices Pro Tempore}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 .}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 CARBULLIDO, CJ.:}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [1]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Defendant-Appellant Nathan G. Aguirre appeals from multiple convictions for murder and robbery.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre argues that his righ
t against double jeopardy was violated when he was convicted of aggravated murder during the commission of robbery, the underlying robbery charge, murder committed knowingly and murder committed recklessly, based upon a single act against a single victim.
}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre also argues that the double jeopardy prohibition was violated by his convictions for more than one count of the special allegation of the use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Aguirre further argues that the delay of forty-four months between his conviction and sentencing divested the trial court of jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Finally, Aguirre argues that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We affirm Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s convictions for aggravated murder during the commission of a robbery, the separate offense of murder committed knowingly and their corresponding special allegations.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We reverse Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s convictions for murder committed recklessly, robbery and their corresponding special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We remand for sentencing on the charge of murder committed knowingly and its special allegation.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We hold that the trial court was not divested of jurisdiction because of the forty-four month delay before sentencing.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Last, we decline to reach Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ineffective assistance of counsel claim.
\par 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [2]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab On the night of June 20, 1995, a cab driver, Petronio B. Dagalea, picked up two male passengers from the Duty Free Shoppers store in Tumon, Guam.}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
 }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Dagalea was later found robbed and shot to death in his cab along the road to Two Lovers Point, a popular tourist destination.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [3]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab On July 24, 1995, Aguirre was indicted on one count of aggravated murder, two counts of first degree murder, and one count of robbery.}{
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\fs20\insrsid10114479   Two other individuals were indicted with Aguirre, however, this appeal concerns only Aguirre.}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre was also charged with a special allegation of possession and use of a deadly weapon in the commission of each of these felonies.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre waived his right to a speedy trial allegedly upon the advice of his trial counsel and the case proceeded to trial in July of 1996.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
On July 12, 1996, the jury found Aguirre guilty on all the charges and special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The trial court scheduled a sentencing hearing for July 26, 1996, but at the request of Aguirre}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s trial counsel, the sentencing hearing was continued pending a motion for a new trial.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Prior to the hearing on the motion for a new trial, Aguirre obtained new counsel.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 On June 13, 1997, the trial court denied Aguirre}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s motion for a new trial but did not set a date for the sentencing hearing.}{
\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [4]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab For nearly three years, the case sat dormant.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Finally, on February 3, 2000, Aguirre filed a motion to dismiss.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s counsel then filed a motion for a psychiatric examination.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 On March 27, 2000, the trial court sen
tenced Aguirre to life imprisonment without parole for the murder charges and twenty-five years imprisonment for the special allegations, to be served consecutive to the sentence for murder.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
On May 10, 2000, the trial court denied Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s motion to dismiss.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [5]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab On April 30, 2002, Aguirre filed another motion to dismiss.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
On July 25, 2002, the trial court excused Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s counsel and through August 27, 2002, appointed and excused four different attorneys for Aguirre.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 On September 3, 2002, the trial court appointed Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s present counsel. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [6]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab On February 21, 2003, the trial court filed its Judgment.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 On February 24, 2003,
 the trial court denied Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s motion to dismiss filed on April 30, 2002.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Aguirre appealed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 II.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [7]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over this appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Title 7 
GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  3107 (2004).
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 III.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [8]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Aguirre argues that the trial court violated his right against double jeopardy by convicting and sentenci
ng him on multiple murder charges based on a single act against a single victim and by failing to dismiss the robbery charge upon the jury}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s verdict of guilty for the Felony Murder charge. Aguirre also argues tha
t the forty-four month delay between the jury verdict and pronouncement of sentence violated Guam law and divested the trial court of jurisdiction to sentence him.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Last, Aguirre argues that his trial counsel rendered advice and performance so deficient as to constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We begin with the double jeopardy issues.}{
\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 A.\tab Double Jeopardy}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [9]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab For the killing and robbery of Dagalea, Aguirre was indicted on three murder charges and one robbery charge as follows: (1) Aggravated Murde
r (during the commission of robbery) pursuant to section 16.30(a)(2) of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Felony Murder}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
); (2) Murder pursuant to section 16.40(a)(1) of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Knowing Murder}
{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ); (3) Murder pursuant to 16.40(a)(2) of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated (}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reckless Murder}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ); and (4) First Degree Robbery pursuant to section 40.10 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre was also charged with a Special Allegation of the possession and use of a deadly weapon in the commission of each of the four charges.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
The jury found Aguirre guilty of all charges and special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [10]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab In its judgment, the trial court stated:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
based on these verdicts, a JUDGMENT OF GUILTY is hereby entered on the charges as contained in the indictment of AGGRAVATED MURDER . . . two counts of MURDER . . . ROBBERY . . . and four counts of the SPECIAL ALLEGATION OF POSSESSION AND USE OF A DEADLY W
EAPON IN THE COMMISSION OF A FELONY.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s Excerpts of Record (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ER}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ), p. 37 (Judgment).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 In the trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s judgment, Aguirre was sentenced as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 for the offense of AGGRAVATED MURDER (As a 1}{\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 st}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 Degree Felony), and the merged offenses of two counts of MURDER (As a 1}{\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 st}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  Degree Felony) and ROBBERY (As a 1}{\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 st}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  Degree Felony), the Defendant is sentenced to life imprisonment at the Department of Corrections, Mangilao, Guam (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 DOC}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
); and that he shall not be eligible for parole, work release or educational programs outside of the confines of the prison, nor shall his sentence be suspended.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
for the SPECIAL ALLEGATION OF POSSESSION AND USE OF A DEADLY WEAPON IN THE COMMISSION OF AGGRAVATED MURDER, and three (3) merged counts of SPECIAL ALLEGATION of
 POSSESSION AND USE OF A DEADLY WEAPON IN THE COMMISSION OF A FELONY, the Defendant is sentenced to serve a period of 25 years imprisonment at DOC, consecutive to the sentence imposed . . . above . . . .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ER, p. 37 (Judgment).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, the trial court convicted Aguirre on all four charges and all four special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
However, for sentencing, the trial court merged the murder and robbery charges, merged the special allegations, and pronounced one sentence for the murder and robbery charges and one for the special allegations.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [11]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Aguirre argues that because the charges against him relate to one act, the multiple convictions and sentences for the murder charges violate his right agai
nst double jeopardy.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Aguirre also argues that because the elements of robbery are subsumed within the elements of felony murder,}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
the robbery conviction should have been dismissed upon the conviction of felony murder and that the trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s failure to dismiss the robbery conviction violates his right against double jeopardy.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We begin with the issue of whether the multiple convictions violate double jeopardy protections.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 1.\tab Multiple Convictions}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [12]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
A double jeopardy claim is a question of law reviewed de novo.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
People v. San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2001 Guam 4, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  8 (quoting }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Florida}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , Crim. No. 96-00060A, 1997 WL 209044, at * 6 (D. Guam App. Div. April 21, 1997)).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [13]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab 
The Double Jeopardy Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides protection against a second prosecution of the same offense after acquittal or conviction, and it protects against multiple punishments for the same offense.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Ohio v. Johnson}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 467 U.S. 493, 498, 104 S. Ct. 2536, 2540 (1984);}{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  see also People v. Palisoc}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2002 Guam 9, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  35; }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2001 Guam 4, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  8.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Double Jeopardy Clause is made applicable in Guam by the Organic Act and Guam}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s Criminal and Correctional Code.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See People v. Angoco}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
, 2004 Guam 11, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  17.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [14]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab In two cases, }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1998 Guam 32, and }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1999 Guam 19, this court indicated seemingly inconsistent stances on the issue of multiple convictions.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 In }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , the defendant was convicted of two counts of murder and two counts of use of a deadly weapon during the commission of a felony.}
{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes,}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1998 Guam 32 at }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 All the counts arose from the same offense. }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See id.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  at }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  2-3.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The trial court pronounced separate sentences for each of the four convictions.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  at }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  3. The trial court ordered the sentences for the murders to run concurrently.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
The trial court also ordered the sentences for the use of a deadly weapon counts to run concurrently with each other but consecutive to the murder sentences.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 This court }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 sua sponte}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  ruled }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [i]f only a single offense has been committed, though it is charged in different counts, only one sentence may properly be imposed,}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  and found that the sentencing v
iolated the double jeopardy clause, notwithstanding the fact that the sentences were made to run concurrently.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  at }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  23 (quoting 3 }{\scaps\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Charles Alan Wright & Arthur r. Miller}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , Federal Practice and Procedure }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  527 (2nd ed. 1982)).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  court stated: }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant }{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
should be convicted of one count of murder and one count of Special Allegation}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , for which he should receive sentencing}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  and remanded for resentencing.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  (emphasis added).}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [15]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab In dictum, the }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  court stated:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The fact of the 
matter is that the People often charge out offenses, some of which are already subsumed within others. The People attempt to zealously represent the people of Guam, and in doing so will prosecute defendants for any and all crimes which they believe the ev
i
dence supports. In turn, the court has some obligation to ensure LIOs are presented to the jury only if the evidence also supports their inclusion. The effect can cause a defendant to be tried and convicted more than once for essentially the same crime; h
owever, }{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 the practical effect of such }{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
duplicative}{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  convictions is either nullified in sentencing}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  or sentencing is enhanced in some manner, depending upon the situation.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 San Nicolas}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1999 Guam 19 at }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  51(emphasis added).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 This opinion seems to indicate that multiple convictions for the same crime may be rendered harmless in sentencing.}{
\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [16]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab The People correctly point out that jurisdictions are divided over the issue of whether multiple convictions for the same offense violate the double jeopardy clause.}
{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 However, in Guam the question was settled by the Legislature}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s adoption of section 1.07 of the Model Penal Code, which is codified at section 1.22 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [17]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Section 1.22 provides in part:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 When the same conduct of a defendant may establish the commission of more than one offense, the defendant may be prosecuted 
for each such offense. He may not, however, be convicted of more than one offense if:}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (a) one offense is included in the other as defined in }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58 of the Criminal Procedure Code . . . .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1.22(a) (1996).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Under section 105.58(b)(1) of Title 8 GCA, an offense is included when:}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 It is established by proof of the same or less than all the facts required to establish the commission of the offense charged . . . .}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58(b)(1) (1996).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid10114479 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10114479   This limitation on convictions for the same offense is similar to the second part of the test announced in }{
\i\fs20\insrsid10114479 United States v. Blockburger}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 , 284 U.S. 299, 52 S. Ct. 180 (1932), for whether multiple punishments for the same offense violates Double Jeopardy:  }{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 [w]here the same ac
t or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one is whether each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.}{
\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479   }{\i\fs20\insrsid10114479 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid10114479  at 304, 52 S. Ct. at 182.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid10114479 See}{
\fs20\insrsid10114479  }{\i\fs20\insrsid10114479 People v. San Nicolas}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 , 2001 Guam 4, }{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479  11.}}}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 This court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s holding in }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  is consistent with section 1.22 and we follow its reasoning.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [18]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Under section 1.22 and the }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 opinion, a defendant may be prosecuted for multiple offenses arising from the same conduct if the conduct establishes the commission of more than one offe
nse. However, if the offenses are included offenses, the defendant cannot be convicted of more than one offense. This raises the question of whether the murder charges against Aguirre are }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 lesser included}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  offenses.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [19]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab In }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Angoco v. Bitanga}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
, 2001 Guam 17, this court held that negligent homicide was a lesser included offense of a felony murder charge which was based on criminal negligence.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  at }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  13.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The court stated:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
the elements of felony aggravated murder are: (1) causing the death of another; (2) either intentionally and with premeditation, intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or by criminal negligence; and (3) during t
he commission or attempt to commit a felony. Further, the elements of negligent homicide are: (1) causing the death of another; and (2) by criminal negligence. But for the underlying felony, negligent homicide shares the same elements with felony aggravat
ed murder. If the second element of felony aggravated murder is based on criminal negligence, then negligent homicide would be a lesser-included offense.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  (footnote omitted).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Under this analysis, the negligent homicide charge requires proof of the }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 same or less}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  facts as the felony murder charge and is a lesser included offense.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (Citing}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We turn to the question of whether the charges against Aguirre require proof of }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 the same or less facts.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 a.\tab The Murder Charges}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [20]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab In the case at bar, the Felony Murder charge against Aguirre contained the elements of:}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
(1) causing the death of another; (2) by criminal negligence; (3) during a robbery.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Knowing Murder charge contained the elements of:}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (1) causing the death of another; (2) knowingly.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Reckless Murder charge contained the elements of:}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (1) causing the death of another; (2) recklessly, under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
All three charges contained the element of causing the death of another but with different mental states.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
If the definition of a crime prescribes criminal negligence as the culpable mental state, it is also established if a person acts intentionally, knowingly or recklessly. When recklessness suffices to establish a culpable mental
 state, it is also established if a person acts intentionally or knowingly. When acting knowingly suffices to establish a culpable mental state, it is also established if a person acts intentionally. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  4.35 (1993).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [21]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab With respect to the Knowing Murder and Reckless Murder charges, under section 4.35, recklessness is established by showing that a person acts knowingly.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, Reckless Murder has the }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
same or less}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  elements of Knowing Murder and is a lesser included offense thereof.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58; 9 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1.22;}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 see also}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Green}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 437 N.E.2d 1146, 1150 (N.Y. 1982) (}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
The rule that where the elements of the lesser offense (i.e., result and underlying conduct) are identical with the requisite elements of the greater crime
 and the only thing that differs between the two crimes is the culpable mental states, the . . . definition of }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 lesser}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 included offense}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  is nevertheless satisfied since the lower forms of mental culpability are necessarily subsumed within the higher mental states.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ); }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 State v. Braxton}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
, 750 A.2d 185, 187 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2000) (stating that for a crime to be a lesser i
ncluded offense, it must either be established by proof of the same or less than all the facts used to establish the greater charge or a lower degree of culpability of the defendant).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Because Reckless Murder is a lesser included offense of Knowing Murder, the trial court should have dismissed the jury}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s verdict of guilty for the Reckless Murder charge.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Accordingly, we hold that the trial court erred in convicting Aguirre of Reckless Murder.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [22]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab However, with respect to whether Knowing Murder is a lesser included offense of Felony Murder, the result is different.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The element of causing the death of another in the Felony Murder charge was based explicitly on criminal negligence, which is a lower mental state than the Knowing Murder charge.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The jury was specifically instructed by the trial court that with respect to Felony Murder, the prosecution must prove the essential element of criminal negligence.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Transcript (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 TR}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
) vol. V of V, p. 100 (Jury Trial, July 11, 1996). In addition, the jury verdict form identified the offense of Felony Murder as it was }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 charged in Charge 1.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Record on Appeal (}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 RA}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ) tab 133.1 (Verdict Form 1A).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, the Felony Murder charge given to the jury was exactly t
he charge specified in the indictment.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Returning a verdict of guilty, the jury found that the Felony Murder was committed with criminal negligence.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [23]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab The proof of criminal negligence in the Felony Murder charge does not satisfy proof of the higher mental state of }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 knowingly.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Green}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 437 N.E.2d at 1150.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Moreover, the Felony Murder charge contains the additional element of robbery.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, the Knowing Murder charge does not have the }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 same or less}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  facts as the Felony Murder charge and thus, is not a lesser included offense thereof.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58; 9 GCA }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1.22.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We hold that the Felony Murder and Knowing Murder charges are separate offenses and the convictions of each and the convictions on their respective special allegation charges shall stand.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid10114479 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10114479 
  We note that proper jury verdict forms may prevent violat
ions of section 1.22 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated by instructing the jury to consider lesser included offenses only if the defendant is found not guilty of the greater offense or if the jury cannot unanimously agree that the defendant is guilty.  This r
equires that the lesser included offenses be correctly identified.}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 b.\tab The Robbery Charge}{\b\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [24]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab The Felony Murder charge in the indictment states in part:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 On or about the 20th day of June, 1995 . . . NATHAN GEORGE AGUIRRE . . . with criminal negligence, caus
ed the death of . . PETRONIO P. DAGALEA, during the commission of Robbery (}{\f0\ul\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 as alleged in the fourth charge below}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 ).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ER, pp. 1-2 (Indictment) (emphasis added).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Fourth Charge against Aguirre was for the intentional infliction of serious bodily injury in the course of committing theft, in violation of section 40.10 of Title 9 GCA.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Felony Murder charge expressly referred to the Fourth Charge of Robbery to describe its underlying felony.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Therefore, the Fourth Charge, Robbery, had the }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 same or less}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 elements as the Felony Murder charge and was explicitly made a lesser included offense thereof.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  105.58; 9 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  1.22.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 A conviction for robbery is thus prohibited by section 1.22 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated, and the trial court should have dismissed
 the jury}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s verdict of guilty on the robbery charge and its corresponding Special Allegation.}
{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Accordingly, we hold that the trial court erred in convicting Aguirre of the Robbery charge and its corresponding Special Allegation.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 2.\tab Multiple Sentences}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [25]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Citing this court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s opinion in }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
, 1998 Guam 32, Aguirre argues that he cannot receive multiple sentences because the charges were based on only one offense and that only one sentence can properly be imposed.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We held above that the Felony Murder and Knowing Murder charges are separate offenses and affirmed the convictions for both.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Because they were separate offenses, the holding in the }{
\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Reyes}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  case is not applicable.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Moreover, both Felony Murder and Knowing Murder contain different mandatory statutory sentences.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
The sentence for Felony Murder, life imprisonment without parole, is provided by section 16.30 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The sentence for Knowing Mur
der, life imprisonment with the possibility of parole, is provided by section 16.40 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Thus, Aguirre should have been sentenced separately for both Felony Murder and Knowing Murder.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We hold that the trial court erred in issui
ng a single sentence for both the Felony Murder and Knowing Murder charges.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We remand for sentencing consistent with this holding.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 B.\tab The Forty-four Month Delay}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [26]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Aguirre was found guilty by the jury on July 12, 1996.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The trial court pronounced Aguirre}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s sentence on March 27, 2000.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre argues that this forty-four month delay violates section 120.14 of Title 8 Guam Code Annotated and divests the trial court of jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Issues of jurisdiction are reviewed de novo. }
{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Quichocho}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1997 Guam 13, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  3. 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [27]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Section 120.14 provides the time for the trial court to pronounce judgment after a jury has reached a verdict of guilty as follows:}{\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Judgment of Guilty: Time for Sentencing; Extensions.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (a) After a plea, finding or verdict of guilty against the defendant, the court shall order his detention or release as provided by }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 40.85 and shall appoint a time for pronouncing judgment, which must be within 21 days after the plea, finding or verdict.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a), the court may extend the period provided in Subsection (a);
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 (1)}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Not more than 1
0 days for the purpose of hearing or determining any motion for a new trial or in arrest of judgment . . . .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  120.14 (2004).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [28]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab This court recently held that a trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s failure to comply with section 120.14 is a procedural rather than a jurisdictional defect.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Hall}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
, 2004 Guam 12, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  18.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
This court therein adopted the standard that a judgment in violation of section 120.14 will not be reversed unless the delay results in a miscarriage of justice.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Id.}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  n.2.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, in the instant case, even if the trial court violated section 120.14, jurisdiction is not divested.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The question is whether Aguirre suffered a miscarriage of justice in the delay of his sentencing.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [29]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [A] 
}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 miscarriage of justice}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  should be declared only when the court, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 after an examination of the entire cause, including the evidence,}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  is of the }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 opinion}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 that it is reasonably probable that a result more favorable to the appealing party would have been reached in the absence of the error.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Watson}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 299 P.2d 243, 254 (Cal. 1956).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [30]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab 
Aguirre concedes that the trial court calendared a sentencing date for July 26, 1996, but that this date was reset to August 23, 1996 pursuant to a request of his counsel at that time.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant
}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s Opening Brief, p. 16.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre further concedes that}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 these dates comport with the requirements of section 120.14 and that the various post-trial motions were filed on his behalf.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The Docket Sheet indicates that Aguirre requested an extension of time to file a motion for a new trial on July 15, 1996 which was filed on September 11, 1996. Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ER, pp. 53-54 (Docket Sheet).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Prior to the hearing on the motion for a new trial on December 6, 1996, Aguirre replaced his counsel and filed at least two other continuances.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ER, pp. 54-55 (Docket Sheet).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Thus, the initial delay in sentencing was caused solely by Aguirre.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid10114479 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10114479   We note that section 120.14(b)(1) of Title 9 Guam
 Code Annotated provides up to a ten day extension for the determination of a motion for a new trial and that the trial court}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid10114479 s extension to August 23, 1996 at Aguirre}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 
s request was within the maximum of thirty-one days from the jury}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 
s verdict.  The Docket Sheet shows two notices of rescheduled hearing pushing the hearing date first to September 18, 1996 and then to September 3
0, 1996.  It also shows that Aguirre filed his motion for a new trial on September 11, 1996, which was well beyond the time limit set forth in section 120.14.  However, this delay was caused solely by Aguirre himself and he suffered no prejudice from it.}
}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par [31]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab From the trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s denial of Aguirre}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s motion for a new trial on June 13, 1997 to the trial court}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s pronouncement of sentence on March 27, 2000, the only significant action in Aguirre}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s case was a motion to dismiss filed on February 3, 2000.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 This delay of nearly three years is troubling.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The issue of whe
ther Aguirre suffered a miscarriage of justice, is determined by inquiring whether absent this delay, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 it is reasonably probable that a result more favorable to [Aguirre] would have been reached.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Watson}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 299 P.2d at 254.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Although the delay of nearly three years is troubling, we find it would not have affected the outcome or the result.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [32]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab We recognize that }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [o]nce a pe
rson has been criminally charged and prosecuted, a burden rests upon the prosecutor and the court to conclude the proceedings . . . . [T]he initiative rests with the court and the prosecution, not the defendant.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Drake}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 462 N.E.2d 376, 377 (N.Y. 1984).}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 However, we cannot ignore the fact that the initial delay was caused by Aguirre himself by filing his motion for a new trial.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
While this does not divest the trial court and prosecution of its duty to conclude the proceedings, it is difficult to comprehend why Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s counsel did not attempt}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
to set aside the verdicts after the denial of the motion for a new trial by appeal or other means during the three years of inactivity.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Commensurate with the obligation of the trial court and the prosecution to conclude the case is the duty of Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s counsel to }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 make reasonable effo
rts to expedite litigation consistent with the interests of the client.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\scaps\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Guam R. of Prof. Conduct}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  3.2 (1994).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f41\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid10114479 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10114479 
  Though we do not suggest it occurred in the instant case, the facts here demonstrate the possibility that a defendant working with his lawyer can take advantage of a trial court}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid10114479 s inadvertent failure to timely 
sentence, not inform the court or move to expedite the case, and bide his or her time until a motion to dismiss for failure to comply with section 120.14 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated can be filed.}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [33]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Moreover, we cannot lose sight of the fact that Aguirre was found guilty of Felony Murder which carries a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without parole.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, it is likely that Aguirre would in any case have remained confined pending post-trial litigation or appeal.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [34]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Therefore, we hold that A
guirre did not suffer a miscarriage of justice by the nearly three-year delay caused by the inaction of the trial court, the prosecution and his own counsel and that the trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s sentence which violates section 120.14 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated will not be reversed.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 C.\tab Ineffective Assistance of Counsel}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [35]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Whether Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
received ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact and review is de novo.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Angoco}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2001Guam 17 at }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  7.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
We note that Aguirre raised the issue of ineffective assistance in his motion to dismiss, but the trial court did not consider this issue stating it should be brought before the appellate level pursuant to section 130.10 of Title 8 Guam Code Annotated.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s ER, p. 41 (Decision and Order).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The trial court misinterpreted section 130.10 which states }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [a]n appeal may be taken in any criminal action in which the offense charged is not a violation.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Title 8 GCA }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  130.10 (1996).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is not an offense charged in a criminal action, it is a claim of error in the trial proceedings.
}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See Angoco}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2004 Guam 11 at }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}
{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  21.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [36]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab While an ineffective assistance of counsel claim may be heard on di
rect appeal, this court has previously held that it is more properly brought as a writ of habeas corpus because it requires an evidentiary inquiry beyond the official record.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 People v. Ueki}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1999 Guam 4, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  5.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 The court has, however, reviewed such claims if the record is sufficiently complete to make a proper finding.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See People v. Root}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 1999 Guam 25 }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  14.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [37]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Although Aguirre alleges several specific instances of def
iciencies of his trial counsel, the most serious allegation concerns his waiver of the right to a speedy trial on the advice of his trial counsel on the basis }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 that the Government was unable to locate a }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 key witness}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 necessary for the prosecution of the case against him.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s Opening Brief, p. 5.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
The only evidence in the record to support this allegation is Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s Declaration filed on October 24, 2002 in support of his motion to dismiss.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Appellant}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s ER, p. 34-35 (Decl. of Nathan Aguirre).}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Aguirre was not subject to questioning by the prosecution and his trial counsel has not had the opportunity to refute Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We find the record is not sufficient to make a proper finding on the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, we decline to reach this issue.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\i\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 See People v. Hall}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 , 2004 Guam 12, }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  42-42.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 IV.}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15470662 {\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [38]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab Aguirre was convicted of multiple counts of murder, robbery and special allegations based on a single act.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 We find that the Reckless Murder charge is a lesser included offense of Knowing Murder and that the Robbery charge is a lesser included offense of the Felony Murder charge which was based on robbery.}{
\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, we hold the trial court erred in convicting Aguirre of Reckless Murder and Robbery and their respective special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Accordingly, we }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 REVERSE}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s convictions for Reckless Murder and Robbery and the accompanying special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
However, we find that the Knowing Murder charge is not a lesser included offense of the Felony Murder charge, which was specifically based on the lower mental state of criminal negligence, and therefore }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 AFFIRM}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s convictions for Felony Murder, Knowing Murder and their respective special allegations.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 With respect to sentencing, we }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 AFFIRM}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  the Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s sentence for the Felony Murder charge and its special allegation.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 However, we find that the trial court erred in not sentencing Aguirre for the separate offense of Knowing Murder
 charge and its special allegation and remand for sentencing thereon.}{\f0\insrsid10114479 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15470662\charrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [39]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab We find that the forty-four month delay between the jury}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s verdict and Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
s sentencing violated section 120.14 of Title 9 Guam Code Annotated requiring sentencing within twenty-one days of the verdict.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
However, we hold that this violation does not rise to a miscarriage of justice.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 Thus, we will not disturb Aguirre}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s sentence on this ground.}{\f0\insrsid15470662  }{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
Finally, we decline to reach the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel, which is more appropriate for review in a petition for writ of habeas corpus.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15470662 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 [40]}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 \tab The trial court}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 s judgment is hereby }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 AFFIRMED}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  in part and }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 REVERSED}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 
 in part, and the matter is }{\b\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662 REMANDED}{\f0\insrsid10114479\charrsid15470662  for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
\par }}