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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid8945233 People v. Chung}{\fs20\insrsid8945233 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid8945233 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid73865 13}}}{
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 vs.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 SEUNG KWEON CHUNG,
\par also known as JEONG SEUNG-KWON, 
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Defendant-Appellant.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA02-002 
\par Superior Court Case No.: CF0643-00}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 OPINION}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Filed:}{\b\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 January 26, 2004}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 2004 Guam 2 }{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on May 1, 2003
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\par }{\ul\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 :
\par Gerad Egan
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par General Crimes Div.
\par Suite 2-200E, Guam Judicial Ctr.
\par 120 W O}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Brien Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 :
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Howard Trapp, Esq.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Howard Trapp Inc.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par 200 Saylor Bldg.
\par 139 Chalan Santo Papa
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910
\par 
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\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice;}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; JANET HEALY WEEKS, Justice }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Pro Tempore}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [1]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Defendant-Appellant Seung Kweon Chung, also known as Jeong Seung-Kwon (}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
) appeals from his convictions of Manslaughter (As a First Degree Felony), Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated (As a Second Degree Felony), and a Special Allegation pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung assert
s that the lower court erred in accepting his guilty pleas without following the requirements set out in Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50 (a), (c) and (d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Specifically, Chung argues that the lower court accepted the guilty
 pleas without (1) first informing him of and determining that he understood the nature of the charges; (2) informing him that he waived his right to a trial of any kind; and (3) informing him of the maximum possible penalties provided by law.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(a), (c) and (d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Chung also challenges the validity of the indictment by arguing that the lower court erred in applying the Special Allegation, charged}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37, to the felonies of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 We agree with Chung that the lower court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s failure to inform
 Chung of, and determine that he understood, the nature of the charges to which he was pleading guilty constitutes plain error.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
We therefore vacate the judgment of conviction and remand to permit Chung to withdraw his pleas of guilty.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 I.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
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\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [2]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab On December 12, 2000, Chung was indicted on the following charges:
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 1. \tab Manslaughter (As a First Degree Felony), in violation of 9 GCA 16.50(b);
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 2.\tab Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, (As a Second Degree Felony), in violation of 16 GCA }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 18111(b), 18101 and 18102(e);
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 3.\tab Vehicular Homicide (As a Second Degree Felony), in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  18111(a);
\par 4.\tab Vehicular Homicide (As a Second Degree Felony), in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  18111(b);
\par 5.\tab Criminally Negligent Homicide (As a Third Degree Felony), in violation of 9 GCA}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  16.60;
\par 6.\tab Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol (As a Misdemeanor), in violation of 16 GCA}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  18102(a) ;
\par 7.\tab Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol (BAC) (As a Misdemeanor, in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 18102(b);
\par 8.\tab Reckless Driving With Injuries (As a Misdemeanor), in violation of 16 GCA}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  9107(a) and (b).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
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\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [3]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab The indictment further alleges, as a Special Allegation to Charges 1 through 5:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
[t]hat in the commission of each of the above felony offenses, the Defendant, SEUNG KWEON CHUNG aka Jeong Seung-Kwon, did unlawfully use a deadly weapon, that is, a motor vehicle as defined in 9 GCA 16.10(d), in violation of 9 GCA 80.37.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
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\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [4]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab On January 15, 2002, Chung appeared in court with his attorney for a change of plea hearing.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
There, the defense counsel and the Government stipulated that the lower court was to determine the applicability of the Special Allegation to the charges of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung thereafter entered a plea of guilty to both Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The remaining six}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 charges were dismissed.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [5]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab On April 18, 2002, the lower court applied the Special Allegation to the offenses of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung was thereafter sentenced to forty years imprisonment as follows: fifteen years for Manslaughter, eight years for Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, with bot
h sentences to run concurrently, and twenty-five years for the Special Allegation, to run consecutively to the sentence for Manslaughter.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  Appellant}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s Excerpts of Record, p. 27 (Judgment).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [6]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Chung filed a timely Amended Notice of Appeal and seeks a vacation of the judgment of conviction, based on several grounds.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 II.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [7]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  3107 and 3108 and Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  130.15(a) and 130.60.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 III.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [8]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Chung appeals his conviction by asserting that the lower court failed to follow the requirements set out in Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Specifically, Chung argues that the lower court erred (1) by failing to inform him
 of the nature of the charges of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated and failing to determine that he understood the nature of those charges; (2) by failing to inform him that he was waiving his right to a trial of any kind; and (3) by f
ailing to inform him of the maximum possible penalties provided by law.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The lower court must satisfy these requirements pursuant to Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(a),(c) and (d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung also challenges the validity of the indictment by arguing that the lower court erred in applying the Special Allegation pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37 to the felonies of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, because the People failed to plead and prove the element of intent.}{\insrsid8945233 

\par }{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [9]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Chung concedes that these issues were not raised in the lower court and thus we review for plain error. }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See People v. Ueki}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 1999 Guam 4, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  17;}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Olano}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 507 U.S. 725, 731-32, 113 S. Ct. 1770, 1776 (1993);}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Vonn}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 535 U.S. 55, 58, 122 S. Ct. 1043, 1046 (2001).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 In }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, we recognized the limitations on our authority to correct plain error, as defined by the United States Supreme Court in }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Olano}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 .}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  17.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 First, Chung must demonstrate that there was an }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 error,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  which occurs }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 when there has been a violation of a legal rule, not waived by a defendant, during court proceedings, despite a failure to make a timely objection.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id. }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  18. Second, the error must be }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 plain}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  in that it is }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 clear}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  or }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 obvious.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\i\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (citations omitted).}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Third, the plain error must affect Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s substantial rights.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
See id}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 . at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  17, 23.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [10]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab In response to Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s contentions, the People argue that the lower court adequately complied with the requirements found in Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50, and the judgment of conviction should therefore be affirmed.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 With respect to the Speci
al Allegation, the People assert that the lower court found that Chung used a deadly weapon in the commission of the felonies of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, and the indictment and conviction of the Special Allegation pursuant to
 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37 was proper.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [11]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab While we agree with the People that the court properly applied the Special Allegation to the respective felonies, we find that the lower court erred in failing to adhere to 
the requirements of section 60.50 in three respects, one of which constitutes plain error.
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 A.\tab Guilty Plea Proceeding}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [12]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 60.50 delineates the procedure that a judge must follow prior to accepting a defendant}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s guilty plea.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Section 60.50 states:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The court shall not accept a plea of guilty . . . without first, by addressing the defendant personally in open court, informing him of and deter
mining that he understands the following:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (a) the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (b) that the defendant has the right to plead not guilty, or to persist in that plea if it has already been made;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (c) that if he pleads guilty . . . there 
will not be a further trial of any kind, so that by pleading guilty . . . he waives the right to a trial; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (d) the maximum possible penalty provided by law for the offense to which the {\*\bkmkstart SDU_2}{\*\bkmkend SDU_2}
plea is offered including that possible from the imposition of an extended term pursuant to }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.38 and 80.40 of the Criminal and Correctional Code.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50 (1993).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [13]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab This section is based on the proposed Rule 11(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and ABA, Project on Minimum Standards for Criminal Justice Pleas of Guilty }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  1.4 (Approved draft 1968).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  Notes to 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 We therefore turn to case law interpreting the federal Rule 11 for guidance and instruction.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See Guam v. Ojeda}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 758 F.2d 403, 406 (9th Cir. 1985).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The United States Supreme Court in }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson v. Morgan}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  held that }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 a plea cannot support a judgment of guilt unless it was voluntary in a constitutional sense.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson v. Morgan}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 426 U.S. 637, 644-45, 96 S.Ct. 2253, 2257 (1976).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The Court explained that, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
[w]ithout adequate notice of the nature of the charge against him, or proof that he in fact understood the charge, the plea cannot be voluntary in [the] constitutional sense}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 that it must be an }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 intelligent admission of guilt.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  at n.13.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Although provisions such as section 60.50 are not }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 constitutionally mandated,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  they are designed to ensure that a defendant}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s guilty plea is }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 truly voluntary.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 McCarthy v. United States}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 394 U.S. 459, 465, 89 S. Ct. 1166, 1170 (1969).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 This determination is }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 constitutionally required.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 1. \tab Nature of the charge}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [14]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab The first requirement of Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50 is that the defendant know and understand the nature of the charges to which he is pleading guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  8 GCA }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [B]ecause a guilty plea is an admission of all the elements of a formal criminal charge, it cannot be tru
ly voluntary unless the defendant possesses an understanding of the law in relation to the facts.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 McCarthy}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 394 U.S. at 466, 89 S. Ct. at 1171.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The procedure embodied in section 60.50 directs a }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 judge to inquire whether a defendant who pleads guilty understands the nature of the charge against him and whether he is aware of the consequences of his plea.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id. }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 at 464, 895 S. Ct. at 1170.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Such a provision }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 better able[s] [a judge] to ascertain the plea's voluntariness}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  and to }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 develop a more complete record to support his determination in a subsequent post\_conviction attack.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  at 466, 89 S. Ct. at 1170-71.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 A judge fails to comply with this provision where he or she }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 does not personally inquire whether the defendant understood the nature of the charge,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  through the exposure of }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 the defendant's state of mind on the record.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  at 467, 89 S. Ct. at 1171. 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [15]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab To ascertain whether the trial court adequately complied with section 60.50, we turn to the}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
relevant portion of the colloquy at the January 15, 2002 guilty plea proceeding, which follows: 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri2880\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin2880\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri2880\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin2880\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab All right.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Mr. Chung, sir, the Court is informed that without the benefit of a plea agreement today, }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
you have agreed to enter a Guilty plea to two charges, and these are: Manslaughter, as a first degree felony and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, as a second degree felony.}{\i\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE DEFENDANT:\tab }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Yes, Your Honor.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 * * *
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri2880\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin2880\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri2880\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin2880\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab All right.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
As to the factual basis here, is there a stipulation or does the Government wish to proffer on the record what it would have shown had the matter gone to trial?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 MR. EGAN:\tab \tab I}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 d 
ask, Your Honor, if the Defendant will stipulate that the facts of the case support the charges of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, the first and second charges of the Indictment?}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab Mr. Torres?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 MR. TORRES:\tab Yes, so stipulated, Your Honor. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab All right.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
The Defendant has stipulated that on or about November 29, 2001, in Guam, he did unlawfully and recklessly cause the death of another person, namely, Elizabeth Mendiola Cruz, as contained in the First Charge.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The D
efendant has also stipulated that on or about November 29, 2001, in Guam, he did, while intoxicated, negligently operate and drive a vehicle, said negligence proximately causing the death of another person, namely, Elizabeth Mendiola Cruz, in violation of
 local statute.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 All right.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Let me address the Defendant then.}{\i\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Mr. Chung, today you are pleading Guilty to Manslaughter, as a first degree felony.}{\i\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Is that correct}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 ?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE DEFENDANT:\tab }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Yes, Your Honor}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qc \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 * * *}{\insrsid8945233 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri2880\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin2880\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 All right.}{\i\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Also, the Court is informed today that you are pleading Guilty to Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated. . . . Is that correct?}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2880\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 DEFENDANT:\tab }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Yes, Your Honor}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 .}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }
{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Transcript, vol. II of III, pp.10-11, 14-15 (Change of Plea, Jan. 15, 2002).
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [16]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab 
Chung correctly asserts that the lower court committed plain error in failing to determine that he understood the nature of the charges to which he was pleading guilty, in violation of the requirement found in section 60.50(a).}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Although the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s recitation of the indictment may be sufficient to }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 inform}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  Chung of the nature of the charges, there is no indication or acknowledgment by Chung in the record that he }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 understood}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  the trial court}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s explication, if any, of the nature of the charges.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See United States v. Bruce}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 ,}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 976 F.2d 552, 560 (9th Cir. 1992) (}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
[R]ecitation [of the indictment] would suffice to inform the defendant of the nature of the charges against him only in exceedingly simple and easily\_understood cases . . . and in any case }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 clearly does nothing to establish on the record that the court personally determined that the defendant }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 understood}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  the nature of the charges.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '"}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 )(citations omitted); }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Wetterlin}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 583 F.2d 346, 350 (7th Cir. 1978), }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 cert. denied}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 439 U.S. 1127, 99 S. Ct. 1044 (1979) (reversing conviction where, during a guilty plea proceeding, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [t]he judge made no effort to explain the law of conspiracy generally or by reference to the specific charge of this 
case, nor did he personally inquire and determine that the defendant understood the nature of the charges").
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [17]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab The United States Supreme Court in }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  noted that }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 it may be appropriate to
 presume that in most cases defense counsel routinely explain the nature of the offense in sufficient detail to give the accused notice of what he is being asked to admit.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 426 U.S. at 647, 96 S. Ct. at 2258.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
However, before we may apply this presumption, some factual basis in the record must exist from which we can conclude that Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s counsel explained the nature of the charges to him and that Chung thereby understood the nature of the charges.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Accord, United States v. Bigman,}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 906 F.2d 392, 395 (9th Cir. 1990) (concluding that the record contained insufficient evidence from which the court could apply the }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  presumption).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The record shows that trial court did not inquire of Chung whether he understood the nature of the charges of Manslaughter and/or Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The trial court also did not inquire of Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s counsel, nor did Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s counsel inform the court, that Chung was informed of, and that he understood, the nature of the charges against him.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Thus, there exists no facts upon which we may base the }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Henderson}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  presumption.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Accordingl
y, we find that the trial court erred in failing to determine whether Chung understood the nature of the charges to which he was pleading guilty, as required by Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50. 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [18]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Section 60.50 makes clear the judge}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s duty to inquire whether a defendant understands the nature of the charges to which he is pleading guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The
 record is devoid of any action by the trial court to satisfy such a requirement.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Further, the error affects Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s substantial rights.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  23. Without inquiring of Chung whether he understood the nature of the charges against him, Chung cannot be deemed, in a constitutional sense, to have voluntarily entered his pleas of guilty to such charges.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See Boykin v. Alabama}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 395 U.S. 238, 242, 89 S. Ct. 1709, 1711 (1969) (holding that an error is reversible where }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
the record does not disclose favorably that the defendant voluntarily and understandingly entered his pleas of guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '"}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 ) (}{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 quoting}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  the dissenting opinion in the case appealed from, }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Boykin v. Alabama}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 207 So.2d 412, 415 (1968).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
We hold that such error constitutes plain error.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The error is plain, clear and obvious.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  18.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Moreover, such error }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 seriously affected the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '"}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  and we therefore vacate the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s judgment of conviction.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  17 (brackets omitted) (}{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 quoting Olano}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 507 U.S. at 732, 113 S. Ct. at 1776).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
 }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 2.}{\b\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Right to a Trial of Any Kind}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [19]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Chung next argues that the lower court committed plain error by accepting his guilty plea}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
without first informing him of and determining that he understood that, by pleading guilty, there would not be a further trial of any kind, as required by Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(c).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 While we agree that the trial court erred in this regard, we disagree that such error rises to the level of plain error.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [20]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Prior to accepting a defendant}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s guilty plea, section 60.50(c) requires a judge to inform a defendant and determine that he understands that if he pleads guilty, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 there will not be a further trial of any kind, so that by pleading guilty . . . he waives the right to a trial.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(c).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Chung, like other criminal defendants, has a constitutional right to a jury trial through the Sixth Amendment, made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 U.S. }{\scaps\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Const.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  amends. VI., XIV.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
However, Chung fails to provide this court with any legal authority that he has a constitutional right to a bench trial.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 In fact, under Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  85.10, cases are }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 required to be }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 tried by jury}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  . . . unless the defendant waives a jury trial in writing with the approval of the court and the consent of the government.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  85.10 (1993) (emphasis added).}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Moreover, the committee notes to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure reveal that the purpose of such language was to clarify }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 those defendants who, though knowing they have waived trial by jury, are under the mistaken impression that some kind of trial will follow.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\scaps\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Fed. R. Crim. P.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  11, Comm. n. 1974.
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [21]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab In this case, the trial court properly informed Chung of, and determined that he understood,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
that by pleading guilty he waived his right to a jury trial.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 However, the trial court erred in failing to advise Chung that there would not be a }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 further trial of any kind.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 8 GCA 60.50(c).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [22]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab While we find error, we hold that such error does not rise to the level of plain error because }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 an appropriate admonition and understanding of a right to trial by jury comprehends advice and understanding of a right to trial without jury.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
" }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 People v. Wallace}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 269 N.E.2d 482, 483 (Ill. 1971).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Chung was advised of his right to a jury trial and was also advised of various other rights, such as the right to cross-examine witnesses presented by the People, the right not to testify, the right to present a case in his defense.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Transcript, vol. II of III, pp. 13-14 (Change of Plea, Jan. 15, 2002).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
The trial court properly determined that Chung understood that by pleading guilty, he would waive these rights.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Transcript, vol. II of III, p. 13-14 (Change of Plea, Jan. 15, 2002).}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Thus, the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s failure to advise him that there would not be a further trial of any kind has not affected his substantial rights.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 The trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s error in this respect does not }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
seriously affect[] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  and therefore, we find no plain error.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Ueki}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  17 (quotation marks and citations omitted).}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 B.\tab Maximum Penalty}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [23]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab 
Chung argues that the trial court committed plain error by failing to inform him of and determine that he understood the maximum penalty for the offenses to which he was pleading guilty, as required by Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
More specifically, Chung argues that the trial court failed to inform him (1) that the sentence imposed for the Special Allegation shall run consecutive to the sentence for the underlying offenses; and (2) that the sentence included a mandat
ory special parole term of three years, pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37.}{
\cs15\super\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid8945233 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid73865  }{\fs20\insrsid8945233 
Title 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid8945233 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid8945233  80.37, with respect to sentencing for the use of deadly weapons in the commission of a felony, states:}{
\fs20\insrsid73865  }{\fs20\insrsid8945233 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8945233 Whoever unlawfully possesses or uses a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony punishable under the laws of Guam shall, in addition to the punishm
ent imposed for the commission of such felony, be imprisoned for a term of not less than five (5) years nor more than twenty\_five (25) years, and shall be fined not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), but not more than five\_
thousand ($5,000) . . . . T
he sentence shall include a special parole term of not less than three (3) years in addition to such term of imprisonment. . . . The term required to be imposed by this Section shall not run concurrently with any term of imprisonment imposed for the commi
ssion of any other felony.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8945233 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid8945233 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid8945233  80.37 (1996).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8945233  }}}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Although we agree with Chung that the lower court committed errors in both of these respects, we find that such errors do not amount to plain errors.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [24]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 60.50(d) requires the trial court to inform a defendant of and determine that he understands the maximum possible penalty for the offenses to which he is pleading guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 
 }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Several courts have addressed the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s obligations under the similar Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure, Rule 11, where the sentence includ
es a mandatory, versus a discretionary, consecutive sentence.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
The Ninth Circuit specifically held that where the trial judge has no discretion to impose a sentence concurrently, the defendant must be informed of the mandatory nature of the consecutive sentence before a guilty plea may be validly taken.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See United States v. Neely}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 38 F.3d 458, 461 (9th Cir. 1994) (}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [b]ecause the imposition of a consecutive sentence is a direct consequence of a federal guilty plea
 where the federal court lacks discretion to order a concurrent sentence, a federal defendant must be advised of the court's lack of discretion before he can enter a voluntary plea of guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
) (citations omitted).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 However, other courts have held that the trial court does not have an obligation to inform a defendant of a consecutive sentence requirement.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See Tindall v. United States}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 469 F.2d 92, 92-93 (5th Cir. 1972) (holding that where the trial court clearly 
informed the defendant of the maximum sentences possible and carefully questioned him to determine whether his pleas were completely voluntary, the court was not required by Rule 11 to advise the defendant that the federal sentence must run consecutively 
to state sentence);}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. General}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 278 F.3d 389, 395 (4th Cir. 2002), }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 cert. denied}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 536 U.S. 950, 120 S. Ct. 2643 (}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Rule 11, however, does not require a district court to inform the defendant of mandatory consecutive sentencing.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 );}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
United States v. Parkins}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 25 F.3d 114, 119 (2nd Cir. 1994), }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 cert. denied}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 513 U.S. 1008, 115 S. Ct. 530}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 (holding that the trial court need not advise that federal sentence would b
e consecutive to state sentence because whether federal sentence would run concurrently or consecutively to state sentence is of collateral consequence since while period of time in prison may be longer, the federal sentence was not effected in any way).}
{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [25]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab We recognize that section 60.50, like Rule 11, concerns itself with those }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 consequences [of a plea] of which it is objectively deemed that the defendant must be informed to enter a voluntary plea.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Myers}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 451 F.2d 402, 404 (9th Cir. 1972).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Because we find that the mandatory nature of a consecutive sentence is a }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
factor that necessarily affects the maximum term of imprisonment,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
and is therefore a consequence of the plea, we adopt the law of the Ninth Circuit and hold that a trial court must advise a defendant of the mandatory nature of a consecutive sentence in order to adequately comply with the requirements of Title 8 GCA }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(d). }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [26]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab The relevant dialogue from Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s change of plea proceeding, concerning the maximum penalty under Title 9 GCA }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37, is as follows: 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2880\li3600\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin3600\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab \tab And also before accepting your plea, I need to advise you that at the time of sentencing, the Court will
 consider the allegation of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon In the Commission of a Felony.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 And if this offense }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  this allegation does apply, then there is an additional term of incarceration of five to twenty-five years.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Do you understand that?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2880\li3600\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin3600\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE DEFENDANT:\tab \tab Yes, Your Honor.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab * * * 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-2880\li3600\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin3600\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 THE COURT:\tab \tab \tab All right.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
So let me ask you then at this point, Mr. Chung, knowing what the penalties are that are provided by the law, and the additional possible penalty for the Special Allegation that will be determined at a later point, how do you wish to plead . . . .}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par Transcript vol II of III, pp.15-16 (Change of Plea, Jan. 15, 2002).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [27]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Although the lower court did not specifically identify as }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 consecutive}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  the sentence to be imposed under Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37, the court informed Chung that it would be an }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
additional term of incarceration of five to twenty-five years.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 We find that while the trial court did not use the term }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 consecutive,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  such survives plain error scrutiny, given the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s use of the term }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 additional.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 First, although the term }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 consecutive}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  would more effectively convey the nature of the sentence to be imposed, the term }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 additional}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  is sufficiently synonymous with }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 consecutive}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  and therefore the error is neither }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 clear}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  nor }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 plain.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  Moreover, the recognized split in the circuit courts with respect to this issue indicates that the error }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 is not obvious or clear under current law.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Humphrey}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 164 F.3d 585, 588 (11th Cir. 1999) (quotation marks and citation omitted).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Second, Chung}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s substantial rights have not been affected by the lower court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s choice of words in this case.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 For the above reasons, we find that when the trial court informed Chung that the sentence to be imposed for the Special Allegation, if it applied, would be an }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 additional}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 term of incarceration, such satisfied the requirement that Chung be informed that the sentence would run }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
consecutively}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  to the underlying offenses to which Chung pleaded guilty and thus no plain error occurred.
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [28]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Turning to Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s claim of second point of error with respect to section 60.50(d), we find that the lower court, 
in failing to inform Chung of the mandatory special parole under Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 80.37, failed to comply with Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50(d).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 As previously discussed, Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50 concerns itself with those }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
consequences [of a plea] of which it is objectively deemed that the defendant must be informed to enter a voluntary plea.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Myers}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 451 F.2d at 404.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 In }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Sanclemente-Bejarano}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, the trial court failed to advise the defendant of the mandatory three year period of supervised release which is a component of the Special Allegation. }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Sanclemente-Bejarano,}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  861 F.2d 206, 210 (9th Cir. 1988).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 On appeal, the issue was }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 whether the defendant knew before pleading guilty that he could be sentenced to a term as long as the one he eventually received.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Id.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Finding that the trial court advised the defendant that the maximum possible penalty for his offense was life imprisonment, but he was actually sentenced to fifteen years in prison and a
 five-year term of supervised release, the appellate court held that the prejudice that resulted from not informing him of the supervised release, and the court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s error, were harmless. }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 id.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [29]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab 
Thus, although the court erred in failing to inform Chung of the mandatory special parole, Chung was informed of the maximum possible penalties for the Special Allegation as well as for each of the offenses to which he was pleading guilty, which totals fi
fty-five (55) years imprisonment.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
He was actually sentenced to fifteen years for Manslaughter and eight years for Vehicular Homicide to be served concurrently and twenty-five years for the Special Allegation, to be served consecutive to the two concurrent 
periods of incarceration, amounting to a total of forty (40) years imprisonment.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Chung was advised of the maximum possible penalties for each conviction as well as the Special Allegation, which totaled fifty-five (55) years, and subsequently received a sentence of forty (40) years imprisonment.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Thus we hold that the resulting prejudice from the court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s omission was harmless.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
As a result, although the court erred in failing to inform Chung of the mandatory parole term, we hold that the error does not rise to the level of plain error because Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s substantial rights were not affected. 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 C.\tab Deadly Weapon}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [30]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.3
7 imposes an additional punishment on those who use a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 It reads in relevant part:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Whoever unlawfully possesses or uses a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony . . . shall, in addition to the punishment imp
osed for the commission of such felony, be imprisoned for a term of not less than five (5) years nor more than twenty-five (25) years. . . .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37 (1996).
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [31]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab A }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 deadly weapon}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  is defined as }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
any firearm, or other weapon, device, instrument, material or substance, whether animate or inanimate, which in the manner it is used or is intended to be used is known to the defendant to be capable of producing death or serious bodily injury.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  16.10(d) (1993). The phrase }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 known to the defendant,}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 requires the Government to prove the defendant}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s subjective knowledge that the }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 weapon}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  is capable of producing death or serious bodily injury.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 See}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 People v. Pangelinan}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , Crim. No. 90-0065A, 1991 WL 255847, at *5-*6 (D. Guam App. Div. Nov. 18, 1991).
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [32]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab In construing the breadth of section 80.37, the Ninth Circuit has held that, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [t]he enhancement statute }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 contains no exceptions and applies to all felonies}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 .}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 There is no question that the legislature has the power to impose multiple punishments for the same conduct.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Guam v. Iglesias}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 839 F.2d 628, 629 (9th Cir. 1988) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Indeed, it is }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 an unambiguous expression of the Guam legislature}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s intent to impose additional punishment on those who use weapons in the commission of felonies.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 That legislative intent should be honored.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Guam v. Borja}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 732 F.2d 733, 736 (9th Cir. 1984), }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 cert. denied}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , 469 U.S. 919, 105 S. Ct. 300 (1984).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [33]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Chung relies on }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 United States v. Dayea}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
, 32 F.3d 1377 (9th Cir. 1994), in support of his argument that an enhancement pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 80.37 is authorized only where a defendant uses an instrument capable of causing serious bodily injury with the intent to injure the victim and where the underlying charges allege the same.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
However, }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Dayea}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  involved the federal sentencing guidelines, which, in its application notes, define a }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 dangerous weapon}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  as }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 any instrument that is not ordinarily used as a weapon (e.g., a car, a chair, or an ice pick) if such an instrument is involved in the offense }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
with the intent to commit bodily injury}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 .}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\scaps\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 U.S. Fed. Sentencing Guidelines}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  2A2.2 n.1 (2003) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
This definition, which requires proof of the intent to commit bodily injury, is not found in Guam}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s statute.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
As noted previously, the culpability element to be applied exists in the definition of a deadly weapon as one }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 which in the manner it is used or is intended to be used }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 is known to the defendant}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  to be }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 capable}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  of producing death or serious bodily injury.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  16.10.(1993) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [34]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Because }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 intent to injure}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  is simply not an element of the underlying charge, nor is it a fact to be proved through the special allegation, it follows that it need not be charged in the indictment.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s argument that the Special 
Allegation cannot be applied to the charges of manslaughter and vehicular homicide is without merit.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 No plain error has occurred.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 

\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 D.\tab The Special Allegation}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [35]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab In light of our finding of plain error with respect to Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s guilty pleas to the felonies of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, we turn to the viability of the Special Allegation as found by the court.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [36]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab After Chung waived his right to a jury trial on the Speci
al Allegation, the trial court determined that the Special Allegation applied to the offenses to which Chung pleaded guilty.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37 states, }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [w]hoever unlawfully possesses or uses a deadly weapon }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 in the commission of a felony punishable}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  under the laws of Guam shall, }{
\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 in addition to the punishment imposed for the commission of such felony}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 , be imprisoned . . . and . . . fined. . . . .}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 " }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37 (1996) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Clearly, without the underlying convictions on the felonies of Manslaughter or Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, the Special Allegation cannot stand.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
The language of the statute requires, in addition to a finding that the defendant unlawfully used and possessed a dangerous weapon, that he did so }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 in the commission of a felony}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 "}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 and further requires that the punishment for possessing and using the deadly weapon in this manner be imposed in addition to the punishment for the commission of such felony.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\i\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Id.}{
\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 Therefore, our reversal of Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s convictions on the Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated felony offenses requires that the finding on the Special Allegation also be reversed.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 IV.}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid73865 {\b\insrsid73865 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [37]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab We hold that the trial court committed plain error in accepting Chung}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
s pleas of guilty to the offenses of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated without first informing him of, and determining that he understood, the nature of the charges, as required by Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  60.50.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
We further hold that the trial court erred in failing to inform Chung of, and determine that he understood, that he waived his right to a trial of any kind, but that such error does not constitute plain error.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{
\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 We also hold that the trial court erred in failing to inform Chung of the mandatory consecutive sentence and mandatory special parole pursuant to Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  80.37, but that such error similarly does not amount to plain error.}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865  }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
Finally, while we hold that the trial court correctly applied the Special Allegation, found in Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 
 80.37, to the felonies of Manslaughter and Vehicular Homicide While Intoxicated, the trial court}{\insrsid73865\charrsid73865 '}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 s finding must be reversed because the underlying felony convictions were reversed. 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 [38]}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 \tab Accordingly, we}{\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  REVERSE }{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 the judgment of conviction and finding of the Special Allegation and }{
\b\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865 REMAND}{\insrsid8945233\charrsid73865  to the trial court with instruction to allow Chung to withdraw his guilty pleas.}{\insrsid73865 
\par }}