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People v. Flores,}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid2049141 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16002669 10}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  of 14}{\insrsid2049141 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 PEOPLE OF GUAM,
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par 
\par vs.
\par 
\par JOSEPH PEREZ FLORES,
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Defendant-Appellant}{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Supreme Court Case No. CRA03-013
\par Superior Court Case No. CF122-02}{\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 OPINION}{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Filed: October 4, 2004}{\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid16002669  }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 2004 Guam 18}{\insrsid16002669 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam 
\par Argued and submitted on July 15, 2004
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 : 
\par B. Ann Keith, Esq., Asst. Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General of Guam
\par Suite 2-200E, Guam Judicial Center 
\par 120 West O}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Brien Drive
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 : 
\par Vincent E. Leon Guerrero, Esq.\tab 
\par Klemm, Blair, Sterling & Johnson
\par Suite 1008, Pacific News Building
\par 238 Archbishop F.C. Flores Street
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 BEFORE:}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [1]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Defendant-Appellant Joseph Perez Flores appeals from a Superior Court Judgment convicting him of one count each of Attempte
d Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Second Degree Felony), Fourth Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Misdemeanor), Harassment (As a Petty Misdemeanor) and two counts of Assault (As a Misdemeanor).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores argues that there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction for Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to give the }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 missing witness}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  instruction to the jury.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 We disagree with both arguments put forth by Flores and thus, affirm the judgment.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 I.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [2]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab On February 16, 2001, Claire Rosario, John Blas and Vincent Sablan, who had been out drinking, playing pool and singing karaoke, were driving toward Rosario}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s Barrigada home when they stopped at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house because Rosario needed to use the bathroom.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 While Rosario was inside Flores}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house, Blas and Sablan drove to a nearby church to wait for her, at Flores}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  request.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
When Rosario tried to go after the car, Flores blocked the doorway.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores and Rosario struggled, with Flores touching, dragging and getting on top of Rosario.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 After she }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 tried to play along,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  Rosario was able to leave Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Transcript of Proceedings (}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
) vol. I, p. 23 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Rosario ran to the house of her friend Jesse Lewis and told him and his mother that she (Rosario) was almost raped.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Rosario asked Lewis to drive her to Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 home to retrieve her purse.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 When they arrived at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  home, they saw a truck pulling out of the driveway.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas and Sablan testified that they saw Rosario arrive at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  home, and she was crying and hysterical.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
They also testified that she yelled at them and asked why they left her, and that Flores }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
practically raped}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  her.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Tr. vol. II, pp. 29-32, 51-53 (Trial, June 5, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Rosario did not report this incident until a separate incident inv
olving Flores occurred on March 24, 2002, when Flores pulled Rosario by the neck and hair, shoved her and touched her during a barbecue at the home of Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s sister}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s boyfriend.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
s sister reported the March 24, 2002 incident to police, and after an investigation of the allegations, Flores was arrested. 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [3]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab On March 25, 2002, Flores was charged by the Attorney General}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s Office regarding the separate March 24, 2002 incident.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 On April 3, 2002, he was indicted in the case at bar for both the March 24, 2002 incident an
d the February 16, 2001 incident.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
The indictment was amended on June 3, 2002 and Flores was charged with one count of Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Second Degree Felony) for the February 16, 2001 incident, and one count of Terrorizi
ng (As a Third Degree Felony), one count of Attempted Fourth Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Misdemeanor), one count of Fourth Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Misdemeanor), two counts of Assault (As a Misdemeanor) and one count of Harassment (As
 a Petty Misdemeanor) for the March 24, 2002 incident.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [4]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Flores filed a motion for judgment of acquittal, which was denied.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Subsequently, a jury found Flores guilty of four of the charges levied against him and he was thereafter sentenced by the trial court.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The judgment was entered on the docket on August 5, 2003.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores timely filed his Notice of Appeal on August 8, 2003.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 II.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [5]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab This is an appeal from a final judgment, over which this court has jurisdiction.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Title 7 GCA }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  3107(b) (2002), }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 as amended by}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 Guam Pub. L. 27-31 (Oct. 31, 2003); Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  130.15(a) (1996).}{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 

\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [6]\tab }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores challenges the sufficiency of evidence supporting his conviction, to which we apply a highly deferential standard of review.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 We have stated:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The critical inquiry on review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is to de
termine whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
When a criminal defendant asserts that there is insufficient evidence to sustain the conviction, this court reviews the evidence in the light most f
avorable to the prosecution to ascertain whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The Ninth Circuit has noted that this is a highly deferential standard.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\i\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 People v. Reyes}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 32, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 7 (citations omitted) (quoting }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 People v. Gill}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , Crim. No. 92-00099A, 1994 WL 150934, at *6 (D. Guam App. Div April 15, 1994)).
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [7]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Whether th[e missing witness] instruction should be given is a matter that lies within the discretion of the trial court.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 United States v. Bautista}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 509 F.2d 675, 678 (9th Cir. 1975).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Consequently, the lower court}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s refusal to give the instruction is reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 See id.}{\i\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 An abuse of dis
cretion has been defined as that }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
exercised to an end not justified by the evidence, a judgment that is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts as are found.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 People v. Tuncap}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 13, }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  12 (quoting}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  Int}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 l Jensen, Inc. v. Metrosound U.S.A., Inc.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 4 F.3d 819, 822 (9th Cir. 1993)).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Under this standard, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
a reviewing court does not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Instead, we must first have a definite and firm conviction the trial court, after weighing relevant factors, com
mitted clear error of judgment in its conclusion.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Id. }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [8]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Issues of statutory interpretation are reviewed }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 de novo}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 .}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Ada v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1999 Guam 10, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  10.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
[O]ur duty is to interpret statutes in light of their terms and legislative intent.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Carlson v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 2002 Guam 15, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  46 n.7.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Absent clear legislative intent to the contrary, the plain meaning prevails.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Sumitomo Constr. Co. v. Gov}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 t of Guam}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 2001 Guam 23, }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  17. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 III.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 A.}{\b\insrsid16002669  }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Essential elements of section 25.25 of Title 9 of the Guam Code Annotated}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [9]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 first argument is that there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction for Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
The jury determined that the prosecution had proved beyond a reasonable doubt the elements of section 25.25 of Title 9 of the Guam Code Annotated, which provides:}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
(a) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree if the person engages in sexual penetration with another person and if any of the }{\insrsid16002669 following circumstances exists:}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi22\li1418\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 (1) that other person is at least fourteen (14) years of age and under sixteen (16) years of age;}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 (2) force or coercion is used to accomplish the sexual penetration; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi22\li1418\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 (3) the actor knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  25.25 (1998).
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [10]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab To determine whether there was sufficient evidence to support the conviction, we examine the evidence presented at trial in light of the following elements of the offense:}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 1)}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores; 2) Attempted; 3) To engage in sexual penetration; 4) Of another; and 5) Force or coercion was used to accomplish the sexual penetration.}
{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Each element is discussed below.}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 1. Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [11]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab There is sufficient evidence to support this element.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
At trial, Rosario identified Flores as the person she was testifying about, noting his presence in the courtroom and the clothing he was wearing.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Lewis testified that Rosario said Flores }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 held [her] against her will,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. II, p. 65 (Trial, June 5, 2002), and at trial, he identified Flores as being in the courtroom.}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 2. Attempted}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [12]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Guam law defines the crime of attempt as follows:}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to engage in conduct which would constitute such crime were the circumstances as he believes them to be, he performs o
r omits to perform an act which constitutes a substantial step toward commission of the crime.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  13.10 (1996).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 In this case, there is sufficient evidence to support this element, because there is evidence that Flores performed }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 an act which constitutes a substantial step toward commission of the crime.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 At trial, Rosario testified that Flores wanted her to go in his bedroom with him, and when she refused, Flores picked her up and tried to carry her into his room.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 She further testified that }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 when [Flores] knew that I wasn}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 t gonna go into his room with him, he dragged me.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I, p. 22 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 3. To engage in sexual penetration}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [13]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab There is sufficient evidence to support this element.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
At trial, Rosario testified that she told Flores to stop touching her and to let her go, but Flores told her }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 he wanted to have sex with me.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I
, p. 22 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\b\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 She further testified that Flores }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 was trying to put his hands down my pants. He was fondling my vagina . . . .}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I, p. 23 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 4. Of another}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [14]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab There is sufficient evidence to support this element.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
At trial, Rosario testified that Flores said he wanted to have sex with her.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas testified that Flores told them Rosario left after he }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 sucked}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 her breast.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. II, p. 29 (Trial, June 5, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas believed Flores was not joking because Flores repeated this statement.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas further testified that Rosario said Flores practically raped her.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Lewis testified that Rosario said }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [s]he was being held against her will}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  and had to fight to get away.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. Vol II, p. 65 (Trial, June 5 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Lewis further testified that Rosario said Flores did these things to her.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Finally, Sablan testified that Rosario was upset with them for leaving her because Flores almost raped her.}{\insrsid2049141 

\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 5. Force or coercion is used to accomplish the sexual penetration}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [15]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab On appeal, Flores argues that section 25.25 of Title 9 GCA is ambiguous.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Specifically, he maintains that the word }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  between subsection (2) and (3) is part of the statute}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 plain language,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  and section 25.25 should be interpreted as requiring evidence of all of the three circumstances listed in the subsections.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Basically, he argues evidence of the use of force alone in subsection (2) was not sufficient to convict him under section 25.25.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Moreover, using a conjunctive reading of the statute requires that the prosecution also prove that the victim }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 is at least fourteen (14) years of age and under sixteen (16) years of age}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  under subsection (1), and that Flores }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  under subsection (3).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  25.25.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Furthermore, he argues that the court must apply the rule of lenity when a statute is ambiguous; thus, the court must adopt the interpretation of the statute that is most favorable to the defendant.}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [16]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab The prosecution asserts that section 25.25 is not ambiguous, and should be plainly read in the disjunctive sense because the word }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 any}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  in section (a) precedes the word }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  in the text of the statute; thus, the word }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  in section (a) only shows that the subsections compose a list of circumstances.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Consequently, from this disjunctive reading, evidence of force alone was sufficient to support Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 conviction.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The prosecution argues that Flores proffers an absurd interpretation of section 25.25(a) w
hich should be avoided, further asserting that the Legislature could not have intended that the statute apply only to fourteen- and fifteen-year-old incapacitated victims of force.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [17]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Since the inquiry into whether there is sufficient evidence to support Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  conviction for Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct hinges on identifying the essential elements of the crime, }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 see Reyes}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 32 at }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  7, this inquiry must begin with determining whether Flores
}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  conjunctive interpretation comports with the plain meaning of section 25.25(a).}{\insrsid16002669  }
{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores supports his contention by citing several cases that define the word }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 any}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  as meaning }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 every}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  and }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 all,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and asserts that converting }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  to }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 or}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  in the criminal context is not allowed.}{\cs15\super\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2049141 \chftn }{\insrsid2049141   }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
While Flores interprets these cases as supporting our adopting of the conjunctive interpretation of section 25.25 of Title 9 GCA; we do not find these cases, or the arguments rai
sed therein, to be persuasive.  This is especially so in light of the statutory interpretation principles in }{\i\fs20\insrsid2049141 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
, 2002 Guam 14, and more significantly, because it is apparent that the Legislature would not have enacted a statute that could not be prosecuted.}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [18]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab We have stated that }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
[n]otwithstanding the deference due the plain\_meaning of statutory language, ... such language need not be followed where the result would lead to absurd or impractical consequences, untenable distinctions, or unreasonable results.}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Sumitomo}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 2001 Guam 23 at }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  17 (quoting }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Bowlby v. Nelson}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
, Civ. No. 83\_0096A, 1985 WL 56583, at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. Sept. 5, 1985)) (ellipses in original).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Reading section 25.25(a) conjunctively as requiring evidence of all three circumstances to convict a person of Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct would restrict convictions under the statute to o
ne limited situation where a victim is between the ages of 14 and 16, }{\ul\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  force or coercion is used, }{\ul\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 where a victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 This interpretation imposes a new meaning on the statutory langua
ge of section 25.25 that is inconsistent with the use of identical language in other statutes.}{\insrsid2049141 
\par }{\insrsid16002669\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [19]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
[T]he language of the statute cannot be read in isolation, and must be examined within its context.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 A statute}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s context includes looking at other provisions of the same statute and other related statutes.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 2002 Guam 14, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  9 (citations omitted).}{\i\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
[Q]uestions of statutory interpretation may be aided by reference to the prevailing interpretation of other statutes that share the same language and either have 
the same general purpose or deal with the same general subject as the statute under consideration.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Id.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  at }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  11 (quoting }{
\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 de los Santos v. Immigration & Naturalization Serv.,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  525 F.Supp. 655, 666 (S.D.N.Y. 1981)).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
To determine the meaning of section 25.25, we consider language found in statutes defining other criminal sexual conduct offenses, including First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{
\cs15\super\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2049141 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
  First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct is defined as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 
(a) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the first degree if he or she engages in sexual penetration with the victim and if any of the following circumstances exists:
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (1) the victim is under fourteen (14) years of age;
\par (2) the victim is at least fourteen (14) but less than sixteen (16) years of age and the actor is a member of the same household as the victim, the actor is related to the victim by blood or affinity to the fourth de
gree to the victim, or the actor is in a position of authority over the victim and used this authority to coerce the victim to submit;
\par (3) sexual penetration occurs under circumstances involving the commission of any other felony;
\par (4) the actor is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and either of the following circumstances exists:
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (i) the actor knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless; or
\par (ii) the actor uses force or coercion to accomplish the sexual penetration.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (5) the actor is armed with a weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim to reasonably believe it to be a weapon;
\par (6) the actor causes personal injury to the victim and force or coercion is used to accomplish sexual penetration; and
\par (7) the actor causes personal injury to the victim, and the actor knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 
\par Title 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f171\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  25.15(a) (1998).  Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct is defined as follows: 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (a) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the second degree if the person engages in sexual contact with anothe
r person and if any of the following circumstances exists:
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (1) that other person is under fourteen (14) years of age;
\par (2) that other person is at least fourteen (14) but less than sixteen (16) years of age and the actor is a member of the same household as
 the victim, or is related by blood or affinity to the fourth degree to the victim, or is in a position of authority over the victim and the actor used this authority to coerce the victim to submit;
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (3) sexual contact occurs under circumstances involving the commission of any other felony;
\par (4) the actor is aided or abetted by one or more other persons and either of the following circumstances exists:
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (i) the actor knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless; or
\par (ii) the actor uses force or coercion to accomplish the sexual contact.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (5) the actor is armed with a weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead a person to reasonably believe it to be a weapon;
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141 (6) the actor causes personal injury to the victim and force or coercion is used to accomplish the sexual contact; and
\par (7) the actor causes personal injury to the victim and the actor knows or has reason to know that the victim is mentally defective, mentally incapacitated or physically helpless.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid2049141  Title 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f171\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  25.20(a) (1998).  }}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [20]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Applying the conjunctive interpretation to sections 25.15 and 25.20 would impose an absolute bar to convictions for First Degree and Second Degr
ee Criminal Sexual Conduct, since it would be impossible for the prosecution to establish evidence satisfying all seven circumstances listed under the subsections of each statute.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Quite simply, it would be impossible for the victim to be both }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 under}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  fourteen years of age }{\ul\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 and}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 at least}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  fourteen years of age.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 See}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  25.15, 25.20.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
As a matter of interpretation, we cannot conclude that the absurdity resulting from the conjunctive reading of these statutes was intended by the Legislature, because clearly, the senators did not intend to enact statutes that could not be prosecuted.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 argument pertaining to the ambiguity of section 25.25 is not persuasive and is rejected; thus, the rule of lenity does not apply.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [21]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab It is clear that section 25.25 was intended to be read in the disjunctive sense, allowing evidence of force alone as sufficient to convict under section 25.25.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Thus, we consider evidence in the record on Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  use of force.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [22]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab There is sufficient evidence to support this element.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Rosario testified that she struggled 
against Flores when he picked her up and tried to carry her into his room, and that he had his hands all over her, and that Flores covered her mouth when she attempted to call out for his mother.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
She testified that Flores shoved her onto the bed and that he was on top of her.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Further, she said that Flores }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 had his hand up my blouse. He was fondling my breasts. He was trying to put his hands down my pants.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I, p. 23 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Flores }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 was fondling [her] vagina}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  and }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 tried to put his mouth on [her]chest . . . .}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I, p. 23 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Finally, Rosario testified that she }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
kept struggling with him but he was so heavy. I could not push him off.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Tr. vol. I, p. 23 (Trial, June 4, 2002).
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [23]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Overall, there was an abundance of evidence presented to the jury to support each element of Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 We conclude that, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational jury could have found the essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 See People v. Sangalang}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 2001 Guam 18, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  20. 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 B. Corroboration and its effect on the sufficiency of evidence}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [24]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab 
Flores alternatively argues that even using a disjunctive reading of section 25.25 would result in insufficient evidence, because even though Guam law allows a conviction of Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct based upon the victim}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
s testimony without corroboration, this lack of corroboration may result in a holding that there is insufficient evidence to support finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
He points to the lack of testimony regarding signs of struggle on Rosario and the lack of physical evidence that he attempted to have sexual intercourse with Rosario, and further asserts that Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s version is incredible for the following reasons:}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
she changed her statements after consulting with an investigator; more than one year had passed when Rosario reported she was almost raped; she said she could not remember the time the incident happened; and she said she would return to Flores}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  home over and over again. 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [25]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab The prosecution asserts that Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony is credible because she had no reason to be wary of using the bathroom at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house because she had visited the house when her sister had lived there, and she did not know that Flores was alone inside the house.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Moreover, even if Rosario wanted to stop at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 home to use the bathroom, she did not consent to Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 sexual advances, and any inconsistencies in Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony 
were considered and resolved by the jury.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [26]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Section 25.40 of Title 9 GCA states:}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The testimony of a victim need not be corroborated in prosecutions under }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  25.15 through 25.35.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  25.40 (1998).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
While Flores expressly recognizes section 25.40 and does not the challenge the soundness or validity of this non-corroboration statute, he asserts that the absence of such corroboration with regard to Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony justifies a holding of insufficient evidence. 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [27]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab However, evidence of corroboration was presented at trial, as the trial testimony of witnesses Blas, Sablan and Lewis corroborated portions of Rosario}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony about the Feb. 16, 2001 incident.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
First, Rosario testified that she needed to use a bathroom and entered Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 house through the kitchen door and used the bathroom.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas testified that Rosario went to use the restroom at Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house, while Sablan testified that Rosario left the truck and went to Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [28]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Second, Rosario testified that Flores said he told Blas and Sablan to leave.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Blas testified that Flores said that Rosario gave permission for them to leave and wait at the church, and that Flores would take her there.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Sablan testified that Flores asked them to leave, go to the church, and wait for Rosario there.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [29]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Third, Rosario testified that after she left Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  house she ran to Lewis}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 house and told both Lewis and his mother that she was almost raped.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Lewis testified that Rosario said she ran from the Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  residence, that }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [s]he was being held against her will}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  and }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 had to fight her way loose . . . to get away.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. II, p. 65 (Trial, June 5, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [30]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Finally, Rosario testified that when she later met up with Blas and Sablan she yelled at Blas, }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Why did you leave me? He almost raped me.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. I, p. 25 (Trial, June 4, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
This testimony was corroborated by both Blas and Sablan, as both men testified that Rosario said Flores had almost raped her.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [31]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Guam law does not require corroboration of a victim}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony; thus, Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony need not be corroborated.}{
\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 See}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  9 GCA }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 25.40.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Even in light of this statute, there was evidence presented at trial which corroborates Rosario}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Therefore, we reject Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  argument that lack of corroboration justifies a holding of insufficient evidence.}{\cs15\super\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2049141 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
 Furthermore, the trial court acknowledged this presence of corroboration in its July 29, 2002 Decision and Order, noting that }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid2049141 [t]he testimony of Sablan and Blas establish that the victim and Defendant were alone in the Defendant}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
s home in the early morning hours of Feb. 16, 2001,}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  because }{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
Sablan and Blas testify that the Defendant told them to leave the house and go wait for the victim at a nearby church --  which, when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, establishes the element of intent on Defendant}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 s part}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141  -- and }{
\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 Sablan, Blas and Lewis also testified that they found the victim upset and crying after she had left the Defendant}{
\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 s house.}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid2049141  Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2049141 s Excerpts of Record, p. 19 (Decision and Order, July 29, 2002).}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 C.}{\b\insrsid16002669  }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Missing Witness Instruction}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [32]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 second argument is that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to permit the use of the missing witness instruction because of the following:}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Blas testified that a prose
cution investigator doubted his account of the February 16, 2001 incident; Rosario testified that she changed her written statement during an interview with a prosecution investigator; and the prosecution did not call any of its investigators to the witne
ss stand.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Consequently, Flores maintains that the jury should}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 have been told that they could make the presumption that the prosecution}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s investigators would have undercut the prosecution}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s position.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
However, Flores concedes that giving the missing witness jury instruction is within the trial court}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
s discretion.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [33]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab In rebuttal, the prosecution asserts that t
he missing witness instruction was properly refused since the testimony of prosecution investigators is not part of the record, and thus, any irregularity in the trial requiring taking testimony outside the record, must be through collateral attack. The p
rosecution also argues that the testimony of Attorney General Investigator Anthony Blas (}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Investigator Blas}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
) is hearsay, and the missing witness instruction is inappropriate since Flores could have called Investigator Blas to testify. 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [34]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab The missing witness instruction is one within the sound judicial discretion of the trial judge who must decide whether in 
all the circumstances shown it is reasonable for the jury to be permitted to draw an adverse inference from one party}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s failure to call a witness peculiarly available to him.}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\i\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Morrison v. United States}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 365 F.2d 521, 524 (D.C. Cir. 1966).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
Further, we have stated that a court abuses its discretion when there is a }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
definite and firm conviction}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  that the trial court }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 committed clear error.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tuncap}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 13, at }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  12.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 In its refusal to give the missing instruction, the trial court noted that }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 there are perils in giving that instruction if you}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 ll read both that and Section 25. 40.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 It may run contrary to that particular provision.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. IV, p. 26 (Hearing on Proposed Jury Instructions and Jury Instructions, June 7, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 In making this statement, the court appeared to accept the prosecutor}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s argument that allowing this instruction would }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
create a conflict between the jurors}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 because the instruction permits a jury to draw a negative inference from a party}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
s failure to call a witness to testify, while section 25.40 of Title 9 GCA expressly states that victim}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony need not be corroborated.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tr. vol. IV, pp. 8-9 (Hearing on Proposed Jury Instructions and Jury Instructions, June 7, 2002).}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The trial court}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s exercise of its }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 sound judicial discretion,}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Morrison}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 365 F.2d at 524, in refusing the missing witness instruction does not constitute }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 clear error of judgment in its conclusion}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  because the refusal was based on a concern that the instruction would run }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 contrary}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
 to the non-corroboration language of section 25.40.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tuncap}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 13 at }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  12.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [35]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab Moreover, the trial court accommodated Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  concerns by allowing him to raise, during closing arguments, the issue of Investigator Blas}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  absence on the witness stand.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Thus, this information had been made available to the jury members for their consideration.
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [36]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab In light of the above, the trial court}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s refusal to give the missing witness instruction did not constitute an abuse of its discretion since the refusal was not }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 clearly against the logic and effect of the facts as are found.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid16002669  }{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Tuncap}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 1998 Guam 13 at }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 95 \\f "WP Phonetic" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f171\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  12 (quoting}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  Int}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 l Jensen}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 , 4 F.3d at 822).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 IV.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16002669 {\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [37]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab We conclude first that there is sufficient evidence to uphold Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  conviction for Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Second Degree Felony).}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 In doing so, we reject Flores}{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  argument that section 25.25 of Title 9 GCA be interpreted in the conjunctive sense.}{\insrsid16002669 
 }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 We believe requiring proof of all three circumstances in subsections (1), (2) and (3) of section 25.25(a) would lead to an absurd result.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Consequ
ently, we hold that evidence of force alone, under subsection (2), is enough to convict under section 25.25.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 As}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
review of the evidence presented to the jury reveals that there was sufficient evidence to support each element of the charge, we affirm Flores}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669  conviction of Attempted Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Second Degree Felony).
\par }{\b\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 [38]}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 \tab We further conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to give the missing witness instruction.}{\insrsid16002669  }{
\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The trial court refused on the ground that it permits a jury to draw a negative inference from a party}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}
{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s failure to call a witness to testify, although section 25.40 of Title 9 GCA expressly states that victim}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s testimony need not be corroborated.}{\insrsid16002669  }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 The court}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 s refusal to give the instruction was not clearly against logic, and thus, }{\insrsid16002669 was not an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 
\par }{\insrsid16002669 
\par }{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 Accordingly, the judgment is }{\b\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 AFFIRMED}{\insrsid2049141\charrsid16002669 .
\par }}