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Won Pat GIAA v. Moylan}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid7289498 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3416176 8}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 of 10 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid7289498 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-19\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3416176 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop0\shpright10800\shpbottom19\shpfhdr1\shpbxpage\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz0\shplockanchor\shplid2049{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fillBackColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fShadow}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxpage\dobypara\dodhgt0\dprect\dpx1440\dpy0\dpxsize9360\dpysize19\dpfillfgcr0\dpfillfgcg0\dpfillfgcb0\dpfillbgcr0\dpfillbgcg0\dpfillbgcb0\dpfillpat1\dplinehollow}}}}{\insrsid7289498 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid7289498 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid3416176 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 A. B. WON PAT GUAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY}{\b\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ,}{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par by and through its BOARD OF DIRECTORS}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par Petitioner-Appellee, \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 v.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 DOUGLAS B. MOYLAN, \par ATTORNEY GENERAL of GUAM}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par Respondent-Appellant.}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 OPINION}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Filed:}{\b\insrsid3416176 }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 January 23, 2004}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid3416176 }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 2004 Guam 1}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA03-013 \par Superior Court Case No.: SP0055-03}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Submitted on a Motion September 5, 2003 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5310\clshdrawnil \cellx5190\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4050\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\ul\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 For Petitioners-Appellees}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 : \par David A. Mair, }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Esq.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par Mair, Mair, Spade & Thompson \par A Professional Corp. \par Attorneys at Law \par Ste. 801, PNB \par 238 Archbishop FC Flores St. \par Hagatna, Guam 96910\tab \cell \par }{\ul\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 For Respondent-Appellant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 : \par Douglas B. Moylan, A.G. \par B. Anne Keith, Assistant A.G.\tab \tab \par Office of the Attorney General \par Civil Division\tab \tab \tab \tab \par Guam Jud. Ctr., Ste. 2-200E \par 120 W. O}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Brien Dr. \par Hagatna, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5310\clshdrawnil \cellx5190\clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4050\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid3416176 \par }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 BEFORE: FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Chief Justice (Acting)}{\cs15\super\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7289498 \chftn }{\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 Chief Justice F. Philip Carbullido recused himself from this case and as the next senior panel member, Associate Justice Frances M. Tydingco-Gatewood, was appointed Acting Chief Justice.}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ; RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{ \i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Pro}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Tempore}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ; JOHN A. MANGLONA, Justice }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Pro Tempore}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 .}{\insrsid3416176 \par \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 PER CURIAM:}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [1]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The Respondent-Appellant, the Attorney General (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 AG}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ) Douglas B. Moylan, appeals a Superior Court order granting a petition for peremptory writ of mandate.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The Petitioner-Appellee, A. B. Won Pat Guam International Airport Authority}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GIAA}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ), filed a motion to dismiss the instant case for lack of jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We find that Rule 58 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires the entry of a final judgment in civil cases, applies in special proceedings in the Superior Court seeking writs of mandamus.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We further find that the entry of a final judgment in a writ of mandate proceeding is a prerequisite to this court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s exercise of appellate jurisdiction over decisions made in such proceedings.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Because the lower court has not entered a final judgment in the instant case, we lack jurisdiction over this appeal.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed without prejudice. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 I.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [2]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab On March 7, 2003, GIAA filed a Petition for Writ of Mandate in the Superior Court, requesting that the court compel the AG to approve a contract for legal services entered into by GIAA and the law firm of Mair, Mair, Spade & Thompson.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 After briefing and a hearing, the lower court issued a Decision and Order granting GIAA}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s Petition for a Writ of Mandate on May 12, 2003.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The May 12th Decision and Order was entered on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket on June 6, 2003.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [3]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The AG thereafter filed a Notice of Appeal on June 23, 2003, appealing the May}{\insrsid3416176 12, 2003 Decision and Order.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [4]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab On July 1, 2003, a Peremptory Writ of Mandate was filed in the lower court.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 A Notice of Entry was not is}{\insrsid3416176 sued for the Peremptory Writ.}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [5]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab On September 5, 2003, GIAA filed the instant motion to dismiss the appeal, arguing that this court lacks jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Specifically, GIAA argued that under Rule 4 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GRAP 4}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ), as well as this court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s case law, an appeal may only be taken from a final judgment entered on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GIAA argued that while the Peremptory Writ of Mandate issued on July 1, 2003 is a final judgment in this case, it was not }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 entered on the docket}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 within the meaning of GRAP 4, and therefore this court lacks jurisdiction over the instant matter.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The AG filed an opposition to the motion on September 8, 2003, arguing that it appeals from the May 12, 2003 Decision and Order which is a final appealable order that was entered on the docket on June 6, 2003.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GIAA filed a reply on September 11, 2003, arguing that the May 12, 2003 Decision and Order is not a final judgment, and that because the peremptory writ has not been entered on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket, it is not appealable at this time.}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [6]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab After considering the matter, this court issued an order on November 21, 2003, informing the parties that it appeared, upon review of the local statutes governing writs of mandamus, that, like a civil action, a writ proceeding must be terminated by the entry of a final judgment set forth on a separate document.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The court also set out the additional requirements of entry on the docket and notice of the entry.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In accordance with this finding, the court directed the AG to file a supplemental statement of jurisdiction attaching a final judgment entered by the Superior Court, as well as a notice of entry indicatin g that the judgment was entered on the docket; or to appear and show cause as to why the appeal should not be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [7]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab On December 3, 2003, the AG filed a supplemental statement of jurisdiction, attaching a copy of the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s Peremptory writ of Mandate filed on July 1, 2003.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The AG argued that the peremptory writ issued in this case was the equivalent of a }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 final judgment,}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 and, therefore, the lack of a final judgment was not fatal to the instant appeal.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The court thereafter directed GIAA to file a response to the AG}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s arguments.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GIAA filed their response, as directed, and maintained its earlier position that even assuming the AG}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s argument is correct that the peremptory writ was an appealable document, this court nonetheless lacks jurisdiction becaus e the peremptory writ was not entered on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket as required under GRAP 4. \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [8]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The issue of whether a final judgment is a jurisdictional prerequisite to appealing a peremptory writ of mandate is one of first impression, which we herein address. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 II.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 A.\tab Requirements for Appellate Jurisdiction}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 . \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [9]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3107(b), this court has jurisdiction over }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 appeals arising from judgments, final decrees, or final orders of the Superior Court . . . .}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3107(b) (1994).}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 While 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3107(b) confers jurisdiction over }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 final orders,}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 such jurisdiction must be viewed in light of Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}} {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3108(a) and (b), which }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 additionally require, between them, either a final judgment or the satisfaction of criteria justifying interlocutory consideration.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Merchant v. Nanyo}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3; }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Title}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 7 GCA }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3108(b) (1994).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In other words, to appeal an order which has the effect of disposing of the case, the order must be reduced to a }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 final judgment,}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 or must be an order which is subject to immediate appellate review }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 as provided by law,}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 or in accordance with this court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s discretionary jurisdiction over interlocutory appeals.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 7 GCA }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3108(b); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Merchant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3. \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [10]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Furthermore, appellate jurisdiction is also limited by the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 separate document rule.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Gill v. Seigel }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 2000 Guam 10, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 6.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Under the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 separate document rule,}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 an appeal may only be taken from a judgment which is set forth on a separate document as required under Rule 58 of the Guam Rules of C ivil Procedure.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Id}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 . (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In Merchant v. Nanyo Realty, Inc.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 15, this court adopted strict adherence to the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 separate document rule} {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 which interprets Rule 58 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure as requiring a formal, separate judgment prior to this court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s ability to obtain jurisdiction on appeal.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ); }{ \i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see also}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Merchant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 16 (dismissing the case for lack of jurisdiction because a judgment was not entered on a separate document)}{\insrsid3416176 .}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [11]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Additionally, appellate jurisdiction is dependent upon the filing of a timely notice of appeal.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Gill}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 2000 Guam 10 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 5 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The filing of a tim ely notice of appeal to take an appeal as of right is an absolute requirement from which this court has no discretion to digress. . . . [A] timely notice of appeal is mandatory and jurisdictional.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In accordance with Rules 3 and 4 of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure, }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 a timely notice of appeal from a civil action must be filed within thirty days from the date of entry of judgment or this court cannot obtain jurisdiction.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Gill}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 2000 Guam 10 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 5.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 A judgment is }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 entered,}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 for purposes of appeal, upon the happening of two events: (1) the judgment is literally }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 entered}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket; and (2) notice is given to the parties that the judgment was entered.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See Sky Ent. v. Kobayashi}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 2002 Guam 24, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 16 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Rule 4(a) requires both entry and notice of entry to start the time for an appeal.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GRAP 4(a).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 This court lacks jurisdiction over an appeal which is filed prior to the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 entry}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 of a judgment set forth on a separate document.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See Merchant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 16.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 B.\tab Application of Jurisdictional Rules in the Present Case.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [12]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab In its motion to dismiss, GIAA conceded that the Peremptory Writ, which was filed on July 1, 2003, is the equivalent of a final judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The AG originally argued that the Decision and Order filed on May 12, 2003 granting the petition for a Peremptory Writ is a final appealable order, and later ch anged its position arguing that the July 1, 2003 Peremptory Writ was the equivalent of a final judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We find that Rule 58 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires the entry of a final judgment in civil cases, applies in special proceedings for petitions for writs of mandate.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [13]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31501 governs the procedure applicable in writ of mandate, review, and prohibition special proceedings, and provides: \par }{\insrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, the provisions of Part 2 of this Title are applicable to and constitute the rules of practice in the proceedings mentioned in this Chapter. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31501 (1993). \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [14]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The Compiler}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s note to section 31501 clarifies that }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Part 2 of this Title}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 referenced in section 31501 commences with Chapter 10 of Title 7 of the Guam Code Annotated, but that }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 the procedure referred to also includes the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure because those Rules have replaced much of th[e] . . . [rules in Part 2 of Title 7].}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Thus, section 31501, interpreted in light of the adoption of the Rules of Civil Procedure, essentially provides that the Rules of Civil Procedure apply to writ of mandamus proceedings unless otherwise provided in the Chapter related to writ proceedings. \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [15]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Rule 58 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure governs the entry of judgment in civil cases.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 It provides in full: \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Entry of Judgment.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Subject to the provisions of Rule 54(b)}{\cs15\super\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7289498 \chftn }{\insrsid7289498 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 Rule 54(b) provides: \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\b\fs20\insrsid7289498 Judgment Upon Multiple Claims or Involving Multiple Parties.}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 When more than one claim for relief is presented in an action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the court may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay, and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. In the absence of s u ch determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties, shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or par ties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid7289498 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid7289498 Guam R. Civ. P. 54(b).}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 : (1) upon a general verdict of a jury, or upon a decision by the court that a party shall recover only a sum certain or costs or that all relief shall be denied, the clerk, unless the court otherwise orders, shall forthwith prepare, sign, and enter the j udgment without awaiting any direction by the court; (2) upon a decision by the court granting other relief}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 or upon a special verdict or a general verdict accompanied by answers to interrogatories,}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 the court shall promptly approve the form of the judgment, and the clerk shall thereupon enter it. Every judgment shall be set forth on a separate document. A judgment is effective only when so set forth. Entry of the judgment shall not be delayed for the taxing of costs. Attorneys shall submit forms of judgment except upon direction of the court. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par Guam R. Civ. P. 58.}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [16]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab We have found no provision in Title 7 GCA, Div. 3, Ch. 31, which }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 otherwise provides}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 that a judgment not be issued in writ proceedings.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In fact, Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31212 appears to contemplate that a judgment in fact be issued in writ proceedings, and that such judgment precede the issuance of the writ.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Title}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31212 (1993) (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 If judgment be given for the applicant}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , he may recover the damages which he has sustained, as may be determined by the court, together with costs; and for such damages and costs an execution may issue; and a peremptory mandate must also be awarded without delay.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ) (emphasis added); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see Palma v. U.S. Indus. Fasteners, Inc.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 681 P.2d 893, 900 n.9 (stating that section 1095 of the California Civil Code, from which Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31212 was taken and mirrors, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 requires that a judgment precede issuance of a writ of mandate}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Thus, in light of 7 GCA }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31501 which makes the Rules of Civil Procedure applicable in writ proceedings, GRCP 58 which requires the entry of a judgment in a civil case, and section 31212 which contemplates the issuance of a judgment in mandamus proceedings, we conclude that }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 a proceeding in which is sought a writ of mandate, like any other civil action, must be term inated by a judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 This judgment, if in favor of the plaintiff, should direct that the writ issue, and from such a judgment an appeal may be taken.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 State ex rel. Amende v. City of Bremerton}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 205 P.2d 1212, 1214 (Wash. 1949) (finding that the rules pertaining to judgments are applicable in writ proceedings in light of the prior determination that }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [p]ursuant to the statutes of th[e] state, an application for a writ of mandate }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 has in it all the elements of a civil action}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [17]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Considering Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31501, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31212, and GRCP 58, we find that the lower court is in fact required to issue a judgment in this matter, and an appeal may only be taken from such final judgment set forth on a separate document.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 52 AMJUR.2d }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Mandamus}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 480 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Although the writ itself generally is not appealable, . . . an appeal lies from a judgment granting or denying a peremptory writ . . . and usually is deemed to be premature if there is no entry of a formal judgment.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ).}{\cs15\super\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7289498 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 We note that the AG originally argued that the May 12, 2003 Decision and Order granting the Peremptory Writ is a final appealable order.}{ \fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 The AG relied on }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Bitanga v. Superior Court}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 , 2000 Guam 5, as support for its position.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 In }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Bitanga}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 , this court held that it had jurisdiction to review an order granting a petition for writ of }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 habeas corpus}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 .}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Bitanga}{ \fs20\insrsid7289498 , 2000 Guam 5 at }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 11.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Bitanga }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 is distinguishable in that it involved an appeal of an order granting a writ of }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 habeas corpus}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 .}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 By statute, such orders are specifically made appealable in the absence of a final judgment.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 See }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 Title 8 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 135.74 (1993) (}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 An appeal may be taken to the Guam Supreme Court by the Attorney General from a final order of the Superior Court made upon t he return of a writ of habeas corpus discharging a defendant after his conviction, in all criminal cases prosecuted in a court of record. . . .}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid7289498 ).}{\insrsid3416176 }}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [18]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab Moreover, requiring the entry of a final judgment in a special proceeding seeking a writ of mandamus is neither onerous nor burdensome to the lower court or the parties.}{ \insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Further, the application of such a bright-line requirement acts to give the parties t o such proceedings conclusive notification that the case has ended and an appeal may thereafter be taken, thus clarifying any confusion prompted by the different procedures heretofore employed by the judges of the lower court, some of whom issue final jud gments in writ proceedings, and others who do not.}{\cs15\super\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs15\super\insrsid7289498 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 The court takes judicial notice of its own court records.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 In the present matter, the lower court did not issue a final judgment directing the issuance of a writ.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 By contrast, in another matter presently before the court, }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Pacific Rock Corp. v. Perez, }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 CVA03-010, the lower court issued a }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 Judgment}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 directing that a writ of mandamus shall issue.}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 See Pacific Rock Corp. v. Perez}{ \fs20\insrsid7289498 , Sup. Ct. Case No. CVA03-010 (State. of Jxn, June 16, 2003).}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See Merchant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16 at }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 14 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 A fundamental purpose of Rule 58 is the unambiguous demarcation of a judgment}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s finality. . . .}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The Rule should, and must be, mechanically applied in this and other cases to ensure that a determination addressed on appeal really is the trial court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s final resolution, and to protect the litigants from uncertainty as to when a notice of appeal must be filed to be within the time permitted.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ).}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [19]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab In this case, the lower court filed and entered a Decision and Order granting GIAA}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s Petition for a Writ of Mandamus, and issued a Peremptory Writ of Mandamus, neither of which, we hold, are the equivalent of a final judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [20]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab An order granting a petition for mandamus relief may be characterized as }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 final}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 in the sense that it apparently disposes conclusively of the petitioners}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 request for relief.}{ \insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 However, as stated earlier, this court has adopted the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 separate document rule}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 in this jurisdiction, which states that an appeal may only be taken from a judgment entered on a separate document.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Orders containing lengthy analysis with a conclusion directing the issuance of a peremptory writ are }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 not }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 appealable as final judgments.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See Merchant}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 3, 16 (finding that an order dismissing a case was not a final judgment); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see also Barber v. Whirlpool Corp.}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 34 F.3d 1268, 1274 (4th Cir. 1994) (interpreting Rule 58 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, from which GRCP 58 was taken, as }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 require[ing] that a final judgment be set forth in a document separate from the opinion explaining the judgment}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Clough v. Rush}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 959 F.2d 182, 185 (10th Cir. 1992)}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The order which the district court entered disposing of the motion for summary judgment does not meet Rule 5 8 requirements. In addition to being fifteen pages long, it contains detailed legal analysis and reasoning. Thus, it could not, standing alone, trigger the appeal process.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ); }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Long v. Coast Resorts, Inc.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 267 F.3d 918, 922 (9th Cir. 2001) (}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Here, the }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 order and judgment}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 entered on December 31, 1998 was not a final judgment because it did not constitute separate entry of judgment, but rather contained facts and legal analysis.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ).}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [21]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The AG argues that the Peremptory Writ is a final adjudication of the parties}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 rights with nothing left to be done, thus acting as a final judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We disagree and find that the Peremptory Writ filed on July 1, 2003 is not a final judgment.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 It has been recognized that }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [a] peremptory writ of mandamus is regarded at common law as the final determination of the rights of the parties . . . .}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 State ex rel. Amende}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 205 P.2d at 1214.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Guam law similarly defines a judgment as }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 the final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 21101 (1994).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Her e, the Peremptory Writ arguably meets this definition.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 However, under GRCP 58, a judgment must not only be final as so defined, but be set forth on a separate document.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Here, the Writ was set forth on a separate document, however, it was not labeled as a }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 judgment}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 directing the issuance of the writ as contemplated under 7 GCA }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 31212.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We agree that labels do not necessarily control our jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 In fact, certain orders may suffice as a separate judgment, even though not officially titled a }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 judgment.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See Clough v. Rush}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 959 F.2d 182, 185 (10th Cir. 1992).}{\cs15\super\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7289498 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 Specifically, }{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 orders containing neither a discussion of the court}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 s reasoning nor any dispositive legal analysis can act as final judgments, [and thus satisfy Rule 58], if they are intended as the court}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid7289498 s final directive and are properly entered on the docket.}{\fs20\insrsid7289498 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3416176 }{\i\fs20\insrsid7289498 Id}{ \fs20\insrsid7289498 .}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 However, we must emphasize that the lack of specificity that the document is in fact a judgment, labeled as such, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 would detract from the evident purposes of the separate document requirement, namely, en suring that the parties have clear notice of the entry of final judgments, thus allowing them to know with some certainty when an appeal must be noticed.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Kanematsu-Gosho, Ltd. v. M/T Messiniaki Aigli}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 805 F.2d 47, 49 (2d Cir. 1986) (stating the importance of preserving the purpose of the separate document requirement and that }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [o]ne clear way to do this is to call a judgment a judgment.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ).}{ \insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 As has been recognized by another court, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 the usual procedure is for the court to enter its formal judgment awarding or denying the peremptory writ.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Such final judgment is }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 usually}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 separate and distinct}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 from the peremptory writ itself, because the peremptory writ is supposed to issue as a consequence of the judgment awarding it.}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 City of Bradenton v. State ex rel. Perry}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 160 So. 506, 508 (Fla. 1935) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The very existence of such procedure negates the implication that the two documents, the judgment and the writ, are one in the same.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 We therefore hesitate to dispense with such procedure on the ground of semantics.}{\insrsid7289498 \par }{\insrsid3416176\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [22]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab In light of the relevant local statutes governing the procedure in writ cases, as well as the policies supporting a bright-line rule governing appeals to this court, we herein adopt the procedure of issuing a judgment separate from the writ itself, and decline to create, in this very case, an exception which would act to dilute the rule.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 This is especially so in light of one important aspect of this case.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The Peremptory Writ, issued on July 1, 2003, was not entered on the docket as contemplated under GRAP 4 because a Notice of Entry on Docket was not filed with regard to the Writ.}{\insrsid3416176 }{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Thus, even if we were to treat the Peremptory Writ as a separate judgment under GRCP 58, we nonetheless would lack jurisdiction over this appeal.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Considering tha t jurisdiction would not otherwise lie, we deem it pointless to view the Peremptory Writ as a separate judgment under GRCP 58, and instead hold that in this case, as well as with future cases, }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 it is necessary to enter a formal judgment before the case may be reviewed by an appellate court; and . . . a formal judgment must be rendered as the basis for the peremptory writ before it can issue, and no appeal will lie from a writ as such.}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See State ex rel. Amende}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 205 P.2d at 1214}{ \i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 (citation omitted). \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [23]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab The lower court failed to enter a formal judgment set forth on a separate document in this matter.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Thus, this appeal is premature and must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 See id}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ;}{\i\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 see also Merchant}{ \insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 , 1997 Guam 16 at }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 5 (}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Given the absence of any judgment we cannot and will not exercise jurisdiction in this matter.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 ). \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 III.}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3416176 {\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [24]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab In accordance with the foregoing, we hold that an appeal of the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s grant of a petition for a writ of mandamus must be taken from a final judgment entered on the lower court}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s docket.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 Because no final judgment has been entered in this matter, we lack jurisdiction over the appeal at this time.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GIAA}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 s motion to dismiss the appeal is hereby }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 GRANTED.}{\b\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The appeal is dismissed without prejudice.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid3416176 \par }{\b\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 [25]}{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 \tab In its December 12, 2003 response, GIAA requested sanctions in this matter.}{\insrsid3416176 }{\insrsid7289498\charrsid3416176 The issue of sanctions will be addressed in a separate order. \par }}