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Gov}{\i\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\i\fs20\insrsid15536762 t. of Guam}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid15536762 PAGE } }{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15292869 12}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 of 17 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid15536762 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-9\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15292869 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop0\shpright10800\shpbottom9\shpfhdr1\shpbxpage\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz0\shplockanchor\shplid2049{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fillBackColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fShadow}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxpage\dobypara\dodhgt0\dprect\dpx1440\dpy0\dpxsize9360\dpysize9\dpfillfgcr0\dpfillfgcg0\dpfillfgcb0\dpfillbgcr0\dpfillbgcg0\dpfillbgcb0\dpfillpat1\dplinehollow}}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid15536762 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 MARIANO J.C. MESNGON,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Petitioner-Appellee, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 vs.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 GOVERNMENT OF GUAM, CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Respondent, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 and,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 UNIVERSITY OF GUAM, through DR. DAVID L.G. SHIMIZU, \par CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF REGENTS,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Real Party in Interest-Appellant.}{\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA02-002 }{\v\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Supreme Court Case No.:CVA00\_011}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Superior Court Case No.: SP0080-00}{\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 OPINION}{\insrsid7093634 \par \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Filed:}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 February 3, 2003}{\insrsid7093634 \par \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2003 Guam 3}{\insrsid7093634 \par \par }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on June 18, 2002 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx4200\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5040\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }{\ul\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appearing for Petitioner-Appellee:}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Richard Parker Arens, Esq. \par Cunliffe & Cook \par A Professional Corporation \par Suite 200 \par 210 Archbishop Flores Street \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell \par }{\ul\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appearing for Real Party in Interest-Appellant:}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Marcelene C. Santos \par UOG Legal Counsel \par University of Guam \par UOG Station \par Mangilao, Guam 96923 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx4200\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5040\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Chief Justice}{\cs15\super\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15536762 1}{\insrsid15536762 }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 The signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Pro Tempore}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 .}{\insrsid7093634 \par \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 SIGUENZA, C.J.:}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [1]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Respondent-Appellant University of Guam (hereinafter }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 University}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) appeals the trial court}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision, which held that the Government of Guam Civil Service Commission (hereinafter }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 CSC}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) had jurisdiction to hear the merits of Petitioner-Appellee Mariano J.C. Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s (hereinafter }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) adverse action appeal.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision stemmed from its finding that Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s letter of intent to retire was not an effective resignation and, thus, did not divest the CSC of jurisdiction over Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s appeal.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We reverse the trial court}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [2]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Mesngon worked as a Refrigeration Supervisor, a classified position, for the University for twenty-three years.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On June 4, 1998, the Acting Facilities and Utilities Assistant Manager reported that Mesngon physically assaulted another employee.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On June 18, 1998, Mesngon was served a Notice of Proposed Ad verse Action (hereinafter }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 NPAA}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) and suspended for the June 4th incident.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, pp. 1, 3.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The NP AA informed Mesngon of his right to respond to the charges within ten calendar days.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 However, Mesngon did not respond to the charges within the NPAA. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [3]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab On July 2, 1998, the President of the University met with Mesngon and Mesngon was offered the opportunity to retire or face adverse action proceedings.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon apparently agreed to retire and, on that same day, signed a letter (hereinafter }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 July 2, 1998 letter}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) to the President, which provided in pertinent part: }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I have decided to retire effective Friday, July 17, 1998 (COB)}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 .}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 5.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Also on that date, Mesngon sent a letter to the Government of Guam Retirement Fund Director, which expressed: }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I wish to retire from my employment with the Government of Guam effective, July 17, 1998 (COB).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This is to request your office}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s assistance to determine my eligibility for retirement.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 4.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 To assist Mesngon in his retirement and to help him obtain potentially more retirement benefits, on July 31, 1998, the University processed two salary increments for Mesngon that had been previously frozen.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Brief, pp. 7, 8.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On July 30, 1998, the President sent Mesngon a letter reminding him of their }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 agree[ment] that Mesngon would be allowed to retire, in lieu of [the President] issuing the adverse action.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 8 (Pres. Nededog}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Ltr., July 30, 1998). \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [4]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab On July 31, 1998, Mesngon met with a Retirement Fund official and was informed that he would receive about 30.57 percent of his annual salary.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 11 (Mesngon Ltr, July 31, 1998).}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On August 10, 1998, a date surpassing the sixty-day limitations period when the University could issue Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s adverse action, Mesngon informed the President that he chose not to retire for financial reasons.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 12 (Mesngon Ltr., Aug. 10, 1998).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On August 11, 1998, Mesngon was informed by letter from the Acting President that he did not have the option of returning to work and that he had until the following day to inform the Acting President of his retirement.}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 13 (Gutherz Ltr., Aug. 11, 1998). \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [5]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Mesngon did not reply to the Acting President}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s demand, and on August 14, 1998, was served another NPAA for dishonesty, absence without leave, disobedience and failure of good behavior.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p.14 (Nededog Ltr., Aug. 14, 1998).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On August 17, 1998, Mesngon responded in writing to the NPAA.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 16 (Mesngon Ltr., Aug. 17, 1998).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On August 25, 1998, the President issued a Notice of Adverse Action dismissing Mesngon from employment effective that date.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 18 (Notice of Adverse Action, Aug. 25, 1998).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On September 11, 1998, Mes ngon appealed his dismissal to the CSC.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 21 (Mesngon CSC Appeal, Sept. 11, 1998). \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [6]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab On February 2, 1999, Mesngon filed a Motion to Void Adverse Action, arguing primarily that t he University was time-barred from dismissing him because the infractions occurred on June 4, 1998.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 25 (Motion to Void Adverse Action, Feb. 2, 1999).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The CSC denied this motion.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 50 (Decision and Order, April 27, 1999).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On April 14, 1999, the University filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction, arguing that Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s retirement letter of July 2, 1998 was essentially a resignation from employment and that Mesngon had withdrawn himself from the jurisdiction of the CSC.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 46 (Motion to Dismiss, April 14, 1999).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Interestingly, Counsel for the University attempted to withdraw the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 49 (Santos Ltr., April 27, 1999).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Nonetheless, the CSC considered the University}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s motion and on February 3, 2000 dismissed Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s appeal for lack of jurisdiction.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 62 (Decision and Judgment, Feb. 3, 2000).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The CSC held that Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s retirement letter, under the totality of the circumstances, was a letter of resignation.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, p. 61 (Decision and Judgment, Feb. 3, 2000). \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [7]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab On April 20, 2000, Mesngon filed a Verified Petition for Judicial Review in the Superior Court.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 1 (Amended Verified Petition for Judicial Review, April 20, 2000).}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 On November 16, 2001, the trial court issued its Decision and Order finding that}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s letter of intent to retire was not a resignation, and that the CSC did have jurisdiction over Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s appeal.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court remanded the case to the CSC for a hearing on the merits.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 2, p. 15 (Decision and Order, Nov. 16, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University appealed the trial court}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 II.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [8]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab We have jurisdiction over a final judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 3107 (1994).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We review questions of statutory interpretation }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 de novo}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 .}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 See Ada v. Gutierrez,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2000 Guam 22, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 10.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The issue of whether the CSC has jurisdiction is a matter of statutory interpretation, and, therefore, our review is }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 de novo}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 .}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Univ. of Guam v. Civil Serv. Comm}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 n (Foley)}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 2002 Guam 4, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 5. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 III.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [9]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The central issue in this appeal, whether the July 2, 1998 letter should be enforced against Mesngon, thereby divesting the CSC of jurisdiction over Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s adverse ac tion appeal, turns on our resolution of whether the July 2, 1998 letter was an illusory promise or if it was an effective resignation.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 A.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Illusory Promise}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [10]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The first issue we address is whether the trial court erred in determining that the July 2, 1998 letter was an illusory promise.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 An illusory promise is defined as }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 one that is so indefinite that it cannot be enforced, or by its terms makes performance optional or entirely discretionary on the part of the promisor.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Lane v. Wahl, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 6 P.3d 621, 624 (Wash. Ct. App. 2000).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Moreover, an illusory promise }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 is insufficient consideration to support enforcement of a return promise.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id.;}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Ridge Runner Forestry v. Veneman}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 287 F.3d 1058, 1061 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [I]llusory promise is . . .}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 words in promissory form that promise nothing; they do not purport to put any limitation on the freedom of the alleged promisor, but leave his future action subject to his own future will, just as it would have been had he said no words at all.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) (citations omitted).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court held that the July 2, 1998 letter was an illusory promise because, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [Mesngon] could properly rescind this expressed intent to retire, as he did after exploring his retirement options.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab. 2, pp. 13-14 (Decision and Order, Nov. 16, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court found that no agreement between Mesngon and the University existed despite Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 undisputed}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 intent to retire.}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab. 2, p. 14 (Decision and Order, Nov. 16, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We disagree.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Our examination of the record before us, particularly focusing on the transcripts and the July 2, 1998 letter, demonstrates that the trial court incorrectly held that the letter was a mere illusory promise that was so }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 indefinite}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 that it promised nothing. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [11]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The record indicates that the July 2, 1998 letter arose during Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s meeting with the President on July 2, 1998.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This meeting was called by the President as a result of Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s failure to answer the NPAA on June 18, 1998.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The NPAA clearly provided that Mesngon had }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ten (10) calendar days to answer the charges contained in the written notice of the proposed action.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 1, exhibit 1-2.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Upon Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s failure to respond during the ten-day time frame, the University could have issued the Notice of Final Adverse Action, but chose instead to invite Mesngon to a meeting.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Transcripts, pp. 30, 40 (Motion on Oral Arguments for Judicial Review, Nov. 6, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 During that meeting, in consideration of Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s twenty-three years of service for the University, the President provided Mesngon with an option either to retire or have a Notice of Final Adverse Action issued against him.}{\cs15\super\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid15536762 \chftn }{\insrsid15536762 }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 Moreover, aside from providing Mesngon with the option to retire, the University also processed Mesngon}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 s previously frozen increments to increase Mesngon}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 s overall salary. Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid15536762 s Brief, pp. 15-16. The processing of the last increment even resulted in an oversight wherein Mesngon }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid15536762 was given an additional two (2) weeks of administrative leave in order to process the last increment.}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 s Brief, p. 16. }{\insrsid15536762 }}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Transcripts, pp. 40-41 (Motion on Oral Arguments for Judicial Review, Nov. 6, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s signature on the two documents that the University prepared was indicative of Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision to retire.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The first document, dated July 2, 1998 and addressed to Mr. John E. Rios, provided:}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I wish to retire from my employment with the Government of Guam effective, July 17, 1998 (COB).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This is to request your office}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s assistance to determine my eligibility for retirement.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I understand I will fall under the optional retirement plan if I have less than 25 years of creditable service.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 For your information, I have accumulated a total of 1,088 hours of leave (390 annual; 698 sick) as of the pay period ending June 20, 1998 (copy of check stub enclosed). \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I have authorized the Human Resources Office at the University of Guam to handle the processing of my retirement documents.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Please direct all information and inquiries to that office.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Should you wish to discuss the matter further, you may contact Ms. Elizabeth Martinez at 735-2355. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 2, exhibit 3 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The second document, also dated July 2, 1998, was a memorandum addressed to the President of the University and provided:}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I have decided to retire effective Friday, July 17, 1998}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (COB).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This will allow the Retirement Fund enough time to determine my creditable years of service and other issues pertaining to the retirement process.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Because I will have less than 25 years of service (including my accumulated sick and annual leave), I will fall under the optional retirement plan. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The Human Resources Office will handle the processing of my retirement documents and will be in contact with the Retirement Fund. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Thank you for giving me the opportunity to be a part of the University of Guam under your administration}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpt}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s of Record, tab 2, exhibit 4 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Contrary to the trial court}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s holding, this July 2, 1998 letter addressed to the President of the University was not an illusory promise that only evidenced Mesngon }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s intent to retire.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Rather the letter illustrates not only Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision to retire but also sets forth a definite date of the retirement.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The finality of the letter is reflected by the last sentence, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Thank you for giving me the opportunity to be a part of the University of Guam under your administration.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpt}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s of Record, tab 2, exhibit 4.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [12]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The record further reveals that there was }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 a real consideration for the relinquishment}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 of Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s position.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 See State ex rel. Kraft v. City of Massillon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 102 N.E.2d 39, 41 (Ohio Ct. App. 1951) (holding that }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 the acts of the relator justified the muni cipal authorities in refusing to restore him to duty, and that reliance of authorities upon his resignation in filling the vacancy, estopped the relator from withdrawing his resignation.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The case of }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 City of Chicago ex rel. Martin-Trigona v. O}{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Malley}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 372 N.E.2d 671 (Ill. 1978), is persuasive in this respect.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 O}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Malley}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , the court found that a board member}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s announcement during a board meeting that, }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We ought to all return to the Government that appointed us and tender to them our resignation.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Thank you very much, it}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s been nice to be with you, and that}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s what I intend to do at this moment,}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 only reflected the member}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 announce[ment] [of] his intention to tender his resignation.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 O}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Malley}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 672, 674.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In contrast, the court held that the member}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s letter to the mayor, which provided: }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 With sincere regret, but hopefully with understanding on your part, I today tender my resignation as a Director of the Regional Transportation Authority effective at your convenience}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 was a }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 clear tender of resignation effective . . . . at the mayor}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s convenience.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id. }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 673, 674. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [13]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab We are also instructed by the case of }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Davidson v. Hanging Rock}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 647 N.E.2d 527 (Ohio Ct. App. 1994), where the court was faced with the issue of }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 whether [a] . . . letter was a resignation letter or a mere application for retirement benefits.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Davidson }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 533.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Davidson}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , the court found that the appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s letter, which contained the sentence, }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I hereby make application for Retirement}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 was an }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 inten[t] to resign without regard to whether he would be eligible for retirement benefits.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 528, 531.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The court, therefore, denied appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s claim for reinstatement to his former position as chief of police.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 533.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Similar to the }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 City of Chicago}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 and }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Davidson}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 cases, Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s July 2, 1998 letter was not an illusory promise to retire.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 B.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Resignation}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [14]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The next issue we address is whether the trial court erred in reversing the CSC}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s finding that the July 2, 1998 letter was an effective resignation.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s decision was grounded on its findings that (1) resignation and retirement are not synonymous terms; and, (2) the President is not the proper appointing authority to accept resignations.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 As we explain below, we find that the trial court erred in finding that the July 2, 1998 letter was not an effective resignation. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 1.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Resignation v. Retirement}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [15]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The trial court held that resignation and retirement are not synonymous terms and that the }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 distinctions}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 between the two }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 are consequential and even decisive in the instant matter.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 2, p. 11 (Decision and Order, Nov. 16, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The trial court}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s holding was based on two provisions found in the Guam Code Annotated.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The first provision is Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2103.6(a), which describes the components of resignation as: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 A resignation from any position shall be in }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 writing}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Resignation Letter}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) and }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 directed to the appointing authority}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , and shall, by its terms, be effective immediately or on a date certain. If no effective date is indicated, it shall be effective upon delivery to the appointing authority. Upon receipt by the appointing au thority of any such Resignation Letter, the appointing authority may make the resignation effective immediately or sooner than the effective date in the Resignation Letter. Such resignation shall be effective according to its terms unless the appointing a u thority, at its discretion, makes the resignation effective immediately or at sometime sooner than the Resignation Letter. If the position involved requires the advice and consent of the Legislature, the appointing authority shall immediately after receip t of the Resignation Letter forward a copy of such Resignation Letter to the Speaker of the Legislature. Once such a Resignation Letter is delivered to the appointing authority, it may not be later withdrawn by the resigning person }{ \b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 without}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 the consent of the appointing authority. Acceptance of such resignation by the appointing authority is not required for the resignation to become effective. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2103.6(a) (1994) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The second provision is Title 4 G.C.A. 8201(j), which defines retirement as: }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [A] member}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s withdrawal from the active employment of a participating employer and completion of all conditions precedent to such withdrawal. . . .}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Title 4 GCA 8201(j) (1996).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 After examining the statutes that govern retirement and resignation in public employment, we are unpersuaded by the trial court}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s reliance on sections 2103.6(a) and 8201(j) in creating a distinction between resignation and retirement when determining if the CSC has jurisdiction to hear the merits of an employee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s adverse action appeal. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [16]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab For the purpose of ascertaining whether the CSC has jurisdiction to hear a claimant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s appeal, we find that retirement and resignation are not distinct terms.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 From a practical perspective, retirement and resignation achieve a similar result, which is the relinquishment or termination of one}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s position.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This principle is reflected in the following definitions of resignation and retirement found in Black}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Law Dictionary:}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Resignation is defined as }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 1.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The act or an instance of surrendering or relinquishing an office, right, or claim. }{ \b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 A formal notification of relinquishing an office or position.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Black}{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Law Dictionary}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 1311 (7th ed. 1999); Retirement is defined as }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 1.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Voluntary termination of one}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s own employment or career, esp. upon reaching a certain age.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 }{ \scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Black}{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Law Dictionary 1317}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (7th ed. 1999).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [17]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Other sources also support the proposition that the terms are interchangeable.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 See Davidson}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 647 N.E.2d at 528, 530-31 (finding that the statement }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 I hereby make application for }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Retirement}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 - Effective 4-16-90 [}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 sic}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 was an effective }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 resignation}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 that could no longer be withdrawn once accepted) (emphasis added);}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 see also }{\scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Employment Coordinator current through 5/10/2002 supplement}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Since mandatory retirement is allowed only in rare cases, retirements are really just voluntary resignations.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ); Marion K. MacDonald, Note, }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Establishment Clause Challenge to Mandatory Religious Accommodation in the Workplace}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 36 }{ \scaps\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Hastings L.J.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 121, 124 n.31 (1984) (}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The term }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 termination}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 refers to any employment separation, whether voluntary or involuntary.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 A resignation or retirement is a voluntary termination of employment.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) (citing to ASP A HANDBOOK OF PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 4-228 (D. Yoder, H. Heneman eds. 1979)).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 From the dictionary definitions of both terms, it would be a fair implication that retirement is subsumed under the umbrella definition of resignation. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [18]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Moreover, we disagree with the trial court}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s application of 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8201(j) as the proper definition of the word retirement in the present case.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Section 8201(j) is applicable to Article 2 retirees or those who fall under the Defined Contribution Retirement Plan of Title 4.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon, on the other hand, is an Article 1 retiree, who falls under the Defined Benefits Plan.}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University correctly notes that section 8201 qualifies the applicability of the definitions found within its provision to Article 2 retirees, as reflected by the introductory sentence that the definitions are }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [a]s used in this article}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , unless the context otherwise requires.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8201 (1996) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Additionally, the distinction between Article 1 and Article 2 retirees is reflected by the existence under both Articles of two different procedures and qualifications of the retirees.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [19]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab For an Article 1 retiree like Mesngon, Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8119 describes the process of retirement as the following: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Retirement.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 With respect to any member who joined the Fund prior to October 1, 1981: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (a) He or she may retire on a service retirement annuity, upon written application to and approval by the Board; provided that such member shall have attained at least sixty (60) years of age or fifty-five (55) years of age in the case of a member of the uniformed personnel and shall have completed at least ten (10) years of total service; \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 . . . . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (e) At his option, whether active or inactive, he or she may retire after twenty (20) years of service regardless of age.}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The retirement annuity for any employee or member described in this Paragraph shall be reduced one quarter (1/4) of one percent (1%) of each month such employee or member is under the age of sixty (60) years, from the amount determined for such employee or member as hereinafter provided. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8119(a), (e) (1996).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In contrast, for an Article 2 retiree, Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8211(a) is the applicable statute and describes a slightly distinct procedure: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 At any time after a member reaches the age of fifty-five (55) years and has completed five (5) years of employment service for ve sting purposes or reaches the normal retirement age of sixty-five (65), that person may elect to receive retirement benefits by notifying the Board or its designee in writing of such intention not less than sixty (60) days prior to the effective date of r etirement.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Retirement payments shall commence as soon as practicable after retirement in accordance with the Defined Contribution Retirement System Plan and Trust Agreement. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 8211(a) (1996).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In sum, we hold that for the purpose of determining whether the CSC has jurisdiction to hear an employee}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s appeal, retirement and resignation are not distinct terms. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Proper Appointing Authority}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [20]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Having found that resignation and retirement are synonymous, we next address whether the President had the authority to receive the resignation in light of 4 GCA }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2103.6(a),}{\cs15\super\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid15536762 \chftn }{\insrsid15536762 }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 We also note 4 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 2103.6 (c), which provides: \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid15536762 A Resignation Letter by any officer or employee of the government of Guam, its agencies and instrumentalities, which is directed to the Governor }{ \i\fs20\insrsid15536762 or directed to any of the person's supervisors}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 shall be treated as a non-revocable resignation as if it had been directed to an appointing authority. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid15536762 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid15536762 Title 4 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 2103.6 (c) (1994) (emphasis added). Although neither of the parties cited this pro vision in their briefs, during oral arguments, the University noted the provision and argued that the July 2, 1998 letter is not defeated because it was not addressed to the Vice-President. The University asserted because the President is every Universit y employee}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid15536762 s supervisor, the July 2, 1998 letter was an effective resignation.}{\insrsid15536762 }}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 which mandates that the resignation be }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 directed to the appointing authority.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Title 4 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2103.6(a)}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 According to the trial court, in light of 17 GCA }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16108, even if the letter }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 is construed as a letter of resignation, it was procedurally defective because it was submitted to the [President of the University] and not the . . . Vice-President.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab. 2, pp. 13 (Decision and Order, Nov. 16, 2001).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Section 16108 provides in pertinent part: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 President, Academic Officers, and Faculty of the University.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The President, on the recommenda tions of appropriate administrators and guided by the recommendations of Search Committees, shall appoint faculty and administrators, such as may be necessary to fulfill the mission and purposes of the University. }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The Vice Presidents, on the recommendation of the appropriate administrators, shall appoint non-academic staff in accordance with Civil Service procedures, such as may be necessary to fulfill the mission and purposes of the University. }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 While the authority of the Board to establish overall policy guiding the University shall not be diminished, the implementation of the expressed policy of the Board shall be vested in both the Administrative Officers and the Faculty through the collegial instrumentalities traditional in University affairs. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Title 17 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16108 (1996) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Although section 16108 appears to grant Vice-Presidents exclusive authority to appoint non-academic staff, Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s July 2, 1998 letter was not procedurally defective because it was addressed to the President.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Board of Regents adopted Resolution No. 97-10 on March 20, 1997.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Entitled }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Relative to Authorizing the President to Approve all Hiring at the University of Guam,}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 the Resolution provides in relevant part: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, the Board of Regents has adopted the hiring procedures for classified and unclassified staff personnel; and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, the Human Resources Office evaluates each application, administers the examination, determines the applicant}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s eligibility and score, and arranges a date and time of interview with the pertinent administrator; and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, the head of the hiring unit recommends for appointment from the Eligibility List to the appropriate Vice President who currently has the authority to either approve or disapprove the recommendations; and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, the President may not be made aware of the individual qualifications of candidates prior to the approval or disapproval by the appropriate Vice President; and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, the hiring of personnel is a critical function that impacts on the President}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s authority for the administrative operations of the University of Guam; and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 WHEREAS, it is necessary that the President is made aware of ind ividual qualifications being hired to perform functions in support of the total mission of the University of Guam. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 that the President shall approve all hiring of classified and unclassified staff personnel for the University of Guam}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 4 (Resolution) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 From the above Resolution, the Board of Regents conferred to the President the power to approve }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 all hiring of classified and unclassified staff personnel.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Excerpts of Record, tab 4 (Resolution).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The conferral of such power to the President by the Board of Regents is supported by both statute and caselaw.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [21]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Statutorily, Title 17 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16108 allows the Board of Regents to }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 estab lish personnel rules and regulations guiding selection, employment, salary and other compensations, promotion, performance evaluation, disciplinary action, and all other conditions of work.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 17 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16108.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Moreover, section 16104.1 provides in pertinent part:}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The Board [of Regents] shall set the policies governing the duties, conditions of employment, compensation, salary and emoluments, of }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 all employees}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 of the University as herein provided. . . . }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The Board shall have the authority to delegate such of its powers as it may deem appropriate}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , but shall retain the ultimate responsibility for the exercise of its powers.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par Title 17 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16104.1 (1996) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Thus, the Board}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s resolution is not in contravention of 17 GCA }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 16108.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [22]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Moreover, caselaw also supports the proposition that the acceptance of a resignation can be delegated.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 American Federation of Teachers v. Board of Education}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 166 Cal. Rptr. 89, 107 Cal. App. 3d 829 (Ct. App. 1980), the court first noted that }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [a]s a genera l rule, powers conferred upon public agencies and officers which involve the exercise of judgment or discretion are in the nature of public trusts and cannot be surrendered or delegated to subordinates in the absence of statutory authorization.}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Am. Fed.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 92, 107 Cal .App. 3d at 834 (quotations and citations omitted).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 However, the court also expressed that }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 public agencies may delegate the performance of ministerial tasks, . . . .}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 . (quotations and citations omitted).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The court went on to hold that acceptance of a resignation was a ministerial act and could therefore be delegated.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Id.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 at 94-95, 107 Cal. App. 3d at 838-39; }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Sinkevich v. Sch. Comm. of Raynham}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 530 N.E.2d 173, 175 (Mass. 1988)}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 (}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In receiving such a resignation, the superintendent simply performs a ministerial act.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ).}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [23]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab In essence, we find that the President was properly conferred with the authority to receive the July 2, 1998 letter.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Consequently, we hold that the July 2, 1998 letter represented a valid resignation.}{\cs15\super\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid15536762 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15536762 Because we find that the July 2, 1998 letter was a valid letter of resignation, it is unnecessary for us to address the issue raised by the University of whether the doctrine of promissory estoppel applies.}{\insrsid15536762 \par }}}{\insrsid15536762 \par }{\insrsid7093634\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 C.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Enforceability of Resignation }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [24]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab Because we construe the July 2, 1998 letter to be a valid letter of resignation, we must resolve the issue of whether the letter should be enforced against Mesngon based on the two challenges he avers against its enforceability: (1) his withdrawal of the resignation; and (2) the University}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s alleged coercive acts, which forced him to sign the letter. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 1.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Withdrawal of the Resignation}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [25]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The first challenge that Mesngon offers against the enforceability of the July 2, 1998 letter is that he effectively withdrew the resignation on August 10, 1998, prior to its acceptance by the University.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University disputes Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s claim by asserting that Mesngon could not have withdrawn his resignation on August 10, 1998 because it was after the effective date of the letter of resignation and }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 after the President acted in reliance on the resignation.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Appellant}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s Brief, p. 17.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We agree with the University in this regard. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [26]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab We are guided by a case cited by both parties and relied upon by the CSC, }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Armistead v. State Personnel Board}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 583 P.2d 744, 149 Cal. Rptr. 1 (Ct. App. 1978), where the court held that }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 unless valid enactments provide otherwise, an employee is entitled to withdraw a resignation if she or he does so (1) before its effe ctive date, (2) before it has been accepted, and (3) before the appointing power acts in reliance on the resignation.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Armistead}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 583 P.2d at 748, 149 Cal. Rptr. at 5; }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 see also Davis v. Marion County Eng}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 r}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ., 573 N.E.2d 51, 55-56 (Ohio 1991) (}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 withdrawal of resignation after . . . employment was actually relinquished would not be valid, and that the doctrine of estoppel could b e invoked against the public employee, since the public employer relied upon the resignation . . . .}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ) (citing to }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 State ex rel. Kraft}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 102 N.E.2d at 39).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In the instant matter, the July 2, 1998 letter delineated July 17, 1998 as the effective date of the resignation.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University had until August 3, 1998 to issue an adverse action against Mesngon.}{ \insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The University not only provided M esngon the opportunity to retire, but also further accommodated him through the application of two increments, which resulted in Mesngon being included on the payroll beyond the July 17, 1998 date.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Mesngon did not notify the University of his desire not to retire until August 10, 1998.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Under the tri-partite test outlined in }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Armistead}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 above, Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s August 10th notification was insufficient to act as an effective withdrawal.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 At that point, Mesngon was preclude d from withdrawing his resignation because: (1) his alleged withdrawal occurred beyond the effective date of the resignation; (2) the University had already accepted the resignation; and (3) the President acted in reliance of the resignation, illustrated by a non-timely filing of an adverse action.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 See Armistead}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 503 P.2d at 748, 149 Cal. Rptr. at 5; }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 see also Booth v. Argenbright} {\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 731 P.2d 1318, 1322 (Mont. 1987) (holding that }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [t]he School Board did not need to formally accept the resignation because it had already decided to terminate [the employee] and made the offer to spare her formal termination proceedings.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 ).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Accordingly, we hold that the enforceability of the J uly 2, 1998 letter of resignation is not defeated by Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s alleged withdrawal on August 10, 1998. \par }{\b\insrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \fi1440\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 2.}{\b\insrsid7093634 }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Coercion \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [27]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab The second challenge that Mesngon raises to preclude the enforceability of the July 2, 1998 letter is Mesngon}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s allegations that the University violated due process and CSC rules by coercing him to retire.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Employee resignations are presumed to be voluntary.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 This presumption will prevail unless . . . [the employee] comes forward with sufficient evidence to establish that the resignation was involuntarily extracted.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7093634 }{\i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Christie v. United States }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 518 F.2d 584, 587 (Ct. Cl. 1975).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 In the present case, neither the CSC nor the Superior Court made a finding on coercion.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 We exhaustively reviewed the record and fail to find sufficient evidence that would support a holding that Mesngon was coerced into resigning or that would warrant remanding the matter for a finding on the issue.}{\insrsid7093634 }{ \i\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Staats v. United States Postal Service}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 , 99 F.3d 1120, 1124 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (noting the }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 demanding legal standard}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 that must be satisfied to overcome the presumption of voluntariness in a resignation).}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Therefore, we hold that the July 2, 1998 letter was an effective resignation. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 IV.}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7093634 {\b\insrsid7093634 \par }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 [28]}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 \tab We find that the July 2, 1998 letter was not an illusory promise and that it was an effective resignation.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Moreover, we find that the July 2, 1998 letter is enforceable against Mesngon.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 Accordingly, we hold that the CSC did not have jurisdiction to hear the merits of Mesngon}{ \insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 s adverse action appeal.}{\insrsid7093634 }{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 The decision of the trial court is }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 REVERSED}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 and the case is }{\b\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 REMANDED}{\insrsid15536762\charrsid7093634 for the trial court to enter judgment affirming the decision of the CSC. \par }}