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{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\author lroberto}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo8\dy12\hr9\min5}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy10\hr11\min19}{\version4}{\edmins2}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords3114}{\nofchars17755}{\*\company Superior Court of Guam}
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\f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 People v. Guerrero, }{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {
\f39\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5315474 8}}}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956  of 11
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\f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 v.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 DANNY F. GUERRERO}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par Defendant-Appellant.}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Supreme Court Case No. CRA01-004
\par Superior Court Case No. CM1059-98}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Filed:}{\b\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 August 27, 2003}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 2003 Guam 18}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on April 7, 2003
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 :
\par James Casey
\par Rosetta L San Nicolas
\par Assistant Attorneys General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par General Crimes Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Ctr. Bldg.
\par 120 W O}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Brien Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell 
\par }{\f0\ul\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 :
\par Curtis C. Van de Veld, Esq.
\par The Van de Veld Law Offices, P.C.
\par Suite 215, 194 Hernan Cortes Ave.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Pro Tempore.}{\i\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 :
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [1]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Defendant-Appellant Danny Flores Guerrero (hereinafter }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
) was convicted of the misdemeanor crime of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol. On appeal, Guerrero challenges his conviction on the following three grounds: (1) improper curtailment during his defense counsel}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Guam Police Department Officer Manuel Chong (hereinafter }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 ); (2
) insufficiency of the evidence; and (3) inconsistent verdicts. We find that none of the grounds advanced by Guerrero warrants a reversal of his conviction and affirm the judgment.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 I.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
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\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [2]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab At approximately 2:30 in the morning of April 14, 1998, while insid
e a marked police vehicle, Officer Chong observed a gray Toyota Forerunner veering off the roadway by the Tamuning Route 14 Shell Gas Station, between two power poles, and almost colliding into one of the poles. The Forerunner reversed back onto Route 14 
a
nd accelerated towards the Tumon area, while executing two 360 degree turns. Although the driver eventually regained control of the vehicle while proceeding towards the Tumon area, Officer Chong noted that the vehicle was constantly fish-tailing. Officer 
Chong eventually pulled the vehicle over, and the operator identified himself as Guerrero.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [3]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Officer Chong perceived that Guerrero was driving while under the influence of alcohol. Not only did Officer Chong note that Guerrero emitted a ve
ry strong odor of alcoholic beverages through his mouth and nose, but also that Guerrero had glassy and bloodshot eyes and a slurred speech. Moreover, when Guerrero exited his vehicle, he had to lean onto the vehicle for support. When Officer Chong asked 
G
uerrero if he had been drinking, Guerrero admitted that he had consumed seven beers. After Guerrero indicated that he did not have any physical ailments that would possibly impair his performance on a set of tests to determine if he was impaired, Officer 
Chong then performed a battery of three tests as part of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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Apparently, the Standardized Field Sobriety Test, consists of three phases. The first phase is the vehicle-in-motion where the officer observes a vehicle for po
ssible violations. The second phase is the personal contact, wherein the officer approaches the vehicle and determines whether the driver is displaying any indications of impairment. The third phase is the pre-arrest screening, which consists of the Horiz
ontal Gaze Nystagmus, Walk-and-Turn, and One Leg Stand tests. Transcript. pp. 96-97 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000).}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 The first test performed, namely the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, tests the eyes of the driver for any involuntary jerkiness. Transcri
pt, pp. 96-97 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). The second test, the Walk-and-Turn Test, is a test where the individual is instructed to take nine steps down a line, turn a certain way, and take nine steps back. Transcript, pp. 96-97 (Jury Selection
 
& Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). The third test, the One Leg Stand Test, is when an individual is instructed to stand and raise a foot of choice off the ground, toe pointing forward, knee straight, hands to the side, and then count from one to thirty while in this
 
manner. Transcript, pp. 96-97 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). Officer Chong determined that Guerrero failed all three tests, and was therefore impaired. Guerrero was taken to the police precinct and was read his Constitutional rights. Officer Chon
g then gave Guerrero the opportunity to take a breathalyzer test; however, because Guerrero became belligerent, no such test was ever given. Transcript, pp. 127-128 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [4]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab On July 28, 1998, the People of Guam (hereinafter }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
) filed a complaint and charged Guerrero with Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol (As a Misdemeanor), in violation of Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 18102(a), and Imprudent Driving (As a Petty Misdemeanor), in violation of Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 3301(a) and }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
9108. A jury trial was held on August 9-10, 2000. On August 11, 2000, the jury thereafter returned a verdict of guilty to the charge of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol (As a Misdemeanor) and a verdict of not guilty as to the Imprudent Driving
 charge. Guerrero was sentenced on September 1, 2000. 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 On August 3, 2001, the judgment was entered on the docket and Guerrero filed a Notice of Appeal on August 13, 2001.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
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Originally, Guerrero filed a Notice of Appeal (CRA00-007) on September 11, 2000, however, because a Judgment was not filed until September 20, 2000, the appeal was dismissed on July27, 2001 due to the lack of finality of the judgment.}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 II.}{\b\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [5]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal from a final judgment. Title 8 GCA }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 130.15(a) (1993) and Title 7 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 3107, 3108(a) (1994).
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 III.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [6]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab In this appeal, we address the three grounds, which Guerrero advances to challenge his conviction, namely, the improper curtailment during his defense counsel}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong, insufficiency of the evidence and inconsistent verdicts.

\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 A.}{\b\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Cross-Examination}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [7]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab The first issue we address is whether the trial court improperly curtailed the defense counsel}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong regarding the educational qualifications of his instructor at the Pacific Rim Vehicular Homicide/DUI Seminar. }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
The scope of cross-examination lies in the discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed unless there is a manifest abuse of discretion.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Santos, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 2003 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  28 (citations and quotations omitted). }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 The trial court does not abuse its discretion in the admission or exclusion of evidence so long as the court}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s ruling falls within the zone of reasonable disagreement.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{
\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Smith v. State, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 65 S.W.3d 332, 340 (Tex. Crim. App. Ct. 2001) (internal quotations and citations omitted). In }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Santos}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , this court examined the trial court}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s broad discretion during cross-examination as reflected in section 611 of the Guam Rules of Evidence, which provides in pertinent part:
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Mode and Order of Interrogation and Presentation.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 (a) Control by court.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  The court shall exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of interr
ogating witnesses and presenting evidence so as to (1) make the interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) avoid needless consumption of time, and (3) protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 (b) Scope of cross-examination.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 Cross-examination should be limited to the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the credibility of the witness. The court may, in the exercise of discretion, permit inquiry into additional matters as if on direct examination.

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par Title 6 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
611 1(a), (b) (1994); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Santos}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2003 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  28. More importantly, in }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Santos}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , this court set forth the balancing between a }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 trial court}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s broad discretion to preclude repetitive and unduly harassing interrogation,}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  and }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 a defendant}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  in determining whether a trial court has improperly curtailed the cross-examination of a witness. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Santos}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2003 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  28 (quotations and citations omitted).}{
\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [8]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab In the case at bar, Guerrero argues that the trial court improperly curtailed his defense counsel}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong when the court precluded questions regarding the educational qualifications of Daniel T. Gilbert (hereinafter }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Mr. Gilbert}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 ), Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s instructor at the Pacific Rim Vehicular Homicide/DUI Seminar for the Northw
estern University Traffic Institute. Guerrero maintains that as a result of such curtailment, defense counsel was unable to properly challenge Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s testimony regarding his knowledge of the Standardized
 Field Sobriety Test. We disagree. As the following discussion reflects, the trial court did not abuse its discretion during defense counsel}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [9]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab First, the trial court properly sustained the People}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s objection regarding Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s knowledge of his instructor}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s educational qualifications. The only purpose for defense counsel}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s question was to demonstrate that the instructor was not a medical doctor. Although defense counsel admitted that }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [he] was not saying [Mr. Gilbert is] not qualified to give a seminar, because anyone of course can do that,}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  defense counsel sought to demonstrate that Mr. Gilbert had no scientific training regarding the physical e
ffects of alcohol because he was only a Juris Doctor. Transcript, p. 155 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). The trial judge, however, explained to defense counsel that }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 I}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
m not going to allow you to use this witness here to testify regarding Gilbert, unless you bring in some other witness}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  and }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [t]hat doesn}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 t - that doesn}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 t tell me that he}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s not qualified to give a certificate, or to give a seminar, the fact that he does not have an M.D.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Transcript, p. 155 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 see Smith, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 65 S.W.3d at 341 (noting that }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [t]he question of whether a witness offered as an expert possesses the required qualifications rests largely in the trial court}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s discretion.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 ). Moreover, we are unable to find in either Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s brief or in the trial transcript any support for Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s contention that only a medical doctor is qualified to instruct individuals regarding the Standardized Field Sobriety Test.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [10]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Additionally, even assuming that Mr. Gilbert}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s twenty-four hour seminar was insufficient to provide Officer Chong with the proper knowledge in detecting signs that an individual was under the influence of alcohol, Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s knowledge regarding the Standardized Field Sobriety Test was not exclusive to that seminar. Officer Chong, in fact, admitted during cross-examination, that he did not rely upon Mr. Gilbert}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s seminar to qualify him to perform the Standardized Field Sobriety Test. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
Transcript, p.157 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). This would further evidence how Mr. Gilbert}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s educational background was irrelevant in ascertaining Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s knowledge regarding the Standardized Field Sobriety Test.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f39\super\insrsid6303956 \chftn }{\f39\insrsid6303956  }{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 It appears from the record that Officer Chong relied on another seminar that he attended, entitled }{
\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 War on Ice, DUI Vehicular Homicide,}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956  to qualify him on the Standardized Field Sobriety Test. Transcript, pp.95-96 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000)}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [11]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Second, assuming }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 arguendo}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 that we find that the trial court should have allowed the defense counsel to delve into the educational background of Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s seminar instructor, after conducting a thorough review of the trial transcript, we agree with the People}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s contention that Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s defense was not prejudiced. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Santos}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2003 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 34. We find especially significant the fact that defense counsel was well-versed in the subject of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test, and thus, was able to posit questions that effectively challenged the actual substance of Officer Chong}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s knowledge regarding the Standardized Field Sobriety Test.}{
\cs15\f0\super\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f39\super\insrsid6303956 \chftn }{
\f39\insrsid6303956  }{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 Defense counsel had a great advantage in ascertaining Officer Chong}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f39\fs20\insrsid6303956 
s knowledge regarding the DUI seminar because defense counsel attended the same seminar. Transcript, p.149 (Jury Selection & Trial Aug. 9, 2000).}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Defense counsel, for example, disputed Officer Chong}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s understand
ing of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test and whether the officer conducted the test correctly. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 Transcript, pp. 159-170 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). In essence, if the purpose of defense counsel}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s cross-examination was to demonstrate whether or not Officer Chong had the proper understanding and background to conduct the Standardized Field Sobriety Test, he was able to do so even though he was precluded from asking questions regarding the instruct
or}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s qualifications. We also note that since Officer Chong testified that he did not rely on Mr. Gilbert}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s seminar to qualify him to perform the sobriety test, allowing the question could not have benefited the defense}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s case. Thus, its disallowance did not prejudice Guerrero.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [12]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab In sum, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion during defense counsel}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 B.}{\b\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Insufficiency of Evidence}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [13]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab We next address Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s assertion that there was insufficient evidence to support the jury}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s guilty verdict on the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge. }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction,}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  this court inquires as to }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
whether the evidence in the record could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Sangalang, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 2001 Guam 18,}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  20 (citations omitted); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Reyes, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 1998 Guam 32, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  7; }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Leon Guerrero, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 2001 Guam 19, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  32. Because }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 this is a highly deferential standard of review,}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [w]hen a criminal defendant asserts that there is insufficient evidence to sustain the conviction, this court reviews the evidence }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
in the light most favorable to the prosecution to ascertain whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Sangalang, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 2001 Guam 18, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  20 (citations and quotations omitted) (emphasis added); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
see also United States v. Birges, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 723 F.2d 666, 672 (9th Cir. 1984).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [14]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab When we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the People in the instant case, we find that there is sufficient evidence to support the jury}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s guilty verdict on the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge. }{
\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See People v. Angoco, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Crim. Case No. CR95-00094A, 1996 WL 875777 }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 * }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
5 (D. Guam App. Div., Oct. 16, 1996). Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
18102(a), defines the charge of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol as the following: }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
It is unlawful for any person, while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any controlled substance, or under the combined influence of an alcoholic beverage and any controlled substance, to operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle.}
{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 18102(a) (1994). Here, the People put forth the testimony of Officer Chong who comprehensively described the three phases
 of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test, and how Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s driving and physical mannerisms demonstrated to him that Guerrero was in fact intoxicated. First, Officer Chong described his observation regarding Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s erratic driving and constant fish-tailing. In Officer Chong}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s own words, Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 vehicle [was] going off the roadway right in between these two power poles here, almost striking this concrete pole.}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
 Transcript, p. 110 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000). Additionally, Officer Chong further explained how }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [t]he vehicle started making a 360 degree - or started skidding, more or less the operator lost control of the vehicle, made a complete circle or 360 degree turn.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Transcript, p. 111 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [15]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Second, Officer Chong described how Guerrero exhibited physical signs of intoxication such as red, glassy and blood-shot eyes. Moreover, O
fficer Chong also noted how Guerrero not only emitted the smell of alcohol through his mouth and nose, but also needed support after exiting his vehicle. More importantly however, Guerrero admitted to drinking seven cans of beer when asked if he had been 
drinking. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Transcript, pp. 116-117 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000).
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [16]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Third, Officer Chong described how Guerrero failed all three types of tests given under Standardized Field Sobriety Test. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  Transcript, pp. 120-122 (Jury S
election & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000) (describing how Guerrero failed the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test); Transcript, pp. 123-125 (Jury Selection & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000) (describing how Guerrero failed the Walk-and-Turn Test); Transcript, pp. 126-127 (Jury Sele
ction & Trial, Aug. 9, 2000) (describing how Guerrero failed the One-Legged Stand Test). Accordingly, we find that there was sufficient evidence adduced at trial to support Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s conviction.}{\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 C.}{\b\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Inconsistent Verdicts}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [17]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab The last issue we address is whether Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s guilty verdict on the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge should be overturned because the jury had found him not guilty on the Imprud
ent Driving charge. The standard of review for examining whether to set aside a conviction based on an inconsistent verdict is de novo. }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Chargualaf}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2001 Guam 1, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  29; }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 see Angoco, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
1996 WL 875777 at **6 (citing }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 United States v. Hart, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 963 F.2d 1278 (9th Cir. 1992)); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 see also United States v. Mitchell, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 146 F.3d 1338, 1342 (11th Cir. 1998). }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
A conviction generally may not be overturned solely on the ground that the jury reached an inconsistent verdict.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Chargualaf}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2001 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  30. Furthermore, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
[i]nconsistent verdicts are not a bar to a conviction so long as there is sufficient evidence to support the guilty verdict.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Id.,}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  31. In }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 People v. Chargualaf}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , this court embraced the following rationale set forth by the United States Supreme Court }{
\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 in United States v. Powell, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 469 U.S. 57, 105 S.Ct. 471 (1984):
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [W]here truly inconsistent verdicts have been reached, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [t]he most
 that can be said is that the verdict shows that either in the acquittal or the conviction the jury did not speak their real conclusions, but that does not show that they were not convinced of the defendant}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s guilt}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  .}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 .}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 .}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 .}{\f0\insrsid5315474  }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 It is equally possible the jury, convinced of guilt, properly reached its conclusion on the compound offense, and then through mistake, compromise, or lenity, arrived at an inconsistent conclusion on the lesser offense.

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Chargualaf}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2001 Guam 1, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  30 (quoting }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Powell, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 469 U.S. at 64-65, 105 S.Ct. at 476). For the two reasons we outline below, we find that Guerrero}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s conviction should not be overturned based on the theory of inconsistent verdicts.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [18]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab First, the guilty verdict on the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge is not legally inconsistent with the not guilty verdict on t
he Imprudent Driving charge. }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Verdicts are legally inconsistent }{
\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 if the existence of the essential elements for one offense negates the existence of the essential elements for another offense of which the defendant also stands convicted.}{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  State v. Williams, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
679 A.2d 920, 923 n. 6 (Conn. 1996) (citations and internal quotations omitted) (emphasis added). When comparing the elements of the two cri
mes, it was reasonable for the jury to find Guerrero guilty of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge while finding him not guilty of the Imprudent Driving charge because the two crimes are not mutually exclusive. }{
\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 See United States v. McCall, }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 85 F.3d 1193, 1197-1198(6th Cir. 1996) (noting that }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 inconsistent verdicts do not give rise to a sufficiency of the evidence challenge, with the possible exception of a guilty verdict on mutually exclusive crimes}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 ). Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol contains the following elements:}{
\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 It is unlawful for any person, while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any controlled substance, or under the combin
ed influence of an alcoholic beverage and any controlled substance, to operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 18102(a) (1994) (emphasis added). Contrarily, Imprudent Driving consists
 of the following elements:}{\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }{\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
All motor vehicles traveling upon the public highway shall be driven at a careful, prudent rate of speed not greater than nor less than is reasonable and proper, having due regard to the surface of the highway, the width of the 
highway and the condition of traffic upon the highway and all other restrictions and conditions then and there existing.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
\par Title 16 GCA }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 3301(a) (1996). Pursuant to section 18102(a), the only requirements to Drivi
ng While Under the Influence of Alcohol are that the driver was under the influence and was operating or in physical control of the vehicle. The manner in which the driver handled the vehicle is not dispositive under section 18102(a). Thus, while the jury
 may have found insufficient evidence to hold Guerrero liable for Imprudent Driving, the crime of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol is not contingent upon the finding that Guerrero was driving imprudently.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5315474 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [19]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab Second, even if the verdicts were legally inconsistent, because we found that there was sufficient evidence to support Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s guilty verdict on the Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol charge, the conviction can still 
remain. This is so because courts have held that }{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
[i]nconsistent verdicts are not a bar to conviction so long as there is sufficient evidence to support the jury's determination of guilt.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  United States v. Gieger}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 190 F.3d 661, 664 (5th Cir. 1999); }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Chargualaf}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 , 2001 Guam 1, }{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474  31; }{\i\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 see Birges}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
, 723 F.2d at 673 (}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 Inconsistent verdicts may 
stand, even when a conviction is rationally incompatible with an acquittal, provided there is sufficient evidence to support the guilty verdict.}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 ). Consequently, Guerrero's conviction is not defeated based on the theory of inconsistent verdicts.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 IV.}{\b\f0\insrsid6303956 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\f0\insrsid5315474\charrsid5315474 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5315474 {\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 [20]}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 \tab We find that the trial court did not improperly curtail defense counsel}{
\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 s cross-examination of Officer Chong. We also find that there was sufficient evidence to support
 Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 
s Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol conviction even though the jury acquitted him on the Imprudent Driving charge. The judgment is }{\b\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 AFFIRMED}{\f0\insrsid6303956\charrsid5315474 .
\par }}