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{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\author lroberto}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo8\dy12\hr9\min4}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy10\hr15\min43}{\version4}{\edmins8}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords3245}{\nofchars18497}{\*\company Superior Court of Guam}
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\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 In re J.L.L.P.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid12263146 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6032990 8}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  of 13}{\insrsid12263146 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid6032990 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 IN THE INTEREST OF J.L.L.P., }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Minor;}{\insrsid6032990 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid6032990 DAVID PEREZ,}{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Respondent-Appellant.}{\insrsid6032990 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Supreme Court Case No.:CVA02-014
\par Superior Court Case No.:JP0566-97}{\insrsid6032990 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 For Appellant:}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par Seth Forman, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Esq}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 .
\par Law Office of Keogh & Forman
\par Suite 105, C&A Prof. Bldg.
\par 251 Martyr St.\tab 
\par P.O. Box GZ
\par Hagatna, GU 96932\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 For Petitioner-Appellee:}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par Vernon P. Perez
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par 2-200E Guam Judicial Ctr.
\par 120 W. O}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Brien Dr.
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\par BEFORE:}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; FRANCES TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice.}{\insrsid6032990 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 CARBULLIDO, J.:}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [1]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab This matter comes before the court upon a motion to withdraw filed by Attorney Seth Forman (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Forman}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
), court-appointed counsel for the Respondent-Appellant David Perez (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Perez}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Forman filed a notice of appeal but now seeks to withdraw as appellate counsel pursuant to }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders v. California}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396 (1967), on the ground that an appeal in this case would be wholly frivolous.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The issue before the court is whether }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  procedures apply to appeals of decisions which adversely affect a parent}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s custody of his or her child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 For the reasons set forth herein, we hold that the }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 does not apply to appeals from such decisions, and we further decline to extend the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  procedures to these types of appeals.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 However, because Forman has submitted an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 brief in this case, we have exercised our discretion and reviewed the brief notwithstanding the rule
 we announce to be applied in all future cases.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We find that Forman has raised several non-frivolous issues in this appeal and therefore deny his motion to withdraw.
\par 
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\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [2]\tab }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Perez, an adult, is the biological father of the minor child, J.L.L.P.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Perez is 
diagnosed as having cognitive and psychological disabilities.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 On or about November 10, 1999, the Superior Court appointed Ms. Connie Castro (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Castro}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
), an employee of Guma}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Mami, as permanent guardian of J.L.L.P.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 At a hearing on or about March 27, 2002, Castro informed the court that she intended to move to the state of Oregon on July 18, 2002, and requested to take J.L.L.P. with her.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 At a hearing on May 16, 2002, the lower court granted Castro}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s request, which was memorialized in a written order filed on June 12, 2002, and entered on the docket on June 27, 2002.}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 The facts describ
ed in this paragraph are set forth in Forman}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 s }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 Brief.}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [3]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab As court-appointed counsel, Forman filed a Notice of Appeal on June 26, 2002 on behalf of Perez, appealing the June 12, 2002 order.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 On that date, Forman filed an Application to Proceed in}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Forma Pauperis}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 On September 4, 2002, this court granted Perez}{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  application to proceed }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 in forma pauperis}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 .}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  and a Guam Rule of Appellate Procedure (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 GRAP}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ) 37 Motion for Leave to File a Brief }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 In Pro Per}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  on Perez}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  behalf.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Forman also filed a Motion to Withdraw, a GRAP 9(b)(2)(D) Motion For Appointment of Counsel, and an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Brief.}{
\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\insrsid12263146  }{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 Furthermore, on July 2, 2002, Forman filed a GRAP 12(a) Motion for Stay Pending Appeal, seeking a stay of the lower court}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 s June 12, 2002 order.  This court issued an order denying the motion for stay on July 17, 2002.}}}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [4]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab This court requested that the parties brief the issue of whether }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
procedures must or should apply to appeals of orders adversely affecting parental rights.}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid12263146 4}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  In its order requesting briefing, the court expressed that the issue of whether }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
 applies or should be extended to appeals of orders affecting or terminating parental rights was one of first impression in 
this jurisdiction.  While the order appealed from in this case affects parental rights, and has been characterized by the parties as a severe curtailment of parental rights, it is not in fact an order terminating parental rights.  The rule announced today
 is necessarily limited to the facts of this case, and extends only to appeals of decisions negatively affecting a parent}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
s custody of his or her child.    }}}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The court also invited briefing of this issue from the Guam Bar Association as }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 amicus curiae}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 .
}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Forman submitted a response to the court}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s request, in which he essentially averred to his discussion of the issue as set forth in his }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  brief that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  should apply to the instant civil appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
The Family Division of the Office of the Attorney General also submitted a brief on the issue, arguing that the court should limit the application of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
to criminal appeals and should reject the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  procedures in the context of the present civil case.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 II.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [5]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  3107 (1994).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Considering that the preliminary issue regarding the applicability of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  in this case is one of first impression, we find it necessary and beneficial to issue an opinion for the purpose of clarifying the rule to be applied in this jurisdiction.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 III.}{\b\insrsid12263146 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 A.}{\b\insrsid6032990  }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The Issue and the Parties}{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Arguments
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [6]\tab }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Court-appointed counsel for a criminal defendant who seeks to withdraw from representing the defendant on appeal due to counsel}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s belief that an appeal would be frivolous is required to follow the procedures announced in }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Anders v. California}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396 (1967).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  GRAP 37 (permitting counsel for the }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  to file an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Brief); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see also People v. Leon Guerrero}
{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 2001 Guam 19, }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  9-10, 36 (dismissing a criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s appeal as frivolous after conscientiously reviewing the record as set forth in }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ).}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 See}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146  People v. Leon Guerrero}{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 2001 Guam 19, }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
 9-10, for a discussion on the procedures a court-appointed attorney must follow when seeking to withdraw pursuant to }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 .}}}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
The issue in this case is whether court-appointed counsel in a civil case involving child custody may file both a motion to withdraw and an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
brief in this court if the attorney wishes to withdraw from an appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Specifically, the issue presently before us is whether }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  procedures must or should be made applicable to an appeal from a decision adversely affecting a parent}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s custody of his or her child.}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [7]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab Forman argues that the underlying order appealed from amounts to a }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 de facto}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  termination of Perez}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  parental rights.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Forman argues that because GRAP 37 does not limit the use of an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  brief to criminal cases, the }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
brief he filed in the instant case should be accepted.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 He further contends that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
should apply to this case because attorneys representing parents in juvenile special proceedings involving termination or extreme curtailment of parental rights face the same ethical dilemmas as court-appointed attorneys when clie
nts insist on pursuing frivolous appeals.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Finally, Forman points out that like criminal defendants, parents possess certain constitutionally protected rights and should therefore be afforded }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 protections.
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [8]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab In contrast, the Family Division argues that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 should not apply to appeals of orders adversely affecting parental rights.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Specifically, the Family Division argues that permanency plans which result from these proceedings require a showing that the 
}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
prompt and permanent placement with responsible substitute caretakers and family in a safe and secure home is in the best interests of the child,}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  and that such requirement presents safeguards for parents and indicate that the protections afforded by }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 procedures is outweighed by the costs of the use of those protracted procedures in termination of parental rights cases.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Regarding }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Brief, pp. 10-11 (Sept. 18, 2002).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The Family Division further argues that the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 procedures should be limited to criminal appeals because the procedures are derived from }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
a liberty deprivation exclusive to criminal defendants.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Regarding }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Brief,}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 p. 12 (Sept. 18, 2002).}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 B.}{\b\insrsid6032990  }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Discussion
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [9]\tab }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We agree with the Family Division that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
does not and should not be made applicable to appeals of orders adversely affecting a parent}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s custody of his or her child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 920 P.2d at 733 (Cal. 1996); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see also In re Harrison}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 526 S.E.2d 502, 502-03 (N.C. Ct. App. 2000);}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Denise H. v. Arizona Dep}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 t of Econ. Security}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 972 P.2d 241, 243 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1998);}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Ostrum v. Dep}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 t of Health & Rehab. Servs.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d 1359, 1361 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12263146  We note that the validity of the }{
\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 court}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 s}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
rule rejecting }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 procedures in termination of parental rights (}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 TPR}{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 ) appeals was recently certified to the Florida Supreme Court in }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 N.S.H. v. Dep}{
\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 t of Children and Family Services}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 803 So. 2d 877 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002).  Specifically, in }
{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Pullen v. State}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 802 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 2001), the Florida Supreme Court extended }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  to appeals in civil commitment proceedings.  In }{
\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Pullen}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , the Florida Supreme Court rejected the }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  line of cases and instead followed the line of cases which accepts }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders }{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 procedures in certain civil appeals.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Pullen v. State}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 802 So. 2d 1113, 1119 (Fla. 2001) (}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 While the United States Supreme Court has never ruled that }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
 procedures are required in the civil context, we agree with the courts cited above that the policies and interests served by the }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  procedu
re in criminal proceedings are also present in involuntary civil commitments under Florida's Baker Act, namely, that the resolution of an appeal of the commitment order be related to the merits of the appeal rather than to the individual's ability to hire
 private counsel.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 ).}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146   }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 Thus, the }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 N.S.H. }{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 court}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 was required to decide whether to apply the }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 rule (rejecting }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
) in light of }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Pullen}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 .  The }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 N.S.H. }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 court found that because }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Pullen}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  dealt with civil commitment a
ppeals, it did not specifically overrule }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  which rejected }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  in appeals in TPR proceedings.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 N.S.H. v. Dep}{
\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 t of Children and Family Servs.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 803 So. 2d 877, 879 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002).  Thus, the }{
\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 N.S.H. }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 court adhered to the }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum}{\fs20\insrsid12263146  procedure, but certified the following question to the Florida Supreme Court: }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 In termination of parental rights cases, if an attorney appointed to represent an indigent parent 
below in good faith determines there is no valid issue on appeal, should that attorney be permitted to withdraw pursuant to }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Ostrum}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , or be required to file an }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders }{
\fs20\insrsid12263146 type brief.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146   }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Id.}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 .}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The procedures formulated in }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  were specifically made applicable to criminal appeals, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 386 U.S. at 739, 87 S. Ct. at 1397 (describing the issue as determining the extent of a }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 criminal defendant}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  court-appointed counsel}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s duty on appeal when he deems the appeal to have no merit) }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 and}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Leon Guerrero}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 2001 Guam 19 at }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  10 (conducting an }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 review of the record in a criminal appeal), and have not been extended by the U.S. Supreme Court to civil appeals, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Sade}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 920 P.2d at 735 (recognizing that the U.S. Supreme Court has declined to extend }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  outside the criminal context).}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [10]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab Furthermore, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures are prophylactic in nature.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Pennsylvania v. Finley}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 481 U.S. at 555, 107 S. Ct. at 1993.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
They are not themselves required under the constitution but are reliant upon a defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s Sixth Amendment right to counsel and Fourteenth Amendment due process right to the effective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Ostrum}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d at 1361 (}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The right to counsel in }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
is based on the Sixth Amendment . . . .}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Sade}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 920 P.2d at 730; }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Evitts v. Lucey}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 469 U.S. 387, 404, 105 S. Ct. 830, 840 (1985) (stating the rule that all criminal defendants have a due process right to the effective assistance of counsel, whether appointed or not, in his or her first appeal as of right).}{\i\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures are meant to secure the effective assistance of appellate counsel guaranteed by the Constitution in a criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s first appeal as of right.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 920 P.2d at 733; }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see also In re E.L.Y.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 69 S.W.3d 838, 839 (Tex. App. 2002) (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [T]he }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedure is a }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 prophylactic}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  framework}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  . . . established to vindicate the constitutional right to appellate counsel.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ) (quoting }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Smith v. Robbins}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 528 U.S. 259, 273, 120 S. Ct. 746, 757 (2000)).}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [11]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab Unlike criminal defendants, there is no absolute constitutional guarantee to court-appointed counsel for indigent parents in proceedings adversely 
affecting the custody of their child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See In re E.L.Y.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 69 S.W.3d at 841 (recognizing that parents are not constitutionally guaranteed counsel in proceedings to }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 terminate }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 parental rights) (citing }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Lassiter v. Dep}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 t of Social Servs.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 452 U.S. 18, 31-32, 101 S. Ct. 2153, 2162 (1981)).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
In fact, the availability of counsel for a parent in the context of a child protective proceeding arises from statute, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Title 19 GCA }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  13308(a) (1994), and not from the Sixth or Fourteenth Amendment.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Because }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
prophylactic procedures are derived from a criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s Sixth and Fourteenth 
Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel, they are not necessarily applicable to appeals of an order terminating custody where the claim to counsel arises through local statute and not the Constitution.
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [12]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab We further find that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 procedures should not be extended to appeals of orders adversely affecting a parent}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s custody of a child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 First, }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures are time-consuming and are therefore inappropriate in child placement p
roceedings where there is a heightened interest in finality.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Ostrum}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d at 1361; }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 920 P.2d at 740-41 (determining that the costs in using }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures are not justified considering that the interest in finality in proceedings involving parental rights is }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 unusually strong}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [W]e think the interest of the children in quitting the uncertainties surrounding their future should be put to rest as soon as it can fairly be done.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Ostrum}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d at 1361. The Child Protective Act similarly evidences the legislature}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s intent that the placement of children be accomplished in the timeliest manner possible.}{
\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Title}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 19 GCA }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  13100 (1994) (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
This permanent planning should effectuate placement with a child's own family when possible and should be conducted in an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 expeditious fashion}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 so that where return to the child's family is not possible as provided in this Chapter, such children will be }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 promptly}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  and permanently placed with responsible and com
petent substitute parents and families, with their places in such families secured by adoption or permanent custody orders.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures, which requires both court-appointed c
ounsel and the court to undertake a thorough review of the record, fosters protracted proceedings which undermines the interest in finality in child placement proceedings and is therefore unsuitable for use in such cases.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 920 P.2d at 741;}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  Ostrum}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d at 1361.
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [13]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab Furthermore, the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
procedures mark a radical departure from the normal judicial process because the procedures require the court to thoroughly review the record for arguable issues on appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Leon Guerrero}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 2001 Guam 19 at }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  9 (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
[I]f counsel finds his case to be wholly frivolous, after a conscientious examination of it, he should so advise the court and request permission to wi
thdraw. . . . [T]he court - not counsel - then proceeds, after full examination of all the proceedings, to decide whether the case is wholly frivolous.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ) (quoting }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ,}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 386 U.S. at 744-
45, 87 S. Ct. at 1400) (first alteration in original).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We think that such procedures force the court into the position of advocate rather than neutral decision-maker.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Ostrum}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 663 So. 2d at 1361.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 While such deviation may be justifiable in the crimina
l context where the defendant has a constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel at virtually all stages of the proceedings,}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid12263146 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12263146  }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 See Mempa v. Rhay}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
, 389 U.S. 128, 134, 88 S. Ct. 254, 257 (1967) (}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 [The
] appointment of counsel for an indigent is required at every stage of a criminal proceeding where substantial rights of a criminal accused may be affected.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 ); }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 People v. Dulana}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , Crim. No. CF0062-94, 1996 WL 875743 (D. Guam App. Div. Oct. 1 1996) (}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 To protect the fundamental right to a fair trial, a defendant has a Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel.}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 ) (citing }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Strickland v. Washington}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 , 466 U.S. 668, 684, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)).}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  we decline to expand the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures to the instant civil case where no such right exists.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See Lassiter}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 452 U.S. at 31, 101 S. Ct. at 2161 (determining
 that parents involved in proceedings to terminate their parental rights do not have a general due process right to court-appointed counsel); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see also Denise H}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
., 972 P.2d at 243 (recognizing that a parent involved in a termination proceeding does not have the same constitutional right as a defendant involved in a criminal proceeding).}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [14]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab Finally, we agree that court-appointed attorneys face similar ethical dilemmas whether they represent criminal defendants or parents.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Undoubtedly, all attorneys, whether appointed or not, have an ethical responsibility to competently and diligently represent his or her client.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See L.C. v. State}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 963 P.2d 761, 763-64 (Utah Ct. App. 1998).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Furthermore, in all cases, whether criminal or not, an attorney will be faced with 
the dilemma between providing competent representation and refraining from filing a frivolous appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 However, a court-appointed attorney for a criminal defendant is faced with the }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 additional}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  responsibility of providing representation consistent with the criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s unique constitutional right to the effective assistance of appellate counsel.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 920 P.2d at 730 (stating that the criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s constit
utional right to the assistance of counsel }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 extends beyond normal assistance to effective assistance.}
{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ).}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
It is this additional responsibility for which }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 requirements are derived.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Id.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  at 731.}{\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [15]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures strike a balance between the criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s constitutional right to an active advocate and the attorney}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s ethical responsibilities.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See}{\i\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 L.C.}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 963 P.2d at 764.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The procedures ensure the effective assistance of counsel by requiring the attorney to demonstrate that he has thoroughly reviewed
 the record and to identify any arguable issues on appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 920 P.2d at 728.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The filing of an }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 brief enables the court to determine whether appointed attorneys }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 have fully performed their duty to support their clients}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  appeals to the best of their ability.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Id}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 . (citing }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 McCoy v. Court of Appeals of Wisconsin}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 486 U.S. 429, 439, 108 S. Ct. 1895, 1902 (1988)).}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 At the same time, by filing a motion to withdraw after indicating that he deems the appeal to be frivolous, counsel is protected from violating his ethical duties.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
See L.C.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 963 P.2d at 764.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 As the U.S. Supreme Court has determined, the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  procedur
es adequately safeguards a criminal defendant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 386 U.S. at 744, 87 S. Ct. at 1400 (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The const
itutional requirement of substantial equality and fair process can only be attained where counsel acts in the role of an active advocate in behalf of his client, as opposed to that of amicus curiae.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ).
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [16]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab How
ever, because the rights of a criminal defendant are distinct from those of a parent facing the loss of custody of his or her child, parents are not necessarily entitled to the same level of protection as criminal defendants.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See E.L.Y.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 69 S.W.3d at 843 (Gray, J., dissenting); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 see also Sade}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 920 P.2d at 736-39 (determining that due process does not require the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  protections in termination of parental rights appeals).}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Simply put, we are satisfied with counsel}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s good faith assertion that an appeal would lack any meritorious issues.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The costly and protracted procedures required under }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 are not necessary to reassure the court that counsel has in fact undertaken the required level of review expected of all advocates admitted to practice before this court.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We find that procedures short of those required by }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 are adequate to safeguard the rights of parents who insist on filing an appeal while concurrently protecting court-appointed attorneys from violating their ethical duties.}{\cs15\super\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid12263146 8}{\insrsid12263146  }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 
 While there may be a case where an attorney abandons an appeal due to counsel}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid12263146 s erroneous sub
jective belief regarding its merits, we find the risk to be slight assuming attorneys properly appreciate the distinction between a frivolous appeal and a losing one.  The duty to provide competent representation commands that the attorney make a plausibl
e
 argument on behalf of their client, even if counsel believes that the argument is likely to fail.  We are not inclined to formulate a rule based on the assumption that attorneys cannot distinguish between frivolous and mere losing appeals.  The rules of 
p
rofessional conduct and the mechanisms in place to enforce those rules are adequate to prevent that type of unethical behavior.  Hence, we believe that the possibility that an attorney would abandon an otherwise meritorious appeal is slight and the risk i
s therefore tolerable when weighed against the policies opposing the application of }{\i\fs20\insrsid12263146 Anders }{\fs20\insrsid12263146 in this type of case.}}}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [17]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab In sum, we hold that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 does not apply to appeals of decisions negatively affecting a parent}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s custody of his or her child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
We further decline to extend the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 -type procedures in such appeals.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Thus, court-appointed counsel of a parent who seeks to withdraw from an appeal of an order affecting the custody of his or her child on the ground that the appeal would be frivolous is not required to file an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 brief.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Rather, court-appointed counsel is merely required to file a motion to withdraw, stating his or her good faith belief that there are no meritorious issues wh
ich can be raised on appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Counsel shall serve the motion to withdraw on his or her client.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
The court will thereafter allow the appellant to file an appellant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s brief in accordance with the time permitted in the Rules of Appellate Procedure for these types of appeals, or as otherwise ordered by the court.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Should the appellant fail to file a brief within the time allowed, the court will dismiss the appeal for failure to prosecute.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 On the other hand, if the ap
pellant files the required brief, and the court determines that the brief does not provide a preliminary basis for reversal, the court will summarily affirm the lower court}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s decision.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 If the appellant files the
 required brief, and the court determines that the brief raises a preliminary basis for reversal, the court will allow the appeal to go forward.}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }{\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [18]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab In the instant case, because Forman filed an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  brief in addition to his motion to with
draw, we will depart from the procedure announced above which shall apply to future cases of this nature.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The court treats the }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 brief as a memorandum in support of Forman}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s motion to withdraw.}{
\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 In his }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  brief, Forman has raised four possible issues on appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
We have reviewed the facts and the issues presented in the }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 brief and find that the first three issues that Forman has raised are non-frivolous issues which can be pursued in this appeal.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
Accordingly, as we find that this appeal is not frivolous, it is not necessary to require Perez to file an additional brief in this case.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Forman}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s motion to withdraw is hereby denied and Forman is required to file an appellant}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s brief discussing the first three potential issues he has identified, and any other issues he deems appropriate for review. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 IV.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [19]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab In accordance with the foregoing, we hold that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 proced
ures do not apply and will not be extended to appeals of orders negatively affecting a parent}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
s custody of his or her child.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Court-appointed attorneys seeking to withdraw from such appeals on the ground that he 
or she believes an appeal would be frivolous need only comply with the procedures described above.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Upon review of the motion to withdraw and }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  brief filed in this case, we find that several non-frivolous issues can be raised on behalf of Perez.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Accordingly, Forman}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 s motion to withdraw is hereby }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 DENIED}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 and this appeal shall proceed in the normal course.}{\insrsid6032990 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO\tab \tab \tab \tab  PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR.
\par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Chief Justice}{\insrsid12263146 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\insrsid6032990\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J., Concurring}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 :
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [20]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab I concur with the result reached today.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 I agree with the majority that }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures should not be made applicable in this case.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
However, I write separately to emphasize that my concurrence rests solely on the fact that this is not an appeal of a decision which terminates Perez}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  parental rights.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid6032990 
\par }{\b\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 [21]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \tab While Forman asserts that the underlying order appealed from }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 effectively}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  terminates Perez}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  parental rights, there is a clear distinction in my mind between an }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 effective}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  termination of parental rights and an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 actual}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  termination of parental rights.}{\insrsid6032990  }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The interests at stake between the two proceedings are distinct.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 The former does not justify the use of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures, while the latter may.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
My decision to join in the result today does not answer the separate question, answered in the affirmative in a growing number of jurisdictions, of whether }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 -
type procedures should be extended to appeals of orders or judgments terminating parental rights.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 See e.g. In re E.L.Y.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
, 69 S.W.3d 838, 841 (Tex. App. 2002) (adopting }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures in termination of parental rights proceedings);}{\insrsid6032990  }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 L.C. v. State}
{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 963 P.2d 761, 764 (Utah Ct. App. 1998) (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
[W]e hold that when appointed counsel represents an indigent client in a termination of parental rights appeal and concludes no nonfrivolous issues exist for appeal, counsel may file an }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 -type brief.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 );}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 J.K. v. Lee County Dep}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 t of Human Res.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 668 So. 2d}{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 813, 815 (Ala. Civ. App. 1995) (}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We believ
e that court-appointed counsel in a civil case should have some means by which to effectively represent his client and yet be allowed to withdraw without having to file a frivolous appeal if counsel thinks an appeal would be without merit.}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 In re}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 V.E.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 611 A.2d 1267, 1275 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1992) (adopting }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures}{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  
}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 in Pennsylvania); }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 In re Keller}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 486 N.E.2d 291, 292 (Ill. App. Ct.}{\insrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 1985) (}{
\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 We hold that the }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 
 procedure is applicable to [termination of parental rights proceedings.]}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 ); }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Morris v. Lucas County Children Servs. Bd.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 \'b8 550 N.E.2d 980, 981 (Ohio 1989) (adopting }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 procedures}{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990  }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 in Ohio and recognizing the extension of }{\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 Anders }{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 to termination proceedings in Wisconsin by }{
\i\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 In re J.R.W.}{\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 , 439 N.W.2d 644 (Wis. 1989)).}{\insrsid6032990  
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032990 {\insrsid12263146\charrsid6032990 FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD
\par Associate Justice
\par }}