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Leon Guerrero v. Moylan}{\fs20\insrsid15219831 , Opinion \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid15219831 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13248313 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid15219831  of 8
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 DORIS LEON GUERRERO,}{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Plaintiff-Appellee,
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 DOUGLAS B. MOYLAN,
\par }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Defendant-Appellant.}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Supreme Court Case No. CVA02-001
\par Superior Court Case No. DM0457-97}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 OPINION}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Filed:}{\b\insrsid3104218  }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 September 10, 2002}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid3104218  }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 2002 Guam 17}{\insrsid3104218 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par }\pard \qc \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Argued and submitted on June 17, 2002
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\par }{\ul\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 :
\par Curtis C. Van de Veld, Esq.
\par The Van de Veld Law Offices, P.C.
\par Union Bank Bldg., Suite 215
\par 194 Hernan Cortes Ave.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 :
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\par }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 BEFORE:}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Chief Justice, JOHN A. MANGLONA, Designated Justice, and RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Pro Tempore}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 .}{\insrsid3104218 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 SIGUENZA, C.J.:}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [1]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Defendant-Appellant Douglas B. Moylan (hereinafter }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Moylan}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
) appeals from an order increasing the amount of his child support payments made to Plaintiff-Appellee Doris Leon Guerrero (hereinafter }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Leon Guerrero}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 ).}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 This modification was made while the original child support order was the subject of a pending appeal filed by Moylan.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
We find that the lower court lacked jurisdiction to modify the child support award while the award was the subject of a pending appeal, and therefore vacate its December 6, 2001 Decision and Order.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 I.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
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\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [2]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Moylan and Leon Guerrero divorced on July 2, 1997.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
The parties agreed to share joint legal and physical custody of their two minor children but left the matter of child support unresolved.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
On March 6, 2001, the lower court set a temporary support order of $523.32, to be paid by Moylan to Leon Guerrero.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Moylan moved to amend the order, and the trial court denied his motion.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Moylan then appealed the child support order in Supreme Court Case No. CVA01-020.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Subsequent to Moylan}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s appeal, on December 6, 2001, the court }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 sua sponte}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
 amended the March 6th order after finding that it erred in its calculation of child support.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The lower court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s apparent error related to the reduction of payments to account of the parties}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  joint custody arrangement.}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [3]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Moylan now appeals from the trial court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s amendment on two grounds: (1) that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to modify the child support order while the order was on appeal; and (2) that the trial court erred in finding that the March 6th 
order was inequitable and insufficient to support the children}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s necessary expenses. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 II.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [4]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
An order for child support is a final judgment as to any installment or payment of money which has accrued up to the time either party makes a motion to set aside, alter or modify the order.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  34121 (1996).}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 This court has jurisdiction to review all final judgments of the Superior Court, Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  3107(a) (1994), and therefore has jurisdiction over the instant appeal.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 III.}{\b\insrsid15219831 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [5]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab 
The first issue before this court is whether the trial court retains jurisdiction to modify a child support order when that order is the subject of a pending appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
The general rule is that a trial court is divested of jurisdiction once a timely notice of appeal is filed.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Dumaliang v. Silan}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 2000 Guam 24, }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  14.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 However, this is not an absolute rule.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  34121 vests in the trial court continuing jurisdiction to execute and enforce any order for support even pending an appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 See}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
 Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  34121 (1996) (}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 any order directing payment of money f
or support or maintenance of the spouse or the minor child or children shall not be suspended nor the execution of the order stayed pending an appeal.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 ).}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Thus, the Supreme Court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s jurisdiction over a child support order on appeal is not exclusive.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The question remains, however, whether the Superior Court}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s authority extends from merely enforcing an order to actually modifying
 it while the order is on appeal.}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [6]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab The same statute which gives the Superior Court authority to enforce support orders pending an appeal also confers upon the Superior Court authority to modify those orders.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Section 34121 states, }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
The Superior Court of Guam shall have authority to modify any order, award, stipulation, or agreement as to child support . . . upon a showing of substantial and material change of circumstances.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Construed broadly, this sentence may be read to permit the Superior Court to modify a child support order even when that order is on appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
However, unlike the section of the statute which allows for enforcement of an order pending appeal, the modification section contains no }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 pending appeal}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  language.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The absence of such express language may speak to an intent by the legislature that the Superior Court retain jurisdiction to enforce a child support despite the filing of an appeal, but not jurisdiction to modify t
hat same order.
\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [7]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab This view would be consistent with the approach adopted by most states when confronted with this same issue.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 In }{
\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Decker v. Decker}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 440 S.E.2d 411 (Va. Ct. App. 1994), the Virginia Court of Appeals held that a trial court does not have j
urisdiction to modify a support award on appeal unless the party seeking the modification first obtains leave from the appellate court.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Decker}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 440 S.E.2d at 411.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Decker}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  court recognized that while a trial court retains authority to enforce a support
 order, it does not possess the authority to modify such an order.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 412.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Thus, is it not inconsistent for this court to read our local statute, section 34121, as simultaneously conferring authority on the Superior Court to enforce a child support order on appeal, but no authority to modify it.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 In support of its position, the }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Decker}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  court quoted its Supreme Court as stating, }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The orderly administration of justice demands that when an appellate court acquir
es jurisdiction over the parties involved in a litigation and the subject matter of their controversy, the jurisdiction of the trial court from which the appeal was taken must cease.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  (}{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 quoting Greene v. Green}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
, 228 S.E.2d 447, 448 (Va. 1982)).}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [8]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab The Florida Court of Appeals held similarly.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 In }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Campbell v. Campbell}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 436 So. 2d 374 (Fla. Ct. App. 1983), a former husband filed a motion}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 to modify an alimony and child support order after filing an appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The trial court modified the order, finding that it was not making a ruling as to the }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 reasonableness, excessiveness or insufficiency of child support and alimony as previously awarded, which issues were on appeal . . .,}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  but was simply ruling on the modification on the basis of a substantial change of circumstances.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Campbell}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 436 So. 2d at 375.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The appellate court reversed the modification, finding that the }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 trial court has no jurisdiction to modify the very order appealed from, during the pendency of the appeal.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 377.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Echoing the sentiments of the Virginia courts, this Florida court stated:}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
There is a serious question as to the authority of the trial court to enter a temporary order affecting the merits of a cause involved in the main appeal or which would have the effect of rendering the main appeal moot.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Unquestionably the trial court has the power to grant temporary relief }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 pending appeal}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
 and possesses the inherent power and authority to take such action as justice and equity requires.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 It would appear, however, that when the jurisdiction of the appellate court 
attaches it is exclusive as to the subject covered by the appeal; so that modification of an order under appeal would be beyond the jurisdiction of the trial court from the very innate nature of the appellate jurisdiction and from the very practical viewp
oint that there is no order to be modified until the appellate court determines what the order actually is.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 376 (internal citations omitted) (}{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 quoting Kalmutz v. Kalmutz}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 299 So. 2d 30, 32 (Fla. Ct. App. 1974)).}{
\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [9]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab The Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure expressly provides jurisdiction to the lower court to enforce orders }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 pending appeal}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 .}{\insrsid3104218  }{\scaps\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Fla. R. App. P.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  9.600(c).}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 This}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 language is identical to Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  34121. The }{
\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Campbell}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  court used this language to emphasize that a trial court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}
{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s jurisdiction over a child support order pending appeal is }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 limited}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  to those circumstances listed in the rule.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 376.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Guam}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s statute can be read similarly.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Because section 34121 speaks directly to a trial court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s jurisdiction over orders of child support pending appeal, then the legislature intended that such jurisdiction be }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 limited}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  to those delineated instances.}{\cs15\super\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid15219831 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15219831   Florida}{\fs20\insrsid15219831 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid15219831 s rule does differ in that it does not simultaneously confer to the lower court jurisdiction to modify a child support order; this jurisdiction is granted in a separate statute.}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [10]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Other states which have found that a lower court is without jurisdiction to modify a support order once that order has been appealed include Oregon and Arizona.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 See Grosse v. Grosse}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 734 P.2d 900, 902 (Or. Ct. App. 1987) (finding that the lower 
court lacked jurisdiction to hold a hearing to modify a child support order when the order was already on appeal); }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 see also Burkhardt v. Burkhardt}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
, 510 P.2d 735, 737 (Ariz. 1973) (finding that the trial court had no jurisdiction to consider modification in alimony when the matter was being appealed).}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [11]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab 
In contrast to the above states, California and New Jersey have both permitted their lower courts to modify support orders despite the fact that those orders were the subject of a pending appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 In }{
\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Horowitz v. Horowitz}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 205 Cal. Rptr. 880, 159 Cal. App. 3d 377 (Ct. App. 1984), a lower court entered an order terminating spousal support based on a change of circumstances.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The wife challenged the modification, contending that the court lacked jurisdiction to modify a judgment that was on appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
The appellate court upheld the modification, finding that }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
the trial court in a dissolution proceeding retains jurisdiction to modify the amount of spousal support, upon a showing of changed circumstances, pending an appeal from an order for spousal support in the dissolution judgment.}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Horowitz}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
, 205 Cal. Rptr. at 882, 159 Cal. App. 3d at 379.}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [12]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab California}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
s Code of Civil Procedure permits parties to post a bond and thereby stay an order of spousal support.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 883-84, 159 Cal. App. 3d at 382.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The appellate court reasoned that because the parties could have ach
ieved the same result, i.e. termination of spousal support, through the posting of a bond, then the modification of the order was not a matter which affected the appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 883-84, 159 Cal. App. 3d at 381-83.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Thus, depriving the trial court of its jurisdiction to modify the support order would not protect the appellate court}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s jurisdiction.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 382-83, 159 Cal. App. 3d at 884.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Temporary support proceedings pending appeal would have been needlessly expensive both in terms of the cost to the litigants of legal services and of judicial economy.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 384, 159 Cal. App. 3d at 885.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Unlike California, the Guam statute expressly prohibits the suspension of a support order pending appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 5 GCA }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  34121 (}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
any order directing payment of money for support . . . }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 shall not}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  be suspended nor execution of the order stayed pending an appeal.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 ) (emphasis added).}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Thus, we find any reliance on California cases with respect to this issue unpersuasive. 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [13]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab New Jersey also permitted a lower court to modify a support order that was on appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 In }{
\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair v. McNair}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 753 A.2d 147 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2000), a wife acknowledged she submitted an erroneous figure to the court resulting in a miscalculation of the child 
support amount.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Despite the wife}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
s acknowledgment of her mistake, the lower court refused to modify the order and correct the error, finding that it was without jurisdiction since the order had been appealed.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 , 753 A.2d at 148-49.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The appellate court disagreed, stating:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Unquestionably, as a general rule, once an appeal is filed, the trial court loses jurisdiction to make substantive rulings in the matter.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The rules of court nevertheless confer authority upon the trial court to continue to deal with the matter in limited ways.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
The trial court, for example, has continuing jurisdiction to enforce judgments and orders notwithstanding that they are being challenged on appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 It makes sense that such a power
 must include the authority, whether or not in the context of an enforcement proceeding, to correct a conceded error in the order or judgment, even when the error originated in a party}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s miscalculation during the proof stage. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  at 149.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
 court noted that granting the lower court such liberal jurisdiction could materially affect the merits of the appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 On this point, it stated:}{\insrsid15219831 
\par }{\insrsid3104218\charrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 It may be that correction of such an error will render an appeal moot in whole or in part.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 If that is so, a simple motion before us will suffice to dismiss the appeal or modify its scope.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 This is, on the whole, a more efficient and less time-consuming pr
ocedure than requiring the parties to move before us for a temporary remand, followed by their return to the trial court for the conceded correction, and then return to us for the mootness determination. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Id.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [14]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Factually, }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  is similar to the insta
nt matter in that the modification of the child support order arose from a mathematical miscalculation.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 However, there is one significant distinction between }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair}
{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  and the instant appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The error here is not one which the other party is willing to concede.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
Moylan challenges the trial court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
s re-calculations, arguing that it misapplied the shared custody reduction.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Thus, the exception created in }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 McNair}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218  does not apply.

\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [15]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Therefore, we agree w
ith the majority of jurisdictions which have found that the orderly administration of justice demands that the lower court be divested of its jurisdiction to modifying a support order that is the subject of a pending appeal.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 This is not to say that there are no circumstances in which a child support order can be modified once an appeal is perfected; the lower court must simply obtain leave from the appellate court before making a modification.
}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 The lower court also retains jurisdiction to enforce the order.
\par }{\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [16]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab Our finding that the lower court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s December 6, 2001 order is void precludes the need for any discussion with respect to Moylan}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s second point of appeal wherein he argues the merits of the lower court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s apparent miscalculation.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 IV.}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\b\insrsid3104218 
\par }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 [17]}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab We find that the lower court lacked jurisdiction to issue its December 6, 2001 Decision and Order.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 While 5 GCA }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
 34121 gives the lower court the power to modify a support order, this power ceases once the order is appealed.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Because the lower court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 s previous child support order was the subject of a pending appeal, the court was without jurisdiction to modify the order by its December 6th decision.}{
\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Therefore, the lower court}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 
s Decision and Order of December 6, 2001 is }{\b\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 VACATED}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 .}{\insrsid3104218 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 RICHARD H.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 BENSON\tab \tab \tab \tab JOHN A.}{\insrsid3104218  }{
\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 MANGLONA
\par Justice }{\i\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Pro Tempore}{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid13248313 \tab }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 Designated Justice}{\insrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid3104218 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3104218 {\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 PETER C.}{\insrsid3104218  }{\insrsid15219831\charrsid3104218 SIGUENZA, JR.
\par Chief Justice
\par }}