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{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\author lroberto}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo8\dy12\hr9\min3}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy10\hr15\min58}{\version5}{\edmins2}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords3360}{\nofchars19155}{\*\company Superior Court of Guam}
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People v. Francisco}{\fs20\insrsid10500069 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid10500069 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7420330 8}}}{\fs20\insrsid10500069  of 13
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Plaintiff-Appellee
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 vs.}{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 JAKE FRANCISCO FISHER}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 OPINION}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Filed:}{\b\insrsid7420330  }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 February 9, 2001}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid7420330  }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 2001 Guam 2}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  }{\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-027
\par Superior Court Case No. CF0592-98}{\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on June 14, 2000
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\par }{\ul\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Angela M. Borzachillo \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Guam Judicial Ctr.
\par 120 W. O}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brien Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par Antonio L. Cortes, Esq
\par Law Office of Antonio L. Cortes
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2880\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 252 Calle Angel Flores
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\par }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 BEFORE:}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ, Chief Justice; PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Associate Justice; JOHN A. MANGLONA, Designated Justice.}{\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 CRUZ, C.J.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 :}{\insrsid10500069 
\par }{\insrsid7420330\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [1]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab 
On April 19, 1999, the Defendant-Appellant, Jake Francisco Fisher, was found guilty, after trial by jury, of one count of aggravated assault, as a third degree felony, with a special allegation of use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 He was subsequently sentenced on October 25, 1999, to eight (8) months for aggravated assault, five (5) years for the special allegation and ordered to pay restitution to the victim.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The Judgment was issued on December 7, 1999.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The Defendant-Appellant appea
ls his conviction on the grounds that (1) the trial court erred in permitting improper impeachment evidence; (2) the People failed to disclose relevant discovery; (3) the trial court erred in failing to suppress prejudicial testimony of Dr. Jeron E. Lands
trom,; and (4) the trial court erred in denying his motion for acquittal.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Upon review of the testimony at trial and the relevant law on the issues, the court hereby affirms the Defendant-Appellant}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s conviction. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [2]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab The Defendant-Appellant, Jake Francisco Fisher (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Fisher}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ), was indicted by a grand jury and charged wit
h one count of aggravated assault, as a third degree felony, with a special allegation of use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
The indictment was derived from an incident which took place on the evening of}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 June 21, 1998.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 On that evening
, Fisher was residing in the home of Gloria Borja Cordero (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Cordero}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ), Guam Housing and Urban Renewal Authority (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 GHURA}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ) property, when he was awakened by Francisco Palacios (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Palacios}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ), who had entered the res
idence through the back door after receiving no response when knocking on the front door.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 It was Palacios}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 testimony that he often entered the residence through the unlocked back door, at the}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 approval of his friend, Cordero}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s son, Leyton Borja (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Borja}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher and Palacios were acquainted; however, Palacios was apparently unaware that Fisher was residing in the home.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 After Fisher awoke, Palacios informed
 Fisher who he was and that he was there to visit Borja.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [3]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Fisher proceeded to yell at Palacios and ordered him out of the house.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher struck Palacios, who struck Fisher in return.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Palacios observed Fisher reach for what he believed to be a weapon, at which time Fisher, brandishing a knife, began to proceed towards Palacios.}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Palacios went through the door and tried to close it behind him so as to avoid an attack by Fisher.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher struck the knife through the door resulted almost completely severing of one of Palacios}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  thumbs.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [4]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab At a suppression hearing, Fisher moved to exclude the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s witness, Dr. Jeron E. Landstrom, from testifying at trial.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s motion was denied.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 A jury trial commenced and concluded a few days later.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Fisher 
was convicted of the assault with the special allegation and sentenced to five months, for the assault, and five years, for the special allegation.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher timely filed a Notice of Appeal prior to the entry of the judgment.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [5]\tab }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  3107 and 3108, (1994) and Title 8 GCA }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  130.15(a) (1993).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Fisher raises four issues on appeal:}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
(1) the trial court improperly permitted the People to introduce impeachment evidence regarding defense witness Cordero; (2) the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s failure to disclose the information that the residence was GHURA housing was a violation of the Brady Rule; (3) the trial court erred in denying Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s motion to suppress evidence based upon Rule 403 of the Guam Rules of Evidence; and (4) the trial court erred in denying Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s motion for judgment of acquittal based upon the jury}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s alleged failure to properly apply the self-defense jury instruction.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The court shall address each issue in turn.}{\insrsid7420330  }
{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 A.\tab Improper Impeachment Evidence}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [6]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Fisher contends that the People, on cross examination of Cordero, improperly attempted to impeach
 the witness by questioning her about possible violations of GHURA regulations for allowing Fisher to reside in her home.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Although it is unclear from Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s brief, Fisher argues that the prosecutor improperly intimidated and discredited key defense testimony by raising irrelevant allegations that Cordero violated GHURA regulations.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The People argue that they properly questioned Cordero to establish her bias towards Fisher and ultimately her untruthfulness.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Both parties, however, make arguments citing little to no authority for their positions.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [7]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
We review evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion and we will not reverse absent prejudice affecting the verdict.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 J.J. Moving Serv., Inc. v. Sanko Bussan (GUAM) Co., Ltd.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 1998 Guam 19, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  31.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher completely fails to indicate how the trial court abused its discretion and in what manner such abuse created prejudice which affected the verdict.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Furthermore, Fisher}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s argument that Cordero, who was a willing witness at trial, later declined to testify at sentencing because of the GHURA questions, is not indicative of any prejudice affecting the jury}
{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s verdict.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 At best, the effect, if any, was that Cordero refused to testify at Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s sentencing, which only demonstrates the fact that Fisher cannot establish the requirement that there was any prejudicial effect on the verdict itself. 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [8]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab A review of the transcripts demonstrates that the People began cross-examination of Cordero and asked her two questions in particular}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Where you live, is that a GHURA house?}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  and }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Okay.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Can you please tell the jury, th
e procedures that are required to be able to live in a GHURA house?}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Transcript, vol. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , p. 81 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 At that point, Fisher objected and the court entertained a sidebar conference.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
During the conference, the court intimated that Cordero may need to be appointed an attorney, and that the court believed the GHURA issue to be collateral to the matter at hand.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
In response, the People ultimately indicated that it would cease that line of questioning, but possibly return to it on the following day of trial, however, no further questioning of Cordero on the issue occurred.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [9]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab The court is shocked and confused at the presentation of this issue on appeal.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
The trial court ceased questioning on the GHURA issue.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 There is no indication in the record, nor does Fisher contend, that the People revived the issue in its closing argument.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Although Fisher objected to the line of questioning, when the court raised its concerns the People retreated.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
There is also no indication from the record that Fisher attempted to move to strike the questions and testimony given. 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [10]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Guam Rule of Evidence (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 GRE}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
) 607 provides that any party may attack the credibility of a witness.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 6 GCA }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  607 (1994).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 GRE 608(b) further provides that,
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 in the discretion of the court, if probative of truthfulness or untruthfulness, [specific instances of conduct may] be inquired into on cross
\_examination of the witness (1) concerning his character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, or (2) concerning the character for truthfulness or untruthfulness of another witness as to which character the witness being cross\_examined has testified.

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par 6 GCA }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  608(b)(1994).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
It appears that the People may have attempted to show that Cordero was biased towards Fisher.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Instead, however, it appears that the People attempted to establish Cordero}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s character for untruthfulness based upon the allusion to GHURA violations.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
The attempt to show bias was a separate and distinct tactic from any attempt to impugn her character for allowing him to live with her in GHURA housing.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Because Fisher timely objected to the GHURA line of questioning, the court put a stop to the matter, and the People retreated from the GHURA issue. Fisher has demonstrated no prejudice and there is essentially no issue for this court to review.}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Even if the court were to review the trial court}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s actions, as previously indicated, the trial court did not even allow such questioning to occur and, therefore, unless the People want to
 raise the issue that further questioning should have instead been allowed, the trial court clearly did not abuse its discretion.}{\cs15\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid10500069 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10500069 
That Fisher raised such a specious argument borders on frivolous.  To make matters worse, the People proceeded to entertain Fisher}{\fs20\insrsid5535734 '}{\fs20\insrsid10500069 s arguments on appeal.}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 B.\tab }{\b\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Rule Violation}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [11]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Fisher contends that the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s failure to disclose that its intention to introduce evidence that Cordero rented from GHURA violated his due process right to a fair trial.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 In his brief, Fisher
 claims this due process violation by alluding to the fact that a }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  violation occurred, although he does not clearly demonstrate how the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}
{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s failure to disclose the fact that Cordero lived in GHURA housing and the rules and regulations which correspond to such privilege constitute }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 material or a }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  violation.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 In response, the People equally seem to misconstrue its obligation for disc
losure of evidence in its possession.
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [12]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Alleged }{
\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  violations are reviewed de novo.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 United States v. Alvarez, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 86 F.3d 901, 903 (9}{\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 1996).}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady v. Maryland}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 1196-97 (1963), holds that due process calls for the disclosure of favorable evidence by the government which is material to guilt or punishment.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Such evidence includes impeachment evidence relating to government witnesses as well as exculpatory evidence.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 United States v. Bagley}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
, 473 U.S. 667, 676, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 3380 (1985); }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 see also Giglio v. United States}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 405 U.S. 150, 151-155, 92 S.Ct. 763, 764-766 (1972) (holding that evidence relating to the cre
dibility of government witnesses, including but not limited to plea agreements, financial assistance, inducements to testify and promises of leniency fall within the due process requirements of }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ).}{\insrsid10500069 
\par }{\insrsid7420330\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [13]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Fisher clearly defines the GHURA information as impeachment material.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Although }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady
}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  encompasses impeachment evidence, it is not so broad as to require the People to disclose evidence to impeach a defense witness.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 In }{
\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 United States v. Presser}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 844 F.2d 1275, 1279 (6}{\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 1988), the district court issu
ed a discovery order requiring the government}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s immediate disclosure of impeachment evidence }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 which tends to negate guilt.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The government refused to disclose }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
government evidence which could impeach defense witnesses.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Id. }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 at 1278.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The appellate court, after revisiting }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Bagley}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  and }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Giglio}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  found that }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
[n]either case, however, gives the defense a general right to pre-trial discovery of evidence impeaching defense witnesses, where the prosecution denies that any such material is exculpatory and material under }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 .}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Id.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 at 1283.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Furthermore, the court concluded that }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
the government need not disclose impeaching material in its possession relating to any potential defense witness where that impeaching material does not meet the Brady test of being material and exculpatory.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Id.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  at 1285. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [E]vidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evide
nce been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 A }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 reasonable probability}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  is probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Id.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  at 1281. (citations omitted).
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [14]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Fisher urges this court to construe the impeachment evidence of Cordero to be Brady material; however, he fails to provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the
re is a reasonable probability that the outcome would have been different had the evidence been disclosed.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
This insufficiency is due, in part, to the fact that the information that Cordero lived in GHURA housing was information which Fisher was aware of or could and should have been aware.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Additionally, as the People argue it, the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s case against Fisher turned on the degree of force Fisher exerted in his own alleged self-defense.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 It was not the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s case to prove that Fisher did not live with Cordero in the residence where the incident occurred.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Instead, the People attacked the propriety of his action, even in light of the fact that he lived in the residence.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
It does not appear that the GHURA information was sought to be used to indicate that Fisher did not live in Cordero}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s residence, but instead to show Cordero}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s bias towards Fisher and her possible character for untruthfulness, although the cross-examination did not progress that far.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Thus, the court determines that the GHURA information was not }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 material as nothing was presented to indicate that had the evidence been disclosed there is a reasonable probability that the result would have been different.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Thus, the evidence was neither material nor exculpatory and no }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Brady}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  violation occurred. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 C.\tab Motion to Suppress}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [15]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab 
In his Motion to Suppress Fisher sought to exclude, what he claimed to be, inflammatory medical evidence, because such evidence was unfairly prejudicial and not relevant to proving the elements of the charged offenses.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Specifically, Fisher sought to exclude the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s witness, Dr. Jeron E. Landstrom (hereinafter }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Landstrom}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ) from testifying and creating, in the minds of the jury, the desire to exact revenge upon Fisher.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The trial court}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s application of GRE 403 to the evidence in question is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 People v. Evaristo}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 1999 Guam 22, }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  6.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Additionally,}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [a] [trial] court's decision to exclude or admit evidence under FRE 403 is reviewed with }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 considerable deference.}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 United States v. Hankey}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 203 F.3d 1160, 1167 (9}{
\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 2000) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Guam Rule of Evidence 403 provides that }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [a]lthough relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the
 danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  6 GCA }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 403 (1995).
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [16]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab That the evidence presented by the People, through the testimony of Landstrom, was obviously prejudicial, as it is the People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s duty to present evidence to establish the guilt of a defendant.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 However, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [a]t issue is whether probative value is outweighed by the danger of }{\b\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 unfair prejudice}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  to a defendant.}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 People v. Superior Court of Guam (Bruneman)}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
, 1998 Guam 24, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  14.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 (emphasis in original).}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 In his motion to suppress, Fisher argued that Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony would only be relevant to establish the seriousness of Palacios}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s injury; however, he also believed such testimony would be inflammatory.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher offered to stipulate that the injury sustained by Palacios was in fact serious bodily injury in an attempt to obviate the need for Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 However, the People rejected the offer of a stipulation of fact with regard to the injury and proceeded to present Landstrom.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
The People also called Palacios who testified to the seriousness of the injury he sustained and other particulars with regard to his medical treatment.
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [17]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab On appeal, Fisher now argues that, in light of Palacios}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  testimony, Landstrom}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony was cumulative, lacked probative value and caused confusion to the jury.}{\cs15\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid10500069 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10500069 
Although at the trial court level Fisher claimed the evidence was unfairly prejudicial, he did not contend that such evidence was irrelevant or lacked probative value, as he does now on appeal.}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
However, the People maintain that Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony was essential not only to corroborate the testimony of Palacios, but also to provide the trier of fact with evidence as to Fisher}
{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s intent when committing the assault.}{\cs15\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid10500069 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10500069 Fisher claims that at trial the People attempted to elicit expert testimony from Landstrom as to whether Palacios}{\fs20\insrsid5535734 '}{
\fs20\insrsid10500069  injury was consistent with his testimony as to the position of his hand when the injury was sustained.  Fis
her further indicates that Landstrom admitted he was unqualified to give that type of opinion.  However, the trial transcripts reveal that Landstrom, although not a forensics expert, was determined to be qualified, by the trial court, to testify whether t
he injury was consistent with prior testimony, after }{\i\fs20\insrsid10500069 voir dire}{\fs20\insrsid10500069 .  }}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [18]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Moreover, proper procedural safeguards were present, evinced through Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s opportunity to question Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s expert qualifications and Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s ability to cross-examine Landstrom, to diminish the prospect of unfair prejudice.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Superior Court of Guam (Bruneman), }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 1998 Guam 24 at }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  14.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Although the testimony of Landstrom and the performance of a computerized demonstration may have been substantial, the trial court exercised its discretion, after objection by Fisher, and ceased the examination of Landstrom as cumulative.}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Additionally after }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 voir dire}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , Fisher objected to Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s qualifications regarding testimony as to the consistency of the wound to the previous testimony.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
The court instructed the jury that Landstrom could not specifically recount to the jury what had happened on the night in question, however, he was qualified to provide his opinion whether the injury was consistent with Palacios}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  statement, made for the purpose of medical treatment.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 To argue that Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony was completely useless because Palacios had already testified as to the seriousness of the injury is inaccurate.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '
}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony served to corroborate Palacios}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
 statements, both as to the nature of the injury and the possible circumstances surrounding the sustaining of the injury.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The People}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s refusal of Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s proposed stipulation of facts was sanctioned.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [The government] was entitled to prove these elements of the charged offenses by introduction of probative evidence.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
United States v. Campbell, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 774 F.2d 354, 356 (9}{\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 1985); see also }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Parr v. United States, }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 255 F.2d 86, 88 (5}{\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 1958).}{\cs15\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid10500069 \chftn }{\insrsid10500069 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f41\fs20\insrsid10500069 It is a general rule that 'A party is not required to accept a judicial admission of his adversary, but may insist on proving the fact.' 31 C.J.S. Evidence }{\f41\fs20\insrsid10500069 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f41\fs20\insrsid10500069 
 299, p. 1068. The reason for the rule is to permit a party 'to present to the jury a picture of the events relied upon. To substitute for such a picture a naked admission might have the effect to rob the evidence of much of its fair and legitimate weight
}{\f39\fs20\insrsid10500069 .'}{\f39\fs20\insrsid10500069 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f39\fs20\insrsid10500069  }{\i\f39\fs20\insrsid10500069 Parr}{\f39\fs20\insrsid10500069 , 255 F.2d at 88.}}}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 However, a proper Rule 403 analysis "will incorporate some assessment of the need for the allegedly prejudicial information in light of a valid stipulation."}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 United States v. Hiland}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 909 F.2d 1114, 1134 (8}{\super\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 th}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  Cir. 1990) (citation a}{\insrsid7420330 
nd internal quotation omitted).}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [19]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab Landstrom}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s testimony was corroborative and probative.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The trial court properly ceased examination of Landstrom when the testimony began to be cumulative.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher has failed to demonstrate that the testimony was unfairly prejudicial, thereby outweighing its probative value.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Deference should be given}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 to}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 the}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 trial}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 court}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 absent}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 some}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 clear}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 abuse}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 of}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 discretion,}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 which}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 has not}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 been}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 established}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 in 
\par this case.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 D.\tab Motion for Judgment of Acquittal}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [20]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab After trial, Fisher made a motion for judgment of acquittal, which the trial court denied.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The trial court}{
\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s denial of the Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s motion for judgment of acquittal is reviewed}{
\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  de novo.}{\i\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 People v. Cruz,}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  1998 Guam 18, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  8.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 People v. Quinata}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , 1999 Guam 6, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  9.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Under a Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, the Court must examine the evidence in a light most favorable to the government and decide whether any rational trier of fact could not have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 People v. Camacho, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 1999 Guam 27, }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  40}{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 ; Cruz, }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 1998 Guam 18 at }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  9.
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [21]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab In support of his co
ntention that the trial court erred in its denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal, Fisher argues that, based upon the evidence presented, the jury improperly ignored the self-defense instruction given by the court.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 This argument is premised upon Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s view of the case as follows: (1)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Palacios admitted that he was an intruder in the Cordero house; (2)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 he entered through the back door when no one answered his knock; (3)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Cordero testified that Fisher lived in the residence; (4)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 the incident began when Fisher ordered Palacios out of the house; (5)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
the jury was instructed that Fisher may use reasonable force to eject an intruder; (6)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 that Fisher and Palacios exchanged blows after Palacios refused to leave, with Fisher throwing the first blow;}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 and (7)}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 that Fisher did not resort to deadly force to oust Palacios from the house.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Therefore, Fisher attributes the conviction to the fact that the People presented inflammatory evidence with regard to Palacios}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  injury and its allusion to the fact that F
isher may not have been a proper resident in the Cordero home.
\par }{\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [22]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab On review, however, the court must examine the evidence in a light most favorable to the People.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Cruz, }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 1998 Guam 18 at }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  9.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 If, and only if, a rational trier of fact could not have found that the People established the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, should the court then overturn the conviction.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\i\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Id.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The essential elements of the crime were that (1) Fisher recklessly caused, (2) serious bodily injury to Palacios, (3) on or about June 21, 1998 in Guam.}{
\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Additionally, the jury had to find that Fisher did not act in self-defense.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Testimony was presented that the incident occurred on June 21, 1998 in Dededo, Guam.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Transcript, vol. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , p. 7 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 It was Cordero}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
s testimony that Fisher lived in the residence with her and her family.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Transcript, vol. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , pp. 77-80 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Fisher wielded a machete which he swung at Palacios, causing the injury to Palacios, while Palacios was outside of the house.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Transcript, vol. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , pp. 16-21 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Testimony was presented to indicate that Palacios was attempting to leave the residence at the time the injury occurred.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Transcript, vol. --, pp. 16-21 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The degree of seriousness of the injury was explained and attested to by Palacios and Landstrom.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Transcript, vol. }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 , pp. 20-24, 53-}{\insrsid7420330 64 (Jury Trial, Apr. 15, 1999).}{\insrsid10500069 
\par }{\insrsid7420330\charrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [23]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab The altercation which occurred was left open to the jury}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s interpretation.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Although Fisher claims that the evidence was uncontroverted, such does not establish the jury failed at their task.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
What is clear is that an altercation ensued, with Fisher striking the first blow, to which Palacios responded.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Fisher then went after Palacios with a machete.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The People presented evidence, through the testimony of Palacios, to indicate that this use of force was reckless and, at the same time, unreasonable under the guise of self-defense.}{\insrsid7420330  }{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 The People presented sufficient evidence to establish its case against Fisher and to contradict Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s claim that he acted reasonably in self-defense.}
{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Thus, the denial of Fisher}{\insrsid5535734\charrsid7420330 '}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal was proper.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\b\insrsid7420330 
\par }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 [24]}{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 \tab The trial court did not err in its evidentiary rulings during the trial below.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 
Additionally, the evidence presented at trial was sufficient to uphold the verdict convicting Fisher.}{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Therefore, the conviction is }{\b\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 AFFIRMED}{
\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330  in its entirety.}{\insrsid7420330 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR.\tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 JOHN A. MANGLONA
\par }\pard \qj \fi-4320\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid7420330  }{\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 Designated Justice}{\insrsid7420330 

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid7420330 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7420330 {\insrsid10500069\charrsid7420330 BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ
\par Chief Justice
\par }}