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Bank of Guam v. Reidy}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid5049060 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12000255 10}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  of 15
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 BANK OF GUAM, a Guam Banking Corporation}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  
\par }{\insrsid12000255 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 MICHAEL J. REIDY, as Director for the Department of Administration }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Supreme Court Case No. CVA99-044
\par Superior Court Case}{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 No. CV2928-98}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Filed: June 20, 2001}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid12000255  }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 2001 Guam 14}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on June 14, 2000
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid12000255 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellant}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 : 
\par Joaquin C. Arriola, Sr., Esq.
\par Arriola, Cowan & Arriola
\par 259 Martyr Street, Suite 201
\par P.O. Box X
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96932
\par \cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Appearing for the Defendants-Appellants}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 : 
\par Eric A. Heisel
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General 
\par Suite 2-200E Judicial Center
\par 120 West O}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Brien Drive
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par BEFORE: BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ, Chief Justice, PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR., Associate Justice, and JOHN A. MANGLONA, Designated Justice.}{\insrsid12000255 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 CRUZ, C.J.:
\par }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [1]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Plaintiff-Appellant Bank of Guam petitioned the Superior Court for a writ of mandate compelling the Director of the Department of Administration}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s compliance with 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The lower court dismissed the claim by denying the writ of mandate on two grounds: (1) section 21111(b) is vague and unenforceable; 
and (2) Bank of Guam did not have a clear and present right under the statute.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bank of Guam alleges that both grounds were wrongly decided and that the Defendant-Appellee}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s award of a contract for banking services to Bank of Hawaii is in violation of Guam}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s Procurement Law, Chapter 5 of Title 5 of the Guam Code Annotated.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [2]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab We hold that section 21111(b) (1998) is ambiguous and therefore void.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
As such, the statute cannot be the basis for enjoining Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s performance.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Further, we find that }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  cannot be issued under the predecessor statute of section 21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Accordingly, we affirm the trial court}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s dismissal of Bank of Guam}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s Petition.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [3]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab In its Petition for Writ of Mandate, Bank of Guam also alleged that the award of the contract was in violation of the procurement statutes and regulations.}{\insrsid12000255  
}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Because the lower court did not address these issues, we remand for such determination. 
\par 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [4]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab In 1997, an independent third party, the Barents Group (}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Barents}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ), assessed the government}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s banking practices and relationships and reported that the Bank of Guam (}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 BOG}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ) had been the government}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s primary bank for day-to-day depository activity since the mid-1970s.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Barents indicated that BOG was the government}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s concentration bank,}{\cs15\super\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5049060 \chftn }{\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 According to Barents:
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5049060 A concentration bank acts as the central clearing house
 for government deposits and disbursements.  Although deposit accounts are usually established at all banks, within the government}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
s jurisdiction, money deposited at these secondary banks are electronically swept each day to a single account at the concent
ration bank.  This pooling of cash reserves at a single bank increases the ability of the government to monitor and control the flow of money through the banking system.  Without a pooled account in a concentration bank, the government cash manager is req
uired to track and invest small amounts of excess cash in many accounts.  This almost always reduces the government}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s investment earnings.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5049060 Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab G, Exh. A at p. 4.}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 a status it enjoyed without any official recognition.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 As the government}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s concentration bank, BOG at fiscal year-end 1996 had seven demand deposit accounts aggregating to $34.1 million, ten ordinary savings accounts totaling $15.6 million, thirteen certificates of deposit amounting to $43.5 million, and $68.3 milli
on in nineteen trust accounts.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Barents observed that the government maintained an excessive number of bank accounts at BOG, a practice that increased its cost of banking, reduced the government}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s ability to earn a higher investment yield, and limited the cash manager}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s ability to manage liquidity.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Barents also observed that the true economic cost of the relationship with BOG was unknown because the bank generated no reports detailing the cost of services rendered }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 vis-}{\i\insrsid12000255 \'e0}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 -vis}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  compensating balances left in the government}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s various demand accounts.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Based in part on these observations, Barents concluded that it was in the government}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s interest to bid out its banking business once every five years.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [5]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The first of these bids was a July 30, 1998 Request For Proposal (}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 RFP}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The RFP gave the procedure for the government}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s selection of a concentration bank.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The RFP called for the various bidding banks to submit non-price data which would be used to analyze and rank the respective banks.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
After establishing relative rankings, the government was to negotiate a contract with the bank receiving the highest non-price rating.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 If negotiations proved unsuccessful, the 
government would then negotiate with the next highest-rated bank.}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [6]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Bank of Hawaii, BOG, and First Hawaiian Bank submitted proposals.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The Department of Administration rated each proposal according to the non-price factors, with Bank of Hawaii receiving the highest rating (366.00), BOG coming in at a close second (364.50), and First Hawaiian Bank at a distant third.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Reidy thereafter negotiated a contract with Bank of Hawaii, and on or about November 16, 1998, informed the banks of the government}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s intent
 to award the contract to Bank of Hawaii.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [7]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Bank of Guam responded by sending a letter on November 20, 1998 which claimed that the contract should have been awarded to it.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 In a letter dated December 9, 1998, BOG gave formal grounds for protest: (1) the contract was in violation of 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b); (2) the contract violated 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5008; (3)
 the method of evaluation was subjective, creating potential for external influence on evaluators; (4) certain entries in the evaluation appeared altered; (5) the pricing difference between the two banks was substantially in favor of BOG; and (6) the cont
ract was in violation of federal banking policies pertaining to the preservation and maintenance of minority banks.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 On December 21, 1998, while BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s protest ensued, the Legislature repealed and reenacted section 21111(b).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 On December 23, 1998, Reidy responded to the protest, deciding that each of BOG}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s grounds were either without merit or not meriting consideration.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [8]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab On December 24, 1998 BOG filed a Petition for Writ of Mandate at the Superior Court seeking to enjoin Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s compliance with section 21111(b), as repealed and reenacted (}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
section 21111(b) (1998)}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The trial court then issued an Alternative Writ of Mandate on December 31, 1998 ordering Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s compliance with section 21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 On January 14, 1999, Reidy moved for dismissal of the Petition pursuant to Rules 12(b)(6) and 12(b)(7) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
At a scheduling hearing held on March 12, 1999, Reidy withdrew the Rule 12(b)(6) motion and moved for a hearing on the merits of the petition.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [9]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The hearing on the merits was held on April 9, 1999.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The trial court thereafter granted Reidy}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s motion, stating in its Decision and Order that it would limit its review to the most dispositive argument.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bank of Guam v. Reidy
}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , CV2928-98 (Super. Ct. Guam Aug. 13, 1999).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The lower court proceeded to dismiss the petition on grounds that Reidy could not be compelled to act as section 21111(b) (1998) is vague and unenforceable.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Specifically, the statute fails to provide adequate guidance for Reidy in resolving the provision which requires that funds be deposited }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 pro rata }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
in the several banks that provide the Territory}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s long-term capital credit needs and the provision in which fu
nds are to be deposited in a single, most qualified and most responsible bank.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Id.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The lower court also decided that, even if it were possible to enjoin Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s performance, there was no guarantee that BOG would benefit under the statute.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Id.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 II.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [10]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab We have jurisdiction to review a petition for writ of mandate pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  3107 (1994).
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 III.}{\b\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 A.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [11]\tab }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The extraordinary remedy of }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  normally lies within the discretion of the trial court.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bondoc v. Worker}{\i\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s Compensation Comm}{
\i\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 n}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 6, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6; Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202 (1993); s}{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ee also Fallini v. Hodel}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 783 F.2d 1343, 1345 (9th Cir. 1986) (citations omitted); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Garcia v. Taylor}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
, 40 F.3d 299, 301 (9th Cir. 1994) (citing to }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Fallini}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ) (superceded by statute on other grounds); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Oregon Natural Resources Council v. Harrell}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 52 F.3d 1499, 1508 (9th Cir. 1995).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 We review the denial of a petition for writ of mandate for an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bondoc}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 6 at }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
A trial court abuses its discretion when its decision is based on clearly erroneous factual findings or an incorrect legal standard.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Fallini}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 783 F.2d at 1345.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 We will not reverse a trial court}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s decision unless we have a definite and firm conviction that it committed a clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon weighing of the relevant factors.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Santos v. Carney}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 1997 Guam 4, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 4 (citation omitted).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [12]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Whether BOG has satisfied the elements for }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  is a question of law reviewed }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 de novo}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 .}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Bondoc}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 6 at }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 cf. Oregon Natural Resources Council}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
, 52 F.3d at 1508 (providing authority that elements of the }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  test are reviewed }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 de novo}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ).
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [13]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Generally, in reviewing a petition for }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 relief, the petitioner must show there is }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (1) [a] clear, present and usually ministerial duty on the part of
 the respondent; and (2) [a] clear, present and beneficial right in the petitioner to the performance of that duty.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12000255  }
{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Baldwin-Lima Hamilton Corp. v. Superior Court}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 208 Cal. App. 2d 803, 813, 25 Cal. Rptr. 798, 8
05, (Ct. App. 1962) (describing basic requirements of analogous California writ of mandate statute); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 see }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202, 31203 (1993); 
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [14]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The primary purpose of }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  is the enforcement of a plain, nondiscretionary legal duty to act.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 31202; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 see generally}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Farrington v. Fairfield}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 194 Cal. App. 2d 237, 239, 16 Cal. Rptr. 119, 120 (Ct. App. 
1961).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  will not issue to compel performance of an act by one not having a clear, present, and usually ministerial duty to perform that act.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Baldwin-Lima Hamilton Corp.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  208 Cal. App. 2d at 813, 25 Cal. Rptr. at 805.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The duty to perform must 
exist at the time of application for the writ.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Treber v. Superior Court}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 68 Cal. 2d 128, 134, 65 Cal. Rptr. 330, 334-35 (1968).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Mandamus }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 will not lie to compel the performance of future acts or for possible refusal to perform a future duty or to forestall anticipated error.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Communist Party v. Peek}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 20 Cal. 2d 536, 540, 127 P.2d 889, 892 (1942); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Northridge Park County Water Dist. v. McDonnell}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 158 Cal. App. 2d 123, 127-28, 322 P.2d 25, 28 (1958) (citations omitted).
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [15]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab In addition to there being an enjoinable duty, }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 will not issue unless the petitioner demonstrates a clear entitlement to the writ by a showing that it is necessary to enforce or protect a specific legal right.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See City of San Diego v. Andrews}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 195 Cal. 111, 120, 231 P. 726, 729 (1924).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The right must exist in the petitioner when the proceeding is brought, and cannot be a right that may arise in the future.}
{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Northridge Park County Water Dist}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 . 158 Cal. App. 2d at 127-28, 322 P.2d at 28.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Th
e right must be clear and certain.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Berry v. Coronado Bd. of Educ.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 238 Cal. App. 2d 391, 397, 47 Cal. Rptr. 727, 731 (Ct. App. 1965).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Further, the right must be substantial.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Silva v. Cypress}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 204 Cal. App. 2d. 374, 376, 22 Cal. Rptr. 453, 455 (Ct. App. 1962).

\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [16]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Before we may reach the issue of the petitioner}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s showing of a correlative duty and right, however, we must first examine the legal basis for the duty and any ostensible rights.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Thus, the first inquiry is whether it is possible to inte
rpret section 21111(b) (1998), or its predecessor statute, as having, in correlation, a duty on the part of Reidy and a right existing in BOG.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
We review issues of statutory construction and interpretation }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 de novo.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Pangelinan v. Gutierrez}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 11, at }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7.}{\cs15\super\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5049060 \chftn }{\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
Reidy argues that section 21111(b) (1998) is not applicable because the statute became law after notice of the government}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s intent to award the banking services contract to Bank of Hawaii.  Indeed, there
 is a presumption against retroactive application of new laws to pending cases.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060 In re Arrowhead Estates Dev. Co.}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 , 42 F.3d 1306, 1311 (9th Cir. 1994).  Also, }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 [r]etroactive legislation presents problems of unfair
ness that are more serious than those posed by prospective legislation, because it can deprive citizens of legitimate expectations and upset transactions.}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060   }{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060 Gen. Motors Corp. v. Romein}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 , 503 U.S. 181, 191, 112 S.Ct. 1105, 1112 (1992).  However, if we were to hold that the statute did not apply, it would follow that Title 5 GCA 
}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  21111 (1993) applies.  In this opinion, we hold that mandamus cannot lie under either the 1998
 or 1993 codifications of section 21111(b).}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 B.}{\b\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [17]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab We begin here by reviewing the history of section 21111(b).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 In 1953, the Legislature passed Bill No. 55, which became P.L. 2-9 and was later codified at Section 6300 et seq. of Chapter 3 of Title VII of the Government Code of Guam.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The statute described how the government was to manage its liquidity, including cash deposits.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Section 6310 provided:}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Deposit.}{\b\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The Director of Finance may direct that any moneys belonging to, and under the control of, the government of Guam, in the hands of the Treasurer shall be deposited to the credit of the Government in eligible banks.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Any sum so deposited is deemed to be in the treasury of Guam.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par Guam Govt. Code }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6310 (1953).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
In 1965, the Legislature amended section 6310 to provide:
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Deposit.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The Director of Finance may direct that any moneys belonging to, and under the control of, the government of Guam, in the hands of the Treasurer shall be deposited to the credit of the Government in eligible banks;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Provided, however, that no one eligibl
e bank shall receive more than fifty per cent (50%) of such moneys so deposited by the Treasurer in eligible banks.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Any sum so deposited is deemed to be in the Treasury of Guam.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par Guam Govt. Code }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6310 (1965).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
A few years later, the Legislature again changed the statute, this time to provide:
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Deposit.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (a) }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The Director of Finance may direct that any moneys belonging to, and under the control of, the government of Guam, in the hands of the Treasurer shall be deposited to the credit of the Government in eligible banks.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Any sum so deposited is deemed to be in the Treasury of Guam.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (b) Policy.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 It is the 
policy of the government of Guam that government funds shall be deposited in eligible banks in proration as those eligible banks meet the long-term capital credit needs of the Territory.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Capital credit}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  is defined to include loans made for equity investments, purchase of real estate and other loans repayable in not less than five years.}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (c) Rules & Regulations.}{\b\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The Governor may make rules and regulation
s which shall be promulgated by Executive Order to implement the provisions of this Section.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par Guam Govt. Code }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6310 (1968).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Section 6300 was eventually codified at Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [18]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab On December 21, 1998, the Legislature repealed and reenacted section 21111(b) to provide as follows:}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (b) Procurement Requirements.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Government funds shall be deposited in eligible banks in pro-ration as those eligible banks meet the long term capital credit needs of Guam.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Capital credit}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 is defined to include loans made for equity investments, purchase of real estate and other payables in }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 not}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  less than five (5) years.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The provisions of the Guam Procurement Law (}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5001, }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 et seq.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , Title 5 Guam Code Annotated) shall be applicable to deposit of funds, to the extent that such funds shall be deposited in a b
ank most qualified, most responsible, considering local preference laws, and submitting the lowest cost or pricing in maintaining such deposits.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [19]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab We agree with Reidy and the trial court that section 21111(b) (1998) is ambiguous and thus unenforceable.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
When the Twenty-fourth Guam Legislature repealed and reenacted subsection (b), it rewrote the statute using positive language, thereby providing for mandatory action, arguably Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s duty under the statute.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 However, a plain reading of the language of the statute reveals that subsection (b) contradicts itself.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
See Pangelinan v. Gutierrez}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 11, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  23 (}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 In cases involving statutory construction, the plain language of a statute must be the starting point.}
{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ) (citations omitted).
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [20]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The first sentence reveals the legislative intent that }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 funds shall be deposited in eligible banks in pro-ration as those eligible banks meet the long term capital credit needs of Guam}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 .}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Thus, the statute clearly directs that funds be deposited in }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 several}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  banks.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The final sentence of subsection (b) then countermands the first, and evinces the clear intent that funds }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 shall be deposited in a bank most qualified, most responsible, considering local preference laws, and submitting the lowest cost or pricing in maintaining such deposits.}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Id.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The langua
ge of the final sentence reveals the intent that funds be deposited in a }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 single}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  bank.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
The two sentences of the statute are in obvious and direct conflict with each other and are therefore void for uncertainty in meaning.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Great Lakes Pipe Line Co. v. Wetschensky}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 396 P.2d 295, 299 (Kan. 1964).}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [21]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Courts are reluctant to declare a statute void because of conflicting provisions.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
See Southern Canal Co. v. State Board of Water Engineers}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 318 S.W.2d 619, 624 (Tex. 1958); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Folks v. Barren County}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 232 S.W.2
d 1010, 1013 (Ken. 1950).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 It is axiomatic that in interpreting a statute courts are to look to legislative intent in an effort to harmonize conflicting provisions.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Southern Canal Co.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 318 S.W.2d at 624; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Folks}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 232 S.W.2d at 1013;}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
 Great Lakes Pipe Line Co.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 396 P.2d at 299.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
However, where a statute is so internally contradictory that any effort to enforce it would be wholly impossible, courts have no alternative but to render the statute void.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Southern Canal Co.}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 318 S.W.2d at 624 (citations omitted).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Our reading of subsection (b) of section 21111 (1998) impels us to declare it void.}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [22]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Further, when faced with a statute that contains contradictory legislative directives, a court cannot simply elect to give effect to one directiv
e over the other in an effort to save the statute.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Such would be an exercise in judicial legislation, which is clearly not the prerogative of the courts.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Great Lakes Pipe Line Co.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 396 P.2d at 300.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Because the statute is void for ambiguity, there ca
nnot be any duty in Reidy, or correlative right in BOG, flowing from the 1998 enactment.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Further, because we hold that the 1998 enactment is void,}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
the prior enactment and codification of subsection (b) remains in force.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See State ex rel. Clover Valley Lumber Co. v.}{\i\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Sixth Judicial Dist. Ct.}{\i\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 in and for Pershing County}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 83 P.2d 1031, 1034 (Nev. 1938) (declaring valid and effective a prior enactment}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 where its later amended version was found to be invalid);}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Rosenfield v.}{\i\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Drake}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 170}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 A. 414, (Pa. Super.
 Ct. 1934) (holding that a statute that is held to be invalid does not act to repeal its predecessor unless the statute employs language showing an intent to repeal the earlier statute even if later found invalid); }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
see also Dewrell v. Kearly}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 32 So.2d 812, 814 (Ala. 1947).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 A reading of the prior law, enacted in 1968 and later codified as 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b) (1993), reveals that the statute does not suffer from the contradictory language which resulted in our invalid
ation of the 1998 enactment.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 We find this predecessor version to be valid.}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [23]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The next issue is whether there is a duty in Reidy and correlative right in BOG, flowing from the predecessor statute, which is valid and remains in force.}{\insrsid12000255 
 }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 We find that there is none.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The 1968 enactment speaks in permissive language.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b) (1993).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The statute describes, in normative language, a policy of deploying government funds to banks that support long-term capital credit needs of Guam.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See id}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 .}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The statute does not give any direction.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Therefore, under the 1968 enactment, there is no duty on the part of Reidy.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Because the statute merely states government policy of favoring certain eligible banks, and does not
 affirmatively direct that moneys be deposited in these banks, BOG clearly cannot claim any beneficial right under the statute.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
There can be no beneficial right to the performance of a duty where no duty exists. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 C.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [24]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab We now turn to the question of whether }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  must issue.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 We hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s petition for writ of mandate.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [25]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab This court has had occasion to review lower court denials of writs of mandate.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  
}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 e.g.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ,}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  Holmes v. Territorial Land Use Comm}{\i\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 n}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 1998 Guam 8; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bondoc}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 6.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 In }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Guam Publications}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , we announced generic guidelines to consider when deciding whether to issue the writ.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Guam Publications }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 1996 Guam 6 at }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  11.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 These guidelines are whether: }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
1) [t]he party seeking the writ has no other adequate means, such as direct appeal, to attain the relief he or she desires; 2) [t]he petitioner will be damaged or prejudiced in a way not correctable on appeal; 3) [t]he court}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s order is clearly erroneous as a matter of law; 4) [t]he court}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s order is an oft-repeated error, or manifests a persistent disregard of the rules; and 5) [t]he court}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s order raises new and important problems, or issues of law or first impression.}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Id.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  (citation omitted).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 These guidelines normally apply }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
to confine an inferior court to a lawful exercise of its prescribed jurisdiction or to compel it to exercise its authority when it is its duty to do so.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Id. }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 at }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  10 (citations omitted).}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [26]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Since }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Guam Publications}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , we have consistently held that the list of guidelines is not inclusive.}{
\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See People v. Superior Ct. of Guam (Quint)}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 1997 Guam 7, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  8; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 People v. Superior Ct. of Guam (Bruneman)}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 1998 Guam 24, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  6.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Nevertheless, }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
is extraordinary relief, and so we take this occasion to review the law of }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  in this jurisdiction.}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }{\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [27]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab According to statute, a writ of mandate:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [M]ay be issued by any court, except a commissioner's cour
t or police court, to any inferior tribunal, corporation, board, or person to compel the performance of an act which the law specially enjoins, as a duty resulting from an office, trust, or station; or to compel the admission of a party to the use and enj
oyment of a right or office to which he is entitled, and from which he is unlawfully precluded by such inferior tribunal, corporation, board, or person.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The writ:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
must be issued in all cases where there is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 It must be issued on the verified petition of the party beneficially interested.}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31203.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
Thus, when a court decides whether to issue a writ, it must inquire whether the following conditions exist:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 (i)\tab Is the respondent an inferior tribunal, corporation, board or person?}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202;
\par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12000255 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx1440\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Has the respondent failed to perform a clear, present duty, having the legal authority and present ability to do so?}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7 GCA }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202 }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Treber v. Superior Court}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
, 68 Cal. 2d 128, 134 65 Cal. Rptr. 330, 334 (Ct. App. 1968);}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx1440\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Does the duty entail ministerial action, the assumption of jurisdiction, the exercise of discretion or the abuse of discretion?}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
See State Bd. of Equalization v. Watson}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 68 Cal. 2d 307, 66 Cal. Rptr. 377 (1968);
\par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx1440\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Does the petitioner have a clear, present right, }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 see }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31202; }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Berry v. Coronado Bd. Of Educ.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
, 238 Cal. App. 2d 391, 47 Cal. Rptr. 727 (Ct. App. 1965), and beneficial interest in the performance of the respondent}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s duty?}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
See Silva v. Cypress}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 204 Cal. App. 2d. 374, 22 Cal. Rptr. 453 (Ct. App. 1962);}{\insrsid5049060 
\par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 LISTNUM AutoList3 \\l 1}}{\fldrslt \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Does the petitioner have another remedy at law, and if so, is it adequate?}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31203; and
\par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx1440\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12000255 {
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Is the petition verified?}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  7 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  31203.
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [28]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Although Reidy}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s office is an 
inferior person, our construction of the 1968 enactment reveals that there is no duty on the part of Reidy and BOG does not have a clear, present right and beneficial interest in the performance of a non-existent duty.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s petition for writ of mandate compelling Reidy to deposit funds at the bank.

\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 D.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [29]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Bank of Guam, in its Petition for Writ of Mandate, invoked the lower court}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s jurisdiction under Title 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5480 of the Procurement Law.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Bank of Guam also made specific allegations that the award of the contract was in violation of procurement laws.}{\cs15\super\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid5049060 \chftn }{\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
First, the award of the banking services contract to Bank of Hawaii was in violation of the policy in favor of local procurement as codified at 5 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  5008. }{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, pp. 3}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 4, }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
 11 (Petition for Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989).  Second, Reidy}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
s denial of the protest was improper under GSA regulations 3-207.06.2 (concerning evaluation of RFPs) and 3-207.09.1 (concerning discussions with offerors).}{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060   }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{
\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, p. 4, }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  13(a) (Petition for Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989).  Third, Reidy}{
\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s negotiations with Bank of Hawaii were in violation of GSA regulation 3-207.12.2 (concerning elements of negotiations). }{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 Plaintiff-Appellant}{
\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, pp. 4-5, }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
 13(b) (Petition for Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989).  Fourth, Reidy did not comply with certain subsections of regulat
ion 3-203.14 (concerning discussions with individual offerors) or with regulation 3-207.12.6 (concerning the re-solicitation of bids).  Plaintiff-Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, p. 5, }{
\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  13(b) (Petition for
 Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989).  Fifth, Reidy did not comply with regulation 3-203.14 (concerning negotiations with bidders submitting acceptable bids), Plaintiff-Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 
s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, p. 6, }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  
13(d) (Petition for Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989), or the submission of best and final offers. }{\i\fs20\insrsid5049060  }{\fs20\insrsid5049060 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid6031699 '}{\fs20\insrsid5049060 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, p.6, }{
\fs20\insrsid5049060 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid5049060  13(e) (Petition for Writ of Mandate, Dec. 24, 1989).}}}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Ban
k of Guam prayed for mandamus relief compelling Reidy to deposit funds in accordance with section 21111(b) (1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 The bank did not pray specifically for judicial review of Reidy}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s decision in its petition.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 In the instant appeal, BOG seeks review of the procurement issues raised in the lower court.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [30]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab The record reveals that, in response to BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s protest of the bid award, Reidy informed BOG of its right to judicial review in a letter dated December 23, 1998.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Plaintiff-Appellant}{
\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s Excerpts of Record, Tab A, Exh. H (Petition for Writ of Mandate, December 24, 1998).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
This letter appears to be the procurement officer}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 s decision allowing a bidder to seek judicial relief.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5425(c) (1996).}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 After receiving such decision, the Superior Court obtained jurisdiction over the matter.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Title 5 GCA }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  5480 (1996); s}{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 ee also}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Pacific Rock Corp. v. Dept. of Educ.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 2000 Guam 19, }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  26.
\par }{\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [31]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab Because BOG brought its petition pursuant to the Procurement Law, the lower court had jurisdiction to review both the request that Reidy be compelled to comply with 5 GCA }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b) as well as BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s protest.}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 While the lower court determined that }{\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 mandamus}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  could not lie under 5 GCA }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255  21111(b), the lower court failed to address the issues BOG raised with respect to the bid.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Where the trial court has erroneously failed to exercise its discretion, an appellate court may either remand or, if the record is sufficiently developed, decide the issue itself.}{\insrsid12000255  }{
\i\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 See Wharf v. Burlington Northern R. Co.}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 , 60 F.3d 631, 637 (9th Cir. 1995).}{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Because the record is insufficie
nt to resolve the protest issues BOG raises, we express no opinion whatsoever on any of the protest issues raised in the lower court or on appeal and remand to the lower court for a determination of these issues. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 IV.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\b\insrsid12000255 
\par }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 [32]}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 \tab For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the trial court denying BOG}{\insrsid6031699\charrsid12000255 '}{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 
s Petition for Writ of Mandate is }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 AFFIRMED }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 and the case is }{\b\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 REMANDED }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 as to the remaining issues.}{
\insrsid12000255 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 JOHN A. MANGLONA\tab \tab \tab \tab  PETER C. SIGUENZA, JR.
\par Designated Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid12000255  }{\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 Associate Justice}{\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid12000255 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12000255 {\insrsid5049060\charrsid12000255 BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ
\par Chief Justice
\par }}