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Dumaliang et al v. Silan et al}{\fs20\insrsid13324359 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid13324359 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14574412 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid13324359  of 10
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid14574412 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 PETER S. DUMALIANG, RUDOLPH DEVERA, RODULFO CALIMLIM, CELY AQUINO, THELMA BARROZO, MYRNA RIVO, FEDERICO FLORES, JAMIE MONTANO, JOSE CARRERA,

\par and EVELYN GALANG,}{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Petitioners-Appellees,}{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
MERLINA SILAN, ANDRES PADILLA, JR., EFREN MARQUEZ, JOSIE GATMEN, BELLA MARQUES, CLARITO VIRAY, LOLITA GAGAOIN, DOMY FERNANDEZ, LUIS DEVERA, CARMELI
TA ORALLO, PETE YANZA, LUDOVINA ANTOLIN, MEDY GLORIA, PEDRO MANDAPAT, LILIA BASTO, ERNESTO MENDOZA, and CHRIS MENDOZA, as Members of the Board of Directors of Pangasinan Community of Guam (Int}{\b\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 l), Inc.}{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ,
\par }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Respondents-Appellants.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Filed: September 8, 2000}{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Cite as: 2000 Guam 24}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Supreme Court Case No.:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 CVA99-050}{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Superior Court Case No.:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 SP0302-99
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Submitted on the Briefs May 4, 2000
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\par }{\ul\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Representing Respondents/Appellants}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 :
\par Board of Directors, }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Pro Se}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par P.O. Box 27043
\par G.M.F., Guam 96921
\par \cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Representing Petitioners/Appellees:}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par Mitchell F. Thompson, Esq.
\par Maher & Thompson, P.C.
\par 140 Aspinall Ave., Suite 201
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 BEFORE:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ, Chief Justice, PETER C. SIGUENZA, Associate Justice, and JOHN A. MANGLONA, Designated Justice}{\insrsid14574412 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 CRUZ, C.J.:}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [1]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Members of a nonprofit corporation filed a Petition for a Writ of Mandate in the trial court to compel the directors of the corporation to conduct a statutorily}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 required annual election of the board of directors.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The directors refused to conduct the election claiming an exemption from the statute.}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The trial court issued a Peremptory Writ of Mandate and the directors appealed.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
We hold that the corporation is required by law to conduct an annual election of directors and affirm the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s issuance of the Peremptory Writ of Mandate.}{\insrsid14574412 

\par 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [2]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab The Pangasinan Community of Guam (Int}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 l) Inc. (hereinafter }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 PCOG}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ) is a non-stock, nonprofit corporation that was organized in Guam in 1984.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The PCOG}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
s Articles of Incorporation filed on October 2, 1984, and its Constitution and By-laws, require it to conduct an annual election of its Board of Directors}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 in October at its general membership meeting.
}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 However, on October 13, 1998, the PCOG}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s Articles of Incorporation, Constitution and By-laws were amended in a referendum and
 the tenure of the Board of}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Directors was extended from one to two years.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Appellees, members of the PCOG (hereinafter }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Members}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ), who had opposed the tenure extension, submitted a written request, dated October 14, 1999, to the Appellants, the Board of Directors (hereinafter }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Board}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ), to comply with the statutory requirement to conduct an annual election in October.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
The Board did not respond to the request and did not conduct the annual election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Thereafter, the Members filed a Petition for Writ of Mandate in the Superior Court on October 21, 1999 to compel the Board to conduct the election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
The trial court issued an Alternative Writ of Mandate commanding the Board to conduct the election or show cause why it should not do so.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
The Board refused to conduct the election and on November 8, 1999 the matter came before the trial court.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [3]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab In it}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
s Decision and Order of November 10, 1999, the trial court found that an annual election of directors was required by 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  2202 and that the amended bylaw was inconsistent with this section.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Pursu
ant to its Decision and Order, the trial court issued a Peremptory Writ of Mandate on November 17, 1999 ordering the Board to conduct the election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Again, the Board refused to conduct the election, and, on December 10, 1999, the trial court issued an Order for Appointment of Commissioners to Conduct Election (hereinafter }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Order to Conduct Election}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 However, on December 6, 1999, prior to the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s Order to Con
duct Election, the Board filed a Notice of Appeal.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 II.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [4]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab This court has jurisdiction pursuant to Title 7 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  3107, (1994).
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [5]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab The trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
s grant of mandamus relief is reviewed to determine if it is supported by substantial evidence.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Holmes v. Territorial Land Use Comm}{\i\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 n}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , 1998 Guam 8, }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 6 (citation omitted).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 However, as in the present case, if the underlying facts are not in dispute, this court may review the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s issuance of mandamus }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 de}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 novo}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 .}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [6]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab 
In their appeal, the Board alleges that the PCOG, as a nonprofit corporation, is governed by Title 18 Guam Code Annotated Part 2, Chapter 10, entitled Religious & Nonprofit Corporations.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
The Board claims that since no provision in Chapter 10 requires an annual election of directors, the amended bylaw is valid.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The Members take the position that the PCOG is govern
ed by 18 GCA Part 1, The General Corporation Law; that Section 2202 of this part expressly requires an annual election of directors; and, therefore, that the amended bylaw is illegal.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [7]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab }{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 A writ of mandate is an extraordinary remedy that may be issued by
 a court to compel the performance of an act which the law specifically enjoins, only if the party seeking the writ has no plain, speedy or adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Title 7 GCA }
{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 31202 - 31203, (1993); }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Holmes}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , 1998 Guam 8 at }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  11.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 At oral argument in the trial court, the Board argued that the Members}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 mandamus action was in actuality a derivative action and that the Members failed to comply with the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 We find the Board}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s argument unpersuasive.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 A derivative action is brought by a shareholder to }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 enforce a }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 right}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  of a corporation.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Guam R. Civ. P. 23.1 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
In the present case, the Members brought legal action not to enforce a right held by the PCOG, but to enforce a legal obligation imposed upon the PCOG by express law, which is precisely what 7 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  31202 contemplates and permits.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Thus, we find that a Petition for Writ of Mandate was the only adequate remedy available to the Members.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [8]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab With regard to whether the PCOG is enjoined to conduct an annual election, the laws applicable to corporations are contained in Guam}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s corporate laws, codified in Parts 1 and 2 of Division 1 of Title 18 of the Guam Code Annotated.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Part 1 is known as }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The General Corporation Law,}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 1101, (1992), and governs the formation of private corporations.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Part 2 addresses }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Special Corporate Forms}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  and regulates }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 religious and nonprofit}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  corporations.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 See}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  10101- 10102, (1992).
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [9]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Of particular importance is 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  1103 which provides in part:}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The provisions of this Part [18 GCA Part 1] are applicable to every private corporation, profit or }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
nonprofit}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , stock or nonstock, now existing or hereafter formed, and the outstanding or future securities thereof, unless such corporation be expressly excepted from the operation thereof
, or there be a special provision, in relation to any class thereof inconsistent with some provision of this Part, in which case the special provision prevails.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  1103, (1992)}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 (emphasis added).
}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Therefore, unless there is an express exemption or inconsistent special provision, the PCOG is subject to 18 GCA Part}{\insrsid14574412  1,The General Corporation Law.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [10]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Turning to the Board}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s argument, it claims that, notwithstanding it
s secular status, the PCOG falls under the purview of Chapter 10 }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 via}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Section 10101.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
This section, referring to nonprofit corporations, states:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
[a]ny number of persons, associated together for any lawful purpose other than pecuniary profit, may incorporate their said association, as provided in this Chapter.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  10101, (1992).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 While Section 10101 makes no mention of its application solely to religious corporations, it cannot be}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 interpreted in a vacuum.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
All the other sections within Chapter 10 refer explicitly to and are applicable only to religious corporations or corporations sole and Section 10101 must be read within this context.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [11]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Further, the Board does not dispute that the P}{\insrsid14574412 COG, is not a corporation sole.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 We do not aver that PCOG is a corporation sole}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 but what we believe is that once an association is incorporated as a Non-Profit, it is t
reated as a Special Corporation and governed by Chapter 10 of the Guam Code Annotated and is not submit to the annual election restriction applicable to ordinary corporation for profit.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par Appellants}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Reply Brief at 3}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Since the PCOG is ne
ither a religious corporation nor corporation sole, none of the sections within Chapter 10 are applicable to it.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Thus, Chapter 10 does not expressly exempt the PCOG from the operation of The General Corporation Law.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Moreover, the Board does not allege no
r could this court find any inconsistent special provision exempting the PCOG from the annual election requirement.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [12]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab The court notes that the Board also claims, for the first time on appeal, that the PCOG is governed by the Code of Federal Regulations 
because of its status as a nonprofit corporation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 As a general rule, this court will not address arguments raised for the first time on appeal.}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 See Guam v. Villacrusis}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , Crim. No. 91-00089A, 1992 WL 97217, at *1 (D. Guam Ap. Div. Apr. 16, 1992) (citations omitted); }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Fisherman}{\i\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s Tavern, Inc. v. Compass Int}{\i\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 l. Inc}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
., CVA99-002 (Order Nov. 1, 1999).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 While this court recognizes exceptions to this rule,}{\cs15\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid13324359 \chftn }{\insrsid13324359  }{\fs20\insrsid13324359 This rule is discretionary, and an appellate court may 
recognize such exceptions as:  (1) when review is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to preserve the integrity of the judicial process; (2) when a change in law raises a new issue while an appeal is pending; and (3) when the issue is purely 
one of law. }{\i\fs20\insrsid13324359 Villacrusis}{\fs20\insrsid13324359 , Crim. No. 91-00089A, 1992 WL 97217, at * 1.}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  this}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 argument conflicts with the Board}{
\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s primary issue that the PCOG is governed by Part 2 of 18 GCA and is entirely unpersuasive.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Thus, the Board}{
\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s argument herein will not be consider}{\insrsid14574412 ed.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [13]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab 
It is painfully obvious to this court that the PCOG is a nonprofit organized under Part 1 of Title 18 GCA, The General Corporation Law, and not under Part 2 of Title 18 GCA, which pertains to religious corporations.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Section 2202 of The General Corporation Law states:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [T]he directors of the corporation shall be elected annually by the stockholders if it be a stock corporation or by the members if it be a nonstock corporation.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  2202, (1992).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Further, section 4101 provides in part: }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Corporate Powers enumerated.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Every corporation has the power:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 . . .}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 (g) To make bylaws, not inconsistent with any existing law, for the fixing or changing of the number of its officers and directors within the limits prescribed by law . . . .}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Title 18 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  4101(g), (1992).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Pursuant to the aforementioned statutes, we find that the amended bylaw is inconsistent with law and was beyond the power of the corporation to make.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Finally, we note that the Board seems to ignore its own Articles of Incorporation that}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 directly indicate the law under which the PCOG was organized.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Section 4.01 of the Articles of Incorporation states:}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [t]his corporation is organized pursuant to the }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 General Corporation Law of Guam}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  . . . .}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Record on Appeal at Tab 1, Petition for Writ of Mandate, Exh. 1, Articles of Incorporation}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  4.01 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Section 2202 specifically enjoins the PCOG to conduct the annual election and the Members are entitled to the Writ of Mandate. 7 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  31202.}{\insrsid13324359 
\par }{\insrsid14574412\charrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [14]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Lastly, we note the Board}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
s argument that the trial court was divested of jurisdiction upon the filing of the Notice of Appeal and that the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s subsequent Order Appointing Commissioners is void.}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The so-called divestiture rule holds that a trial court is divested of jurisdiction once a notice of appeal is timely filed.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 See, e.g}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ., }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Bitanga v. Angoco}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , 2000 Guam 5, }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  8 and 9;}{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 United States v. Powell}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
, 24 F.3d 28, 31 (9}{\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 th}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Cir. 1994).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
It is a judge-made rule designed to avoid confusion or waste of time from having two courts considering the same issues at the same time. }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Powell, }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 24 F.3d at 31}{
\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 .}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 However, given the rule}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s purposes, it should not be used to defeat its purpose or
 to induce needless paper shuffling.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\i\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Thus, appellate courts have recognized exceptions such as post-appeal motions to the trial court that are in furtherance of the appeal.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 See Travelers Ins. Co. v. Lilijeberg Ent. Inc}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 ., 38 F.3d 1404, 1408 (5}{\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 th}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Cir. 1994).
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [15]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab We note the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s decision in }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Lara v. Secretary of the Interior, }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 820 F.2d 1535 (9}{\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 th}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Cir. 1987).}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 In }{
\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Lara}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 , which involved a dispute of mining and mineral claims, the district court ruled against the plaintiff, Lara, and ordered him to vacate his claims.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id. }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 at}{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 1538.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Shortly after this order was issued, Lara filed a notice of appeal.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Judgment was not entered until after Lara filed his appeal.}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 This judgment also authorized the issuance of a writ of assistance.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{
\i\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Part of Lara}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
s claim on appeal was that the district court lacked jurisdiction to issue the writ of assistance because the notice of appeal had already been filed.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
 at 1542-1543.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [e]ven if Lara}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s prejudgment notice of appeal divested the district court of jurisdiction, its authorization was proper,}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  and held that the district court may issue orders pending appeal to enforce its judgment.}{
\insrsid14574412  }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Id.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  at 1543 (citations omitted).
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [16]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab While there is no mistaking that the Board made a correct observation as to the divestiture rule, both Guam
 Rule of Civil Procedure 62(d) and Guam Rule of Appellate Procedure 12 require an appellant to make an application to the trial court for a stay of judgment pending appeal.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 We note the Board}{
\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Ex Parte }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Urgent Motion to Stay the Order to Conduct Election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 However, this motion was denied by the trial court and the Board subsequently failed to move this court for a stay of judgment pursuant to GRAP 12.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
Thus, the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s judgment has never been stayed.
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [17]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab In the trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s Decision and Order, the Members}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  Petition for a Writ of Mandate was granted.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Shortly thereafter, the trial court enforced this decision by issuing the Peremptory Writ.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 When the Board refused to comply with the Peremptory Writ, and after the Notice of Appeal was filed, the trial court enforced the Peremptory Writ with the Order to Conduct Election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Such an order}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 is}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 authorized by 7 GCA }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412  31214.}{\cs15\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid13324359 \chftn }{\insrsid13324359  }{\fs20\insrsid13324359 This section provides: 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid13324359 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid13324359 Writ of Mandate: Penalty.  When a}{\b\fs20\insrsid13324359  peremptory mandate}{\fs20\insrsid13324359  has been is
sued and directed to any inferior tribunal, corporation, board or person, if it appears to the court that any member of such tribunal, corporation, or board, or such person upon whom the writ has been personally served, has without just excuse refused or 
neglected to obey the same, the court may, upon motion, impose a fine not exceeding One Hundred Dollars.  In case of persistence in a refusal of obedience, the court may order the party to be imprisoned until the writ is obeyed, and }{
\b\fs20\insrsid13324359 may make any orders}{\fs20\insrsid13324359  necessary and proper for the complete enforcement of the writ.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid13324359 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid13324359 Title 7 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid13324359 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid13324359 
 31214, (1993) (emphasis added).}}}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Thus, the trial court, in ordering the appointment of commissioners to conduct the election was doing nothing more than enforcing its judgment.
\par }{\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [18]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab Consistent with }{\i\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Lara}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
, we find that the Order for Appointment of Commissioners to Conduct Election was issued by the trial court to enforce its judgment and hold that the trial court did not err in issuing this order after the Board filed its Notice of Appeal.}{
\cs15\super\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid13324359 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid13324359 
  This holding is not inconsistent with our holdings in }{\i\fs20\insrsid13324359 Bitanga v. Angoco}{\fs20\insrsid13324359 , 2000 Guam 5.  The distinction between Bitanga and the present case is clear.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid13324359 Bitanga}{
\fs20\insrsid13324359  involved the application of a statute expressly prohibiting the trial court from acting after the filing of an appeal from a }{\i\fs20\insrsid13324359 habeas corpus}{\fs20\insrsid13324359 
 proceeding.  In the present case, there exists no such statutory prohibition against the issuance of an order to enforce a judgment in a civil case.}}}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 IV.}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\b\insrsid14574412 
\par }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 [19]}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 \tab The Pangasinan Community of Guam Int}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 l., Inc. is a nonprofit corporatio
n organized under the General Corporation Law of Guam and is thereunder required to conduct an annual election of its Board of Directors.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 
The Members of the PCOG are therefore entitled to a Peremptory Writ of Mandate compelling the PCOG to conduct the election.}{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 The trial court}{\insrsid12811048\charrsid14574412 '}{
\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 s decision to grant a Peremptory Writ of Mandate is hereby }{\b\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 AFFIRMED}{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 .}{\insrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 PETER C. SIGUENZA\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 JOHN A. MANGLONA
\par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid14574412  }{\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 Designated Justice}{\insrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid14574412 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14574412 {\insrsid13324359\charrsid14574412 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ
\par Chief Justice
\par }}