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\i\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 Craftworld Interiors, Inc. v. King Enters.}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 , }{\i\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 Inc.}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 CRAFTWORLD INTERIORS, INC.,}{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
\par }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 KING ENTERPRISES, INC.,}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
\par Defendant-Appellee.}{\insrsid8193464 
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA97-043
\par Superior Court Case No.:CV0914-94}{\b\insrsid8193464 
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Filed: June 2, 2000
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Cite as: 2000 Guam 17}{\insrsid8193464 
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\par }\pard \qc \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted May 7, 1998
\par Remanded June 25, 1998
\par Resubmittted May 25, 1999
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid8193464 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 For Plaintiff-Appellant}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 :
\par William C. Bischoff, Esq.
\par 134 Chalan Santo Papa, Suite 202
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 For Defendant-Appellee:}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
\par Ana Maria G. Gabriel, Esq.
\par Gayle & Teker
\par A Professional Corp.
\par 330 Hernan Cortes Ave., Suite 200
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 BEFORE: BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Chief Justice}{\cs15\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li-720\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f112\super\insrsid6699927 \chftn }{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 
 Although the case was first heard in 1998, the signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the Justices after remand to the trial court, at which time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
; PETER C. SIGUENZA and, JANET HEALY WEEKS}{\cs15\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li-720\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\f112\super\insrsid6699927 \chftn }{\f112\insrsid6699927  }{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 Justice Janet Healy Weeks resigned from the court after hearing oral arguments in this matter.}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 ; Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 CRUZ, J.:
\par }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [1]}{\insrsid8193464 \tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The Appellant, Craftworld Interiors, Inc. (hereinafter }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Craftworld}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
), and the Appellee King Enterprises, Inc. (hereinafter }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 King}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 ), entered into an agreement, the nature of which was the dispute in this case.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Craftworld raises the following issues on appeal: (1) whether the trial court erred in its factual findings, and (2) whether
 the trial court erred in allowing the introduction of parol evidence to explain or supplement the terms of the agreement between the parties.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
We determine that the trial court did not err in its factual findings and that the parol evidence was appropriately introduced.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [2]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Craftworld, a manufacturer of rattan furniture among other goods, entered into an agreement with King, a furniture retailer, regarding some rattan furniture.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Craftworld filed a complaint on June 21, 1994 after King stopped payment on a check issued to Craftworld as a result of that agreement regarding the rattan furniture.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
An oral agreement was entered into by the parties via Craftworld}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s and King}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s presidents, James Uy and Taro Lin}{
\cs15\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li-720\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f112\super\insrsid6699927 \chftn }{
\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927  Although the Appellee}{\f112\fs20\insrsid3673475 '}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 s Brief spells Mr. Lin}{\f112\fs20\insrsid3673475 '}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 s first name as }{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 Taro,}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 
 in the trial transcript it is spelled as }{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 Tallo.}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927   }}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , respectively, for the sale of furniture.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The dispute is whether the agreement was an outright sale of the goods or a consignment agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [3]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Initially, Craftworld began to sell its furniture out of one of Lin}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s furniture stores, but then the parties subsequently made the agreement which is now the subject of this litigation to have King sell the goods for Craftworld.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Eight (8) invoices were prepared by Neri Fernandez, the manager for King}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s store, listing the merchandise and prices totaling $49,466.80.}{\insrsid8193464  }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Each invoice was signed by Fernandez and under his signature it is noted, }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Received the above goods in good order and condition and agree with the terms and conditions.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Craftworld claims that this transaction was an outright sale of the furniture to King.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Two post-dated checks were issued by King to Craftworld, one for 90 days and the other for 180 days following the date of the agreement, November 30, 1993.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Two days after receiving the checks, Uy delivered to King a }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Cash/Charge Sales Invoice.}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 No one at King ever signed that document.}{\insrsid8193464  }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The first check was cashed and cleared.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 However, King stopped payment on the second check after it claimed they were unable to sell the furniture.}{\insrsid8193464  

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [4]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 A bench trial was held on June 10, 1996 and Craftworld attempted to exclude any evidence of a consignment sale as inadmissible parol evidence.}{
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\f112\fs20\insrsid6699927  Such evidence was primarily oral testimony and a letter prepared by a manager of King.}}}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Craftworld also contended that it was a holder in due course of the second unpaid check.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The trial court ruled in fa
vor of King finding that Craftworld was not a holder in due course, that the parol evidence rule did not bar the introduction into evidence of oral agreements relating to the transaction, and that the doctrine of course of dealing established that the agr
eement was actually a consignment.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The Judgment was entered and dated September 23, 1997, and a timely notice of appeal was immediately filed.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [5]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Because neither party included the invoices at issue in the Excerpts of Record, the only material upon which this court had to make an independent analysis was the trial court}{
\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s decision.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 We determined that the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s Decision and Order did not adequately provide factual and legal findings supporting its decision such that the issues before appeal could be determined.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Accordingly, this court remanded the case pursuant to Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 52(a), in order for the trial court to prepare Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law to aid this court in the appeal. }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Craftworld Interiors, Inc. v. King Enters.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , CVA97-043 (Order June 25, 1998).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The court below then filed such Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law on May 24, 1999.}{
\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 ANALYSIS}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [6]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The standard of review for conclusions of law is }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 de novo}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 . }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 GEDA v. Island Equip., Inc.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 1998 Guam 7, }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  4.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Findings of fact made by a trial court after a bench trial shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. Guam R. Civ. P. 52(a); }{
\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 see also}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Yang v. Hong}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 1998 Guam 9, }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  4.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Clear error was described in }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Yang}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
 as follows:}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [7]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
A finding is clearly erroneous when, even though some evidence supports it, the entire record produces the definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a mistake.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The appellate court 
accords particular weight to the trial judge's assessment of conflicting or ambiguous evidence.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The applicable standard of appellate review is narrow; the test is whether the lower court rationally could have found as it did, rather than whether the reviewing court would have ruled differently.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Yang}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 1998 Guam 9 at }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  7 (citation omitted).}{\insrsid8193464  In other words,
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 If the [trial] court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety, the court of appeals may not reverse it even though convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have weighed the evidence differently.}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 An appellate court must accept the lower court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s findings of fact unless upon review
 the appellate court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Haeuser v. Department of Law, Gov}{\i\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 t of Guam}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
, 1999 Guam 12, }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  14 (citations omitted).}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [8]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The issues in this case were defined by the parties as an appeal on the factual findings of the trial court and whether the trial court correctly admitted parol evidence.}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 However, both Craftworld and King also make substantive arguments as to the evidence admitted and the conc
lusion which the trial court made that the agreement was not a straight sale, but rather a consignment agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
This court need not get to the merits of the legal conclusions that the trial court made as a result of its factual findings.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The only legal
 question this court is faced with is the admissibility of parol evidence.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 1. Factual Findings}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [9]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The standard of review for findings of fact, then, is very deferential to the determinations of the trial court.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Given this standard, when faced with a party alleging error in the findings of fact or conclusions of law contained in a lower court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s opinion, appellate courts generally determine that the findings or conclusions are adequate enough to affirm.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 See, e.g., In re Allied Supermarkets, Inc.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
, 951 F.2d 718, 726 (6}{\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1991) (citation omitted); }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 In re Bradford}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 112 B.R. 347 (B.A.P. 9}{
\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1990) (}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
When a trial judge}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s finding is based on his decision to credit the testimony of one of two or more 
witnesses, each of whom has told a coherent and facially plausible story that is not contradicted by extrinsic evidence, that finding, if not internally inconsistent, can virtually never be clear error.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 ) (citing }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Anderson v. Bessemer City}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 470 U.S. 564, 574, 105 S.Ct. 1504, 1511 (1985)); 
}{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 County of Canyon v. Wilkerson}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 848 P.2d 435,}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 439-40 (Idaho Ct. App. 1993) (holding that deference should be given to the trial court}
{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s assessment of witness credibility).}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [10]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The situation in}{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Hawaiian Trust Co. v. Cowan}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
, 663 P.2d 634 (Haw. App. 1983), is somewhat similar to the instant case.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 In }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Hawaiian Trust}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
, the appellants alleged that certain findings were clearly erroneous in that they were not supported by the evidence yet the appellants failed to include trial transcripts in the record.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
By determining that the documentary evidence alone was insufficient in the absence of transcripts to determine whether clear error had been committed, the reviewing court was }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 [t]herefore ... compelled to leave the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s findings and conclusions undisturbed.}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Id}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 . at 638.}{\insrsid8193464  

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [11]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Similarly, Craftworld, though alleging error, has not provided the invoices at issue in its Excerpts of Record.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Moreover, Craftworld did not make clear arguments as to which of the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s factual determinations were clearly erroneous whereby this court could consider whether errors had indeed occurred.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 This court, then, must make its decision based solely on the trial court}{
\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s assessment of the evidence produced at trial and the credibility of the witnesses}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
 oral testimony at trial, to which we must give a high degree of deference.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 There was evidence upon which the trial court could have based its factual findings.}{\insrsid8193464  }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 We therefore determine that trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s factual findings are not clearly erroneous.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 2. Parol Evidence}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [12]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 For the parol evidence rule to apply it must first be established that there is a written agreement which was intended to be the final and complete embodiment of the parties}{
\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The trial court found that there was an oral agreement between the parties and that the invoices dated November 30, 1993 were the written confirmation of that agreement, satisfying the Statute of Frauds, Title 13 GCA }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  2201 (1993).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The issue is whether the trial court erred in allowing the introduction of parol evidence to alter or amend the written agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The parol evidence rule is as follows:}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 2202.}{
\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464  }{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Final Written Expression: Parol or Extrinsic Evidence.}{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set f
orth in a writing intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or
 supplemented:}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (a)\tab By course of dealing or usage of trade (}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 1205) or by course of performance (}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 2208); and}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (b)\tab By evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
find the writing to have been}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri1440\nowidctlpar\tx-720\faauto\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 13 GCA }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  2202 (1993).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The analysis is two-fold: (1) 
whether the parties have intended the writing to be the final and complete embodiment of their agreement, and (2) whether the parol evidence contradicts the terms of the writing, for then it is inadmissible to do so; parol evidence is only admissible to s
upplement or explain omissions or ambiguities. }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 See}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Enrico Farms, Inc. v. H.J. Heinz Co.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 629 F.2d 1304, 1306 (9}{
\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1980).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The trial court cited the case of }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Century Ready Mix Co. v. Lower & Co.}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 770 P.2d 692, 697 (Wyo. 1989), for the proposition that the burden of proof is on the party seeking to establish that the agreement was fully integrated.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 However, }{
\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Century}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  also held that the opposing party must establish the usage of trade argument in return.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Id.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [13]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Unfortunately, as has been stated above, the invoices were not made part of the record on appeal; therefore, their sufficiency as a complete and integrated writing is a difficult determination for this court to make.}{\insrsid8193464  }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Without any documentary evidence, the only basis on which to determine the intent of the parties is the trial transcript.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Again, this court must give deference to the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s opportunity to judge the credibility of the witnesses.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
See also Magnuson v. Video Yesteryear}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 85 F.3d 1424, 1427-28 (9}{\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1996).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
There was evidence produced at trial that the agreement was a consignment; the trial court then enumerated in its Decision and Order that the agreement was an oral consignment sale.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Clearly, the court must have concluded that Craftworld had not met its burden of proof that the invoices were a complete and integrated expression of its agreement with King.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Based on that finding, the court allowed in the parol evidence to explain the missing or ambiguous terms of the agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The trial court construed the insertion of }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 90 and 180 days}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  on the invoice below the box labeled }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Terms}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  to be ambiguous.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Furthermore, it construed the checks which were dated for 90 and 180 days after November 30, 1995 to be non-indicative of a sale and instead indicative of a consignment agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
In light of the factual determinations made by the trial court and the deference to be given those determinations, the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s conclusion to admit such parol evidence is not improper.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [14]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Craftworld cites the case of }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Battista v. Radesi}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 491 N.Y.S.2d 81, 82 (App. Div. 4}{
\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Dept. 1985),}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 in which the court excluded parol evidence because the invoices which constituted the }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 writing}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  were complete and final, including the parties}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  names, date, payment terms, d
escription, the price of each item purchased, and the total shipment cost.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
However, in this case the trial court did not find that the writings, i.e., the invoices, were a complete and final expression of the parties}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  intentions, whereas the }{
\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Battista}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  court determined the writing in question to be fully integrated.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [15]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Since the trial court already determined that the parol evidence rule did not operate to bar extrinsic evidence concerning a consignment arrangement, the discussion and arguments
 concerning course of dealing, whereby the trial court also allowed extrinsic evidence to be heard, are superfluous.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Nevertheless, although the trial court made the determination that Craftworld did not meet its burden of proving that the writing was the 
complete and integrated agreement, it went on to use subsection (a) of section 2202 as a further basis for bringing in extrinsic evidence of the prior oral agreement to explain or supplement the written agreement, in this case the invoices. The trial cour
t}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s use of the concept of course of dealing to allow the admission of all extrinsic evidence was poorly analyzed.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Title 13 GCA }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  1205(1) (1993) defines course of dealing as: }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
a sequence of previous conduct between the parties to a particular transaction which is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding for interpreting their expressions and other conduct.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  13 GCA }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  1205(1).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The trial court found that, based on the evidence produced at trial, the conduct between the parties established a common basis for an understanding which would constitute a course of dealing.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
However, although the presidents of the parties had a }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 relationship,}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  the facts do not seem to support such a relationship in which there were prior and contin
uous dealings constituting a course of dealing argument.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [16]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 A single transaction cannot constitute a course of dealing.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Kern Oil and Refining Co. v. Tenneco Oil Co.}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 792 F.2d 1380, 1385 (9}{\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1986) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The agreement at issue was the first transaction of the kind between the parties, there is no evidence that any previous purchase orders or invoices were ever issued, and although Craftworld had previously been selling furniture out of King}{
\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s store, that }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 transaction}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  was different in character from this one.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The nature of the agreement had to have changed based on the fact that first Craftworld was renting space from King, and then the invoices were drafted and the furniture, whether as a straight sale or on consignment, was to be sold by King.}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 However, whether a course of dealing exists between the parties is normally a question of fact.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Insurance Serv. of North America v. NNR Aircargo Serv. (USA), Inc.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 201 F.3d 1111, 1113 (9}{\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 2000); }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
In re CFLC, Inc.}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 209 B.R. 508, 513 n.8 (B.A.P. 9}{\super\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 th}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  Cir. 1997).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Nevertheless, even if deference is given to the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s factual finding of course of dealing, the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s previous determination that the writing was not fully integrated negated any need for the course of dealing analysis because the parol evidence could already be properly admitted to supplement or explain the writing on that basis. }{\insrsid8193464 

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [17]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 As an aside, the trial court also considered parol evidence in makings its determination that Craftworld was not a holder in due course.}{\insrsid8193464  }{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Guam law provides the requirements for one to obtain the status of a holder in due course and its concomitant protections:}{\insrsid8193464 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Holder in Due Course.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (1) A holder in due course is a holder who takes the instrument}{
\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (a) \tab For value; and}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (b)\tab In good faith; and}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (c)\tab Without notice that it is overdue or has been dishonored or of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person.}{
\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (2)\tab A payee may be a holder in due course.}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (3)\tab A holder does not become a holder in due course of an instrument:}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (a)\tab By purchase of it at judicial sale or by taking it under legal process; or}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (b)\tab By acquiring it in taking over an estate; or}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (c)\tab By purchasing it as part of a bulk transaction not in regular course of business of the transferor.}{\insrsid8193464 

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 (4)\tab A purchaser of a limited interest can be a holder in due course only to the extent of the interest purchased.}{
\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 13 GCA }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  3302 (1993).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
It is clear that Craftworld was the payee of the check in question; however, in order to be a holder in due course, it must be shown that Craftworld took the check for value, in good faith, and without notice of any claims or defenses. }{
\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Id.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Craftworld argues that the court erred in admitting parol evidence to prove the nature of the contract}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464  consignment agreement versus a contract for sale of goods.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The parol evidence rule, as it applies to the holder in due course analysis, has not been found to be applicable to vary the terms of the negotiable instrument itself but instead to establish whether the holder took the instrument for value, in g
ood faith, and without notice of claims and defenses.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 First Int}{\i\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\i\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 l Bank of Israel, Ltd. v. L. Blankstein & Son, Inc.}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 , 452 N.E.2d 1216 (N.Y. 1983).}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The trial court made a finding that it believed that Craftworld was not a holder in due course because it to
ok the check with notice of a defense}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 66 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
 that the check was intended as security as part of a consignment transaction.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Thus, it was proper for the trial court to consider evidence of the nature of the agreement as
 it went to the proof of Craftworld}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s holder in due course status.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Moreover, given the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s determination that this was a consignment agreement and not a straight sale, then its determination that Craftworld was not a holder in due course seems proper.}{\insrsid8193464  
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\insrsid8193464 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8193464 {\b\insrsid8193464\charrsid8193464 [18]\tab }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
The standard of review for factual findings is very high; this necessarily makes the standard of review for legal questions, based on the court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s factual findings, high as well.}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 The absence of the invoices from the record makes it difficult to dispute the trial court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
s factual determinations which support the court}{\insrsid3673475\charrsid8193464 '}{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 s subsequent legal conclusion of admitting parol evidence for purposes of explaining and supplementing the written agreement.}{
\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 This court does not believe that clear error was committed on the basis of the record before us, and therefore}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
the factual findings will not be disturbed.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Based on the factual findings made by the trial court, the legal conclusions as to the admissibility of parol evidence to explai
n and supplement the agreement were proper as well.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 
Although the relationship between the parties does not seem to establish a course of dealing, the admission of the prior oral agreements on the basis that the writing was not fully integrated dismisses a
ny need to turn to course of dealing to supplement or explain the terms of the written agreement.}{\insrsid8193464  }{\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 Accordingly, the decision of the trial court is }{\b\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 AFFIRMED}{
\insrsid6699927\charrsid8193464 .}{\insrsid8193464 
\par }}