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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Plaintiff-Appellee}{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ARTHUR LIWANAG VILLAPANDO}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-007 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0280-97 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 YXEL VINCENT AQUINO ESPINA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-009 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0078-98 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 MATTHEW J. C. THOMAS}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-0l0 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0078-98 \par _______________________________________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 LEONILA B. RONQUILLO}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-011 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0187-97 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ROBERT EUGENE DAVIS}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-012 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0133-97 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ROSA CRUZ REYES aka ROSA TALAVERA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-013 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0529-97 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 DAVID ROSA SABLAN}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-014 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0045-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 VINCENT QUINTANILLA MENDIOLA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-015 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0058-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CARLENA LLARENA JIRO}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-016 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0202-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 JOHN SANTIAGO QUINATA, JR.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-017 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0274-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 KEONI DANIEL BLAS}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-018 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0428-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 GEORGE DIEGO FLORES}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-019 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0430-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 MICHAEL ABADAM VILLACORTA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-020 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0488-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ALICIA T. PINAULA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-021 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0748-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 TOMAS L. ATIENZA}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-022 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0021-99 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 _______________________________________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Plaintiff-Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 vs.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 JAMES W. A. PANGELINAN}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Defendant-Appellee}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Supreme Court Case No. CRA99-023 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CF0022-99}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 OPINION}{\b\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Filed: December 10, 1999}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Cite as: 1999 Guam 31}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Appeals from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on August 20, 1999 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\b\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for the People:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Angela M. Borzachillo \par Assistant Attorney General \par Office of the Attorney General \par Prosecution Division \par 2-200E Judicial Ctr. Bldg. \par 120 W O}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Brien Dr. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Villapando and Jiro:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Howard Trapp, Esq. \par Howard Trapp Incorporated \par 200 Saylor Bldg. \par 139 Chalan Santo Papa \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Espina:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Matthew T.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Gregory, Esq. \par Mair, Mair, Spade & Thompson, P.C. \par Suite 807, GCIC Bldg. \par 414 W Soledad Ave. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell \par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin3600\pararsid9312543 {\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Thomas and Villacorta:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Rawlen M.T. Mantanona, Esq. \par Mantanona Law Office \par Suite 601B, GCIC Bldg. \par 414 W Soledad Ave. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Ronquillo:}{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 F.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Randall Cunliffe, Esq. \par Cunliffe & Cook, P.C. \par 210 Archbishop F.C. Flores St., Suite}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 200 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Davis, Reyes, Mendiola,}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\insrsid9312543 }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Quinata, Blas, Flores, Pinaula and Pangelinan:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Richard S.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Dirkx \par Assistant Public Defender \par Public Defender Service Corp. \par 200 Judicial Center Annex \par 110 W O}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Brien Dr. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910}{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \trowd \irow2\irowband2 \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Sablan:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par A Alexander Gorman, Esq. \par Suite 905, GCIC Bldg. \par 414 W Soledad Ave. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell \par }{\ul\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Counsel for Atienza:}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \par Robert N.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Davis, Esq. \par Gayle & Teker, P.C. \par Gayle & Teker Bldg. \par 330 Hernan Cortez Ave. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid9312543 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 BEFORE: BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Chief Justice, PETER C. SIGUENZA, Associate Justice, and JOHN A.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 MANGLONA, Designated Justice. \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CRUZ, C.J.: \par }{\insrsid9312543\charrsid9312543 \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [1]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab This matter comes before the court based upon motions to dismiss, filed on behalf of each defendant, pursuant to 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 (1993)and our prior ruling in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v.}{\i\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1998 Guam 12.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Defendant Villapando was denied his motion to dismiss when the trial court determined that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and the law in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 did not apply to felony cases.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The remainder of the defendants were}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 granted dismissals when another trial court ruled that the same law was applicable to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villapando appealed the denial of his motion, sought and was granted interlocutory review by this court.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People appealed the dismissals in the remaining cases.}{ \insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [2]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The court has not been presented with convincing arguments to support the reversal of its decision in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo.}{\i\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Furthermore}{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 upon review of the applicable law and the arguments of the parties, the court finds that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and its interpretation in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 m andates application to felony cases. }{\b\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUNDS}{\b\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\b\insrsid354960 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Arthur Liwanag Villapando}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [3]\tab The incidents which led to the arrest of Villapando for possession of an illegal substance occurred on or about June 22, 1996. Villapando was arrested, booked and released and given a citation and notice to appear on September 25, 1996.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On or before September 25, 1996, no complaint or affidavit was filed nor was Villapando notified that he need not appear and that no prosecution would be instituted against him.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On June 28, 1997, Villapando was charged by a Magistrate}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s Complaint with possession of a schedule II controlled substance (the first charge) as well as possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (the second charge)}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The second charge was not included in the aforementioned notice to appear, but apparently arose from the same incident on June 22, 1996. It should be noted that in Villapando, as well as several of the other cases at bar, s ome of the crimes for which the defendants were ultimately indicted are different from those upon which the defendants were originally arrested and cited to appear. The facts of these cases give rise to the court}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s holding in }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 People v. Kim}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 , 1999 Guam 7, which shall also need to be applied to these specific cases where surviving charges are at issue. }}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villapando made a motion to dismiss based upon }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 w hich the trial court denied, finding that the decision in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 did not apply to felony offenses.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villapando moved this court to take jurisdiction over this case based upon its power of interlocutory review.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This court accepted jurisdiction under 7 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 3108(b) (1994).}{\b\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Yxel Vincent Aquino Espina}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [4]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Espina was arrested, booked and released on September 19, 1995, on charges of theft of a motor vehicle, theft of property, three (3) counts of conspiracy to commit theft, arson, criminal mischief, and destruction of evidence.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Espina was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on December 20, 1995, which he signed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On December 20, 1995, Espina appeared at court only to find that no charges had been filed against him.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Espina was later indicted for theft of a motor vehicle, theft of propert y, theft by receipt of property, i.e., a motor vehicle, arson, criminal mischief and theft by receiving on January 29, 1998.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Not all of the crimes for which the defendant was indicted were charged out in the citation and notice to appear.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the trial court dismissed the case against Espina.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Matthew C. Thomas}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [5]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Thomas was arrested, booked and released on September 14, 1995 for theft of}{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 a motor vehicle and related offenses.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Thomas signed a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on December 20, 1995; however, Thomas arrived at court to find no charges had been filed against him.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Thomas was subsequently indicted on January 29, 1998, for theft of a motor vehicle, theft of property, theft by receipt of property, i.e. a motor vehicle, arson, criminal mischief and theft by receiving.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Not all of the crimes for which the defendant was indicted were charged out in the citation and notice to appear.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case against him based upon a motion to dismiss pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 D.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Leonila B. Ronquillo}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [6]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Ronquillo was arrested, booked and released on February 14, 1995 for theft by deception.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, she was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on May 14, 1995.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Ronquillo appeared on May 14, 1995, at the Superior Court to discover that no charges had been filed against her.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 She was later indicted on May 1, 1997, for theft of property, two (2) counts of theft by deception and theft of property held in trust.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Again, pursuant to a motion to dismiss based under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the trial court dismissed the case against Ronquillo.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 E.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Robert Eugene Davis}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [7]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Davis was arrested, booked and released on July 16, 1996, for driving under the influence.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 H e was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on October 16, 1996; however, no charges were filed against him at that time.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Subsequently, on April 2, 1997, an indictment was filed charging Davis with driving while under the influence of alcohol (as a 3}{\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 rd}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 degree felony) and improper storage of an open container (as a misdemeanor).}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 F.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Rosa Cruz Reyes aka Rosa Talavera}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [8]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Reyes was arrested, booked and released on September 27, 1996, for under ring, theft by deception, and conspiracy to commit theft.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 She was given a citation and notice to appear in the S uperior Court on January 8, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On that date, no charges had been filed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On November 13, 1997, Reyes was indicted on conspiracy and theft.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 G.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 David Sablan}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [9]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Sablan was arrested, booked and released on August 8, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 He was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on December 10, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 No charges were filed against him at that time.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Subsequently, he was indicted for driving under the influence of alcohol on January 16, 1998.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case based upon a motion to dismiss pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 H.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Vincent Quintanilla Mendiola}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [10]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Mendiola was arrested, booked and released on May 9, 1996, for drinking in a motor vehicle, possessing an open container in the motor vehicle and possession of a firearm without an identification card.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Mendiola was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on August 14, 1996.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Mendiola was subsequently indicted on a charge of possession of a firearm without an identification card on January 22, 1998.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court dismissed the case pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Carlena Llarena Jiro}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [11]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Jiro was arrested, booked and released on August 29, 1997, for theft of property held in trust.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Jiro was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on January 2, 1998.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It is not clear whether she appeared on January 2, 1998; however, no charges were filed against her by that date.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 She was later indicted on March 13, 1998 for theft.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court dismissed her case based upon a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.} {\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 J.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 John Santiago Quinata, Jr.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [12]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Quinata was arrested, booked and released on August 2, 1997 for possession of a concealed firearm, possession of a firearm without an identification card and possession of an unregistered firearm.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, he was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on December 3, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 No charges were filed against Quinata until April 20, 1998, when an indictment was filed charging him with possession of a firearm without an identification card and possession of a concealed firearm.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 K.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Keoni Daniel Blas}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [13]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Blas was arrested, booked and released for burglary and theft of property on June 3, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Blas was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on September 24, 1997.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 No charges were filed until he was indicted on June 17, 1999, and charged with theft and conspiracy.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Not all of the crimes for which the defendant was indicted were charged out in the citation and notice to appear. }}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case based on a motion to dismiss pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.} {\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 L.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 George Diego Flores}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [14]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Flores was arres ted, booked and released on June 10, 1997, for burglary.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, he signed a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on October 1, 1997; however, no charges were filed against him by that date.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Flores was later indicted on June 17, 1998, for burglary.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed his case pursuant to a motion to dismiss based upon }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 M.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Michael Abadam Villacorta}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [15]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Villacorta was arrested, booked and r eleased on July 1, 1997, for burglary and possession of stolen property.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Villacorta was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on October 22, 1997.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villacorta was not indicted until July 14, 1998 on charges of burglary, conspiracy and theft. The trial court dismissed the case based upon a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 N.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Alicia T. Pinaula}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [16]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Pinaula was arrested, booked and released on January 4, 1998, for possession of a concealed firearm, possession of a firearm without an identification card and driving while under the influence of alcohol.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Pinaula was given a citation and notice to appear in the Superior Court on May 6, 1998.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Pinaula was later indicted on October 13, 1998, on charges of possession of a firearm without an identification card, possession of a concealed weapon, reckless driving and imprudent driving.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Not all of the crimes for which the defendant was indicted were charged out in the citation and notice to appear. }}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case based upon a motion to dismiss under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 O.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Tomas L. Atienza}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [17]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Atienza was arrested, booked and released for terrorizing, reckless conduct, possession of a concealed firearm and driving under the influence.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Atienza was to appear in the Superior Court on June 24, 1998; however, no charges were filed at that time.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 An indictment was filed on January 5, 1999, wherein Atienza was charged with terrorizing and possessing a concealed weapon.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case based on a motion to dismiss filed under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 P.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 James W.A. Pangelinan}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [18]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Pangelinan was arrested, booked and released on July 31, 1998, for burglary and theft of a motor vehicle.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon release, Pangelinan was given a citation and notice to appear in Superior Court on December 2, 1998.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Pangelinan was later indicted on January 5, 1999 for burglary, theft, and theft by receiving.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The trial court dismissed the case pursuant to a motion to dismiss under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People timely appealed. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [19]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab In an order dated June 24, 1999, this court set out a briefing schedule; consolidated the above-captioned cases and required the separate Defendants-Appellees to either file briefs or file a statement of joinder in}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villapando}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s brief on or before July 30, 1999. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [20]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Defendants Espina, Thomas, Ronquillo, Villacorta and Atienza all filed motions to join in the brief of Villapando.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Defendants Davis, Reyes, Mendiola, Jiro, Quinata, Blas, Flores, Pinaula and Pangelinan all filed briefs on behalf of themselves.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Counsel for defendant David Sablan did not follow the court}{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s order in that he failed to submit a brief and/or a statement of joinder in Villapando}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s brief, despite the fact that at the status hearing of June 24, 1999, counsel stated an intention to file a separate brief. Guam Rule App. Pro. 17(d) indicates that an Appellee who fails to file a brief waives oral argument. In this case, counsel for Sablan did not participate in oral arguments.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 DISCUSSION}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [21]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab This court has jurisdiction over the appeal in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v. Villapando}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 pursuant to its power to review interlocutory matters under 7 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 3108(b) (1994).}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court has jurisdiction over the remainder of the cases pursuant to 7 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 3107(b) (1994).}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 8 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 130.20(a)(5) (1993)allows the Government to appeal from an order or judgment dismissing an action prior to the attachment of jeopardy.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [22]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The sole issue in these cases is whether the }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de facto}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 statute of limitations (hereinafter }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ) contained in 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30, as ruled applicable to misdemeanors in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , also applies to the prosecution of felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Questions of statutory interpretation are reviewed }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de novo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v. Quichocho, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1997 Guam 13, }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 3.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [23]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Villapando appeals to this court to interpret 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 as applicable to felonies as well as misdemeanors.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The basis of his arguments are founded upon this court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s decision in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v. Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1998 Guam 12, wherein the court construed }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 to require the People, in misdemeanor cases, to either file a complaint before the notice to appear date given by the police or, if there was no intent to prosecute, to make reasonable efforts to so notify the defendants.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court only addressed the issue as it applied to misdemeanors, as that was the sole issue presented on appeal.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [24]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Subsequent to the issuance of the }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 decision, this court addressed a related issue in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v. Kim}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1999 Guam 7.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Kim}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the court found that all charges contained in the misdemeanor complaint, including those not previously listed in the citation and notice to appear, were barred from prosecution if the People failed to file a complaint before the notice to appear date.} {\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1999 Guam 7 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Although Kim was a misdemeanor case, the court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s ruling is informative in demonstrating a clear determination which this court has previously set forth}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 to strictly construe }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [25]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Villapando argues that the statute on its face is clear, particularly in light of }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 regardless of the manner in which felonies must be prosecuted, once }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is invoked, it is the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s duty to either file a complaint or attempt to notify the defendant of non-prosecution before the notice to appear date.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It is Villapando}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s contention that, under 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.70 (1993), the prosecution of a felony may be commenced through the filing of a complaint and that, as such, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 applies to felonies as well as misdemeanors.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [26]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People attempt to complicate the matter by framing the single issue as several issues.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Accordingly, the People attempt to create further }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 issues}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 by simply making arguments as to why }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 should not apply to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s arguments are as follows: (1) the manner in which felonies are mandated to be prosecuted indicates that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is inapplicable to felonies;}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (2) the court should reconsider its holding in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 because: (a) canons of statutory construction preclude a finding that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 was violated or that dismissal with prejudice is appropriate; or (b)}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 plain meaning of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 does not indicate that the failure to prosecute is a violation of that section; or (c) to the extent that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 operates as a }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de facto}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL, there has been an implied repeal of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 by 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 (1993); (3) application of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 may render that section unconstitutional as a violation of the doctrines of separation of powers and delegation; (4) dismissal of felonies under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is not an available remedy.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [27]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The defendants who separately filed briefs attempt to rebut the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s arguments.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Additionally, Jiro raises the issue of the court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s jurisdiction over his appeal based upon the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s failure to include a statement of jurisdiction in compliance with GRAP 13(j).}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People refute that argument by stating that the requirements of GRAP 4.1 were met with and that such constitutes the same requirements for GRAP 13(j).}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 GRAP 4.1 was not meant to replace the requirement of GRAP 13(j). Instead, GRAP 4.1 was promulgated to ensure the court}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s jurisdiction early on in a case and to work in conjunction with GRAP 4.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court neither finds this procedural defect detrimental to the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s appeal nor does it prevent the court from addressing the issue at hand.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The court could decide not to consider the People}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s Opening brief; however, because this brief is the exact same brief, substantively, as the People as the Appellee}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s brief in Villapando, the court is still exposed to the People}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s position. Additionally, pursuant to GRAP 2, the court may, in its discretion, suspend any rules, with exceptions that do not apply to these cases. The cases at bar would, if necessary, provide the court with an alternative method to review the People} {\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s brief.}}}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ANALYSIS}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [28]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The applicable statute at issue is }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 which provides as follows:}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Notice to Appear:}{\b\insrsid9312543 }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Where Delivered}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The officer shall forthwith deliver the copy of the notice to appear to the prosecuting attorney charged with the duty to prosecute the offense charged.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 At or before the time at which the person promised to appear, if the prosecuting attorney determines that the offense should be prosecuted, he shall file the notice to appear and a complaint and affidavits which satisfy the requirements of }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.20 in the court in which the person has promised to appear.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 If the prosecuting attorney determines that the offense should not be prosecuted he shall make a reasonable effort to notify the person arrested that his appearance will not be required.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This court in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 interpreted the statute as follows:}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Two options are available to the People in choosing how to prosecute a case.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 First they can proceed pursuant to 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10 and 15.20 by filing a complaint with affidavits to establish probable cause so that a summons will issue.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In that event, section 10.30 would govern the time-line within which the case may be prosecuted.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Alternatively, the People may proceed pursuant to section 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Consequently, after issuing a notice to appear, the People are bound by the language of that statute.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The language of section 25.30 is clear.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The statute mandates action to be taken by the People prior to the notice to appear date}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 either to file the notice to appear and a complaint with affidavits or to make reasonable efforts to notify the defendant that he need not appear.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid354960 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1998 Guam 12 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 14.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In determining whether }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 applies to felonies in addition to misdemeanors, the court will look to the applicable law and address each of the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s arguments.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s reconsideration of its decision in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\i\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960\charrsid354960 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s17 \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx1440{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls5\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls5\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Stare decisis}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ; }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 misinterprets plain reading of statute}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [29]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab It is true, as the People claim,}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 that the court has the ability to overturn precedent.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This is the same proposition that this court espoused in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 with respect to the trial court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s ruling against existing precedent.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Fundamentally, the People argue overturning precedent based on the fact that }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 was inadequately presented in that only the issue of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30's application to misdemeanors was before the court for review.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As a result, the People argue, the court could not consider the harshness of the consequences if}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 applied to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People reiterate the same arguments from }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 as to why}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 should not now apply to felonies as well as misdemeanors; however, these same arguments were addressed in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [30]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People fail to present any sound reasons which justify the reversal of }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s argument that more investigation, resources and t ime are required in prosecuting felonies, thereby giving cause to reverse }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 is unconvincing.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de jure}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL for felonies is found in 8 GCA}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 which states that for all felonies, except murder, prosecution must commence within three (3) years of their commission.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As we decided in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de jure}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL is not negated by}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [31]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Rather, pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30, the People have the option of informing the police to push back the notice to appear dates in order to allow the People adequate time to conduct an investigation and determine whether prosecution should be commenced.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The very nature of a situation where a citation and notice to appear is issued provide the People with a known suspect.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 These are not crimes where the police and the People have no clue as to who may have committed them or where to begin the investigation.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It is because of this inherent }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 head start}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 that the People should be able to make a determination, under}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 whether to prosecute a defendant.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As with misdemeanors, the People may instruct the police to set the notice to appear date further off, yet still within the applicable }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de jure}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Although some trial courts have addressed the implications of the right to a speedy trial, even if a case was char ged out before the notice to appear date, that issue is not presently before the court. However, such issue may emerge at a later date as a result of this and the }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 Palomo}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 decisions.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 If felonies are so much more serious in nature, then it would logically follow that the People would not want to delay commencement of prosecution in these cases, particularly where a known suspect exists.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [32]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Whereas the People are legally correct that prosecution is not commenced before the filing of a complaint or indictme nt, the statutes contemplate that the process is commenced when an arrest is made.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This is why}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 makes sense.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The statute mandates that the prosecutor make a decision on prosecution and if she decides to pr osecute then she must file a }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 complaint.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 If not, then she must make reasonable efforts to notify the defendant of non-prosecution.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 2.\tab Implied repeal}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [33]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People argue that, based upon the timing of the enactment of sections 25.30 and 10.20, the subsequent enactment of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 impliedly repealed }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is not repugnant to 8 GCA }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 or 10.30 (1993). In fact, they work in conjunction with one another.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 See }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Nat}{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 l Labor Relations Bd.}{\i\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 V.}{\i\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Kolkka}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 170 F.3d 837, 941 (9}{\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 th}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Cir.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1999) (citing }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Kee Leasing Co.}{ \i\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 v.}{\i\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 McGahan (In re Glacier Bay)}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 944 F.2d 597, 581 (9}{\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 th}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Cir.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1991) (citations and quotations omitted) (holding that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [i]n order to find irreconcilable conflict, the new statute must be clearly repugnant in}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 work or purpose to the old statute.}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ).}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [34]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab As shown above, the court, in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , viewed two options in charging out cases, misdemeanors in that case. }{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 First, the police could arrest and detain a defendant, thereby not invoking}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 at all and}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 would be the only time constraint placed upon the People to commence prosecution.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 See}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.10 (1993).}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Second, the citation and notice to appear issued by the police could be issued.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, once that method of preliminary }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 prosecution}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 is invoked, then the mandates and the time-guidelines of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 and the date on which the defendant is required to appear come into play.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In that regard, the statutes of limitations provided by both are not repugnant.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This issue of statutory construction is one which the court previously considered in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , but disregarded based on the foregoing analysis.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Once again, at this time, the court finds no reason to reverse its previous decision in Palomo.}{ \cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The court has had the opportunity to reconsider }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 Palomo}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 on more than one occasion, including the People}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt \f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s motion for reconsideration, in }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 Palomo.}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The court, at that time, considered many of the same arguments originally advanced in }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 Palomo}{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 as well as those argued in these cases. The court carefully considered such arguments and summarily denied the motion.}}}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Applicability of }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid354960 to felony offenses. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [35]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People argue that the holding in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 is inapplicable to felony cases because the manner in which felonies are charged out and prosecuted is wholly different a nd distinct from the manner in which misdemeanors are charged and, therefore, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 does not apply to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It is the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s contention that because }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 refers to }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 complaints,}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 whereas 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1.15 (1993) mandates that felonies shall by prosecuted by indictments, is indicative of a clear intent that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 does not apply to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People further contend that the prosecution of felonies, as opposed to misdemeanors, is a long and arduous process which requires more investigative time and resources; therefore, felonies were not contemplated under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 especially when the filing of a complaint in misdemeanor cases is a relatively simple task.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Furthermore, the People believe it was not the Legislature}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s intent to require both the filing of a complaint and indictment of defendants by a grand jury, a duplicative endeavor.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [36]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab However, it is argued by the defendants that the statutory scheme indicates }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30's application to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The defendants}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 arguments as to the issue of complaints being filed for felonies are two-fold.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 First the filing of the complaint is to allow the court to hold or detain a defendant upon a probable cause determination by the magistrate.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 A felony prosecution requires an indictment upon a probable cause determination by a grand jury.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Once deta ined, a defendant must have an indictment of him within the (10) days or have a preliminary examination.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 See}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA 45.50(b) (1993).}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Secondly, the defendants contend that an indictment is a complaint under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [37]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab A complaint is defined in }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10 as follows: }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The complaint is a written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It shall be signed by the prosecuting attorney and filed with a judge of the Superior Court.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In any case required by }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1.15 to be prosecuted by Complaint, the Complaint shall be subject to the same rules of pleading as an indictment or information.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid354960 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10 (1993).}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The question then becomes whether an indictment is a form of a complaint.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 An indictment contains the ess ential facts constituting the offenses charged, in writing, signed by the prosecutor and filed with the Superior Court.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In that regard, it seems to satisfy the requirements for a complaint under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10.}{\cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 8 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 55.10 (1993) states that }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 [t]he indictment or information shall be a plain, concise and definite written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged and shall be signed by the prosecuting attorney.}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The note to }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 55.10 reads as follows: }{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 Chapter 55 refers throughout to the }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 indictment or information;}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 however, }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 15.10 makes clear that where a complaint serves as the accusatory pleading it is subject to all these same rules of pleading.}{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The note suggests that an indictment and complaint are, in a sense, interchangeable because they must meet the same requirements.}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It could be construed that an indictment is a specific or more specialized type of complaint in that a complaint may simply be prepared by the prosecuting attorney after some investigation, whereas other more stringent procedures are required in order to obtain an indictment.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [38]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab It should also be considered that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10 does not say an indictment is a form of a complaint.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 It delineates that an indictment is different from a complaint; however, under }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1.15, a complaint must meet the same requirements as an indictment.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Also, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 1.15, does clearly state that felonies must be prosecuted through indictments whereas all other offenses shall be prosecuted by complaints. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [39]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab In }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 People v. Quinata}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 785 F.2d 812 (9}{\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 th}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Cir. 1986), the defendant was charged as an adult for manslaughter, although he had turned eighteen (18) the day after the death.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court dismissed the case against him as he was not an adult at the time of the alleged crime.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 813.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 A petition was then filed in the Juvenile Division.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The defendant made a motion to dismiss because he was no longer a juvenile.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 On appeal, the Appellate Division reversed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The defendant then appealed to the Ninth Circuit and the case was affirmed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Upon remand, the People moved to certify Quinata to be tried as an adult.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The motion was granted; however, Quinata then appealed claiming a violation of the statute of limitations.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court found that the petition in Juvenile Court stated the essential facts and was signed by the prosecuting attorney.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 814.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Therefore, the court concluded that the petition, filed approximately a month after the death occurred, although not labeled a complaint, met the definition of a complaint and was timely filed.}{ \cs15\super\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid3279961 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The court simply stated: }{\fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 The petition is not labelled [sic] a complaint because, under the Juvenile Division}{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 s rules, the document filed to start a criminal proceeding against a juvenile must be designated a petition.}{ \fs20\insrsid3279961 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 }{\i\fs20\insrsid3279961 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid3279961 at 814. (citation omitted).}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 814.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 A petition in the Juvenile Division, like a complaint or indictment in the Adult Division, is meant to inform the defendant of the offense the state accuses him of having committed.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 813.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The Ninth Circuit also makes a reference to complaints and indictments being alike.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [40]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The reasoning behind the }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Quinata}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 decision is clear.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court looked to the definition of a complaint and found the petition satisfied that definition.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This court was result oriented in that it made reference to the fact that }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [w]ere [the court] to accept appellant}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s argument, a juvenile offender like Quinata could go free by pursuing numerous motions and appeals to delay the prosecution.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 814.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [41]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People argue that the holding in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Quinata}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 does not speak to prosecutions as envisioned by }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 nor does it provide for dismissal of a case not filed under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 This may be true, however, we may look to }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Quinata}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 in our determination of whether an indictment can be construed as a complaint under the current statutory scheme.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 All consequences which flow from that determination may or may not be part and parcel of the determination itself.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Unquestionably more work is involved in pr osecuting a felony; however, this does not mean that statutory limitations should be ignored in order to give the People an additional time.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [42]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab As to the argument of whether the statutory scheme demonstrates that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is applicable to felonies, several statutes under Title 8 must be examined.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.50 (1993) provides as follows:}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.50.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Wilful Failure to Appear: Felony if Offense Underlying Notice is Felony; Misdemeanor if Offense Misdemeanor.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Any person who wilfully }{ \b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 violates his written promise to appear}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 in court is:}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (a) guilty of a felony; if he was released in connection with a charge of felony.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (b) guilty of a misdemeanor, if he was released in connection with a charge of any offense not a felony.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Chapter 25 of Title 8 refers to citations.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Section 25.50 contemplates the application of citations to both felonies and misdemeanors.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 For example, shoul d a defendant fail to appear pursuant to the notice to appear, he will be subject to an additional felony or misdemeanor charge.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [43]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab It is the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s contention that 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.20 (1993), a section entitled }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Complaint to be Filed; When,}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 applies only to misdemeanor cases.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, subsection (b) refers to a grand jury, indicating the application to both felony and misdemeanor charges.}{ \insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (b) At or before the time of the defendant}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s first appearance pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.30, if no determination has previously been made by the court or grand jury that there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant has committed it, the court shall make such determinatio n in the manner provided by }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.20 and 15.30. . . .}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid354960 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Additionally, referring to 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.30 (1993), the section governin g first appearances by defendants, the statute once again contemplates application to misdemeanors and felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.30.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 First Appearance; Statement by Court; Public Defender Allowed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (a) At the time the defendant is brought before the court pursuant to }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.10 or appears pursuant to a summons issued pursuant to Chapter 15 (commencing with }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15.10) or a notice to appear pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.20, the court shall inform the defendant;}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (1) of the complaint against him and of any affidavits filed therewith.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (2) of his right to retain counsel.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (3) of his right to request the assignment of counsel if he is unable to obtain counsel.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (4) of the general circumstances under which he may secure his pretrial release.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (5) of his right to prosecution by indictment, where such right is available.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (6) of his right to a preliminary examination, where such right is available.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 (7) that he is not required to make a statement and that any statement made by him may be used against him.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid354960 \par }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 All cases are subject to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 45.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As such, although subsection (a)(1) states that the court shall inform the defendant of the complaint against him, it could be construed that a }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 complaint}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 also includes indictments.}{\insrsid9312543 } {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Otherwise, the word complaint, is not being utilized as defined in the previous chapters of Title 8.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The fact that subsections (a)(5) and (6) only apply to felonies cannot act to mean that subsection (a)(1) only contemplates misdem eanors because the language in subsections (a)(5) and (6) indicates that such may not be applicable in all cases, only those where the rights are available.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [44]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Upon review, it seems clear that the overall statutory scheme indicates that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is applicable to felony, as well as misdemeanor, cases calling for the holding in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 to extend to the cases at bar.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s18 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnucltr\pnstart3\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls6\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Separation of Powers}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [45]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People base their argument on the concept of prosecutorial discretion, a well-founded principle in the modern judicial system.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The authority to prosecute is vested in a prosecuting attorney pursuant to 8 GCA }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 5.60 (1994).}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People argue that reading }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 as creating a }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de facto}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL for felonies, and even misdemeanors, leads to an unreasonable infringement upon, by being burdensome or interfering with, the Attorney General}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s ability to exercise prosecutorial discretion.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Therefore, the court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s interpretation violates the doctrine of separation of powers by imposing a duty on the People where the Legislature intended none and where the prosecution of crimes is wholly under the province of the Executive Branch.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [46]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People cite the case of }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Heckler v. Chaney}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 470 U.S. 821, 105 S.Ct. 1649 (1985) wherein}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 prison inmates, who faced death by lethal injection, petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 to make a determination that the use of drugs in that manner constituted a violation of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 301 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 et seq}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The FDA refused to prosecute and the U.S. Supreme Court upheld such a decision based on the agency}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s power for absolute discretion in such matters.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at 830, 105 S.Ct. at 1655.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [47]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People claim that the case at bar is similar to }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Heckler}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 in that this court}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s finding of a }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de facto}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SOL interferes with the discretionary authority of the Attorney General}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s office by creating a coercive effect upon the prosecutors who will otherwise face dismissal of cases.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [48]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Although it is true that prosecutorial discretion is far reaching, the circumstances of these cases and those posed under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 do not affect this concept.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 True, the decision whether to prosecute a case is a decision left to the prosecuting authority; however, the decision when to prosecute a case is not a decision of which a prosecutor enjoys unlimited discretion in determining.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Clearly, SOLs are present throughout criminal and civil law.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Causes of action must be brought within statutory time frames, otherwise prosecution of such claims are barred forever.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the court noted }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [w]hile it is true that the decision on whether to prosecute a case is within the discretion of the prosecuting attorney, this discretionary authority is not unlimited.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Instead, certa in limitations are placed upon that discretionary authority as evidenced by both sections 25.30 and 10.30.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1998 Guam 12 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 14.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [49]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Section 25.30 does not t ake away the discretionary authority of the prosecuting attorney to decide which cases to prosecute, that determination is still left within the discretion of the Attorney General}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s Office.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Instead, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 only places additional time limitations when prosecution is undertaken in a certain manner.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 What the People fail to realize is that time limitations have always been imposed upon them, not only under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 and 10.30, but also under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30, although such had not previously been followed until }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 was decided.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [50]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab Here we find there is no violation of the doctrine of separation of powers by the judicial branch.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As stated in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 the problem exists not with the judicial system, but instead with the Legislature.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1998 Guam 12 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 17.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, because prosecutorial discretion as to which cases to prosecute is not infringed upon, even the Legislature cannot be blamed for the consequences which can and will occur if the government ignores }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s18 \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 D.\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls6\pnrnot0\pnucltr\pnstart3\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls6\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Dismissal as an improper remedy.}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid354960 [51]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People also ask this court to revisit an already addressed issue in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ; to wit}{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 ,}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 what constitutes a proper remedy for a violation of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The People cite case law which notes that dismissal, with prejudice, is an extremely harsh and disfavored result and that, absent some showing of actual prejudice, such a remedy is disallowed.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 While it is true that }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 is silent as to what remedy should result and that other code sections do address the issue of when cases should be dismissed and that those sections do not mention }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30, this issue was previously addressed in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 and reasoned as follows. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [52]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab In }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , this court noted the disfavoring of dismissals with prejudice.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , 1998 Guam 12 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 17.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [i]n the absence of other remedies, courts are able to fashion procedural rules they determine fair and just when }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 rights would be lost or the court would be unable to function.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id. }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 15. (citation omitted).}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Although dismissal without prejudice was an option for this court}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s consideration, and trial courts had previously imposed such sanctions upon the government in other cases, this court viewed such a remedy as ineffective.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 16.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Characterizing }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 as a }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 de facto}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 statute of limitations, the court interpreted }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 as a bar to prosecution, as would a failure to commence prosecution under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 10.20 and 10.30.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 As to the issue of prejudice, this court also addressed that argument in }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 .}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court opined as follows: }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court is mindful of the fact that case law exists in which courts have addressed the issue of dismissals with prejudice as opposed to dismissals without prejudice.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Because this situation involves a statutory bar to re-prosecution, a showing of prejudice or any other factors which support dismissal with prejudice are unnecessary.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Id.}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 at n.8.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In }{ \i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , the court also consid ered the findings of the trial court wherein the trial court noted that defendants would suffer prejudice in terms of the lengthy delay in commencement of prosecution leading to the absence of witnesses, the loss of memory and the anguish in appearing at court on the date of the notice to appear, not finding themselves on the calendar and being told to go home, then living in the belief that the threat of prosecution was eliminated.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 These are all similar arguments which the defendants in these cases also allege.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [53]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The People argue that }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 mandamus}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 is the proper remedy for a defendant}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 that somehow it becomes the responsibility of a defendant to petition this court to order the government to commence prosecution ag ainst himself.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Mandamus}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 is not a reasonable remedy for defendants.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 In fact more prejudice will result in causing a defendant to have to file a petition on his own behalf or hire an attorney to do so for the sole purpose of placing himself in a position to be prosecuted and possibly convicted.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The responsibility is then shifted from the People to prove a case against a defendant to the defendant having to instigate an action against himself.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [54]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab As previously stated, the difference between the situation where }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 operates is that a suspect is readily available.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 There is no additional time necessary to investigate in order to even find a suspect.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Additionally, this court previously alluded to the fact that it is within the purview of the Legislature to make statutory changes to an ill-conceived statutory scheme. }{\insrsid354960 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [55]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab The court stands behind its decision in }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , for it was thoughtfully considered at that time.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Had the court hastily decided }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 , then perhaps the People}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s arguments would have had more merit.}{\insrsid9312543 }{ \insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 However, the court, although at the time only addressing misdemeanors, was aware of the fact that the issue would eventually arise with respect to the application of }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30 to felonies.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 The court was well aware of the harsh results which possibly could occur and in fact said as much in the opinion itself.}{\insrsid354960 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 [56]}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 \tab This court}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 s prior reasoning shall stand and shall now be made to extend to felony cases under }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30.}{ \insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Villapando should therefore be }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 REVERSED}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 and }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 REMANDED}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 for proceedings consistent with this opinion and the remaining cases }{\b\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 AFFIRMED}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 pursuant to }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 25.30, }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Palomo}{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 and }{\i\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Kim}{\insrsid354960 .}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid354960 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 PETER C.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 SIGUENZA\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 JOHN A.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 MANGLONA \par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 Associate Justice}{\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid354960 {\insrsid9312543 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312543 {\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 BENJAMIN J. F.}{\insrsid9312543 }{\insrsid3279961\charrsid9312543 CRUZ \par Chief Justice \par }}