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People v. Root}{\fs20\insrsid11419766 , 1999 Guam 25, Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid11419766 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9442374 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid11419766  of 10
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid5837091 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 PEOPLE OF GUAM
\par }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Plaintiff-Appellee
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 ARTHUR SCOTT ROOT}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
\par Defendant-Appellant
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Supreme Court Case No. CRA98-018
\par Superior Court Case No. CFO 153-98
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Filed: October 20, 1999
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Cite as: 1999 Guam 25
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam. 
\par Argued and submitted on August 17, 1999 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid5837091 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Appearing for the }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Defendant}{\ul\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 -Appellant:}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
\par Matthew T. Gregory, Esq.
\par Mair, Mair, Spade, & Thompson
\par Suite 807, GCIC Bldg.
\par 414 W. Soledad Ave.
\par P.O. Box BF
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
\par Lisa DiMaria
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division 
\par 2-200E Judicial Ctr. Bldg.
\par 120 W. O}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Brien Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
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\par BEFORE:}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ, Chief Justice, PETER C. SIGUENZA, Associate Justice and JOSE LEON GUERRERO Associate Justice Pro Tempore.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 CRUZ, C.J.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 :
\par }{\b\insrsid5837091 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [1]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Defendant-Appellant Arthur Scott Root (hereinafter, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 ) appeals the trial court}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s denial of his Mo}{\insrsid13374586 tion for Judgment of Acquittal n}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
otwithstanding the Verdict and the judgment entered against him after}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 trial.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Root argues that there was insufficient evidenc
e to support the guilty verdict as to the charge of Terrorizing.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Root also claims that he was denied effective assistance of c}{\insrsid5837091 ounsel on two separate grounds.}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid5837091 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [2]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab On February 27, 1998, Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s father, Rolland Knut Root (hereinafter }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Rolland}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 ), heard what he considered to be a gunshot originating in his home.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Rolland}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 then saw Root with a gun.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Th
ereafter, Rolland and Root engaged in a verbal altercation during which Root allegedly uttered a threat to Rolland and pointed the gun at him.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Shortly thereafter, Rolland left the residence in order to file a formal complaint at the Central Precinct in Agana.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Upon returning to his residence, Rolland then discovered a hole in his refrigerator and a}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 bullet inside the appliance.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Subsequently, he summoned the police and an officer responded and took the bullet into custody.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [3]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab 
On March 12, 1998, Root was indicted and charged with Terrorizing, as a Third Degree Felony, with a Special Allegation of Possession or Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony, and with Possession of a Firearm Without a Firearm}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s Identification Card, also as a Third Degree Felony.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 At the close of the People}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s case, Root moved for a Judgment of Acquittal on all charges.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The court reserved its ruling on the Terrorizing charge and denied the motion as to the other charges.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The jury subsequently returned a guilty verdict on the Terrorizing charge and acquitted him of the remaining charges.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Root then renewed his motion for a Judgment of Acquittal Notwithstanding the Verdict on the Terrorizing charge.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The trial court}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s denial of this motion }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 inter alia}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  resulted in this appeal.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 ANALYSIS}{\b\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374\charrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 A.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Sufficiency of the Evidence.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [4]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab This court has jurisdiction pursuant to 7 GCA sections 3107 and 3108 (1994).}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The trial court's ruling on the motion for judgment of acquittal is reviewed}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  de novo.}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Cruz, }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1998 Guam 18, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  8.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In conducting this review, courts apply the same test as that used to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  at }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  9.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Accordingly, the evidence presented against Root shall be reviewed in a light most favorable to the People to determine whether, "any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt."}{\insrsid5837091 
 }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 .}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [5]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab This review does not require the court to "ask itself whether it believes}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 that the evidence at the trial establ
ished guilt beyond a reasonable doubt . . . ."}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Quinata, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1999 Guam 6,}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  9 (citations omitted).}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Quite the contrary, in accordance with the standard set forth in }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Jackson, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 this Court}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s review shall give }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
full play to the responsibility of the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . (}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 quoting Jackson v. Virginia, }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 443 US 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979)).}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [6]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab In the instant case, Root was charged and convicted of Terrorizing as a Third Degree Felony pursuant to 9 GCA section 19.60 (a) and (b) (1994).}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 This statute provides, }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Terrorizing; Defined & Punished.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 (a) A perso
n is guilty of terrorizing if he communicates to any person a threat to commit or to cause to be committed a crime of violence dangerous to human life, against the person to whom the communication is made or another, and the natural and probable consequen
ce of such a threat, is to place the person to whom the threat is communicated or the person threatened in reasonable fear that crime will be committed.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 (b) Terrorizing is a felony of the third degree.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\i\insrsid9442374 
\par }{\insrsid9442374 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [7]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Although the Guam Legislature used the term }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 terrorizing,}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
 in drafting 9 GCA section 19.60 (a) and (b), other jurisdictions use the term }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 terroristic threat}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  in statutes that seek to prohibit the same conduct.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In those jurisdictions, courts have expressly stated that it is not an essential element of the offense of making a terroristic threat that the victim actually be placed in fear of imminent harm.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 See}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 generally}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Smith v. State}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
, 757 S.W.2d 554 (1988).}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Smith}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , the defendant was tried and convicted of seven counts of terroristic threats.}{\insrsid5837091 
 }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 555.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The charges stemmed from an incident whereby the defendant waved a gun around
 and threatened to kill everyone in the building.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Despite the fact that no evidence was presented to prove that all seven people who were in the building were terrorized, the court upheld the conviction.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 556.
}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The court held that, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
[t]he conduct prohibited by this section is the communication of the threat with the purpose of terrorizing another.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 It is not necessary that the recipient of the threat actually be terrorized.}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li360\ri360\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin360\lin360\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f66\super\insrsid11419766 \chftn }{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766   Ark. Code Ann. }{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766  5-13-301 (a) (1) (1987) provides: }{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{
\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 
A person commits the offense of terroristic threatening in the first degree if, with the purpose of terrorizing another person, he threatens to cause death or serious physical injury or substantial property damage to another person.}{
\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [8]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Similarly, in }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Boone v. State, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
274 S.E. 2d 49, 51 (1980), two brothers held a rifle and a shotgun on two undercover agents.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 An agent testified that one defendant threatened that, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 if we were the law, he was going to blow us away.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  at 50.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Addressing the level and nature of the agent}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s fear, the court held that, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 the crime of terroristic threats focuses solely on the conduct of the accused and is completed when the threat is communicated to the victim with intent to terrorize.}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  at 51. The court affirmed the convictions.
}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . .}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [9]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab We note that in addition to the People}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s oral argument, and those presented in their brief, the trial transcript contains an argument by the People that cites }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Kenneth James Borja}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
, CFO521-96 (Super. Ct. Guam, Feb., 26, 1988), a case from the Superior Court.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li360\ri360\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin360\lin360\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f66\super\insrsid11419766 \chftn }{\i\f66\insrsid11419766   }{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 Transcript at p. 103, (Extract of Trial Proceedings, July 1, 1998).}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  Borja}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , the defendant threw gasoline on a woman and threatened to set her on fire.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at 4.}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 He said, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 I will kill you.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 I will pour gasoline on you and light you up.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In response, she replied, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [y]ou wouldn}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
t dare.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 3.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Among other things, the defendant was charged with Terrorizing.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Relative to the issue of the victim}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s fear, the trial court}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s issued a Decision and Order that held, }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 the language of 9 G.C.A. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 19.60 does not require that the Government prove the victim}{\ul\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  is}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  actually plac
ed in fear, rather, the statute simply requires that the threat made by the Defendant is such that the natural and probable consequence of such threat, is to place the person to whom the threat is communicated . . . in reasonable fear that the crime will 
be committed.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 4.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 (emphasis in original).}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [10]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab We agree.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Subjective fear need not be proven in order to establish Terrorizing under 9 GCA section 19.60.}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Therefore, Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s contention that there was insufficient evidence is without merit.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Moreover, circumstantial evidence in the case indicated that Rolland was, in fact, subjectively fearful.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 For instance, the testimony of the officer regarding Rolland}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s appearance, his rapid departure from his home, and his inability to deny being threatened demonstrated such fear.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
The evidence also collectively demonstrates that under the circumstances his fear was reasonable.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Based on the foregoi
ng, we find that a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt and that sufficient evidence supported the verdict.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 B.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Ineffective assistance of counsel based on the failure to challenge the chain of custody.}
{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [11]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab We now turn to Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Whether a defendant has received ineffective assistance of counsel is a question of law.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Quintanilla, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1998 Guam, 17, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  8.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Where this legal query turns significantly on the facts of a particular case, the issue becomes a question of fact as well.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Kintaro}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , 1999 Guam 15, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  10.}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Appellant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel shall be reviewed de novo.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Quintanilla, }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1998 Guam 17}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  8.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [12]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab We note that, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to . . . have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence." U.S. CONST. amend. VI.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
To determine whether this right to counsel has been violated, this Court has employed a two-part test.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Quintanilla, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1998 Guam 17}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
 }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  8.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
First, a convicted defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient. }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Secondly, the defendant must prove that defense counsel's deficient performance must have}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 prejudiced the defendant so as to result in the denial of a fair trial.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [13]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab 
Pursuant to the first prong of the test, it is the role of this court to "'judge the reasonableness of counsel's challenged conduct on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel's conduct.'"}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Quintanilla,}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  1998 Guam 17 at }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
 9, quoting }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Strickland}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , 466 U.S. 668, 690, 104 S.Ct. 2052,}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 2066.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
In turn, "'[a] convicted defendant making a claim of ineffective assistance must identify the acts or omissions of counsel that are alleged not to have been the result of reasonable professional judgment.'"}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 (citations omitted).}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [14]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Although an ineffective assistance of counsel claim may be heard on direct appeal, we have previously held that it is more properly brought as a writ of habeas corpus.}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 People v. Ueki,}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  1999 Guam 4, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  5.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Indeed, courts will often decline to reach the merits of ineffective assistance of counsel claims because such claims require }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 an evidentiary inquiry beyond the official record.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 For instance, in }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Ueki}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , this Court held that the ineffective assistance of counsel claim could not be brought on direct appeal because the record was not sufficiently complete to make a proper finding.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 See Id .}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  at}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
 32.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The record in this case is comprised of 1) The Reporter}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s Transcript of Proceedings from the grand jury indictment proceeding; 2) The excerpt of trial transcript; and 3) The transcript from the sentencing hearings.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
For purposes of reviewing Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s claim of error regarding the introd
uction of evidence, we find that the record is sufficient as the following shall demonstrate.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [15]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Root argues that his counsel should have objected to the admission of the bullet cartridge into evidence on the basis of an alleged defect in the chain of evidence.}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Root contends that this failure constituted ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Particularly, in his brief, Root implies that there was a strong possibility that the People could not establish the chain of custody over the bullet cartridge.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 As to t
his assertion of error, we have observed that discrepancies relating to the chain of evidence are relevant to the }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 weight}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  of the evidence proffered, not its admissibility.}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 See United States v. Robinson,}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  967 F.2d 287, 291 (9th Cir. 1992).}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [16]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Where a defec
t in the chain of custody of evidence is alleged, the general rule holds that the prosecution must introduce sufficient proof so that a reasonable juror could find that the evidence is in substantially the same condition as when it was seized.}{
\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 U.S. v. Harrington}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 , 923 F.2d 1371 (1991).}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
In addition, a court may admit evidence if there is a reasonable probability that the evidence has not been changed in important respects.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [17]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab The record in this case reveals that Officer Tracey L. Volta, the police officer who originally responded to Rolland}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s call, testified that upon arriving at the scene he was directed to Rolland}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s refrigerator.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at 31.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 He testified that he observed a hole in the exterior of the refrigerator.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at 31-32.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Volta then testified to opening the refrigerator, finding the bullet, and then confiscating the bullet and turning it into the Property Section.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id.}{\insrsid5837091  
}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Volta later testified that People}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s Exhibit 3 was a photograph of the bullet cartridge that he confiscated from Rolland}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s refrigerator.
}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at 34.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [18]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab Based on the foregoing facts, sufficient testimony was elicited at trial to justify the admission of the bullet cartridge evidence.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 However, we note that Root}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s counsel did not have the benefit of hindsight as we do.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 He did not know that the People would put forth the relevant evidence.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
Therefore, there may well have been an error in deciding to make the original stipulation.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 However, our analysis has determined that no prejudice resulted.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Thus, we need not determine whether or not the decision to stipulate was in error because the second prong requires that the error, if indeed there was one, must cause prejudice.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Quintanilla, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 1998 Guam 17}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  8.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Accordingly, the claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is unfounded as to this particular contention.}{
\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 C.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Failure to Assert the Defense of Insanity and/or Intoxication.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [19]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab 
Lastly, Root contends that there was clear and repeated testimony by Rolland that the Defendant was paranoid and insane from drug use at the time of the incident.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 In}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
 Wood v. Zahradnick}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
, 430 F.Supp. 107, 109-110 (1977), the defendant, who had a mental history that indicated below normal intelligence and possible retardation, raped and murdered his neighbor while possibly under the influence of heroin.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 At trial, his counsel failed to explore the possibility of the defendant}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s incompetency to stand trial or his sanity at the time of the offense.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 110.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The court held this failure constituted ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 113.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [20]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab The court in }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Wood }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 explained that the defendant}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s long history of mental difficulties was easily ascertainable and highly relevant.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 110-112.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 The court also emphasized that the defendant was on trial for murder and the insanity defense may have been his only valid defense.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 . at 111-112.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Accordingly, it held that it was completely satisfied that the issue of the defendant}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s mental status }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 should have been explored and counsel}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s failure to do so deprived the petitioner of his right, secured by the Sixth Amendment, to effective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Id. }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 at 111.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [21]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab In the instant case, Rolland testified that Root had a history of alcohol and drug abuse.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li360\ri360\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin360\lin360\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\f66\super\insrsid11419766 \chftn }{\f66\insrsid11419766   }{\f66\fs20\insrsid11419766 
Transcript at p. 23, (Extract of Trial Proceedings, June 30, 1998)}}}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 This statement was echoed by Root himself at the sentencing hearing.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Although, }
{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 it is not for the lawyer to fabricate defenses, . . . he does ha}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
ve an affirmative obligation to make suitable inquiry to determine whether valid ones exist.}{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid5837091  }{
\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Woods, }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 430 F. Supp. at 111 (citations omitted.)}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
The record simply is not complete to the extent necessary to decide this issue on the merits.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 See Ueki,}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  1999 Guam 4 at }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091  32.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
We are unable to ascertain whether counsel practiced due diligence in deciding not to pursue this type of defense.}{\insrsid9442374 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 [22]}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 \tab There was sufficient evidence to sustain the conviction for Terrorizing.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Accordingly, the trial court}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s decision relative to the denial of Appellant}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 s Motion is }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
AFFIRMED}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 .}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Furthermore, because the record clearly demonstrated that there was no prejudicial error as to the admission of the bullet,}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 we find that there was no ineffective assistance of counsel in that specific regard.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
As to the second claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the record is insufficient to decide the merits.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 We, therefore, deny the claim pursuant to }{\i\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Ueki.}{
\i\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Based on the foregoing, Appellant}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
s requests for a new trial based on his claims for ineffective assistance of counsel are }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 DENIED}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 .}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 
The trial court conviction is hereby }{\b\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 AFFIRMED}{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 .}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 PETER C.}{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 SIGUENZA\tab \tab \tab \tab JOSE I.}{\insrsid5837091  }{
\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 LEON GUERRERO}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid5837091  }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Associate Justice Pro Tempore}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9442374 {\insrsid9442374 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5837091 {\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }{\insrsid11419766\charrsid5837091 Chief Justice}{\insrsid9442374 
\par }}