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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par Plaintiff-Appellee \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 vs.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 RUSSELL JOSEPH KINTARO}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Supreme Court Case No. CRA98-008 \par Superior Court Case No. CF0041-98 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Filed: May 6, 1999 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Cite as: 1999 Guam 15}{\b\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid16274188\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appeal }{\insrsid16274188 from the Superior Court of Guam}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par Argued and Submitted on January 27, 1999 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4658\clshdrawnil \cellx4658 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4701\clshdrawnil \cellx9359\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }{\ul\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Judith Hattori \par Assistant Attorney General, \par Office of the Attorney General}{\ul\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Prosecution Division \par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building \par 120 W O}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Brien Drive}{\ul\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }{\ul\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant: \par }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 G. Patrick Civille, Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par Ching, Boertzel, Civille, Calvo. & Tang}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par A Professional Corporation \par Suite 400, GCIC Building \par 414 West Soledad Avenue \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4658\clshdrawnil \cellx4658\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4701\clshdrawnil \cellx9359 \row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice}{\cs15\super\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1137442 \chftn }{\insrsid1137442 }{\fs20\insrsid1137442 The sig natures in this opinion reflect the titles of the justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ; JANET HEALY WEEKS}{\cs15\super\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1137442 \chftn }{\insrsid1137442 }{\fs20\insrsid1137442 Justice Janet Healy Weeks resigned from the court after hearing oral arguments in this matter.}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , and BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Associate Justices.}{\insrsid16274188 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid7892834 CRUZ, J.: \par }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [1]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Appellant Russel Joseph Kintaro appeals his convictions for 1) Operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a) (1994); and}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 2) Operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while he had 0.08% or more, by weight, of alcohol in his blood in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b) (1994).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He argues that he was denied effective assistance of counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and that there was insufficient evidence to support his convictions.}{\insrsid1137442 \par }{\insrsid7892834\charrsid16274188 \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [2]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab For the reasons set forth below, we find that Appellant received effective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 We also affirm the felony conviction for operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, pursuant to 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Ho wever, we reverse the felony conviction for operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while having 0.08% or more, by weight, of alcohol in his blood in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b). \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 BACKGROUND}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [3]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab A t approximately 2:00 a.m. on January 15, 1998, Officer Jason P. Flickinger and Officer Joseph Balbas of the Guam Police Department investigated an automobile crash at the intersection of Routes 1 and 3 in Dededo.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The officers determined that a vehicle had run off the roadway and struck a retaining wall approximately 100 feet off the roadway shoulder.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Bystanders informed the officers that an individual wearing a polo shirt and dark colored pants }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 involved}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 with the vehicle had walked towards Johndel Supermarket.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [4]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Proceeding in the direction of the supermarket, Officer Flickinger observed Appellant Russel Joseph Kintaro (}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ) wearing a polo-type shirt standing by the pay phones at the supermarket.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Officer Flickinger asked Appellant if he was the owner of the vehicle that had struck the wall, to which Appellant responded, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 yes.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 At this time, Officer Flickinger detected the odor of an intoxicating beverage on Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s breath as he spoke to him.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He also noted that Appellant was }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 stumbling slightly and that his speech was slurred.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [5]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Appellant agreed to accompany Officer Flickinger back to the scene of the accident.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Once there, Appellant displayed difficulty keeping his balance.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Both officers observed that his eyes were also bloodshot and watery.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The officers also noticed the strong odor of alcohol emanating from the interior of the police vehicle.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Officer Flic kinger then asked Appellant to submit to a field sobriety test to which Appellant refused.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 However, when questioned about his alcohol consumption, he did admit to drinking that night.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 At this point, Appellant was placed under arrest and transported to the Dededo precinct.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [6]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab At the precinct, Appellant submitted to a breath test and answered questions concerning his alcohol consumption that evening.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He indicated that he had started drinking }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 mostly beers}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at 7:00 p.m. and stopped at about 10:00 p.m..}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He claimed that he consumed four beers.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Subsequently, Officer Balbas administered the Intoxilyzer test, the results of which indicated that Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s blood alcohol content was 0.185%, exceeding the legal limit of 0.08% by 0.105% (B.A.C.).}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [7]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Subsequently, on January 22, 1998, Appellant Kintaro was charged with 1) Operating and being in phy sical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a);} {\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 and 2) Operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while he had 0.08% or more, by weight, of alcohol in his blood, in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b).}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [8]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab At trial, Officer Flickinger testified that at the scene of the accident Appellant stated that he was driving the vehicle involved in the accident.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Significantly, Appellant maintained that he was forced to drive off the road in order to avoid colliding with a vehicle that had made an unsafe lane change.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Officer Flickinger also testified that Appellant was not able to provide the license plate number or a descrip tion of the vehicle nor did he appear to be concerned about the whereabouts of the vehicle that had allegedly run him off the road and caused the accident. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury returned a guilty verdict on both charges.}{ \insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF LAW}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [9]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab This court has subject matter jurisdiction based upon 7 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 3107 and 3108 (1994).}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 This appeal is based on four grounds.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appellant argues that 1) He was denied effective assistance of counsel;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 2) There was insufficient evidence to establish that he was driving the vehicle;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 3) There was insufficient evidence to convict him of driving with a blood alcohol content over 0.08%;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 and 4) The breath analysis device (}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Intoxilyzer}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ) used to determine his blood alcohol conte}{\insrsid7892834 nt was not properly calibrated. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 I.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [10]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab We begin with Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Whether a defendant has received ineffective assistance of counsel is a question of law.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 People v. Quintanilla, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1998 Guam 17, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 8 ;}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 People v. Reyes, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1998 Guam 32, }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 9;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 People v. Perez}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 1999 Guam 2, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 33.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Where this legal query turns significantly on the facts of a particular case, the issue becomes a question of fact as well.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 See Strickland v. Washington}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 466 U.S. 668, 698, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2070 (1984).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel shall be reviewed}{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 de novo}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 .}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Quintanilla, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 8;}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Reyes,}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 9;}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Perez}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 33.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [11]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to . . . have the Assi}{\insrsid7892834 stance of Counsel for his defens}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 e.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 U.S. CONST. amend. VI.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 To determine whether this right to counsel has been violated, we employ a two part test.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Quintanilla, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 8.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 First, a convicted defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Secondly, the defendant must prove that defense counsel's deficient performance must have so prejudiced the defendant as to result in the denial of a fair trial.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [12]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Pursuant to the first prong of the test, it is the role of this court to }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 judge the reasonableness of counsel's challenged conduct on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel's conduct.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Quintanilla}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , at }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 9, }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 quoting}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Strickland }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 466 U.S. at 690, 104 S.Ct. at 2066.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In turn, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [ a] convicted defendant making a claim of ineffective assistance must identify the acts or omissions of counsel that are alleged not to have been the result of reasonable professional judgment.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{ \insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [13]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Attempting to identify the unreasonable acts and omissions of his counsel, Appellant argues that his trial counsel failed to make objections that would have required the prosecution to follow the corpus delicti doctrine.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 According to the corpus delicti doctrine, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 in order to convict a defendant of a crime based upon an extra-judicial confession or statement, the defendant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s statement must be corroborated by some evidence of the corpus delicti.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Government of Virgin Islands v. Harris}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 938 F.2d 401, 409 (3rd Cir. 1991).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In contrast, the trustworthiness doctrine provides that }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 direct proof of the corpus delicti is not required; the evidence may even be collateral to the crime itself.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 .}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The two doctrines differ in that the trustworthiness doctrine emphasizes the reliability of the defendant}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s confession over the independent evidence of the corpus delicti.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id. }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [14]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In the instant case, Appellant, employing the corpus delicti doctrine, argues that hearsay statements and his admission were erroneously allowed into evidence despite the absence of independent proof that he was in fact driving.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Taking into consideration the fact that the corpus delicti doctrine has been characterized as }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 fraught with opportunity with endless dispute,}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 we explicitly decline to adopt the doctrine.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 See Harris}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 938 F.2d at 410, n.7.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Consequently, we do not agree with Appellant}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s assertions of error.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Instead, we adopt the trustworthiness doctrine, recognizing that it is as strict, if not stricter, than the corpus delicti doctrine in excluding confessions.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Indeed, although the two doctrines may lead to the same ultimate result in many cases, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [t]he advantage of the trustworthiness doctrine }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 lies in its simplicity and its direct bearing on the reliability of the facts stated in the confession or admission.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [15]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In view of the undisputed facts that Appellant matched the description given to police by the bystanders and t hat Appellant owned the vehicle involved in the accident, we are satisfied that Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s admission of driving the vehicle at the time of the accident was adequately corroborated by }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 substantial independent evidence which would tend to establish the trustworthiness of the statement.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Harris, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 938 F.2d}{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at 410}{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , quoting Opper v. United States}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 348 U.S. 84, 93, 75 S.Ct. 158, 164 (1954).}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [16]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In addition, the defense}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s theory of the case, that is, the explanation of evasive driving, logically presumes that Appellant was driving at the time of the accident.}{\cs15\super\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1137442 \chftn }{\insrsid1137442 }{\fs20\insrsid1137442 The record on appeal did not include the opening nor the closing statements of either party. Thus, the court may only glean the defense}{\fs20\insrsid1137442 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid1137442 s trial strategy from the line of questioning set forth in the limited record.}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The record also indicates that defense counsel conceded this fact in arguing that Appellant drove off the road in an attempt to avoid another car.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The cross examination of the police officers also highlighted the reasonableness of Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s feathering of the brakes as well as the proposition that a person with a knee injury would not be able to physically perform the field sobriety test as well as someone without an injury.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 To be even relevant, this line of questioning presumes that Appellant was driving.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [17]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Based on the foregoing, we are unable to say that }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 in light of all the circumstances, the identified acts or omissions were outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Quintanilla}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 9.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Furthermore, in }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Quintanilla}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , we held that, }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 the court should recognize that counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Mindful of the thorou gh, yet deferential nature of this review, we find that the record before us does not reveal evidence sufficient to overcome this presumption.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Accordingly, we conclude that Appellant received effective assistance of counsel during his trial.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 II.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [18]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab We next address Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s sufficiency of the evidence claims.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The critical inquiry on review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is t o determine whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 People v. Reyes, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1998 Guam 32, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 7.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 When a criminal defe ndant asserts that there is insufficient evidence to sustain the conviction, this court reviews the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution to ascertain whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crim e beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 "The Ninth Circuit has noted that this is a highly deferential standard."}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [19]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Appellant was charged and convicted of 1) Operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, in violation of 16 GCA }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a);}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 and 2) Operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while he had 0.08% or more, by weight, of alcohol in his blood in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the conviction for violating 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a), specifically because that there was no reliable proof that he was driving.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 We disagree.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [20]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In the previous discussion addressing the ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we found Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s admission that he was driving the vehicle to be admissible.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 We noted that the police r eceived a description of the vehicle}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s operator from witnesses at the scene and that this description matched Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 It was also undisputed fact that Appellant owned the vehicle involved in the accident.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In addition, we also observed that the defense}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s theory of the case presupposed that Appellant was driving the vehicle.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Combined, these factors provided adequate indicia of trustworthiness and reliability such that the admission was deemed to be admissible.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 While this determination led us to conclude that Appellant received effective assistance of counsel in the previous discussion, it also serves to provide sufficient evi dence of the fact that Appellant was indeed driving the vehicle at the time of the accident.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Consequently, the matter as to whether or not Appellant was driving is well settled.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [21]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab The record further reveals that Appellant exhibited objective signs of being under the influence of alcohol.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 He smelled of alcohol, had difficulty maintaining his balance, and slurred his speech.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 His eyes were also bloodshot and watery.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In view of the highly deferential standard to which we must adhere, we hold that the essential elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Reyes, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 7.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Consequently, we find there is sufficient evidence to convict on the Driving Under the Influence charge pursuant to 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 III.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [22]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab We turn now to the conviction for violating 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b) (as a third degree felony).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appellant once again asserts that there was insufficient eviden ce to convict. As in the previous analysis, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution to ascertain whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Reyes, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 at }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 7.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [23]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Appellant asserts that there was no testimony regarding the meaning of the Intoxilyzer reading in this case, including what it was that the Intoxilyzer was measuring and the relationship of this measurement to blood alcohol by weight.}{\insrsid16274188 } {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Appellant maintains that the Intoxilyzer employed by GPD does not measure blood alcohol content but rather breath alcohol content.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Thus, there was insufficient evidence to convict because the Intoxilyzer did not technically measure Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s blood alcohol content, and there was nothing offered regarding the correlation between blood alcohol content and the breath alcohol that was actually measured.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [24]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Although subject to varied judicial interpretation, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 DUI}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 statutes are substantially similar relative to the elements that must be proven.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 See}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1 RICHARD E. ERWIN, DEFENSE OF DRIVING DRUNK CASES}{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ,}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1.00, (3d ed. Matthew Bender & Company Inc.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1991).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Generally, the offense of Driving Under the Influence consists of }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 the operation, contro l, or manipulation of a vehicle, in a place accessible to the public, while under the influence of an intoxicant (alcohol or drugs or a combination of both) }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 or while one}{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s blood alcohol level is at or above a certain level}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 . . . .}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 (emphasis added).}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [25]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Locally, section 18102 (b), the applicable statute, differs slightly from the general statutes in that it omits the public place prong.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 However, the statute conforms to the }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 norm}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 in the remaining aspects, the most notable of which is the }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 per se}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 driving offense whereby an individual is in violation merely by virtue of the amount of alcohol in his or her blood.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Specifically, section 18102 (b) provides that an individual is in violation if he or she has }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 eight one\_hundredths of one percent (0.08%) or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [26]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In their entirety, 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a) and (b) provide:}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Influence of Alcohol and Controlled Substances;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Causing Bodily Injury to Person Other Than Driver;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Alcoholic Content in Blood;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Proof.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 (a) It is unlawful for any person, while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any controlled substance, or und er the combined influence of an alcoholic beverage and any controlled substance, to operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 (b) It is unlawful for any person, while having eight one\_hundredths of one percent (0.08%) or more, by weight, of al cohol in his or her blood to operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a) and (b) (1994).}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [27]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In addition, Title 16 of the Guam Code Annotated section 18101 defines the term }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Driving Under the Influence}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 as follows: }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 (a) Driving under the influence ("DUI") or while intoxicated means any person driving a vehicle under the influence of an alcoholic b everage or a controlled substance or a combination thereof, when as a result of consuming such alcoholic beverage or controlled substance or the combination thereof, his or her physical or mental abilities are impaired to such a degree that he or she no l onger has the ability to drive a vehicle with the caution characteristics of a sober person of ordinary prudence, under the same or similar circumstance, and includes any person operating or in actual physical control of a motor vehicle who has }{ \b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 eight one\_hundredths of one percent (0.08%) or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood.}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid7892834 \par }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18101 (a) (1994) (emphasis added). }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [28]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In the instant case, the record indicates that the trial judge explained to the jury that the legal amount of blood alcohol content (}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 B.A.C.}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 ) on Guam was 0.08%.}{\cs15\super\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs15\super\insrsid1137442 \chftn }{\insrsid1137442 }{\fs20\insrsid1137442 The trial transcript indicates that the judge stated, }{\fs20\insrsid1137442 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{ \fs20\insrsid1137442 The Court has already advised the Jury that one of the elements that must be proven is that the Defendant was driving above the 0.08.}{\fs20\insrsid1137442 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt \f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid1137442 Transcript, vol. I, p. 79 (Trial, March 25, 1998). \par }}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 However, the unit of measurement relative to this amount, that is, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 grams of alcohol per one hundred (100) milliliters of blood,}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 was not stated.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The record also indicates that the prosecution attempted to present evidence that Appellant}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s B.A.C. was above the legally permissible amount.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The prosecutor asked: }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 And what was the subject}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s blood alcohol reading?}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The witness who had conducted the test responded, }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [p]oint one eight five.}{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Subsequently, the printed result indicating the Intoxilyzer reading was also admitted into evidence.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Significantly, however, the question propounded by the prosecution pertaining to the blood alcohol level of the Appellant lacked the specificity necessary to elicit a response sufficient to prove the violation.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [29]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Turning our analysis to the adequacy of the foundation in this case, in }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 People v. Sandbergen}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 1985 WL 56575 (D. Guam App. Div. July 24, 1985), a Superior Court DUI conviction was reversed because the trial court erroneously admitted the results of the Alcohol Level Evaluation Road Tester (ALERT).}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 This ruling was based upon the appellate division}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 s finding that the ALERT results were admitted without foundation.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Sandbergen}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , the court found that the breath test was administered by a police officer who conducted the test and checked the device in accordance with instructions he had been given.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 However, this officer could neither explain:}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1) How the device actually worked;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 2) How the test results are converted to a blood alcohol concentration figure;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 nor, 3) How the device is calibrated to ensure accuracy of the results.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Significantly, no other witnesses were called to supply this information.}{\i\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Sandbergen}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 , 1985 WL 56575 at *1.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [30]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Consequently, the court held that the results of the breath test were inadmissible due to lack of a proper foundation.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In doing so, the court emphasized the necessity of valid evidence specifically offered to prove the degree of intoxication of the person who has breathed into the measuring device.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The court also noted that: }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [t]he device, apparently, makes some kind of an analysis of the breath, but how and what kind we are not told.}{\insrsid16274188 }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 There may be some correlation between the analysis of the breath and the alcohol level of the blood, but again, we have no evidence of whether or why this is so.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 It is not enough to prove that the test was administered according to instructions, if there is no proof that the results are valid when that is done.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Id.}{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [31]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab We find the absence of two out of the three }{\i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Sandbergen}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 factors to be determinative in this matter.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The instant case lacks:}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1) Evidence explaining how the breath test results are converted into a percentage of blood alcohol concentration;}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 and 2) An explanation as to how the device works.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The absence of both factors was significant in the view of the }{ \i\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Sandbergen}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 court.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In additi on, although the record indicates how the Intoxilyzer is, or at least should be, calibrated, and that the calibration of the Intoxilyzer used in this case conformed to factory specifications, we note that the calibration of the Intoxilyzer did not conform with GPD policy.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Indeed, despite viewing the evidence in a light favorable to the People, their failure to provide an adequate foundation as to the Intoxilyzer results is glaringly apparent.}{ \insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [32]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab In summation, in order to prove that section 18102 (b) was violated, the evidence specifically pertaining to the results of the Intoxilyzer must strictly conform to the statutory measurement.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Specifically, the People must prove that the defendant }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 while having eight one\_ hundredths of one percent (0.08%) or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood, based upon grams of alcohol per one hundred (100) milliliters of blood}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 was operating or in physical control of a motor vehicle.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 The proper foundation for the crime of Driving Under the Influence in violation of Section 18102 (b) must also include:}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 1) Evidence explaining how the breath test results are converted into a percentage of blood alcohol concentration;}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 2) An explanation as to how the device works; and 3) How the device is calibrated to ensure accuracy of the results. }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [33]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Based on the foregoing, we hold that insufficient evidence existed to justify the conviction for violating 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b) (as a third degree felony).}{\cs15\super\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid1137442 \chftn }{\f66\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137442 Because we reverse the 16 GCA }{ \f66\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137442 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\f66\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137442 18102 (b) conviction, we need not address the calibration of the Intoxilyzer used in this case.}}}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid7892834 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 IV.}{\b\insrsid16274188 }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 [34]}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \tab Based on the foregoing, we find that Appellant received effective assistance of counsel in conformance with the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution.}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 In addition, we }{ \b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 AFFIRM}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 the felony conviction for operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (a).}{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Finally, we }{\b\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 REVERSE }{ \insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 the felony conviction for operating and being in physical control of a vehicle while having 0.08% or more, by weight, of alcohol in the blood in violation of 16 GCA }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 18102 (b).}{\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid7892834 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 JANET HEALY WEEKS \par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid16274188 }{\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 Associate Justice}{\insrsid16274188 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7892834 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16274188 {\insrsid1137442\charrsid16274188 PETER C. SIGUENZA \par Chief Justice \par }}