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People v. Benito Jose Mesa Reyes,}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  1999 Guam 11, Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid14577100 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6055826 9}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  of 12
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid14693009 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 PEOPLE OF GUAM
\par }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Plaintiff-Appellee
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 BENITO JOSE MESA REYES}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
\par Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid14693009 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Supreme Court Case No. CRA98-005
\par Superior Court Case No. CF0133-94}{\insrsid14693009 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Filed: 30 April 1999}{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid14693009  }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 1999 Guam 11
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam 
\par Submitted for oral argument on 01 February 1999
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid14693009 
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\par }{\ul\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 : 
\par Gerad Egan
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building
\par 120 West O}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brien Drive
\par Hagat\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell 
\par }{\ul\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant:}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
\par Richard S. Dirkx
\par Assistant Public Defender
\par Public Defender Service Corporation
\par 200 Judicial Center Annex
\par 110 West O}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brien Drive
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\par BEFORE:}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 The signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 ; JANET HEALY WEEKS, and RICHARD BENSON, Associate Justices.}{\insrsid14577100 
\par }{\insrsid6055826\charrsid14693009 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid6055826 WEEKS, J:
\par }{\insrsid6055826\charrsid14693009 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [1]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Appellant Benito Jose Reyes appeals his conviction of Importation of a Schedule I Controlled Substance (As a 1}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 st}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Degree Felony).}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying his request for a new trial based upon newly discovered evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Upon review of the record, we find that the trial court abused its discretion.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
Accordingly, the decision of the trial court is reversed and the matter is remanded for a new trial.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 I.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [2]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab On the evening of 1 September 1993, Benito Jose Mesa Reyes (hereinafter }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 ) arrived on Guam from Koror, Palau.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 During the time he was being interviewed for clearance through Customs, Reyes}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  name was flagged on the computer records of Customs as a }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Code 1". (the result of a prior misdemeanor conviction for possession of marijuana in 1986).}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 This }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Code 1" cl
assification meant that Reyes would be subjected to a secondary search every time he came through Customs.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 The }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
Code 1" classification was devised as a part of the internal procedures used by Customs to alert officers of passengers with prior drug convictions. }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 See }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
Transcript, vol. IV, p. 40-41 (Trial 2 October 1997).}}}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes had a carry-on bag and at least two coolers of fish and other food.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
During the secondary inspection, Officer Federico Lumagui discovered a plastic bag containing a green substance taped to the bottom of a board inside the carry-on bag that supported the bottom of the bag.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 This substance was field tested positive as marijuana.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [3]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes was arrested by Customs and the bag of marijuana was sealed in another bag. The evidence was sent to the crime lab for prints and analysis.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes was confined for a period of time,}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 the duration of which is not clear, and then released.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
Neither party has provided the court with a record of the period of time he was actually confined.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [4]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab On 2 May 1994, the Grand Jury indicted Reyes on one count of importing a Schedule I Controlled Substance (as a 1}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 st}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Degree Felony), pursuant to 9 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  67.89.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 He was eventually arrested on 4 December 1996 and arraigned shortly thereafter.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [5]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
 counsel filed a pretrial motion to compel discovery on 16 January 1997 requesting a number of different items, including but not limited to exculpatory material}{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 .}{\i\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Most of the requested items were required for disclosure under 8 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  70.10 (1993).}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 A hearing was held on 14 February 1997, in which the custodian of records from Guam Cu
stoms and Quarantine and witnesses from the Guam Police Department were subpoenaed.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 At that hearing, defendant}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s counsel was able to review what was represented to be the entire Customs}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s file and all police records regarding the defendant}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s case.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [6]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab A pretrial motion to dismiss was also filed on 17 January 1997 alleging three reasons for dismissal: 1) Unlawful detention without a magistrate}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s hearing; 2) Violation of the citation and notice to appear process prescribed by 8 GCA }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  25.30, (As interpreted by }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Palomo}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1998 Guam 12); and 3) pre-indictment delay.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The motion to dismiss was denied, but no findings were made.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [7]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Jury selection and trial began on 1 October 1997.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 After the completion of jury selection, Reyes}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  counsel reiterated his request for any material covered under }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady v. Maryland}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194 (1963) and the government stated that all materials had been turned over to defense counsel.}{
\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 
See }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 Transcript, vol. III, p. 78-82 (Jury Selection 1 October 1997).}}}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The trial continued through 3 October 1997.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
Deliberations began 3 October 1997 and resumed on 6 October 1997, with the jury requesting certain testimony be re-read and a request to see }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 any arrival/custom records that may show that Mr. Reyes was searched or not searched upon arrival from Palau everytime from 1986 to 1993.}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 See }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 Appellant}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
s Excerpts of Record at 3.}}}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 In response to the jury}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s request for arrival/customs records, the trial court properly advised the jury that they}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
would have to make their decision based upon what has been presented as evidence.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 See}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  Transcript, vol. VI, p. 59 (Jury Deliberations 6 October 1997).}}}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 That same day, the jury returned a verdict of guilty.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [8]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab After trial, reports regarding searches of the defendant from February, May, and July 1993 were discovered by investigators from the offices of defense counsel.}{
\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 On 10 October 1997, Reyes filed a Motion for New Trial based upon the discovery of new evidence, namely the newly discovered Customs records.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
After a hearing on the matter, the trial court denied the motion finding that the new evidence was not relevant.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
Subsequently, Reyes filed a motion to reconsider, which was also denied by the trial court.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes was sentenced and judgment was entered on 30 March 1998.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes remains on release pending resolution of this appeal.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 II.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [9]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes raises three issues on appeal.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
First, whether the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial based upon the discovery of new evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Second,}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 whether the People}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s failure to disclose certain evidence to Reyes before trial deprived him of due process.}{
\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Finally, whether the People complied with the requirements of 8 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  25.30 and this court}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s decision in }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Palomo}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1998 Guam 12.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 In light of the Court}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid14577100 s disposition of this matter, }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 infra}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 , the court need not reach the merits of the second and third arguments presented by Reyes. }}}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 III.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [10]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab This court has jurisdiction pursuant to 7 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  3108 and 3108 (1994).}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 IV.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [11]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial based}{\insrsid6055826  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
upon newly discovered evidence and requests this court to reverse his conviction and remand this matter for a new trial.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
This court reviews a denial of a motion for new trial under an abuse of discretion standard. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Quinata}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1999 Guam 6, }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 16.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [12]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Under this sta
ndard, this court cannot reverse a decision unless it has a definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon a weighing of relevant factors. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
People v. Tuncap}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1998 Guam 13, }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 12; }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Quinata}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1999 Guam 6, }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 17.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 A trial court may abuse its discretion if under certain circumstances it does not apply the correct law or if it rests its decision on a c
learly erroneous finding of material fact. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Tuncap}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 1998 Guam 13, }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 13.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 A trial court may also abuse its discretion when the record contains no evidence to support its decision. }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Id.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [13]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab In ruling from the bench, the trial court held that the newly discovered evidence was
 not relevant to the case, noting that the newly discovered evidence would tend to prove or disprove motive, which was not an element of the crime charged.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Based upon this conclusion of r
elevance, the trial court also found that the newly discovered evidence was not exculpatory}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 See }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 Transcript, vol. VII, p. 26-27 (Post-trial Motions 4 December 1997).}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
. The trial court expressed concern that the definition of exculpatory evidence was unclear and was not sure how to properly address the issue when it arises.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  at 28.}}}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The trial court declared that the Customs records were not exculpatory and partially denied the motion for new trial on this basis; however the record does not indicate the f
actual or legal basis for its decision nor the legal rule that was applied in that determination.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [14]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Normally, in order to prevail on a motion for new trial based upon newly discovered evidence, a movant}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
must show: 1) the evidence is newly discovered; 2
) the failure to discover the evidence sooner was not the result of lack of diligence; 3) the evidence is material to the issues at trial; 4) the evidence is neither cumulative nor impeaching; and 5) the evidence, at a new trial, would probably result in 
acquittal. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Sitton}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 968 F.2d 947, 959-960 (9}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 th}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Cir. 1992), }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 citing}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Kulczyk}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 931 F.2d 542 (9}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 th}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Cir. 1991).}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [15]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab However, in examining the merits of Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  motion for new trial, the analysis changes when the situation involves the suppression of evidence, albeit unintentional.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
The question before the court is whether this evidence was suppressed and whether this evidence is exculpatory, amounting to a due process violation under }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady v. Maryland}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194 (1963).}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The suppression by the government of material evidence violates due process and requires that the tainted conviction be vacated. }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Sarno,}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  73 F.3d 1470, 1504 (9}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 th}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Cir. 1995)}{\insrsid6055826\charrsid6055826 
\par }{\insrsid6055826 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [16]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab In }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady v. Maryland}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 1197 (1963), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the suppression of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to pun
ishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 In a later case, }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Agurs}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
, 427 U.S. 97, 96 S.Ct. 2392 (1976), the U.S. Supreme Court distinguished between three different situations for determining the materiality of evidence.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
The first situation established by the court is the knowing use of perjured testimony by a prosecutor or a prosecutor}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
s failure to disclose that the testimony used to convict the defendant was false. }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100  }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
In this situation, perjured testimony is material, unless the failure to disclose the evidence was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 Agurs}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 , 427 U.S. at 103, 96 S.Ct. 2397.  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 The second situation established by the court was where a defendant does not make a specific }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 Brady}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
 request and the prosecutor fails to disclose favorable evidence to the accused.  The court failed to specifically set a standard for materiality, but refused to apply a harmless error standard as in the first situation and also rejected
 requiring a defendant to show that if the evidence were disclosed, it would have resulted in an acquittal. }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  at 111, 96 S.Ct. at 2401.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 The third situation is where a defendant makes a specific request and the prosecutor fails to disclose the evidence. 
 Again, the court did not establish a standard of materiality. }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 Id. }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 at 106, 96 S.Ct. at 2398.}}}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [17]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab However, the test was for materiality under }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 was reformulated in }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Bagley}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 473 U.S. 667, 105 S.Ct. 3375 (1985).}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 In }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Bagley, }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 the court rejected the different tests established in }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Agurs}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
 and adopted a standard that evidence is material only if there a reasonable probability that if the evidence had been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Id. }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 at 682, 105 S.Ct. 3383.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Id. }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 at}{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 681.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [18]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab In }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Kyles v. Whitley}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
, 514 U.S. 419, 115 S.Ct. 1555 (1995), the Supreme Court upheld the materiality standards in }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Bagley }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 and refined the respective duties of a prosecutor to disclose evidence under }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  in determining whether evidence was indeed suppressed.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
The court held that a prosecutor has a duty to learn of any favorable evidence known to others acting on the government}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s behalf in the case, which includes police. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Id. }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 at 437, 115 S.Ct. at 1567.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
But where a prosecutor fails to disclose known favorable evidence that rises to a level of material importance, the prosecutor has failed to meet their obligation under }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady.}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Id. }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 at 438, 115 S.Ct. at 1568.}{\i\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [19]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Under Guam}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s discovery statute, as codified under 8 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  70.10 et seq. (1993), the prosecuting attorney}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s obligation requires disclosure of }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  material that the prosecuting attorney knows to exist or }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 by the exercise of due diligence may become known}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  to him.}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 Title 8 G.C.A. }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  70.10 (1993) provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-6480\li7200\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin7200\itap0 {\b\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\b\fs20\insrsid14577100 70.10.\tab 
Matters Generally Discoverable; Prosecutor}{\b\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\b\fs20\insrsid14577100 s Obligations.}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (a)\tab Except as otherwise provided by }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 70.20 and 70.30, at any ti
me after the first appearance upon noticed motion by the defendant, the court shall order the prosecuting attorney to disclose to the defendant}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid14577100 s attorney or permit the defendant}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
s attorney to inspect and copy the following material and information within his possession or control, the existence of which is known, or by the exercise of due diligence may become known to the prosecuting attorney:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (1)\tab the name and address 
of any person whom the prosecuting attorney intends to call as a witness at the trial, together with his relevant written or recorded statement;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (2)\tab any written or recorded statement and the substance of any oral statement made by the defendant or made by
 a co-defendant if the trial is to be a joint one;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (3)\tab 
any report or statement of an expert, made in connection with the case, including results of physical or mental examinations and of scientific tests, experiments or comparisons;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (4)\tab any book, paper, 
document, photograph or tangible object, which the prosecuting attorney intends to use in the trial or which was obtained from or belonged to the defendant;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (5)\tab any record of prior criminal convictions of persons whom the prosecuting attorney intends to call as witnesses at the trial;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (6)\tab whether there has been an electronic surveillance of conversations to which the defendant was party or of his premises;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (7)\tab any material or information which tends to negate the guilt of the defendant as to the offense 
charged or would tend to reduce the punishment therefor.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid14577100 (b)\tab The prosecuting attorney}{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid14577100 s obligations under this 
Section extend to any material information in the possession or control of members of his staff and any other persons who have participated in the investigation or evaluation of the case and who either regularly report or with reference to this case have 
reported to his office.}}}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [20]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab The trial court deemed the newly-discovered Customs forms as irrelevant because it felt that the evidence would aid only in the determination of motive.}{\insrsid14693009  
}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 As a small part of our examination, we must look to the standard of relevance relied upon by the trial court.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Under 6 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  401 (1995), }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}
}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 relevant evidence}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  means }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [21]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes argued during trial that he would not have committed the crime }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 knowingly}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 
A person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to his co
nduct or to attendant circumstances or the result of his conduct or attendant circumstances when he is aware of the nature of his conduct or that those circumstances exist.  A person acts knowingly or with knowledge, with respect to a result of his conduc
t is practically certain to cause the result. 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f172\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid14577100  4.30(b).}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
 because he was always being searched by Customs.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 He claims that this evidence is relevant to support his claim that he did not possess the required state of mind for the crime.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 We agree.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [22]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Reyes assertion in his testimony that he would not have knowingly carried marijuana back from Palau because he knew he would be searched by Guam Customs,}{
\cs15\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid14577100 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid14577100 
See }{\fs20\insrsid14577100 Transcript, vol. V, p. 15-16 (Trial 3 October 1997). }}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  is validated by this evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
The Customs forms provide a record of past searches conducted upon Reyes and were relevant to the jury in evaluating the veracity of Reyes claims of his lack of the required state of mind.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [23]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Although we have found this evidence to be relevant, we now examine whether the prosecutor had a duty to disclose this evidence.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [24]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab Based upon the record, it is clear to us that the government, which includes Customs, was in possession of this evidence and failed to turn over these 
records to the defense before trial.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
The government argues that this evidence was not disclosed prior to trial because the prosecutor did not know about this evidence and that Reyes did not ask for the evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
However, the record below shows that defense counsel had filed a motion for discovery requesting for all documents that were known to be in the custody of Customs.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 This motion was granted.}{
\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 At a pre-trial conference, defense counsel again requested any other material covered under }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady v. Maryland}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 .}{
\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 After the jury requested to see additional evidence regarding past searches of Reyes, defense counsel expressed concern that evidence was not disclosed, citing the testimony of one of the People}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s witnesses suggesting the existence of records documenting previous searches being conducted on Reyes.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The court was impressed by the government}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s concession during oral arguments that it was only at trial that it appeared that a record was supposed to made of all searches made upon Reyes.}{
\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Whether the failure to disclose this evidence rises to the level of a }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
 violation, also requires an examination of whether this evidence was material.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [25]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab In applying the test articulated in }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Bagley}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
, it is our belief that verdict of the jury has been compromised by the nondisclosure of this particular evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
We note that during deliberations, the jury requested to see evidence documenting past searches conducted upon Reyes.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
After being properly advised by the trial court to consider only the evidence presented to them at trial, Reyes was found guilty.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The jury}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s request to see the type of evidence that is at issue here, is telling of not only its relevance, but also of its materiality.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Although it is speculative to ascertain the actual significance of these Customs forms in the prior trial, the inability of the defense to present this evidence is troubling to the court.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The jury}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s request to see the exact type of evidence discovered after trial, only compels us even more to find that a new trial is warranted, noting that the evidence could have made a difference in the minds of the jury.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid6055826 

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [26]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab The government argues that part of the blame for the failure to disclose the evidence should be placed upon Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  defense counsel for not being diligent to ask for this evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 It is clear under }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Bagley}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  that a defendant}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s failure to request for }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 material is inconsequential to}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 determining a }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Brady }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 violation. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 See also}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  8 GCA }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}
}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  70.10. The prosecution is obligated to disclose material exculpatory evidence on its own motion and without request. }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 United States v. Service Deli}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 , 151 F.3d 938, 943 (9}{\super\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 th}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  Cir. 1998). }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [27]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab We find no fault on the part of defense counsel in his efforts to obtain the evidence prior to the trial.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
Despite the government}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s assertions that defense counsel would have been able to obtain this evidence, if he had simply asked for it, defense counsel acted accordingly in light of the information available to him at the time of his requests for discovery.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Reyes was diligent in his efforts to obtain the evidence.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [28]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab The trial court}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s reliance upon the standard of relevance was not only misplaced, but it was also misinterpreted.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
In our review of the record, we conclude that the evidence was relevant in determining whether Reyes had the requisite state of mind to commit the crime.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Although we recognize the trial court}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s difficulty of establishing a definition of what exculpatory evidence was in its decision, the standards stated in this opinion make it clear that we only need to inquire whether the confidence in Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  conviction has been undermined by the government}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s failure to disclose this evidence.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The trial court}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s reliance on the standard of relevance and its }{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 accompanying analysis, or lack thereof, was an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 The proper standard that should have been applied is the test found in }{
\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Bagley}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  to determine whether the evidence was exculpatory.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 In this case, we find that 
the newly discovered Customs forms documenting searches upon Reyes were exculpatory. The decision of the trial court denying Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  motion for new trial is reversed and the matter is remanded for a new trial.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 V.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [29]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab 
Reyes makes additional arguments for reversal based upon general assertions of denial of due process (failure to disclose evidence) and possible non-compliance with the guidelines of this court}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 s decision in }{\i\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 People v. Palomo, }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 1998 Guam 12.}{\insrsid14693009  }{
\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 In light of the court}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
s decision to reverse and remand this matter for new trial, we do not deem it necessary to consider the merits of these arguments.}{\insrsid14693009  }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 These arguments raised b
y Reyes are normally within the traditional realm of purview and resolution by a trial court and may be raised upon remand.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 VI.}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\b\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 [30]}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 \tab The decision of the trial court denying Reyes}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f172\fs24}}}{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009  motion for new trial is REVERSED and the matter is remanded for new trial.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\insrsid6055826 PETER C. SIGUENZA,
\par }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Chief Justice
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14693009 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 JANET HEALY WEEKS,}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Associate Justice}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\insrsid6055826 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6055826 {\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 RICHARD BENSON,}{\insrsid6055826 
\par }{\insrsid14577100\charrsid14693009 Associate Justice
\par }}