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Rolpherdo R. Anson, 1998 Guam 11, Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid8002465 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10696983 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 of 8 \par }\pard \qj \li-720\ri720\sl-19\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0 {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10696983 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop0\shpright10800\shpbottom19\shpfhdr1\shpbxpage\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz0\shplockanchor\shplid2049{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fillBackColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fShadow}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxpage\dobypara\dodhgt0\dprect\dpx1440\dpy0\dpxsize9360\dpysize19\dpfillfgcr0\dpfillfgcg0\dpfillfgcb0\dpfillbgcr0\dpfillbgcg0\dpfillbgcb0\dpfillpat1\dplinehollow}}}}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 \par }\pard \qj \li-720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin-720\itap0 {\insrsid8002465 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid8002465 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin5040\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 THE PEOPLE OF GUAM,\tab }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab \tab )\tab Supreme Court Case No. }{ \b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 CRQ97-002}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li5040\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin5040\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 )\tab Superior Court Case No. }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 CM1638-92}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Plaintiff,}{\insrsid10696983 \tab \tab }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab \tab ) \par }\pard \qj \li4320\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ) \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 vs.}{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ) \par }\pard \qj \li4320\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 )\tab }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab OPINION}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ROLPHERDO R. ANSON,}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab \tab \tab ) \par }\pard \qj \li4320\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ) \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-2160\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Defendant.\tab }{\insrsid10696983 \tab \tab }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab ) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\ul\insrsid10696983 ____________________________________}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 )}{\insrsid1061367 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Filed: July 6, 1998 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 Cite as: 1998 Guam 11}{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and Submitted on February 17, 1998 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid1061367 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\ul\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Appearing for the Plaintiff:}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par Monica J. Hickey \par Assistant Attorney General \par Office of the Attorney General \par Prosecution Division \par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building \par 120 West O}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Brien Drive \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par \par }{\ul\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Appearing for the Defendant:}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par Jane L. Kennedy \par Assistant Public Defender \par Public Defender Service Corporation \par 200 Judicial Center Annex \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par }{\insrsid1061367 \par }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Associate Justices. \par \par }{\b\insrsid1061367\charrsid1061367 CRUZ, J:}{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \par }{\insrsid1061367\charrsid1061367 \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [1]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab This case is before the court for review on questions of law regarding the Superior Court}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s jurisdiction over certain probationers and other related procedural questions regarding the extension of probation and the extension and further expansion of a probationer}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s terms and conditions of probation. }{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 We have certified four questions of law from the Superior Court pursuant to Rule 20(a) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure for the Supreme Court of Guam.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 After reviewing the applicable statutes, the court finds that the Superior Court}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s jurisdiction is strictly limited by statute in regards to probationers. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\b\insrsid8002465 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [2]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab A complaint was filed against the Defendant, Rolpherdo R. Anson, for the misdemeanor charges of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol (}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}} }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 DUI}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ), Reckless Driving, and Operation of a Motor Vehicle Without a Valid Driver}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s License.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Defendant pled guilty, pursuant to a plea agreement, to one charge of DUI and Operation of a Motor Vehicle without a Valid Driver}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s License. The Defendant was placed on one year probation and ordered to pay a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) plus court costs and to serve ten (10) days in the Department of Corrections (}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 DOC}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Furthermore, the court suspended the confinement based on the Defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s enrollment in an alcohol treatment program which cost two hundred dollars ($200.00) and the performance of seventy-five (75) hours of community service.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The one thousand dollar ($1,000.00) fine could be converted to community service at the rate of four dollars and seventy-five cents ($4.75) per hour.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Such plea wa}{ \insrsid10696983 s entered into on May 11, 1993.}{\insrsid8002465 \par }{\insrsid10696983\charrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [3]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab On June 28, 1993, the court dismissed restitution.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Defendant had failed to report to Probation on}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 a monthly}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 basis}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 and}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 had}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 not}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 made}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 payment}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 of}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 his}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 fine;}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 therefore,}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 the}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 court, on September 13, 1993, filed an Order to Show Cause.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Defendant appeared with counsel on October 5, 1993 and a further proceeding was scheduled for December 6, 1993, at which the Defendant failed to appear.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 A warrant was issued for his arrest.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Defendant appeared with counsel on December 7, 1993, the warrant was vacated, and a further proceeding was then scheduled for January 7, 1994.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 At the January 7, 1994 hearing, the court ordered the parties to check the records regarding community service.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 On January 11, 1994, Probation stated that the Defendant had failed to complete his community service hours, pay his fine, or to pay the Alcohol Treatment Program fee.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 As a result, the court held the defendant in contempt of court and added fifty (50) hours of community services to the terms and conditions of his probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Defendant was then ordered to complete all conditions by April 4, 1994, and when he failed to comply, the court extended probation three months.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [4]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab On July 11, 1994, the court ordered the defendant to complete the community service hours and to pay a fifty ($50) dollar fine by the next hearing date, July 26, 1994.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 A warrant for the Defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s arrest was issued on August 16, 1994 and, at that time, the Defendant had still failed to comply with the court}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s orders.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 On October 17, 1994, the court extended probation until April 17, 1995 and once again ordered the Defendant to comply with the terms and conditions of his probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 A Violation Report was filed on July 1, 1996 stating that the Defendant had failed to pay the Alcohol Treatment Program fee, his fine, or to complete his community service hours.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 A Petition for Revocation of Probation was filed on August 26, 1996 and a summons was issued.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 On May 12, 1997 the court scheduled an evidentiary hearing for January 5, 1998 to determine the issue of whether the court had jurisdiction over the matter.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Superior Court subsequently filed a Re quest for Certification of Questions of Law with the Supreme Court regarding the issues of the Superior Court}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s jurisdiction and related questions regarding probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 This court granted the request and certified the questions for review.}{\b\ul\insrsid10696983 \par }{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ISSUES}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [5]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab The court, in an order for Certification of Questions dated September 29, 1997, certified the}{ \insrsid10696983 following questions for review: \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 1.\tab Does the Superior Court retain jurisdiction to revoke the defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s probation under Title 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.66(a)(2) pursuant to a Violation Report and a Request for Revocation of Probation, when both the Violation Report and the Request for Revocation were filed after the termination of the period of the Defendant}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s probation, as extended? }{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 2.\tab If the Defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s sentence included a term of probation that is for a period of time that is equal to or less than the maximum period stated in 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.64(a), may the Superior Court extend probation to a point in time that would exceed that period, and if so, could it do so under the circumstances presented here?}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 3.\tab If the Defendant has defaulted in his payment of a fine that has been imposed as part of his sentence, what is the time limitation, if any, within which the Superior Court must require the Defendant to show cause why he should not be found in contempt of court pursuant to 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.56?}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 4.\tab May the Superior Court order the Defendant, if he is not found to have failed contumnaciously [sic] to pay his fine, to conform to an extended schedule of payments, beyond the maximum period of probation, either as part of a probationary status or apart from it?}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ANALYSIS}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [6]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab This court has jurisdiction over the matter pursuant to 7 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 4105 (1995) and Rule 20(a) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure for the Supreme Court of Guam.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Normal standards of review do not apply when addressing certifications of law; instead, the court addresses the matters in the context in which they arise and as if they were presented to the court in the first instance.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 State v. Anderson}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 697 A.2d 379, 382 (Del. 1997).}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 I.}{\b\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 As we have previously ruled in the case of }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 People v. Angoco}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 1998 Guam 10, the Superior Court lacks jurisdiction to revoke probation after the probationary period has ended.}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 II.}{\b\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [7]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab The parties are again in agreement that the statute disallows extension of probation beyond the maximum periods defined by statute.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The statute, 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.64(a) (1993), provides that the period of suspension or probation may not exceed five (5) years for a felony, two (2) years for a misdemeanor and petty misdemeanor, and (one) 1 year for a petty misdemeanor and violations.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Statutory language which further provided for extension of up to five (5) years contained within Guam Penal Code }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 1231 (1964) was deleted when these provisions were codified as part of the Guam Code Annotated.}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [8]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab Courts of other jurisdictions have also found that where a maximum period of probation is set by statute, extensions are not permitted.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Christian v. State}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 489 A.2d 64, 68 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1985).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Christian}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 court went through a lengthy analysis tracking the history of the statute which provided a similar legislative background to this jurisdiction}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s statutes.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Id.}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 at 66-7.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 In Maryland, the succeeding statute provides for a maximum period for probation, disallowing the imposition or extension of probation beyond that maximum period, where no such limitation previously existed.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Id.}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 at 66.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Similarly, previously in this jurisdic tion, not only was there no mention of a maximum period, but instead there was actually express language allowing for the extension of probation beyond the maximum period.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Like Maryland}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s statute, Guam}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s previous provision was superceded by a provision which set out the maximum period and provided no exceptions.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 This court is forced to comply, in this regard, with the express language of the statute.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [9]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has also addressed the issue of whether an extension of probation beyond the statutory maximum is proper.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 U.S. v. Rodriguez}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 682 F.2d 827 (9}{\super\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 th}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Cir. 1982).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The }{ \i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Rodriguez}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 court unequivocally stated that after the maximum statutory period has expired the court no longer has jurisdiction over a defendant.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Id.}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 at 830; }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 see also U.S. v. Albano}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 698 F.2d 144, 146 (2}{\super\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 nd}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Cir. 1983) (strictly adhering to the statutory language which provided that }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [t]he period of probation, together with any extension thereof, shall not exceed five years}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 ).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [10]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab Although the parties concede that the practice of extending the period is not proper, it is clear from the factual back grounds that such extensions are a recurring phenomena in this jurisdiction.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The alternative to extensions should be for a violation to be reported, a revocation hearing held, probation revoked and re-sentencing to occur, all to be executed in a timely fashion.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The Probation Department must file timely reports of violations and the trial courts need to conduct timely hearings in order to determine what the proper course of action may be.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Following the above legal conclusion, the court can not automatically extend probation merely to allow the defendant more time to }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 cure}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 his violations, for then the trial courts will be left with no recourse once the probationary term has expired.}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 III.}{\b\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [11]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab A fine or restitution can be imposed as the sole sentence or in addition to a sentence of probation or imprisonment.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.10(a)(5) (1993).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The method by which payment must be made is set forth in 9 GCA }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.52 (1993) and in the event of default or failure to pay}{\cs15\super\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\super\insrsid8002465 1}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 When an offender fails to pay a fine or make restitution, the response of the court shall be determined only after the fine has not been paid. 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid8002465 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt \f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 80.52(e).}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , contempt proceedings may follow pursuant to 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.56 (1993)which provides as follows:}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 (a)\tab When an offender sentenced to pay a fine or make restitution defaults in the payment thereof or of any installment, the court . . . may require him to show cause why his default should not be treated as contumacious and may issue a summons or a warrant of arrest for his appearance.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Unless the offender shows that his default was excusable, the court shall find that his default was contumacious and may order him committed until the fine or restitution or a specified part thereof is paid . . . .}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid10696983 \par }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.56(a).}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The statute does not present a time limitation on when a defendant may be brought before the court on a contempt proceeding.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The only time mentioned in the statute is that such proceedings may not begin until after the fine has not been paid.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 This can have several interpretations, including that contempt proceedings can commence once it appears that the defendant cannot or will not pay, after the maximum time or after default of an installment.}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 New Jersey cases have made the distinction that a defendant may be ordered to continue to make payments towards his fine beyond the probationary period if it is determined that the fine and the remedies for nonpayment thereof are unrelated to the defendant}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 State v. Joseph}{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 569 A.2d 819 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1990); }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 see also}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 State v. Zeliff}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 564 A.2d 1213 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1989) (holding that a restitution order was not tied to a sentence of probation and thus not governed by the limits on probation).}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [12]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab It is the Defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s contention that the fine was a condition of probation and thus limited by the statutory confines which govern probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Even the cases the People have cited would seem to espouse the same idea}{ \insrsid10696983 -}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 that if a fine or restitution is not separate from probation, such fine should be controlled by the applicable laws regarding probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Although the character of the fine in this case is not clear, this is not a determination which we may properly consider.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 The only question we can answer is whether and what time limitation exists as to the collection of fines and the holding of a defendant in contempt of court for an unpaid fine which is imposed as part of the terms and conditions of probation.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 We accept both the People}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s position and the Defendant}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 s po sition and adopt the rule that the imposition and collection of fines beyond the probationary period is not proper when the fine was initially part of the terms and conditions of probation.}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid10696983 IV.}{\b\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [13]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab The People argue that the court-ordered fine is separate from probation and therefore, it is not improper to extend the payment plan beyond the maximum probationary period.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 If the default is not contumacious, the court can grant additional time for the defendant to pay.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 9 GCA }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 80.56(b).}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Restitution payments need not be coextensive with the probationary period.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\i\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 State v. Blassingale}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 , 394 A.2d 362, 365 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1978).}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [14]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab The Defendant, however, makes the argument that the fine was part of the terms and conditions of probation and is thus controlled by the statutory limit on probation.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Conditions of probation can only be performed within probation.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Since it has been determined that the court can o nly extend the terms and conditions of probation to a period of time within the statutory period, then it would follow that the payment schedule could not be extended after the same statutory period.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 Once again the question becomes whether the fines involved were part of the terms and conditions of probation.}{\cs15\super\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\super\insrsid8002465 2}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 If payment of a fine was made a condition of probation, the court can move to revoke probation. 9 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid8002465 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid8002465 80.66(a) (1993).}}}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 This is a question which we need not address specifically to the facts of this case at this time due to the nature of the issues presented before us.}{\insrsid10696983 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid10696983 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid10696983\charrsid10696983 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\b\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 [15]}{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 \tab Therefore, the court answers the certified questions in the following manner:}{\insrsid1061367 }{ \insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 (1)}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 As to the question of whether the Superior Court retains jurisdiction to revoke probation after the probationary period has expired, we answer in the negative.}{ \insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 (2) We also answer in the negative the question of whether the Superior Court may extend probation beyond the statutory maximum.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 (3) The third question of what time limitation exists is answered by finding that if a fine is imposed as part of probation, then contempt proceedings must be initiated during the probationary period or within a reasonable time thereafter as it cannot be determined whether there has been a failure to pay until the defendant has had a full opportunity to do so.}{\insrsid1061367 }{\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 (4) Lastly, the Court once again answers the fourth question in the negative, assuming that no determination was made that the defendant has contumaciously failed to make payment and the fine was part of the terms and conditions of probation.}{ \insrsid1061367 \par \par }\pard \qc \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid10696983 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 BENJAMIN J.F. CRUZ, Associate Justice\tab \tab JANET HEALY WEEKS, Associate Justice}{\insrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid1061367 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1061367 {\insrsid8002465\charrsid1061367 PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice \par }}