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\fs20\insrsid7039067 1998 Guam 9, Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid7039067 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6442261 6}}}{\fs20\insrsid7039067  of 9
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid5708002 
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\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 Supreme Court Case No. }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 CVA97-035
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\b\insrsid5708002  }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 OPINION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Filed: July 2, 1998
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 Cite as: 1998 Guam 9
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted on 5 May 1998
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid5708002 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\ul\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par Daniel R. Del Priore, Esq.
\par Suite 507, GCIC Building
\par 414 West Soledad Avenue
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910}{\insrsid5708002 
\par 
\par }{\ul\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant:
\par }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 William C. Bischoff, Esq.
\par 134 Chalan Santo Papa, Ste. 202
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice; JANET HEALY WEEKS, Associate Justice; and JOSE I. LEON GUERRERO, Associate Justice.}{\insrsid5708002 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 WEEKS, J.:
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid6442261 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [1]\tab }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Appellant Edward Sa Yong Hong}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 (Hong) timely appeals the trial court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s factual findings that Hong owed $80,000 in loans plus interest and costs to Appellee Danny Jae H. Yang (Yang).}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong also appeals the order denying his motion for a new trial, based upon newly discovered evidence at trial.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
This court finds that the trial court was not clearly erroneous in its factual findings in favor of Yang, nor did it abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a new trial.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
We therefore affirm the decision below.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
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Plaintiff-Appellee Yang sued Defendant-Appellant Hong over three insufficient funds checks, payable to cash, amounting to $80,000.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Yang contends that the checks were written as evidence of loans that his mother had made to Hong.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The first check for $30,000 dated 3 January 1992 with the word }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 loan}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  written on the memo line is not in dispute, admitted by Hong to be evidence of a loan made from Yang, but Hong asserts that $29,000 of the $30,000 loan was paid back.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The next two checks dated 13 October 1992, for $30,000 and $20,000 respectively, were disputed by the parties.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Yang contends that they were evidence of a loan of $50,000 (combined ) made to Hong; Hong contends that the checks evidence Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s guarantee to Yang for Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
s contributions to a failing Korean money club, and that no loan of $50,000 was made from Yang to Hong.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The memo line on both these checks is without notation.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 At trial, there was evidence of}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 $30,000 of Citibank loan proceeds that were used as part of Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s loan money to the Hongs around the time of the first $30,000 loan }{\insrsid6442261 in January 1992.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [3]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab 
A bench trial was held on 24 January 1997, after which time the trial court entered judgment for Plaintiff Yang in the sum of $80,000 for payment on the three (3) dishonored checks, plus pre- and post-judgment interest, and costs of suit.}{
\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong thereafter sought further records concerning the Citibank proceeds claimed to have been used in the loan.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The records showed that the Citibank loan proceeds were disbursed to Yang on 15 October 1992 and remained in Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s Union Bank account throughout November 1992.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 They therefore were not used in the loans between Yang and Hong.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Hong brought a motion for a new trial based on Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s testimony at trial of the C
itibank loan proceeds. The motion for a new trial was denied by the trial court on 2 July 1997.
\par }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 II.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [4]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 7 GCA }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  3107(a), 3108(a), 25201 (1994) and 48 U.S.C. }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  1424-3(d) (1984).}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Findings of fact, whether based on oral or documentary evidence, shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Guam R. Civ. P. 52(a);}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Coffey v. Govt. of Guam, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 1997 Guam 14 }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  6.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Factual determinations are reviewed for clear error.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Guam v. Chargualaf, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Crim. No. 88-00068A, 1989 WL 265040, at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. Sept. 26, 1989)}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 .}{\i\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Findings of fact made by a judge after a bench trial are subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Wilson v. United States, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 645 F.2d 728, 730 (9}{
\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 th}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Cir. 1985); }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Lei v. Global Eng}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 g & Maintenance Svc. Corp., }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Civ. No. CV 96-00007A, 1996 WL 875782, at *4 (D. Guam App. Div. Oct. 4, 1996).}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
A decision on a motion for a new trial is reviewed on appeal for an abuse of discretion by the trial judge.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Browning-Ferris Indus. of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc., }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 492 U.S. 257, 278, 109 S.Ct. 2909, 2921 (1989);}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Phillips v. Ceribo, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Civ. No. 83-0053A, 1984 WL 48862, at *1 (D. Guam App. Div. April 1, 1984).
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 III.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [5]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab Hong asserts that the trial court abused its discretion in its factual findings in favor of}{
\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Yang.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s reliance on this standard is somewhat misguided.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 While it is true that a trial judge}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s reliance on clearly erroneous facts amounts to an abuse of discretion, }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Kayes v. Pacific Lumber Co.,}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  51 F.3d 1449, 1464 (9}{\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 th}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Cir. 1995), the fundamental issue is whether the facts were erroneously determined.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong bases his position upon the fact that Yang and his father are taxi drivers, and would not have had the money to lend to Hong, as evidenced by copies of previous years}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  income tax returns .}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 He contends that the trial court}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s judgment }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 tends to defy logic and common sense}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 , }
{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Lampley v. Government of Guam, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 882 F.Supp. 957, 959 (D. Guam App. Div. 1995), and amounted to an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Testimony was elicited at trial concerning a Korean money club, or }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 gwae tong}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 , to which Yang had contributed substantial amounts.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Mrs. Hong was the organizer of the club.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Hong contends that the two checks dated 13 October 1992 in the amounts of $30,000 and $20,000, for a total amount of $50,000, were written by Hong to Yang as a guarantee of Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s contribution to the money club rather than as evidence of a loan.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Several witnesses presented evidence of the gwae tong and of their contributions into the Korean money club.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Witness Yong Hui An st
ated that she witnessed Mrs. Hong give Mrs. Yang $20,000, allegedly for partial repayment of the first $30,000 loan.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 This first $30,000 loan is not in dispute by the parties.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 At trial, Mrs. Hong stated that on another occasion she had written a member of a
nother gwae tong two (2) checks similar to what she had done with the Yangs on 13 October 1992, as a guarantee of their contributions to the money club, and not as personal loans, where she had written }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Gwae}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s guaranteed money}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  on the memo line.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong claims that because the money club was about to fail due to some members not paying their share into the club, the 13 October 1992 checks written to Yang were simply guarantees of Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s contribution.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
This was done only because of the repeated request of Mrs. Yang, and no loan of $50,}{\insrsid6442261 000 was made from Yang to Hong.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [6]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab Appellee Yang contends that the trial court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s findings are amply supported by evidence in the record, testimonial and documentary, presented at trial.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 If the [trial] court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety, the [reviewing court] may not reverse it even though convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have weighed the evidence differently.}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Service Employees Int}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 l Union, AFL-CIO, CLC v. Fair Political Practices Comm}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 n,}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  955 F.2d 1312, 1317 n.7 (9}{\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 th}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Cir. 1992) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid5708002  }
{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Yang points out that the trial court actively participated in the proceedings, asking questions of the witnesses, assessing their demeanor and credibility, as well as questioning both counsel throughout trial.}{
\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Appellee states that Yang had the financial ability to lend $80,000 to Hong based upon evidence of prior years}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  savings from Danny Yang and his father, earnings from their taxi driving jobs.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Danny Yang stated that he had over $70,000 saved.}{
\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Mrs. Yang held all the monies from her husband and her son Danny, as it is Korean custom to give all earnings to the mother, who is the custodian of the family income.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Yang also had available $30,000 in Citibank loan proceeds left over from a loan to purchase a house.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Plaintiff-Appellee maintains that the trial court correctly determined that although it was difficult to believe that the Yangs could have that much money available to them, given that Hong conceded
 that Yang loaned the first $30,000 to him and that the 3 January 1992 check was evidence of}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
the loan, the credible evidence showed that Yang made a loan to Hong for an additional $50,000, and that there was no sufficient evidence of repayment.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [7]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab This court is persuaded by the argument of Plaintiff-Appellee Yang.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 We cannot characterize the trial court}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s findings such that it }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 tends to defy logic and common sense.}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Lampley, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 882 F.Supp. at 959.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 As stated by the court in }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Chargualaf}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 :}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid6442261 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 A finding is clearly erroneous when, even 
though some evidence supports it, the entire record produces the definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a mistake.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The appellate court accords particular weight to the trial judge}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s assessment of conflicting or ambiguous evidence.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The applicable standard of appellate review is narrow; the test is whether the lower court rationally could have found as it did, rather than whether the reviewing court would have ruled differently.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par  Civ. No. 88-00068A , 1989 WL 265040 at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. Sept. 26, 1989).}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 In reviewing the record before us, even if we were to have }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 weighed the evidence differently}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 , if the trial court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 , this court may not reverse.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Service Employees Int}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 l Union, AFL-CIO, CLC, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 955 F.2d at 1317.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The trial court found the Yangs to be the credible witnesses.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The fact finder had the opportunity to observe the demean
or and credibility of the witnesses, evaluate and weigh the documentary evidence, and make its decision.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 We find no clear error in the trial court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s judgment in favor of Plaintiff Yang.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [8]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab Hong further claims th
at the trial court abused its discretion in denying him a new trial based on the surprise testimony of the Citibank proceeds at trial, stating that this testimony was new and came as a surprise to him.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
He asserts that only after the trial could he verify the truth or falsity of the testimony, after which time, based upon the Citibank records, he claims that Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s testimony was perjurious and that the court should have granted him an evidentiary hearing.}{\cs15\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7039067 \chftn }{\i\fs20\insrsid7039067 See Phillips v. Crown Cent. Petroleum Corp., }{\fs20\insrsid7039067 
556 F.2d 702 (4}{\fs20\super\insrsid7039067 th}{\fs20\insrsid7039067  Cir. 1977); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7039067 Tas Int}{\i\fs20\insrsid7039067 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\i\fs20\insrsid7039067 
l Travel Serv., Inc. v. Pan Am.World Airways, Inc., }{\fs20\insrsid7039067 96 F.R.D. 205 (S.D.N.Y. 1982); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7039067 Western Reserve Oil and Gas Co. v. Key Oil, Inc.}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 , 626 F.Supp. 948 (S.D.W.Va. 1986).}}}{
\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [9]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab Yang contends that Hong was aware of the Citibank proceeds at a pre-trial deposition of Danny Yang taken on 14 July 1993, and it was therefore not a }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 surprise}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  to Hong at trial.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 However, the court in}{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Moylan v. Siciliano, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
292 F.2d 704, 705 (9}{\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 th}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Cir. 1961) stated,}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [I]f this record could be said to show reasonably genuine surprise on the part of appellants the remedy would have been to ask for a continuance to allow appellants to }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 gather their wits}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  and prepare for the presentation of rebuttal testimony.}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Since Hong did not ask for a continuance to address the testimony of the Citibank proceeds, Yang states that Hong should not be allowed relief as a victim of surprise under Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1).}{
\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [10]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab We find Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
s claims of surprise and newly discovered evidence in his motion for a new trial to be without merit.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Rule 60(b) states in relevant part:}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Rule 60.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Relief from Judgments or Order.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 (b) Mistakes, Inadvertence, Excusable Neglect, Newly Discovered Evidence, Fraud, etc.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or the party}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
s legal representative from a final judg
ment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3) frau
d (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party . . . . 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par GRCP 60(b).}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong cannot claim surprise or newly discovered evidence because the record shows that he was aware of the Citibank loan at Danny Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s pretrial dep}{\insrsid6442261 osition on 14 July 1993, even }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 though the}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 loan proceeds were not tied into the Hong loan at that time.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 However, it became clear at trial that these partial loan proceeds were avail
able to the Yangs, during which time Hong could have obtained further information, before a final judgment was rendered.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Even if we were to adopt Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s position and treat this as newly discovered evidence, it wa
s discovered during trial, which would have been the appropriate time to bring it to the attention of the court and seek a continuance for further discovery, before judgment was rendered.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) reads:}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Rule 9.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Pleadings in Special Matters.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid6442261\charrsid6442261 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 (b) Fraud, Mistake, Condition of the Mind.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
In all averments of fraud or mistake, the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake shall be stated with particularity.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Malice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of mind of a person may be averr
ed generally.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par GRCP 9(b).
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [11]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab Hong in his motion for a new trial states, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 A fraud has been practiced upon the court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 .}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 While the circumstances are set forth, only the general averment of fraud as stated above is given.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 In his opening and reply briefs, the word }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 fraud}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  is not mentioned, focusing instead on the word }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 perjury}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 .}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Whether the fraudulent circumstances are stated with particularity is an issue that we do not reach, for the trial court found that Hong had the opportunity before conclusion
 of the trial to subpoena documents and to rebut any evidence of the alleged fraudulent circumstances.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [12]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab As to the alleged perjury of Yang, Yang brings forth testimony that the Yangs never categorically stated that the Citibank loan proceeds were recei
ved at the same time Mrs. Yang gave the first cash loan of $30,000 to Mrs. Hong.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 At trial, in response to Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s questions about when the loan proceeds were received, Mrs. Yang first states, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 I can}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 t remember.}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Further questioning along the same line begets : Q.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
You were pretty sure a few minutes ago [referring to receipt of the Citibank proceeds in Jan. 1992, when Mrs. Yang gave $30,000 to Mrs. Hong], why . . . why are you so unsure now?}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 A.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 I answered because you said }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 around that time}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 .}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Reporter}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s Transcript of Proceedings on Appeal at 114, Jan. 24, 1997.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Additional testimony adduced was that the Yangs never kept any receipts, thereby adding credibility to the discrepancy in the timing of receipt of the Citibank proceeds and its use in the Hong loans.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Yang deems that this mistake in testimony of the dates could never be characterized as perjury, but rather }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 harmless error}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
, and that the appellate consideration is whether a different decision would be reached based upon Defendant Hong}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s contention.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Moylan, }{\insrsid6442261 292 F.2d at 705.}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Guam Rule of Civil Procedure}{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 61}{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 reads:}{\insrsid7039067 
\par }{\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Rule 61.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Harmless Error.}{\b\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
No error in either the admission or the exclusion of evidence, and no error or defect in any ruling or order or in anything done or omitted by 
the court or by any of the parties is ground for granting a new trial or for setting aside a verdict or order, unless the refusal to take such action appears to the court inconsistent with substantial justice.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The court at every stage of the proceeding must disregard any error or defect in the proceeding which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
\par GRCP 61.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Hong claims that the Yangs lied about when they received the partial Citibank loan proceeds and the use of these proceeds in the Hong loan.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The trial court found sufficient evidence in the record to make a determination that Yang had made specific loans to Hong, regardless of the when the Citibank proceeds were received and how they were used.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 As the trial court stated, }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
Where she [Yang] gets her money is not the issue in the case . . . .}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 You prove that she did or didn}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 t give money.}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002  Reporter}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s Transcript of Proceedings on Appeal at 22, Jan. 24, 1997.}{\insrsid5708002  }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 The timing of when the proceeds were received and how they were used was not a determining factor in the trial}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s court factual findings.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
A consideration in passing on a motion for new trial is whether the grounds offered suggest a substantial chance of reaching a different result in a new trial.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\i\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Moylan, }{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 292 F.2d at 705.}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 In the instant case, Yang}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s error in the time of receipt of the proceeds and their use in the Hong loan would not have made a difference in the trial court}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s decision, thus not affecting the substantial rights of the parties.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid6442261 IV.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid6442261\charrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\b\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 [13]}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \tab 
Based on the foregoing analysis, we find that the trial court did not clearly err in its factual findings in favor of Plaintiff-Appellee Yang, nor did it abuse its discretion in denying Appellant}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 s motion for new trial.}{\cs15\super\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid7039067 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7039067 The court notes with dismay the language used by Defendant-Appellant Hong}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 s counsel in suggesting the trial court}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 
s reasons for certain of its actions during the trial.  First, as counsel are often reminded during trial, one cannot know what is in another}{\fs20\insrsid7039067 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{
\fs20\insrsid7039067 s mind; second, the words used were both sarcastic and disrespectful.  Such are not appropriate in pleadings before the highest court of Guam.}}}{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 
The order of the trial court is AFFIRMED.}{\insrsid5708002 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 JANET HEALY WEEKS,\tab \tab \tab \tab JOSE I. LEON GUERRERO,
\par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid5708002  }{\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 Associate Justice}{\insrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6442261 {\insrsid5708002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5708002 {\insrsid7039067\charrsid5708002 PETER C. SIGUENZA,
\par Chief Justice}{\insrsid5708002 
\par }}