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People v. Henry Taitague Quintanilla}{\fs20\insrsid2434162 , 1998 Guam 17, Opinion}{\insrsid2434162 \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid2434162 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15678793 1}}}{\insrsid2434162  of 7
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\insrsid5970530 
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\par }\pard \qj \fi-5760\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab \tab \tab \tab )\tab Supreme Court Case No. }{
\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 CRA97-016}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 )\tab Superior Court Case No.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 CF0113-95}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 

\par }\pard \qj \li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Plaintiff-Appellee,\tab )
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\par }\pard \qj \fi-5760\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 HENRY TAITAGUE QUINTANILLA,}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab \tab )
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\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Filed}{\insrsid15678793 :}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  September 9, 1998
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Cite as: }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 1998 Guam 17
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted on May 8, 1998
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\ul\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
\par Gerad Egan 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General, Prosecution Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building
\par 120 West O}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Brien Drive
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\par 
\par }{\ul\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellant:}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
\par Seth Forman
\par Law Office of Keogh & Forman
\par 251 Martyr Street
\par P.O. Box GZ
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a}{\insrsid5970530 , Guam 96932}{\insrsid2434162 
\par }{\insrsid5970530\charrsid5970530 
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JANET HEALY WEEKS, Chief Justice (Acting)}{\cs15\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs15\super\insrsid2434162 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2434162 Chief Justice Siguenza was disqualified from hearing this matter.  Associate Justice Healy Weeks presided as the Acting Chief Justice. }}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ; BENJAMIN J. F. CR
UZ and JOAQUIN C. ARRIOLA, Sr.}{\cs15\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2434162 
\chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2434162 Part-time Associate Justice.}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , Associate Justices.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
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\par }{\insrsid5970530\charrsid5970530 
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The Appellant, Henry Taitague Quintanilla (hereinafter }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ), appeals his conviction for possession of a controlled substance and promotion of prison contraband.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Although he raises several grounds on appeal, of significance is the issue that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at the trial court level.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Quintanilla contends that defense counsel failed to set forth the theory that his cell mate, who had previously plead guilty to possession of the controlled substances was in fact responsible for the drugs in their cell, thereby calling into question Quin
tanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s own guilt. }{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [2]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab The court finds that defense}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s counsel performance constituted ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Accordingly, the matter is REVERSED and REMANDED.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\insrsid5970530 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [3]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab 
This case arises out of the discovery of drug laden paraphernalia within a shared cell at the Department of Corrections (DOC).}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Cell nine, occupied by Quintanilla and John Junior Pangelinan (hereinafter }
{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Pangelinan}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ), was one of the many cells authorized to be searched pursuant to a warrant sworn before a Superior Court judge on March 7, 1995.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The search uncovered numerous items, many of which are prohibited within the confines of the prison.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The items consisted of currency in Pangelinan}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s utility box, Kentucky Fried Chicken wrappers, a Krazy Glue container with a plastic straw, a box of Carnation Cocoa mix and two single serving cereal boxes filled with plastic sheets, an open box of Q-tips with a one-inch plastic straw
 sealed at one end, three unopened capsules containing foil packaging materials, a cigarette pack containing two (2) plastic syringes, cigarette wrapping papers, metal tweezers, and a straw sealed on one side.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Trace amounts of methamphetamine were found on the sealed straw, located in the trash can as well as the Krazy Glue container.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [4]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab Pursuant to the aforementioned search, Quintanilla, Pangelinan and five (5) other defendants were indicted on March 16, 1995 for various possession and conspiracy charges.}{
\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Subsequently, on March 27, 1995, a superceding indictment was filed charging the same seven (7) defendants.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Quintanilla was charged with possession of methamphetamine, as a controlled substance, as a third (3}{\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 rd}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ) degree felony and promoting prison contraband as a second (2}{
\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 nd}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ) degree felony.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Pangelinan was charged with possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine, promotion of}{\insrsid5970530 
 }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 prison contraband, possession of a controlled substance, and possession of a controlled substance while confined in a detention facility.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
On July 17, 1995, Quintanilla made a motion to dismiss the possession charge as a lesser included offense of the contraband charges.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The trial court denied the motion.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [5]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab On February 22, 1996, Pangelinan plead guilty to promotion of prison contraband as a second (2}{\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 nd}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
) degree felony and thereby admitted to intentionally possessing methamphetamine while confined in the detention facility.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Pangelinan}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s plea agreement was a matter of record in the file, but was never admitted as evidence in the trial.}{\insrsid5970530  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [6]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab Quintanilla, maintaining his innocence, we}{\insrsid5970530 nt to trial on August 6, 1996. }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Officer Jose Palacios had searched cell nine and testified that he believed the Krazy Glue container was found on Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s bunk.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 However, in the chain of custody report, prepared shortly after the search, the Krazy Glue container was described by Officer Palacios as being found on Pangelinan
}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s bunk.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Evidence of Pangelinan}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilty plea was never introduced at trial.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
During closing arguments, defense counsel stated that the drugs could have been attributable to Pangelinan and not Quintanilla.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Quintanilla was found guilty on both the possession and the prison contraband charges and was sentenced to serve ten years consecutively with his prior felony conviction.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The judgment was entered on the docket on August 12, 1997 and a timely appeal was filed on August 20, 1997.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 ANALYSIS}{\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [7]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab 
This court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 48 U.S.C. }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  1424-3(d) (1984) and 7 GCA }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 3107(b) (1994).}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Although numerous issues were raised by Quintanilla on appeal, this court}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s opinion focuses on one specific issue}{\insrsid5970530 -}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  whether Quintanilla received ineffective assistance of counsel at the trial court level.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The court analyzes the issue as follows.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 I.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [8]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab 
Whether a defendant has received ineffective assistance of counsel is a question of law.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland v. Washington}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984).}{
\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 This court reviews questions of law }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 de novo}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 .}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Camacho v. Camacho}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , 1997 Guam 5, }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  24.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s claim of inef
fective assistance of counsel is predicated on defense counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s failure to pursue the possibility that the controlled substance found within his cell did not belong to Quintanilla, but was instead the property of his cell mate, Pangelinan.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Quintanilla contends that the pursuit of this theory would call his culpability into question and raise doubt as to his responsibility for the possession of the items in question.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 In }{
\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , the United States Supreme Cour
t explored the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel and established a bifurcated test to determine whether counsel has performed inadequately.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S.Ct. at 2064.}{\insrsid5970530  
}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 First it must be demonstrated that (1) trial counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s performance was deficient, and (2) that this deficient performance prejudiced his defense.}{\i\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [9]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab Addressing the first prong of the }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  test, Quintanilla contends that defense counsel}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s performance in preparing a proper defense for trial was deficient.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 In establishing whether the first prong is satisfied, an appellant must demonstrate that }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 687, 104 S.Ct. at 2064.}{\insrsid5970530  
}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Although practice norms, for example the American Bar Association standards, provide a guide for determining what conduct of counsel is considered reasonable in providing a defendant with an effective criminal defense, no specific rules exist to go
vern counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s conduct.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 688, 104 S.Ct. at 2065.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
In fact no set of rules could be exhaustive in accounting for the wide range of circumstances and legitimate decisions defense counsel has available in representing a criminal defendant.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{
\i\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Thus, a court deciding an actual ineffectiveness claim must judge the reasonableness of counsel's challenged conduct on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel's conduct. A convicted defendant
 making a claim of ineffective assistance must identify the acts or omissions of counsel that are alleged not to have been the result of reasonable professional judgment. The court must then determine whether, in light of all the circumstances, the identi
f
ied acts or omissions were outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance. In making that determination, the court should keep in mind that counsel's function, as elaborated in prevailing professional norms, is to make the adversarial testi
ng process work in the particular case. At the same time, the court should recognize that counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.}{
\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 690, 104 S.Ct. at 2066.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid5970530 
\par }{\insrsid5970530\charrsid5970530 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [10]}{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The existence of such rules would also act to hinder counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s independence and latitude of discretion in making appropriate strategic and tactical decisions.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{
\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Therefore, a court must give deference to defense counsel and remain mind}{\insrsid5970530 ful of several considerations.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [11]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab In the case of }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Washington v. Murray}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , 952 F.2d 1472 (9}{\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 th}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  Cir. 1991), the court found deficient performance of counsel through defense counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s failure to introduce directly exculpatory evidence at trial.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The court held that }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 counsel inexplicably had failed to recognize the significance of, hence to proffer in Washington}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s defense, facially exculpatory scientific evidence.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 1477.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Washington}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
 court concluded that the record did not reflect the existence of any tactical considerations justifying defense counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s failure to proffer or explore the significance of the forensic evidence as exculpatory in nature.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [12]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab A distinction has been made in cases involving tactical decisions by defense attorneys.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 In }{
\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 U.S. v. Chambers}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , 918 F.2d 1455, 1461 (9}{\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 th}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  Cir. 1990), the court determined that }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [t]rial counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s conduct was not deficient merely because he chose to pursue a different line of defense than appellate counsel would have pursued.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The Ninth Circuit has taken the position that it will not }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 second-guess counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s strategic decision to present or to forego a particular theory of defense when such decision was reasonable under the circumstances.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 In }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Chambers}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
, the court found that it was reasonable for a competent trial counsel to determine that foregoing the defense that the defendant was not in possession of cocaine to pursue an alternative defense theory was in the defendant}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s best interest.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid5970530  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [13]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab In the case at bar, defense counsel never pursued the one theory that would account for the existence of the drugs in Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s cell while maintaining the innocence of his client.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Although it was not mentioned during the evidentiary phase of the proceedings, Pangelinan had plead guilty to the possession charges, thereby admitting that the drug laden items in the cell were his.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The evidence in the instant case may not have been directly exculpatory; however, the introduction of the cell mate}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilty plea, at a minimum, could create inferences that call Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilt into question.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 If the defense maintains that the drugs were not in Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s possession, then through the process of elimination, the other occupant of the cell stands as a highly culpable party.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s failure to pursue the notion that the drugs could have belonged to the cell mate, and not to Quintanilla, coupled with the failure to admit the plea agreement at trial, calls into question the fundamental fairness of the proceeding.}{\insrsid5970530 

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [14]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab Additionally, defense counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s performance at the trial court level did not evidence a decision to pursue a different line of defense, but rather a decision to forego presentation of the one defense that would account for the defendant}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s innocence as he proclaims it.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Counsel}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s error cannot be deemed trial strategy due to the fact that he proceeded to allude to the cell-mate defense in closing arguments even after failing to present any supporting evidence during the evidentiary phase of the trial.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The tardy raising of the defense accentuates the fact that defense counsel was fully aware of the defense, yet neglected to raise it at a time when the jury could properly deliberate upon it.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 In }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 , the court noted that }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [f]rom counsel}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s function as assistant to the defendant derive the overarching duty to advocate the defendant}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s cause . . . .}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. at 2065.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 We conclude counsel did not adequately advocate the defendant}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s cause in this case, in failing to raise a defense which would offer the jury evidence that it was not Quintanilla who was in possession of the controlled substance in}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 cell nine.}{\insrsid5970530  }{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 This falls short of reasonable advocacy of Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s cause and constitutes deficiency that satisfies the first prong of the }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  test. }{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [15]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab The second prong of the }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Strickland}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
 test requires a showing that the deficient performance by counsel had a prejudicial effect on the outcome of the case.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 This requires showing that counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 687, 104 S.Ct. at 2064.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice by showing that }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 694, 104 S.Ct. at 2068.}{\insrsid5970530  
}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The Court has further asserted that in regards to criminal cases the standard applies as follows:}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [w]hen a de
fendant challenges a conviction, the question is whether there is a reasonable probability that, absent the errors, the factfinder [sic] would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\i\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Id.}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530  at 695, 104 S.Ct. at 2068-69.}{\insrsid5970530  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [16]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab The question remains then whether the cell-mate theory being presented would have raised reasonable doubt with respect to Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilt.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
An appellant must affirmatively prove actual prejudice in order to support a claim of ineffective assistance.}{\cs15\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2434162 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2434162 Only when an actively represented conflicting interest adversely affecting defense counsel}{\fs20\insrsid2434162 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2434162 s performance exists will the court presume prejudice to the defendant.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid2434162 Cuyler v. Sullivan}{\fs20\insrsid2434162 , 446 U.S. 335, 345\_
350, 100 S.Ct., 1708, 1716\_1719. (1980). }}}{\insrsid5970530  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [17]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab In this case, although the jury was provided with notice of Pangelinan}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilty plea, the jury was not permitted to properly consider it in its deliberation of the charges against Quintanilla.}{\cs15\super\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid2434162 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid2434162 In accordance with the jury instruction }{\fs20\insrsid2434162 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2434162 [w]hat the lawyers have said in their opening statements and their closing arguments and their objections or questions is not evidence,}{
\fs20\insrsid2434162 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid2434162  the jury was not permitted to consider as evidence statements made by defense counsel dur
ing closing arguments.  Therefore, in order for the defense to have any bearing on the proceedings, it must be raised and explored during the evidentiary phase of the trial.}}}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Because the theory of defense of Pangelinan}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilt versus Quintanilla}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s was not presented during the trial, but instead was raised, seemingly as an afterthought, at a time when such could not be considered as evidence, it is as if the defense was never raised at all.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
Pangelinan and Quintanilla were cell mates.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 The controlled substances in question were found in their cell to which each had equal access.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 Pangelinan}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilty plea was entered well before Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s trial. The court concludes from these facts that not only was it unreasonable for defense counsel to have failed to present evidence as to Pangelinan}{
\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 s guilt at trial, but additionally that such failure prejudiced Quintanilla.}{\insrsid5970530  
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [18]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab The failure to present evidence that Quintanilla was not the only person possibly accountable for drugs in cell nine created a reasonable possibility that the 
jury would have had a reasonable doubt as to Quintanilla}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
s guilt, thereby undermining the confidence in the outcome of the proceedings.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\b\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 [19]}{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 \tab 
Based on the foregoing, the court finds that Quintanilla received ineffective assistance of counsel at the trial court level.}{\insrsid5970530  }{\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 
The case is REVERSED and REMANDED to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.}{\insrsid5970530 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ,\tab \tab \tab \tab 
JOAQUIN C. ARRIOLA, SR.,
\par Associate Justice\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Associate Justice}{\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid5970530 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5970530 {\insrsid2434162\charrsid5970530 JANET HEALY WEEKS,
\par Chief Justice (Acting)
\par }}