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One (1) Remington .12-Gauge Shotgun, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tx9360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid11998388 Mod. 1187, Ser. No. PC230904, 1998 Guam 16, Opinion\tab Page}{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid11998388 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10030423 5}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 of 7 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid11998388 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid11998388 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \fi-4320\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab )\tab Supreme Court Case No. }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 CVA97-004}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 GOVERNMENT OF GUAM,\tab }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab )\tab Superior Court Case No. }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 CV1220-95}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \fi4320\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-2880\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Plaintiff-Appellant,\tab }{\insrsid10030423 \tab }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi4320\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-2880\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 vs.}{\insrsid10030423\charrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab \tab \tab }{ \insrsid10030423\charrsid10030423 \tab }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi4320\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-4320\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ONE (1) REMINGTON 12-GAUGE }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-6480\li6480\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 SHOTGUN, MOD. 1187, SER. NO}{\b\insrsid10030423 \tab }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 )\tab \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 OPINION}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 PC230904; ONE (1) WHITE NATIONAL}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-4320\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 HEADLAMP AND BATTERY;}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab \tab ) \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 SHOTGUN AMMUNITION; ONE (1)}{\insrsid10030423 \tab )}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 BUCK KNIFE WITH SHEATH; ONE (1)}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-4320\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 WATER CANTEEN AND CASE; AND}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab ) \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ONE (1) DEER CALL,}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab \tab \tab ) \par }\pard \ql \fi4320\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \fi-2880\li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Defendants-Appellees.}{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ____________________________________)}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Filed September 4, 1998 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Cite as: }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 1998 Guam 16}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and Submitted February 20, 1998 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\ul\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellant}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par Monty R. May \par Assistant Attorney General \par Office of the Attorney General \par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building \par 120 West O}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Brien Drive \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910 \par }{\v\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par }{\ul\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Appearing for Defendants-Appellees}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par Jesse Anthony Blas#107 Ifil Court \par Liguan Terrace \par Dededo, Guam 96912 \par \par BEFORE: PETER C SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Associate Justices.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 CRUZ, J.: \par }{\insrsid10030423\charrsid10030423 \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [1]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab This matter c omes before the Court on appeal from the Superior Court based on a denied petition for forfeiture of items seized in connection with the illegal hunting of wild game.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Plaintiff-Appellant questions the trial court}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 s interpretation and application of the fish and game}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 and forfeiture statutes.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Upon review of the applicable laws, this Court REVERSES the trial court}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid10030423 s decision.}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [2]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab On or about the evening of April 4, 1995, Conservation Officers Rodney Perez and Mark Aguon were in the vicinity of the Ugam River Dam investigating shotgun blasts that had been heard in the area.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The officers observed spotlighting activity in the jungle and discovered Jesse Anthony Blas who was in possession of a deer call, a shotgun with ammunition, an operational headlamp on his head, and a knife, which was found as a result of a pat-down search.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Officers advised Blas of his Miranda rights.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Blas told the Officers that he was in the jungle searching for herbal medicine.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [3]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The Government filed a petition for Order of Forfeiture on August 11, 1995.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Pursuant to 5 GCA }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63128 (1994), the petition called fo r the forfeiture of (1) a Remington .12-gauge shotgun, Mod. 1187, Ser. No. PC230904; (2) a white National headlamp; (3) shotgun ammunition; (4) a buck knife with sheath; (5) a water canteen and case; and (6) a deer call.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 On November 29, 1995, Blas appeared }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 pro se}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 and entered a denial to the petition.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 A bench trial was held on March 11, 1996.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The trial court reserved decision on the matter and finally issued a brief three-page written Decision and Order on January 2, 1997.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The court}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 s decision denied forfeiture of all items seized.}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Government filed a notice of appeal on January 31, 1997.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ANALYSIS}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [4]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The Government raises the following issues on appeal: (1) whet her the trial court erred in denying forfeiture of the defendant headlamp after making a finding that it was used in violation of 5 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63125; (2) whether the trial court erred in denying forfeiture of the defendant shotgun pursuant to 5 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63128 after making a finding that such was used in conjunction with a headlamp in violation of Section 63125; (3) whether the trial court erred in its interpretation of the term }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ; and (4) whether the trial court erred in its interpretation and application of the term }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 paraphernalia.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [5]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The Court has jurisdiction to hear this matter pursuant to 48 U.S.C. }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 1424-3(d) and 7 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 3107}{ \cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 After oral arguments had alrea dy been conducted, the court discovered that no final judgment had been entered by the court below. This court issued a limited remand for the purpose of providing the Superior Court jurisdiction to enter a judgment in this case. Given that the parties have had the opportunity to brief the issues on appeal, that oral arguments have been completed, and that the court below has now entered a final judgment in the case, the court finds that it has jurisdiction over the case.}}}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 .}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Questions of statutory interpretation are reviewed }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 de novo.}{\i\insrsid10030423 }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 People v. Quichocho, }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 1997 Guam 13, }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 3.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s16 \b\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\jclisttab\tx720{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls1\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10030423 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Forfeiture of the Headlamp}{\b\i\insrsid10030423\charrsid10030423 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [6]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The statute clearly states that a }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 of game with a spotlight or other artificial light is established, as a prima facie case, where a person is found with a light, a gun, and ammunition after dark in a wooded area }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 where any game may reasonably be expected.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 5 GCA }{\f63\fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 63125 provides in relevant part: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid11998388 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid11998388 It shall be unlawful for any person to take any game with a spotlight or any other artificial light of any kind. To be found with any spotlight with any rifle, shotgun or other firearm, and with ammunition, after sunset, in any wooded section or other pl ace where any game may reasonably be expected, shall be prima facie evidence of violation of this section. \par }}}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 In its decision and order, the trial court expressly stated that Blas was found after dark with a shotgun, ammunition and a light in the jungle.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Furthermore, the court concluded that the Government presented prima facie evidence of a violation which Blas did not rebut.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Yet, the trial court denied forfeiture of the lamp, holding that since no criminal prosecution was initiated against Blas, the items could not be seized pursuant to 5 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63128.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\insrsid11998388 \tab }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 Illegal use of nets, vessels including engines, motors and all vessel accessories, paraphernalia, beasts of burden, traps, firearms, electrical devices, or veh icles; seizure; forfeiture proceeding; sale or destruction. Any net, vessel including engines, motors and all vessel accessories, paraphernalia, beast of burden, trap, firearm, electrical device or vehicle used for taking or transporting fish or game tak e n in violation of the provisions of this Article is a public nuisance. Every person authorized to make an arrest for such violation shall seize and keep such net, vessel including engines, motors and all vessel accessories, trap, firearm, electrical devi ce or vehicle and report the seizure to the Department of Agriculture.}}}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 However, the}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 code}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 section}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 does}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 not}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 require}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 criminal}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 prosecution against an individual in order for forfeiture to be directed.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 All that section 63128 does require is a violation of any code section within Title 5, Chapter 63, Article 1.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 It is clear that the Government established a violation of section 63125 making it a public nuisance and}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 making forfeiture proper.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 B.\tab Forfeiture of the gun}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [7]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The trial court went on to assert that no }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking,}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 within the meaning of the statute, had occurred to justify forfeiture of the seized items because }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}} {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 no carcass was found, nor was there any other evidence of a kill.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Dep}{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 t of Agric. v. One (1) Remington .12-Gauge Shotgun, Mod. 1187, Ser. No. PC230904,}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 CV1220-95 (Super. Ct. Guam, January 2, 1997).}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 A }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 or to }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 take}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 is defined in the statute as to }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 hunt, pursue, catch, angle, seize, kill, trap, would [sic], shoot in any way or by any agency or device; every attempt to do such acts or to assist any other person in the doing of or the attempt to do such acts.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 5 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63101(g).}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Under this definition, there is no need to produce a carcass or any other evidence of a kill.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Take}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 not only means killing, but also the hunt or pursuit of game.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 A person may go out to hunt, but never happen upon any game to shoot or kill; however, such action would still fall within the statutory definition of take.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 A person can be hunting in the woods and never see a deer; hunting does not require the killing of a deer or even the firing of a shot. }{\i\fs20\insrsid11998388 Pharr v. State}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 , 465 So.2d 294, 300 (Miss. 1984).}}}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Furthermore, it need not be proven that an individual was actually in the act of pursuing or taking game at the time of his apprehension.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Redding v. State,}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 458 S.E.2d 168, 169 (Ga. Ct. App. 1995).}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The question is whether Blas hunted or pursued game to constitute a }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 under the statute.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [8]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The case of }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 State v. Hillock}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 , involved criminal prosecution of defendants who were convicted of hunting in violation of a Maine state statute making it unlawful to hunt between a half hour after sunset until a half an hour before sunrise.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 384 A.2d 437, 438 (Me. 1978).}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The defendants were convicted of hunting in violation of that provision merely because they were caught at night in their truck in an area where deer were known to abound, with a shotgun and search light in plain view.}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Id.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 at 441.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Although this case involved the criminal prosecution of the individuals who were determined to be unlawfully hunting at night, what}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 is significant about the }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Hillock}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 case is the fact that the aforementioned evidence was sufficient to establish that the defendants were }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 hunting}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 with a gun and light in an area known for hunting.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Id.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 at 440.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 No carcass was found and the defendants were never observed outside of the truck; however, hunting was held proven.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 C.\tab Definition of Take or a Taking}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [9]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab As applied to this case, although not a criminal prosecution, what needs to be established is that a } {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 occurred.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The trial court did not indicate that it believed Blas}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 contention that he was searching for medicinal herbs.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 It did, however, find that section 63125 was violated.}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Returning to section 63125, the statute reads that it is a violation to take game with a light.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Prima facie evidence of a violation is established if a person is found at night with a light,}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 a gun and ammunition in any wooded section or other place where game may reasonably be expected.}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The statute presumes a }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking}{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 if a person is in a wooded area after dark with a gun and ammunition.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The evidence of being out at night in the jungle with a gun, ammunition, a light, a deer call, a canteen and a knife}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 and being in the vicinity of where the Conservation Officers heard shots; presents more than sufficient evidence of a }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 taking.}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 As noted in the }{\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Hillock}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 case the absence of evidence of a carcass or a kill is legally irrelevant.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 With no substantial evidence to the contrary, it appears the trial court erred in both its interpretation and application of the law in this case.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\i\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 D.\tab Definition of Paraphernalia}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [10]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The final question is whether the ammunition, knife, canteen and deer call should have been forfeited under section 63128.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Section 63128 permits forfeiture for the illegal use of }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 net, vessel including engines, motors and all vessel accessories, paraphernalia, beast of burden, trap, firearm, electrical device or vehicle used for taking or transporting fish or game}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 as public nuisances.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 5 GCA }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 63128.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Government argues that the aforementioned items would qualify as }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 paraphernalia}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 and be subject to seizure and forfeiture under section 63128.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The trial court stated that those items }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 might}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 fall within the definition of paraphernalia, but discounted the possibility because none of those items seized were specifically enumerated within the statute itself.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [11]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab The Government asks the Court to adopt a definition of paraphernalia which is associated with the more commonly used concept of drug paraphernalia-- }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 used, intended for use, or designed for use}{\cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 Drug paraphernalia has been statutorily defined in many jurisdictions as }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 all equipment, products, and materials of any kind that are used, intended for use, or designed for use}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 in activities related to either the production or consumption of drugs. H}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 AW}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . R}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 EV}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . S}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 TAT}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . }{ \fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 329-1 (1997); M}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 ONT}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . C}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 ODE}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 A} {\fs16\insrsid11998388 NN}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 45-10-101 (1997); W}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 ASH}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . R}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 EV}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 . C}{\fs16\insrsid11998388 ODE}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f169\fs20}}}{\fs20\insrsid11998388 69.50.102 (1997). }}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 ,}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 in this case, in the taking of game.}{ \insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Court both accepts and adopts the preceding definition of paraphernalia.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 In this case, the canteen is a rather innocuous item; however, combined with the ammunition, knife and deer call, as well as the gun and headlamp, all would be used, intended for use, or designed for use in the taking of game.}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 As such, the remainder of the seized items, as paraphernalia, were subject to forfeiture under section 63128.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 CONCLUSION}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\b\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 [12]}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \tab A plain}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 reading}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 of}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 the}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 statute}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 would}{\insrsid10030423 }{ \insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 indicate}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 that}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Blas}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 violated section 63125 and Guam Admin. R. & Regs. }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 15300.1.}{\cs15\super\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\super\insrsid11998388 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid11998388 It shall be legal to hunt wild game in season from one half hour before sunrise to one half hour after sunset. Guam Admin. R. & Regs. 15300.1.}}}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 In turn, forfeiture of all the seized items would be proper under section 63128 expressly and impliedly as paraphernalia.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 The Court hereby reverses the trial court}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 s decision as the court below misapplied the law in this case.}{\insrsid10030423 }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Reversed and Remanded for proceedings consistent with this decision.}{\insrsid10030423 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ,}{\insrsid10030423 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid10030423\charrsid10030423 JANET HEALY WEEKS,}{\insrsid10030423 \par }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Associate Justice\tab \tab }{\insrsid10030423 \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Associate Justice}{\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10030423 {\insrsid10030423 PETER C. SIGUENZA, \par }{\insrsid11998388\charrsid10030423 Chief Justice}{\insrsid10030423 \par }}