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People vs. Johnson, 1997 Guam 9, (Opinion)
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\f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par TERRITORY OF GUAM
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 PEOPLE OF THE TERRITORY OF GUAM
\par }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Plaintiff/Appellant,}{\f0\insrsid13254512 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 vs.}{\f0\insrsid13254512 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 MARK STEVEN JOHNSON
\par }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Defendant/Appellee.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Criminal Case No. CRA 96-003
\par Filed: June 22, 1997
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Cite as: 1997 Guam 9
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted 29 January 1997
\par Agana, Guam
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Appearing for the Plaintiff-Appellant:
\par GERALD EGAN, Esq.
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Building
\par 120 West O\rquote Brien Drive
\par Agana, Guam 96910}{\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Appearing for the Defendant-Appellee:
\par F. RANDALL CUNLIFFE, Esq.
\par Cunliffe & Cook
\par A Professional Corporation
\par Suite 200
\par 210 Archbishop F.C. Flores Street
\par Agana, Guam 96910}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 _______________
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 OPINION
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and MONESSA G. LUJAN,}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi270\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar
\tx0\tx270\tx864\tx1296\tx1728\tx2160\tx2592\tx3024\tx3456\tx3888\tx4320\tx4752\tx5184\tx5616\tx6048\tx6480\tx6912\tx7344\tx7776\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\b\f176\fs22\super\insrsid13254512 
\chftn }{\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 Justice Lujan heard oral argument and participated in the resolution of this matter, but due to her untimely death was not available to sign the opinion.}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  Associate Justices.

\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 PER CURIAM:
\par }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 This is a timely appeal filed by Appellant Territory of Guam (}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 People}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
) and arises from a trial court decision which granted Defendant-Appellee Mark Steven Johnson\rquote s (}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Johnson}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
) motion to suppress evidence obtained during a traffic stop. Based upon the record and the applicable law, this Court denies the relief sought and hereby affirms the order suppressing the evidence obtained from the traffic stop.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid10971745 I.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par [1]\tab At about 2:10 a.m. on the}{\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816  }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 morning of June 11, 1995, Officer Nys (}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Nys}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 ) of the Guam Police Department (}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 GPD}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 ) was patrolling the area around Club Texas and Pamela }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 76 in Anigua, Guam. Nys was approached by an individual who reported that an African-American male driving a blue Nissan Pathfinder, license plate number Mangilao 2807, had asked the individual if he wou
ld like to purchase some crystal methamphetamine. Upon questioning by the police officer, the individual refused to provide his name, indicating that he preferred to remain anonymous. Nys}{\f0\insrsid10971745  described the individual as a C}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 aucasian military-type male who did not appear to be joking. Nys also testified that the individual appeared intoxicated, but not drunk.
\par 
\par [2]\tab Nys left the Club Texas area and headed south on Route One towards the G.C.I.C. building. Nys observed a northbound blue Pathfinder execute a right t
urn near Kentucky Fried Chicken in Anigua and head towards West O'Brien Drive. Nys followed the vehicle and confirmed that the license plate matched the number provided by the anonymous informant. Nys proceeded to conduct a traffic stop }{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
[b]ecause of the fact that the informant had advised me that this car may possibly be dealing narcotic substances.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  Nys' search of the vehicle revealed a black pouch underneath the driver's seat. Inside the black pouch, Nys discovered a package wrapped with a Narcot
ics Anonymous schedule. Nys opened the package and found what appeared to be, five }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 plates}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 of ice. Johnson was arrested and subsequently charged with possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 II.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par [3]\tab This Court is presented with the issue of whether Officer Nys was justified in stopping Appellee Johnson\rquote s vehicle.}{\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816  }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 This Court un
dertakes a de novo review of the trial court\rquote s legal conclusion that there was not a reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify an investigatory stop, however, the findings of fact relied on by the trial judge in
 drawing the legal conclusion are reviewed for clear error. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Lee}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 68 F.3d 1267, 1270 (11}{\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 th}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 Cir. 1995); }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Santamaria-Hernandez}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 968 F.2d 980, 983 n.3 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 th}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 Cir. 1992). Such findings include }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 what infor
mation the officers had, what acts were performed, and what statements were made.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Bold}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 19 F.3d 99, 102 (2}{\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 nd}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 Cir. 1994). The facts are also construed in a light most favorable to the party prevailing at the trial level. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Lee}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 68 F.3d 1267, 1270 (11}{
\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 th}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  Cir. 1995). This court holds, for the reasons set forth below, that the trial court's factual findings, co
nstrued in a light most favorable to Appellee Johnson were not clearly erroneous and that the trial court's legal conclusion survives de novo review.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 III.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par [4]\tab The Fourth amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures is made applicable to Guam via }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  1421b (c) of the Organic Act of Guam. The Fourth Amendment permits brief detentions when a police officer has a reasonable suspicion that an individual was engaged in or is about to be engaged in illegal conduct. }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Terry v. Ohio}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 392 U.S. 1 (1968).}{\f0\insrsid489816\charrsid489816  }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 The }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Terry}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  stop doctrine has been extended to justify the investigatory stop of a motor vehicle. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 United States v. Sharpe, }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 470 U.S. 675, 682 (1985).
\par 
\par [5]\tab The reasonable suspicion necessary to justify an investigatory stop }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
is dependent upon both the content of information possessed by police and its degree of reliability.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Alabama v. White}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 496 U.S. 325, 330 (1990). When an investigatory stop is justified with reasonable suspicion based upon an anonymous tip, }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Alabama v. White}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  requires that such tip be sufficiently corroborated by independent police work. }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
Some tips, completely lacking in indicia of reliability, would either warrant no police response or require further investigation before a forcible stop of a suspect would be authorized.'}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Id.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  at 329 (quoting }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Adams v. Williams}{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 407 U.S. 143 (1972)).
\par 
\par [6]\tab In order to determine whether an officer had reasonable suspicion sufficient to warrant a traffic stop, the court must look at the totality of the circumstances, }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
taking into account the facts known to the officers from personal observation, and giving the anonymous tip the weight it deserved in light of its indicia of reliability as established through independent police work.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Id.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 at 330. Furthermore, the reasonable suspicion must exist at the time the stop was initiated. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Santamaria-Hernandez}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 968 F.2d 980, 982 (9}{
\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 th}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  Cir. 1992). In the specific context of an investigatory stop prompted by an informant's tip, }{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 if a tip has a relatively low degree of reliability, more information will be required to establish the requisite quantum of suspicion than woul
d be required if the tip were more reliable.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Ala
bama v. White}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  496 U.S. at 330. Substantial corroboration of the tip by independent police work can impart some degree of reliability in other uncorroborated portions of the tip. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
Id.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  at 332. However, such corroboration must ordinarily involve predictive facts of the suspect's behavior. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Id.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  As stated in }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 White}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 :
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin720\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 [w]e think it also important that, as in }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Gates}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , }{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 the anonymous [tip] contained a range of details relat
ing not just to easily obtained facts and conditions existing at the time of the tip, but to future actions of third parties ordinarily not easily predicted.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  (cite omitted) The fact that the officers found a car precisely matching the caller's description in front of the 235 building is an example of the former. Anyone could have }{
\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 predicted}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  that fact because it was a condition presumably existing at the time of the call. What was important was the caller's ability to predict respondent's }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 future behavior}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , because it demonstrated inside information--a special familiarity with respon
dent's affairs. . . . When significant aspects of the caller's predictions were verified, there was reason to believe not only that the caller was honest but also that he was well informed, at least well enough to justify the stop.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Id.}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
 at 332 (italics and underlining added). The corroboration of predictive facts regarding the defendant's future behavior confirms the reliability of an anonymous informant's tip. It is such a demonstration which justifies the traffic stop.}{
\cs15\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi180\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar
\tx0\tx180\tx864\tx1296\tx1728\tx2160\tx2592\tx3024\tx3456\tx3888\tx4320\tx4752\tx5184\tx5616\tx6048\tx6480\tx6912\tx7344\tx7776\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\b\f176\fs22\super\insrsid13254512 
\chftn }{\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 Some jurisdictions require less corroboration of predictive facts where the tip involves an allegation that the suspect is armed.  }{\b\i\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 See}{\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512  }{
\b\i\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 U.S. v. Bold}{\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 , 19 F.3d 99 (2}{\b\f176\fs20\super\insrsid13254512 nd}{\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512  Cir. 1994); }{\b\i\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 United States v. Clipper}{
\b\f176\fs20\insrsid13254512 , 973 F.2d 944 (D.C. Cir. 1992). These cases are inapplicable because there are no facts which support the exigent circumstance exception.}}}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid489816 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 IV.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par [7]\tab In the present case the trial judge determined that the tip had a low degree of reliability, if any, and that additional information would be needed to make the tip more reli
able. The trial court's determination was influenced by the finding that the face to face anonymous informant specifically refused to identify himself or otherwise expose himself to any risk of prosecution. Fu
rthermore, the trial judge also made the factual determination that the anonymous informant was tip was possibly intoxicated. Based on such factual findings, the trial court concluded that the anonymous informant's unreliable tip did not give rise to a r
easonable suspicion.
\par 
\par [8]\tab The police officer was not presented with the type of facts that could be corroborated by additional and independent findings. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 See, e.g.,}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  }{
\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 U.S. v. Lee}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 , 68 F.3d 1267, 1271 (11}{\f0\super\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 th}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  Cir. 1995). The anonymous tip consisted of preexisting
 facts and did not contain predictive information which demonstrated the informant's intimate awareness of the defendant's criminal activity. }{\i\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 Alabama v. White,}{\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816  496 U.S. at 332.

\par 
\par [9]\tab 
Ultimately, the trial judge determined that the anonymous informant's tip alone, which contained no predictive facts to be corroborated, was insufficient to justify a traffic stop. This Court agrees and concludes that the trial court was correct in suppre
ssing the evidence obtained from the unlawful traffic stop.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10971745 {\b\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid10971745 CONCLUSION
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par [10]\tab For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Superior Court is affirmed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 JANET HEALY WEEKS
\par Associate Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 MONESSA G. LUJAN
\par Associate Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489816 {\f0\insrsid13254512\charrsid489816 PETER C. SIGUENZA
\par Chief Justice
\par ___________{\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}
\par }}