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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\tx432\tx864\tx1296\tx1728\tx2160\tx2592\tx3024\tx3456\tx3888\tx4320\tx4752\tx5184\tx5616\tx6048\tx6480\tx6912\tx7344\tx7776\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid15820154 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs22\insrsid15820154 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 \f176\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\b\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 JOANNE DOWNEY COFFEY, \par }{\f0\insrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant,}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577 vs.}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 THE GOVERNMENT OF GUAM, \par }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Petitioner-Appellee. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 IN THE INTEREST OF M.D., \par MINOR AS THE REAL PARTY. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Supreme Court Case No.:}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 CVA97-016 \par Superior Court Case No.:}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 JP0724-95 \par Filed:}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 October 28, 1997 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 1997 Guam 14 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and Submitted October 20, 1997 \par Agana, Guam \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \fi-3888\li3888\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin3888\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Appearing}{\f0\insrsid7018577 for the Respondent-Appellant\tab }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Appearing for the Real Party \par }\pard \qj \fi-5616\li5616\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5616\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 THOMAS C. MOODY\tab \tab \tab }{\f0\insrsid7018577 TERRENCE A. LONG}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \fi-3888\li3888\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin3888\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Klem}{\f0\insrsid7018577 m, Blair, Sterling & Johnson\tab \tab }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Public Defender Service Corporation \par A Professional Corporation\tab \tab \tab Superior Court Annex \par Suite 1008 Pacific News Building\tab \tab 110 West O}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Brien Drive \par 238 Archbishop F. C. Flores Street\tab \tab Agana, Guam 96910 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Agana, Guam 96910 \par \par Appearing for the Petitioner-Appellee \par JOHN WEISENBERGER \par Office of the Attorney General \par Family Division \par Suite 701, Pacific News Building \par 238 Archbishop F. C. Flores Street \par Agana, Guam 96910}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 _______________________________ \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 OPINION \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par BEFORE:}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and BENJAMIN J. F. CRUZ, Associate Justices. \par \par }{\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 CRUZ, J.: \par }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [1]\tab Respondent-Appellant Joanne Downey Coffey appeals from an Order of the Superior Court, Family Division, Honorable Katherine A. Maraman, presiding, which terminated her parental rights.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Based upon the record and the applicable law, we affirm the order of the Superior Court terminating parental rights. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 BACKGROUND}{\b\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 [2]\tab Respondent-Appellant Joanne Downey Coffey and Kenneth Powell, Jr. are the natural parents of MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 On September 14, 1995 an ex parte order was issued which placed MD in the temporary legal custody of Child Protective Services (CPS).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The following day it was ordered that MD remain in foster care with visitation with the Respondent-Appellant and that a Person in Need of Services (PINS) petition be filed.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Such petition was filed and a lengthy fact-finding hearing was held with the court below issuing a written Decision And Order That The Child Is In Need Of Services sustaining the petition filed on May 1, 1996.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par \par [3]\tab The court made the following findings by a preponderance of the evidence.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 M D, who was born on March 19, 1995 to Respondent-Appellant and Kenneth Powell, Jr. has resided in Guam since her birth.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The birth father}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s location is unknown and, thus, he was not served with the PINS petition, although Respondent-Appellant was served and present at the hearings with counsel.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Throughout the summer of 1995, Respondent-Appellant and the babysitter, Vicki Gingrich, primarily cared for MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s then boyfriend, WS, occasionally cared for the infant.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Bruises and other marks on MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s body were indicative of injuries sustained by MD during the months of June, August and September of 1995.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 It was es tablished that MD suffered multiple fractures in her ribs and to her right scapula, occurring at different times, respectively.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Furthermore, it was also established that MD suffered from a fractured}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 left}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 tibia}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 which}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 was}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 result of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 a non-accidental trauma.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 WS was not able to properly care for MD and Respondent-Appellant knew of his inexperience and inability which resulted in injuries to MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 On August 18, 1995 Respondent-Appellant was inebriated and unable to care for MD at which time WS battered MD, which resulted in a black eye and a hemorrhage in her eye as well as sustained injuries to MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s torso and perineum leaving bruises.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant also caused injuries to her daughter, including injury to MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s eye on September 8, 1995.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant was unable to provide a sanitary home environment for MD nor did she provide MD with proper hygiene.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Furthermore, Respondent-Appellant lacks paren ting skills evidenced by her failure to provide supplies for MD while at day care, to provide the child with medical care when injured or ill, to make sure the child receives timely immunizations and child well care appointments, and to provide age approp riate toys for the baby.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Subsequently, sometime during the summer of 1996, Respondent-Appellant married Leland Christopher Coffey.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The findings of the fact finding are not in dispute in this matter, only those findings presented at the disposition hearing are on appeal here as they go to the support for the termination. \par \par [4]\tab As a result of the court}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s sustaining the petition, a disposition hearing was ordered and held on September 11 and 17, 1996.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Factual support for the termination was provided through the court}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s factual findings in its Decision and Order dated May 1, 1996 and testimony given at the disposition hearing. The court received testimony from several wit nesses including Dr. Jonathan Richardson, M.D.; Dr. James Kiffer, a licensed clinical psychologist; Jocelyn Cruz, Child Protective Services (CPS) caseworker; Respondent-Appellant herself and her husband, Mr. Coffey.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The court issued a written decision and order on April 10, 1997 which terminated parental rights of the Respondent-Appellant over MD without having created a service plan or holding a permanent plan hearing.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Subsequently, a Judgment of Termination of Parental Rights was signed.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-A ppellant filed a timely notice of appeal on May 1, 1997. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 DISCUSSION}{\b\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [5]\tab Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 raises}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 three}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 issues}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 on}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 appeal:}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 (1)}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 trial}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 court}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 deprived}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the Respondent-Appellant}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Due}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Process}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 law}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 under}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Fourteenth}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Amendment}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 U.S. Constitution; (2) the trial court decision to terminate parental rights was not supported by clear and convincing evidence; and (3) the trial court did not adequately comply with the requirements of the Child Protective Act (CPA). }{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 I. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [6]\tab The standard of review in examining findings of fact is whether or not the findings were clearly erroneous with due regard to be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the witnesses}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 credibility.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Guam R. Civ. P. 52(a); }{ \i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Service Employees Int}{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 l Union, AFL-CIO, CLC v. Fair Political Practices Comm}{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 n}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , 955 F.2d 1312, 1317 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 th}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Cir. 1992).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The question as to whether a constitutional right has been violated is reviewed }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 de novo}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 .}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 United States v. Michael R.}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , 90 F.3d 340, 343 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 th}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Cir. 1996), \par \par [7]\tab It has been established through case law that the right to parent is a fundamental liberty interest protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Santosky v. Kramer}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , 455 U.S. 745, 753-4 (1982).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 As a fundamental right it is afforded great protec tions from state interference.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Id}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 .}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 However, the state}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s interest may prevail under certain circumstances.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The CPA governs areas of abuse or neglect of children and, although reunification is a goal of the CPA, ultimately what is sought to be effectuated is the best interest of the child.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Procedural safeguards are necessary in order to maintain a balance between a parent}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s rights and the state}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s interest in protecting children including the requirement that it be established by clear and convincing evidence that a home is unsafe and it is not reasonably foreseeable it will become safe before terminating parental rights.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324 (1994); }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Santosky}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , 455 U.S. at 769; }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 In the Interest of Lonnie Arceo Quichocho}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , Civ. No.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 86-0002A, 1986 WL 68915 (D. Guam App. Div. November 21, 1986).}{\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [8]\tab Respondent-Appellant argues that her due process rights were violated and equally that the government failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that she could not provide a safe home for MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Essentially these two arguments merge.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 There is a fundamental right to parent which may only}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 be divested by a showing of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 clear}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 and}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 convincing}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 evidence.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Santosky }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , 455 U.S. at 769.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant also argues that this standard was not met and therefore her due process rights were violated. \par \par [9]\tab The government bears the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the Respondent-Appellant is not able to provide a safe home for MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Id.}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 at 745.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant believes that the testimony given by Drs. Richardson and Kiffer, and Jocelyn Cruz, was not adequate to rise t o the level of establishing that the Respondent-Appellant could not provide a safe home.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Respondent-Appellant focuses on the fact that all three witnesses did not possess all relevant information to make proper evaluations.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The doctors never directly came out and supported a finding for termination and Dr. Kiffer and Ms. Cruz indicated that given certain circumstances occurring it was possible that reunification could become feasible. \par \par [10]\tab Furthermore, the Respondent-Appellant alleges that the court did not adequately consider the testimony of her and her husband which demonstrated a willingness and a capability on their parts to provide a safe home for MD.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Specifically, information as to a changed economic status which results in the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s being able to be at home and care for the child, and Mr. Coffey}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s willingness to care for MD and take responsibility should any further signs of abuse arise. \par \par [11]\tab There has been no evidentiary support for the contention that at any step in the dependency process the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s due process rights were violated.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Moreover, the Respondent-Appellant was t imely served and given notice and was present with counsel at all hearings.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Testimony was presented by several witnesses at the disposition hearing.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 argues that the evidence presented was not enough for the government to meet its burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Clear and convincing evidence is defined in the CPA as }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 that measure of degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13101(h) (1994). \par \par [12]\tab Dr.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Richardson}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 conducted}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 testing}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 on}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 for}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 purpose}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of determining}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 whether}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 } {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 she suffered}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 from any}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 major psychiatric conditions and to ascertain signs of personality issues or substance abuse.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 At the disposition hearing, it was Dr. Richardson}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s testimony that the Respondent-Appellant suffered from border line personality structure and probable disorder.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Through his testing he found that there were parent-child problems and a possibility of substance abuse.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 His diagnosis indicate d that there was only a limited possibility that the Respondent-Appellant would reach a point at which she could be motivated to benefit from insight therapy and take responsibility for her role in MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s abuse and realize herself as a source of the problem.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He did indicate that there was a possibility that in }{\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 several years}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the Respondent-Appellant may possibly become a good candidate for insight therapy. \par \par [13]\tab Dr. Kiffer, a licensed clinical psychologist with Client Services and Family Counseling Division of the Superior Court, also conducted a psychological evaluation of the Respondent-Appellant and presented testimony at the disposition hearing.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 His testimony was in concert with that of Dr. Richard son although his was more extensive as to the present inability of the Respondent-Appellant to adequately care for MD as evidenced by her lack of emotional bonding with the child and lack of protective instinct.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Dr. Kiffer diagnosed the Respondent-Appellant with Immature Personality Disorder, which exhibits itself in poor judgment for her age.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He made no recommendation}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to specifically terminate or go forward with a service plan.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par \par [14]\tab Dr. Kiffer indicated that the feasibility of reunification could become possible, but it would be dependent on several future occurrences.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Although this was stated, it is still possible for a trier of fact to decide that such a prospect is too remote a possibility to warrant continued efforts for reunification. Moreover, Dr. Kiffer also felt that the Respondent-Appel lant possessed an unwillingness to participate in therapy, although she would attend if ordered to do so by the court.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Dr.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Kiffer indicated that a real improvement would not}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 result}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 because}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 she}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 would}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 not}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 engage in meaningful counseling. \par \par [15] \tab He}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 further outlined two critical stages in}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 a child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s life at which}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 adoption}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 is}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 feasible.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He determined that at six (6) months of age is a milestone for adoption because a child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s development is stabilizing and the child is facing issues of trust, safety and love.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He also sta ted that two (2) years old is a good age for adoption because family begins to become important to and for the child and it is a critical stage for neurological and developmental factors.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He did, however, also indicate that there are some negative ramifications of adoption as well. \par \par [16]\tab Jocelyn Cruz, the CPS caseworker assigned to this case, was responsible to see that MD received proper care while in foster care.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Ms. Cruz monitored the services being pro vided}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to the Respondent-Appellant of which she availed herself.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Ms. Cruz indicated that the supervised visits between the Respondent-Appellant and MD went well.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Additionally, Ms. Cruz indicated that the Respondent-Appellant}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s denial of responsibility in MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s injuries made reunification impossible because this denial could result in further abuse if the child were returned to her.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Ms. Cruz recommended that the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s parental rights be terminated.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 As was the case with Dr. Kiffer}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s evaluation, Ms. Cruz also agreed that if the Respondent-Appellant whole heartedly engaged in therapy and was provided and particip ated in services which would develop parenting skills, she would re-evaluate and reconsider her recommendation for termination.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 However, the fact that she might reconsider under certain circumstances is not enough to show that the circumstances had adequately changed nor that her reconsideration would yield a different result.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par \par [17]\tab The testimony of the Respondent-Appellant and her husband did indicate some willingness to provide a safe home.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Respondent-Appellant att ested that she was now a housewife and that she had enough financial support to allow her to stay home and take care of her home and her child, and thus the child would not be placed in day care.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 She indicated that she would participate in counseling or therapy if recommended by the court.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 She testified that she feels she has bonded with MD and that the child runs to her and hugs and kisses her at visits.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Mr. Coffey, a Data Processor and Technician Second Class for}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the Navy Department,}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 testified}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 that}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 he would seek to adopt MD if reunification occurs.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He stated that he would provide for MD as if she were his own.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 would be responsible for}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 reporting any signs of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 abuse or neglect.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He has attempted}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to bond with}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 MD and}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 he}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 is}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 willing}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to remain}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 in}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Guam}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 for}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 as}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 long as monitoring is necessary.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 He is the guardian}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 at litem to a child of one of his previous supervisors in Hawaii and he has cared for his three nieces.}{\f0\ul\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [18]\tab The court had before it evidence that the home was not safe for MD, that it was not reasonably foreseeable that the Respondent-Appellant would be able to provide a safe home and that termination was in the child}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 First, there was evidence that MD was beaten and battered and that her resulting injuries were neglected by the Respondent-Appellant.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Secondly, there were advance psychiatric and psychological evaluations regarding the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s mental capacity and parenting abilities.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Third, there was the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 inability to accept responsibility for the injuries which were sustained b y MD and the ramifications of this denial on the possibility of future abuse; and on the prospect of meaningful reunification there was evidence of the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s adoptability. Although the Respondent-Appellant has cited cases from other jurisdictions which do indicate that termination may not occur based solely on the best interest of the child, because someone else could better care for the child or because there is no bond between the parent and child, consideri ng all of the circumstances, there was a culmination of several factors and evidence presented which caused the court to terminate her rights. \par \par [19]\tab In light of the overwhelming evidence presented in favor of termination, it was reasonable for Judge Maraman, after consid ering its totality, to have found that Drs. Richardson and Kiffer, and Ms. Cruz, were more convincing and more credible witnesses than the Respondent-Appellant and Mr. Coffey.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 That, in turn, supported a finding, by clear and convincing evidence, that the Respondent-Appellant could not provide a safe home for MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 We see no reason to disrupt Judge Maraman} {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s factual findings; rather, we give deference to the fact that she had the opportunity to properly judge the credibility of the witnesses.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Guam R. Civ. P. 52(a); See also }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Quichocho}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 , Civ. No. 86-0002A, 1986 WL 68915 (D. Guam App. November 21, 1986) (holding that in light of overwhelming}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 evidence}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 support}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 termination,}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 fact}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 that}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 one}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 finding}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 was}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 erroneous}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 was harmless). \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 II. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [20]\tab We}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 review}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 application}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 law}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 de}{\i\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 novo.}{\i\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\i\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Camacho v. Camacho,}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 1997 Guam 5, }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 38 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 24. \par \par [21]\tab Reunification of the family is a policy goal of the CPA as is providing rehabilitative services where possible to effectuate that goal.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13100 (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Respondent-Appellant argues that strict compliance with the CPA was not followed in that the CPA mandates that a service plan be created and implemented and that failure to do so is in direct contravention to the CPA.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13301(c) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Furthermore, CPS has a duty to submit written reports and evaluate relevant information in determining the feasibility of reunification.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13309(a) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Additionally, the Respondent-Appellant asserts that proper notice was not given under 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13314(a) in that MD}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s father was never served and notified pursuant to 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13306. \par \par [22]\tab The CPA provides the framework for the jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The process includes the filing of a PINS petition, a trial or fact-finding hearing, a disposition hearing, then a service plan and finally a permanent plan hearing.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13300 et. seq. (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 A PINS petition was filed pursuant to section 13305, the court conducted a fact-finding hearing pursuant to section 13318}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f176\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs22\super\insrsid15820154 \chftn }{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 (c) If the parties do not admit the allegations in the petition, the case shall be set for a fact-finding hearing within 30 working days of the answering date. \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 (d) The court shall hear child protective proceedings under this chapter without a jury. The hearing shall be conducted in an informal manner and may be adjourned from time to time. The general public shall be excluded and only such persons shall be admitted as are found by the court to have a direct interest in the case. The child may be exclu ded from the hearing at any time at the discretion of the court. If a party is without counsel or a guardian ad litem, the court shall inform the party of the right to be represented by counsel and to appeal.}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 which was sustained}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 and}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 a}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 disposition}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 hearing}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 was}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 then}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 held}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 pursuant}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to section 13319(c)(1)}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f176\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs22\super\insrsid15820154 \chftn }{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 (c) If the court sustains the petition and does not immediately enter an order regarding the disposition of the child, it shall: \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 (1) Determine, based up on the facts adduced during the fact-finding hearing and any other additional facts presented to it, whether temporary foster custody should be continued or should be entered pending an order of disposition. The court shall consider all relevant prior an d current information for determining whether the child}{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 9}{\fldrslt\f169\fs18}}}{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 s family is willing and able to provide the child with a safe family home, and the report or reports submitted pursuant to }{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 9}{\fldrslt\f169\fs18}}}{ \b\fs18\insrsid15820154 13309, and proceed pursuant to subsection (c) of }{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 9}{\fldrslt\f169\fs18}}}{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 13316 prior to rendering a determination.}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 .}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Although the Respondent-Appellant contends that a service plan should have been implemented at this stage in the proceeding, there is no requirement that the court do so.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The court then made a determination}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 that even with supervision, the family home was not safe and decided to terminate parental rights in the best interests of the child.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13320(d) (1994). \par \par [23]\tab The Respondent-Appellant makes the argument that the CPA was not complied with,}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 in that the father was not served and given notice of the petition as required by 19 GCA }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13306(a).}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f176\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs22\super\insrsid15820154 \chftn }{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 (a) After a petition has been filed, the court shall issue a summons requiring a child}{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 9}{\fldrslt\f169\fs18}}}{\b\fs18\insrsid15820154 s family member or members who have legal or physical custody of the child at the time of the filing of the petition to bring the child before the court at the preliminary hearing as set forth in the summons. In addition, any legal parent, the natural parents (unless parental rights have been terminated) and other persons who are to be parties to the child protective proceeding at the time of the filing of the petition also shall be summoned, in the manner provided in this section.}}}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 However, it is clear from the record that summons was issued for Kenneth Powell, Jr. on September 19, 1995 in compliance with section 13306; however, his location was determined to be unknown.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Pursuant to 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13307(a) service shall be made personally; however, if the court finds that such personal service is impractical, the court may order service by other means including by registered or certified mail to the last known address or by publication.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The alternative to personal service is discretionary by the court below.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 In subsection (b) of that same section, the court may proceed in the absence of such a person who has been summoned pursuant to subsection (a).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13307(b) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Irrespective of this analysis, the summoning of the natural birth father has no bearing on the termination of the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s rights.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Moreover, on July 30, 1997, Kenneth Powell, Jr. , subsequent to the proceedings in the}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Superior}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Court,}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 executed and filed a}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 document}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 renouncing}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 his}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 parental}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 rights}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 over}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Furthermore, there is no dispute as to the fact that the Respondent-Appellant was properly summoned and served with notice of the proceedings and that she was subsequently present with counsel at the hearings. \par \par [24]\tab The absence of services being provided by CPS and of a service plan are the main arguments of the Respondent-Appellant as to any procedural defects.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 However, there is no mandatory language in the CPA requiring that a service plan be implemented.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The statute instead simply defines what a service plan is and its requirements.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13304 (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Respondent-Appellant argues that 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13301(d) is where the mandate exists.}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Child Protective Services shall make available among its services for the prevention and}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 treatment}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 child}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 abuse}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 or}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 neglect}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 multidisciplinary}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 teams,}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 instruction}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 in educatio n for parenthood, protective and preventive social counseling, emergency caretaker services and emergency shelter care, emergency medical services and the establishment of group organized by former abusing or neglecting persons and encourage self-reportin g and self-treatment of present abusers. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13301(d) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 However, section 13301(d) merely states that services be made available for the prevention and treatment of child abuse or neglect and does not make specific mention of a service plan per se.}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The evidence presented indicated that CPS provided monitored visitation with MD.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The Navy Case Review Screening Committee made an evaluation of the Respondent-Appellant and recommended a myriad of programs in which she should participate.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 She at tended Effective Parenting Classes conducted through the Navy Family Services Center and received individual counseling with two different therapists, including fifteen (15) sessions with Cathy Illarmo, a licensed counselor. \par \par [25]\tab Although the foregoing were not CPS programs, this is not of great import.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 In oral arguments it was conceded by the Petitioner-Appellee that CPS often utilizes the services of other agencies to effectuate its goal of providing services to families in need.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The fact that the Respondent-Appellant sought out those programs through the Navy does not mean that CPS did not make services available to her.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 CPS carefully monitored those programs in which she was involved.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 We realize that CPS}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s resources are limited and do not expect, nor believe the statute requires, that only CPS-provided services satisfy the statute, especially in circumstances where outside programs and services are either superior to those CPS offers and/or more readily available to persons in need of them.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Therefore, it is clear that services were made available to her. \par \par [26]\tab Furthermore, the statute governing disposition hearings provides as follows:}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 (d)}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 If the court determined that the child}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s family home is not a safe family home, even with the supervision of Child Protective Services the court shall vest foster custody of the child in an authorized agency and enter such fur ther orders as the court deems to be in the best interest of the child. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13320(d) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par \par [27]\tab The evidence supports a finding that the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 home}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 could}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 not}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 become}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 safe}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 within}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 a}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 reasonable amount of time; thus, based on this provision it would be possible for the court to terminate in the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Additional support for the termination is found in section 13320(f):}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 At the disposition hearing the court may order such terms, conditions and consequences as the court deems to be in the best inter est of the child.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par Clearly if the court found termination to be in the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest, nothing in this sec tion precludes termination at the disposition stage. \par \par [28]\tab What the Petitioner-Appellee alluded to was that in effect what Judge Maraman did was establish a permanent plan at the disposition hearing and ordered termination.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 At a permanent plan hearing under 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(a), the court may make a finding that by clear and convincing evidence the family was unwilling and unable to provide a safe home and that under }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(b)(3)(A) a permanent plan which frees the child up for adoption may be established.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The court shall consider information and determine by clear and convincing evidence that:}{\f0\insrsid15820154 \par }{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 It is not reasonably foreseeable that the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s family will become willing and able to provide the child with a safe family home, even with supervision of Child Protective S ervices, within a reasonable period of time, which shall not exceed two years from the date upon which the court was first placed under foster custody by the court. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(a)(2) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Foster custody ensued on September 15, 1995 and the court terminated parental rights on April 10, 1997, a year and a half later.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Permanent plans must be made within two years from the time the child was first placed under foster custody by the court if the family is unwilling and unable to provide a safe home, even with help from CPS.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(e) (1994).}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 In the permanent planning stage the court must consider whether the proposed permanent plan is in the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 The proposed permanent plan is in the child}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest based on the presumption that it is in the child}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s best interest }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 to be promptly and permanently placed with responsible and competent substitute caretakers and family in a safe and secure home.}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(a)(3)(A) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Also to be considered is the fact that this presumption increases in proportion to the child}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s age upon foster custody.}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 19 GCA }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 13324(a)(3)(B) (1994).}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Although the nomenclature}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 may}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 not}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 have}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 been}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 present,}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Judge}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 Maraman}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 has}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 adequately}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 complied}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 with both}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 letter}{ \f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 and the spirit}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 of}{\f0\insrsid7018577\charrsid7018577 }{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 the CPA before terminating the Respondent-Appellant}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 s parental rights. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\b\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 CONCLUSION \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par [29]\tab Based on the foregoing, the Judgment of Termination of Parental Rights of the Superior Court is hereby AFFIRMED. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid7018577 BENJAMIN J. C. CRUZ,}{\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par Associate Justice \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 JANET HEALY WEEKS, \par Associate Justice \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7018577 {\f0\insrsid15820154\charrsid7018577 PETER C. SIGUENZA, \par Chief Justice \par _______________ \par }}