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Kim vs. Hong, 1997 Guam 11, (Opinion)
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\f176\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 ANDDY P. KIM,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par Appellee,}{\f0\insrsid5572764 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 vs.}{\f0\insrsid5572764 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 EDWARD SA YONG HONG,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par Appellant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Supreme Court Case No. CVA97-007
\par Superior Court Case No. CV1031-94
\par Filed:}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 October 17, 1997
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135  }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 1997 Guam 11
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted 20 August 1997
\par Agana, Guam
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Appearing for the Appellant}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par WILLIAM C. BISCHOFF
\par Attorney At Law
\par 134 Chalan Santo Papa, Ste. 202
\par Agana, Guam 96910}{\f0\insrsid3176135 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Appearing for the Appellee}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par MARISSA KIM
\par Horecky & Associates
\par Suite 403, Bank of Hawaii Bldg.
\par 134 West Soledad Avenue
\par Agana, Guam 96910
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 __________________________________
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and JOSE LEON GUERRERO, Associate Justices.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 WEEKS, J.:
\par }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [1]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab 
This is an appeal from a grant of summary judgment in favor of Appellee Kim resulting in an award to Kim of $29,437.00, plus interest and costs.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
The Superior Court found that the signature of Appellant Hong on a written document promising to pay Kim $29,437.00, coupled with Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s signature on a check payable to Kim for that amount, was sufficient to eliminate any triable issue of fact as to Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s liability to Kim for the amount of the check.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 We reverse. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 BACKGROUND}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [2]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab 
On 13 March 1993, Appellant Hong signed a hand written document which stated that he had borrowed $29,437.00 from Appellee Kim, and that he promised to pay that amount back to Kim on 31 August 1993.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Also on 13 March 1993, Hong signed a check payable to Kim in the amount of $29,437.00.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The check was post-dated to 31 August 1993.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Because of insufficient funds in Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
s bank account, Kim was unable to receive payment on the check.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [3]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab According to Kim, the hand w
ritten document and the check are negotiable instruments given to Kim by Hong in satisfaction of a series of loans Kim had previously made to Hong.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Hong, on the other hand, claims that he never actually borrowed money from Kim.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 According to Hong, Kim had }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 invested}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  funds in a }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Korean Money Club}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  run by Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s wife, and had lost his }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 investment.}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Hong claims he signed the writing and the check because of pressure from Kim, and not to satisfy a pre-existing debt.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [4]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab On 12 July 1994, Kim filed a complaint in Superior Court demanding $29,437 plus interest and costs.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
On 7 February 1997, the Superior Court granted summary judgment in favor of Kim awarding all of the relief requested in his complaint.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 This appeal followed. 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 DISCUSSION}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [5]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab We review the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s granting of summary judgment de novo.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Iizuka Corp. v. Kawasho International Inc.,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
 CVA96-003, p.3 (Sup. Ct. Guam, July, 24 1997).}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Rule 56(c) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure authorizes summary judgment }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [6]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab 
Generally, the moving party bears the burden of showing the court those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with 
affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of an issue of material fact.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 477 U.S. 317 (1986).}{
\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The moving party is not required to negate each element of the non-moving party}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s case.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 497 U.S. 871 (1990).}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The moving party satisfies and discharges its burden by establishing the absence of evidence to support the non-moving party}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s case.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Celotex}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 477 U.S. at 325.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [7]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab If the moving party establishes a lack of evidence, the non-moving party must present specific facts showing there is a genuine issue for trial.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Id.}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 .}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The non-moving party may not rely on unsupported or conclusory alleg
ations of his pleadings, but must present some significant probative evidence tending to support the complaint.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
, 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [8]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab If, after adequate time for discovery, the non-moving party }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  then Rule 56(c) requires entry of summary judgment.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Celotex}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 477 U.S. at 2552; }{
\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Lujan}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 497 U.S. at 884.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Under those circumstances, }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 there can be no genuine issue as to any material fact, since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element renders all other facts immaterial.}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Celotex}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 477 U.S. at 323.}{
\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The moving party, is, therefore, entitled to judgment as a matter of law.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Id.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Stated simply, there is a trial issue if there is sufficient evidence for a jury to return a verdict in the non-moving party}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s favor.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Anderson}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , 477 U.S. at 250.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [9]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab We now turn to the record and in reviewing the judgment of the Superior Court we will view the evidence and draw inferences in the light most favorable to the non-movant.}
{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\i\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Iizuka Corp. v. Kawasho International, Inc.}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 , CVA96-003, p.4 (Sup. Ct. Guam, July 24, 1997).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [10]}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Appellant argues that a triable issue of fact exists on the question of whether the documents Appellant executed on 13 March 1993 were given in satisfaction of a debt owed to Appellee.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
According to Appellant, these documents, though they appear as evidence of a debt, were actually signed in response to pressure from Appellee Kim because Kim had lost money he had payed into a Korean money club.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Therefore, Appellant argues, no consideration was given to him by Kim which would support Kim}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s claim.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [11]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab Payments into the Korean}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
money club, according to Appellant, are distributed to members of the club who are expected to pay the money back into the club.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
If, however, members who have received money from the club fail to return the money, then there may not be money left in the club to pay back those who made the original payments.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Appellant claims that this situation occurred in this case, causing Kim to lose his money, and prompting Kim, on 13 March 1993, to pressure Appellant into signing the documents in question.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [12]}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
To support his version of the facts, Appellant presented his own deposition testimony, as well as an affidavit from his wife, both of which describe the circumstances surrounding issuance of the two documents signed on 13 March 1993.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  
}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 In the following excerpt from his deposition, Appellant Hong explains why he post-dated the check payable to Kim:}{\f0\insrsid5572764 
\par }{\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin432\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Because the }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  Some person already took the money person.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 They promise until this date they}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 re going to bring back the money, the Korean club.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 And then that}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s why I make the post day check, because I promise these people, they}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 re going to bring back the money this date.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 That}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s why I}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 m asking somebody to bring the money until this day.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 . . .}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 But they }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 67 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  As long as they don}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 t bring any kind money, so how do I pay him?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [13]}{\b\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The record also contains an affidavit signed by Appellant Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s wife, Yong Ok Hong, to}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 the effect that the only money received from Kim was for the money club.}{
\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Paragraph 2 of her affidavit appears as follows:}{\f0\insrsid5572764 
\par }{\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin432\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 2.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 I was the organizer of the Korean money club that plaintiff Kim}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s money went into.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Neither my hus
band nor I borrowed any money from Mr. Kim.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
The money club broke when some members took the money and ran away, or had their businesses go bad, and then did not put back into the club the money they had taken.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
That is why Mr. Kim lost the money he had put into the club.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Even I lost money, because I was putting extra money into the club to cover for those who did not meet their monthly obligations.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [14]}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Appellee Kim, on the other hand, argues that the two signed documents and Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
s deposition testimony to the effect that he intended to pay Kim back establish that there is no factual dispute on the question of whether Hong received consideration from Kim for the documents Hong signed.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 The Superior Court was persuaded by this argument and relied upon the two signed documents in granting summary judgment to Kim.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
We find the documents, however, to be insufficient to support the conclusion that no triable issue exists.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 To the contrary, the deposition testimony an
d affidavit cited above establish a triable issue of fact.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [15]\tab }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Kim argues, in the alternative, that even if there is a factual dispute on the question of consideration, he is nonetheless immune from Hong}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s failure of consideration defense.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
According to Kim, based upon 13 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
 3302, he meets the definition of a holder in due course of the documents signed by Appellant on 13 March 1993.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 As a holder in due course, Kim argues citing 13 G.C.A. }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  3305, he takes free of Appellant}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s failure of consideration defense.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [16]\tab }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 We need not address the question of whether Appellee Kim meets the definition of a holder in due course.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Even if Kim were correctly defined as a holder in due course of both documents, under the undisputed facts of this case, he would still be subject to Appellant}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s failure of consideration defense.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 13 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  3305, which Appellee Kim relies upon, provides in pertinent part:}{\f0\insrsid5572764 
\par }{\f0\insrsid3176135\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li709\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin709\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  3305.}{
\b\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Rights of a Holder in Due Course.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 To the extent that a holder is a holder in due course he takes the instrument free from
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 (1) All claims to it on the part of any person; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri432\widctlpar\faauto\rin432\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 (2) All defenses of any party to the instrument }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 with whom the holder has not dealt}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  except ... (Emphasis added).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [17]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab It is clear from the express language of }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
 3305 that the section is not intended to allow the holder of an instrument, even a holder in due course, to take free from common defenses, such as failure of consideration, raised by the party with whom the holder dealt.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Because there is no dispute that in executing the instruments in question, Appellant Hong is the party with whom Kim dealt, section }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  3305 does not provide Kim immunity from Hong}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 s failure of consideration defense.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [18]}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 \tab 
Kim further contends that the failure of consideration defense raised by Hong fails because the hand written document and check were given by Hong in satisfaction of an antecedent debt.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Appellant cites 13 GCA }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135  3408 in support of the contention that }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
no consideration is necessary for an instrument or obligation thereon given in payment of or as security for an antecedent obligation of any kind.}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 However, this argument underscores the fact that summary judgment was not proper in this case.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
There are serious factual disputes as to whether the promissory note and check were in payment of a prior debt.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
Kim swears that Hong was paying back a debt; Hong attests that Kim was investing the money in a Korean money club.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 This is at the very heart of the dispute.}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{
\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 It is the factfinder}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
s duty to determine who is telling the truth.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 CONCLUSION}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 [19]}{\f0\insrsid3176135  }{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Superior Court is REVERSED.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 JANET HEALY WEEKS,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 Associate Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 JOSE LEON GUERRERO,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par Associate Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\b\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 PETER C. SIGUENZA,}{\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par Chief Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3176135 {\f0\insrsid5572764\charrsid3176135 _______________}{\f0\insrsid3176135 
\par }}