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\b\fs18\insrsid6115689 \tab Taisipic vs. Parole Board & DOC, 1996 Guam 9, (Opinion)
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 
\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 IN THE SUPREME COURT
\par TERRITORY OF GUAM
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 GEORGE D. TAISIPIC}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par Appellee,}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 vs.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 FRANCISCO L. MARION,
\par Chairman; ROY S. TAIJERON,
\par Member; JOSE Q. SALAS, Member
\par MAXINE CHARFAUROS, Member;
\par MICHAEL P. QUINATA, Chief
\par Parole Officer; ROBERT D.
\par CAMACHO, Parole Officer III;
\par MARIA C. CRUZ, Parole Officer
\par I; TERRITORIAL PAROLE BOARD;
\par and EDUARDO C. BITANGA,
\par Director, Department of}{\b\f0\insrsid9636329  }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Corrections,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par Appellants.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Civil Case No. CVA96-008
\par {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}Filed:}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 December 13, 1996
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid9636329 Cite as:}{\b\f0\insrsid12913733\charrsid9636329  }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid9636329 1996 Guam 9
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and Submitted 26 November 1996
\par Agana, Guam
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Appearing for the Appellant}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par MARIA G. FITZPATRICK
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Suite 2-200E, Judicial Center Bldg.
\par 120 West O}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Brien Drive
\par Agana, Guam 96910
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Appearing for the Appellee}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par DANIEL J. BERMAN, Esquire
\par Law Office of Berman & Berman
\par Suite 502, Bank of Guam Bldg.
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa 
\par Agana, Guam 96932}{\f0\insrsid12913733 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 ____________________}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\f0\insrsid9636329\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 OPINION}{\f0\insrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid12913733 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 BEFORE: PETER C. SIGUENZA, Chief Justice, JANET HEALY WEEKS, and MONESSA G. LUJAN, Associate Justices.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid9636329 WEEKS, J.:
\par }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [1]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellants, the Territorial Parole Board, its individual members, various parole officers, and the Direct
or of the Department of Corrections, appeal from an order of the Superior Court, the Honorable Benjamin J.F. Cruz presiding, placing Appellee Taisipic into the Parole Release and Enhancement Plan and Reintegration Activities (}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 PREPARA}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 ) Program}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 pursuant}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 to Taisipic}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s petition for writ of habeas corpus.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Appellants contend that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s order is erroneous as a grant of habeas corpus relief, and that the order usurps the authority of the Territorial Parole Board in violation of the separation of powers doctrine.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
We agree with Appellants and reverse the order of the Superior Court.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9636329 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 BACKGROUND}{\b\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid9636329\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [2]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellee Taisipic has been incarcer
ated since 1985 for a number of crimes including second and third degree robbery, possession and use of a deadly weapon during the commission of a felony, criminal sexual conduct, theft of a motor vehicle, aggravated arson, third degree aggravated assau
lt, second degree armed robbery, third degree criminal mischief, and misdemeanor assault.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Taisipic pled guilty to all of these crimes, and was originally given a fifty (50) year sentence.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 He served the first few years of this sentence in a federal prison in Phoenix Arizona.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [3]\tab }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s sentence was reduced twice by the Superior Court.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 On 17 July 1988 the Superior Court reduced Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s sentence from fifty (50) years to thirty five (35) years because it had been determined on appeal that Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s consecutive sentences should have been concurrent sentences.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
On 8 February 1989 Superior Court Judge Benjamin J.F. Cruz issued a Decision and Order which further reduced Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s sentence from thirty five (35) years to thirteen (13) years, because, according to Judge Cruz, }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}
}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 in comparison to his co-defendants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  sentences, Taisipic}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s sentence was unduly harsh.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [4]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In January of 1990 Taisipic was returned to the federal prison in Phoenix because he had assaulted a guard at the Department of Corrections (}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 D.O.C.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 ).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The following year he was tried before a jury in Superior Court for aggravated as
sault and found guilty of the lesser included offense of assault.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 For the assault conviction, Judge Cruz, on 20 September 1991, sentenced Taisipic to one (1) year in D.O.C. less credit for four 
months of pretrial confinement.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s sentence ended up totaling thirteen (13) years and eight (8) months.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 He was returned to prison off-island the next month.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [5]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab On 29 November 1994, Taisipic attended his first parole desirability hearing on Guam.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The Territorial Parole Board denied parole, and Taisipic was returned off-island.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [6]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s next parole desirability hearing was scheduled for 25 January 1996, approximately two months past the maximum one year interval between hearings as provided by 9 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.72(b).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Taisipic attended the January hearing with his attorney, David Lujan.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 At the hearing, Lujan requested that Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s hearing be rescheduled until the next time the parole board was to convene.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The board granted Lujan}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s request and rescheduled the hearing for 29 February 1996.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [7]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Taisipic attended the February hearing, again with his attorney, David Lujan.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
At the February hearing, Lujan informed the board that both Lujan and his client Taisipic desired that the hearing be again tabled until the next parole board meeting.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The board again granted the request and rescheduled the hearing for 28 March 1996.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7040590\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [8]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s second parole hearing was finally held on 28 March 1996.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 At the hearing the board denied parole and scheduled Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole hearing for 27 March 1997, exactly one year later.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [9]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In May of 1996, Taisipic filed with the Superior Court a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, requesting release from
 confinement because his second parole desirability hearing was not held within one year of his first hearing as required by }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.72(b).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 His petition also requested }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 such other different relief as this Court deem [sic] just and proper as justice so requires.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [10]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab The Superior Court, Judge Cruz presiding, held a hearing on Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s petition for a writ of habeas corpus on 16 August 1996.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 At the hearing, Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s attorney, this time Daniel J. Berman, orally requested that Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 next parole desirability hearing be set for 28 November 1996 instead of 27 March.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The November date would be one year from when Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s second parole hearing would have taken place had it been timely.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Berman also requested that the Parole Officer assigned to Taisipic}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s case prepare Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s application for the Parole Release Enhancement Plan and Reintegration Activities (}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 PREPARA}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 ) Program.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In the PREPARA Program, parole offenders spend a period of time living in a parole residence facility or }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Halfway House}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  prior to being fully released on parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Program is intended to provide inmates convicted of violent crimes who are deter
mined by the parole board to be good candidates for parole with a transition period prior to being released into the community.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [11]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab During this first habeas corpus hearing, the court recessed to allow the parties to discuss Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s request for a PREPARA application.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 When the hearing resumed, the Government, through Assis
tant Attorney General Eric A. Heisel, and through parole officer Bob Camacho, stated that the Government would prepare an application for Taisipic for PREPARA and that the parole board would accept the application for consideration.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  
}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 According to Heisel, however, the Government would not agree to move up the date of Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole hearing.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [12]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab The court held further proceedings on the habeas corpus petition on 6 September 1996.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
At the 6 September hearing, Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s attorney Berman informed the Judge that, following the previous habeas corpus hearing, Berman and the Attorney General}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office had arrived at an agreement.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 According to Berman, the Attorney General}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office had agreed to the following:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\f0\insrsid7040590 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (1) the Government would make efforts to complete and enroll Taisipic in PREPARA;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\f0\insrsid7040590 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (2) the Government would schedule a hearing before the parole board to address moving up the date of Taisipic}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole desirability hearing;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\f0\insrsid7040590 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (3) the AG}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office would have no objection to the advancement of Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole hearing date by two (2) months from March of 1997 to January of 1997;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\f0\insrsid7040590 
\par }\pard \qj \li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (4) the Government agreed to allow Taisipic and Berman to argue to the parole board to advance Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole hearing an additional two (2) months to November of 1996, and that the Attorney General}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office would not oppose them in this argument before the board.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid7040590 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Berman then stated that he was in fact allowed to make his desired argument to the parole board unopposed by the AG}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The board, however, granted only a two (2) month advancement of the parole hearing date to 24 January 1997, rather than the full four (4) month advancement Berman had requested.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [13]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Berman told Judge Cruz that, as far as Berman was concerned, the Attorney General}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office had fulfilled their part of the agreement as he understood it.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Berman added, however, that he was in disagreement with his client Taisipic as to the terms of the agreement.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 According to Berman, his client Taisipic was under the impression that
 the Government had already agreed to a four month advancement of his parole hearing date, and that the Government had also agreed not just to submit his application for PREPARA, but to actually accept Taisipic into the program.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Berman stated that he may have been unclear in relating to his client that the Government was only agreeing to make efforts to complete and submit an application for Taisipic.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [14]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Having ascertained his client}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s understanding of the agreement, Berman abandoned the agreement with the Attorney General}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office and presented to Judge Cruz three requests for relief: (1) to order Taisipic into the PREPARA Program; (2) to order Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s parole hearing date advanced to 28 November 1996; and (3) to grant Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s petition for writ of habeas corpus and release Taisipic because his due process rights were violated by the delayed second parole hearing.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [15]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab At the 6 September 1996 habeas corpus hearing, the court also received testimony from another parole officer, James Moylan.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Judge Cruz asked Moylan if the parole board had taken any action yet on Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s PREPARA application.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Moylan explained that Taisipic must first be granted parole by the board before he can be accepted into the program and that that determination would have to be made at Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s next parole desirability hearing on 24 January 1997.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 At the January hear
ing, according to Moylan, the board would determine whether to grant full parole, deny any parole, or grant parole into the PREPARA Program.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [16]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Further proceedings on this matter continued on 13 September 1996.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
At this final hearing, Judge Cruz ordered that Taisipic be placed immediately into the PREPARA Program.}{\cs15\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs15\fs22\super\insrsid6115689 \chftn }{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 The written Order, filed on 1 October 1996 contains the following language: }{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 
That the Petitioner, George D. Taisipic, without being placed on parole, be placed, immediately, into the Parole Release and Enhancement Plan and Reintegration Activities (}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 PREPARA}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 
) as administered by the Department of Corrections and Territorial Parole Board.}{\f0\fs20\insrsid6115689 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 10}{\fldrslt\f36\fs20}}}{\b\fs20\insrsid6115689 
  Throughout the record, PREPARA is described as a program only open to paroled offenders.  Nonetheless, the Order seems to contemplate placement of Taisipic into the program without a grant of parole.}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par [17]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellants filed a timely notice of appeal of the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Order on 16 September 1996.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [18]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  application to the Superior Court for a stay of the Order was denied on 18 September 1996.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Emergency Motion to this Court for a stay of the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Order Pending Appeal was granted on 20 September 1996.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 DISCUSSION}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid7040590\charrsid7040590 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [19]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellants advance four arguments on appeal.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
First, Appellants argue that, by releasing Appellee Taisipic into a post-parole program prior to a grant of parole by the Territorial Parole Board, the Superior Court exceeded its authority under Guam stat
utory law, and in violation of the doctrine of separation of powers.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Second, Appellants argue that Appellee Taisipic is not entitled to habeas corpus relief due to the delay of his second parole hearing.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Third, Appellants argue that Appellee Taisipic doe
s not have a constitutional right to be entered into a work release program.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Fourth, Appellants argue that Appellee Taisipic should be bound by the agreements and actions of his attorneys, which should have had the effect of settling Appellee}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 petition for writ of habeas corpus.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
We find Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  first two arguments persuasive.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Accordingly, we need not consider Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 arguments three and four.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7040590 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 I.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid7040590\charrsid7040590 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [20]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  first contention is that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s Order is not authorized under Guam law, and that it violates the doctrine of separation of powers.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 We agree.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [21]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Title 9, Chapter 80 of the Guam Code Annotated defines the authority and func
tions of the Territorial Parole Board, of the Department of Corrections, and of the court relative to the disposition of offenders on Guam.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Upon conviction of an offense, it is the function of the court to impose a sentence.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.10.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In determining the sentence to impose, the
 court has a variety of options, including, but not limited to, imprisonment, fines, community service, and rehabilitative programs.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Id..}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Depending upon the offense, the court may be required to impose a sentence of imprisonment within certain guidelines as to duration. See e.g., 9 G.C.A }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.30.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [22]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab At the time of sentencing, the court in its discretion may extend the physical limits of an offender}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s confinement for such purposes as employment or education of the offender.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A. }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.48(a).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
After the offender has been sentenced by the court, however, the decision to extend the limits of his confinement lies with the Director of Corrections. Id.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The court is only authorized to revoke the extension }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
if the limits of confinement were originally extended by the court.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
9 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.48(c).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
In the event that the limits of confinement were extended by the Director of Corrections, then the Director may revoke the extension.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Id.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [23]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab An offender becomes eligible for parole upon completion of two-thirds (2/3) of his sentence.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A. }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.70.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Once an offender becomes eligible for parole, the Territorial Parole Board is authorized to grant or deny parole to the offender according to certain specified review standards.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A. }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.76.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Terri
torial Parole Board may also impose conditions upon grants of parole, and may revoke parole if these conditions are violated.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.80.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 One such condi
tion is that the paroled offender reside in a parole residence facility, commonly referred to as a }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Halfway House.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 9 G.C.A. }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.80(a)(6).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [24]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab The PREPARA Program, into which the Superior Court ordered Appellee Taisipic, was established as a program available to the Territorial Parole Board to be impo
sed as a parole condition pursuant to 9 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.80(a)(6).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The policy statement with regard to PREPARA, issued by the Department of Corrections, cites }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  80.80(a)(6) as the program}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s statutory basis.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Dep}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
t. Corr. Gen. Order No. 88-002, p.1 (Oct. 14, 1988).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 According to testimony before the Superior Court from parole officers and from the Attorney General}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Office, participation in}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
PREPARA is a condition of parole, and, as such, is only open to offenders who have been granted parole.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [25]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab 
From the above cited provisions of Title 9, it is clear that, with regard to persons convicted of crimes on Guam, the functions of the Territorial Parole Board, of the Department of Corrections, and of the courts have been speci
fically delineated by the Legislature.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Neither the Department of Corrections, nor the Territorial Parole Board have the power to impose a sentence of any kind upon a person con
victed of violating the laws of Guam.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Such a function has been properly entrusted to the Judicial Branch.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Conversely, regardless of the substantial involvement of the Judicial Branch in most phases of an offender}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s progression through the criminal justice system, the courts of Guam are without the power to grant or deny parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
That power has been vested in the Territorial Parole Board of the Executive Branch.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Thus, in the instant case, the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s order placing Appellee Taisipic in
to a parole program, without a grant of parole from the Territorial Parole Board, encroaches upon the function of the Parole Board in violation of Guam law.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [26]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In addition, as Appellant correctly points out, to allow the courts of Guam to grant or deny}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
parole would be inconsistent with the doctrine of separation of powers as embodied in the Organic Act of Guam, 48 U.S.C. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  1421 et seq.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Organic Act of Guam is Guam}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Constitution.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Bordallo v. Baldwin}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 624 F.2d 932, 934 (1980).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Organic Act specifically provides that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [t]he
 government of Guam shall consist of three branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial ... .}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 48 U.S.C. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 1421(a). By its very language, therefore, the Organic Act requires application of the constitutional doctrine of separation of powers to government of Guam functions.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 People v. Camacho}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 1 Guam R. 501, 506 (1975).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [27]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Through strict adherence to the doctrine of separation of powers, courts throughout the Unite
d States have sought to protect the legislative and executive branches of government from judicial interference.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
This is true of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Circuit Courts of Appeal, and the Federal District Courts.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 See e.g., }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Green v. Frazier}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 253 U.S. 233, 40 S.Ct. 499 (1920); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Dakota C.Tel. Co. v. South Dakota,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  250 U.S. 163, 39 S.Ct. 507 (1919);}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 City of New Orleans v. Paine}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 147 U.S. 261, 13 S.Ct. 303 (1893); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Ainsworth v. Barn Ballroom Co.,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 157 F.2d 97 (4}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1946) }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Jones v. United States Bureau of Prisons,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  903 F.2d 1178 (8}{
\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1990); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 de la Cova y Gonzalez Abreu v. United States}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
, 611 F.Supp. 137(D.C. Puerto Rico 1985).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [28]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Green v. Frazier}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , the United States Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of 
certain South Dakota tax laws.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The Court upheld the legislation holding that courts should not concern themselves with the wisdom of legislation, and that courts have no general supervisory authority over other departments of government.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Green, 253 U.S. at 240.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Likewise, in }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 City of New Orleans v. Paine,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 the United States Supreme Court refused to enjoin certain actions of the Secretary of the Interior over matters within the authority of the land department.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Court held that }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 the judicial power will not interpose by man
damus or injunction to limit or direct the action of departmental officers in respect to pending matters within their jurisdiction and control.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  City of New Orleans, 147 U.S. at 268.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [29]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Even when misuse of power by a government official has been identified, courts remain unwilling to invade the functions of the other branches.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Dakota C.Tel. Co. v. South Dakota}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , the Supreme Court rejected an attack upon the actions of the President in taking over South Da
kota telephone and telegraph lines during wartime.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Court held that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 the judicial may not invade the legislative or executive departments so as to correct alleged mistakes or wrongs arising from asserted abuse of discretion.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Dakota C.Tel. Co., 250 U.S. at 184.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, in }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Ainsworth v. Barn Ballroom Co.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , reached this same conclu
sion with regard to an official Military Order, the enforcement of which had been enjoined by a Federal}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 District Court.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Citing Dakota C.Tel. Co., the Fourth Circuit reversed the injunction allowing enforcement of the Military Order.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Ainsworth, 157 F.2d at 100.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [30]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In the area of parole determinations, courts have adhered}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
to the doctrine of separation of powers by refusing to perform the functions of a parole board.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Jones v. United States Bureau of Prisons,}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals held as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 While it is correct that the Com
mission failed to comply with federal regulations by failing to give Jones a parole hearing on the record in 1981, neither the }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [d]istrict [c]ourt nor this [c]ourt has the right to correct the mistake by ordering the petitioner released.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The most we can do is require the Parole Board to give the petitioner a fair hearing in accordance with its rules and regulations at the earliest possible date.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Jones, 903 F.2d at 1181 (citing }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Burton v. Ciccone,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  484 F.2d 1322, 1323 (8}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1973)).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Similarly, in }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 de la Cova y Gonzalez Abreu v. United States,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico held that it lacked the authority to order an offender released on parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In so holding, the court reasoned that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Congress, in the proper discharge of its legislative func
tions, vested in the Parole Board and not in the courts the power and discretion to grant or deny parole.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 de la Cova y Gonzalez Abreu, 611 F.Supp. at 141.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par [31]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Like the federal courts cited above, state courts have also been concerned with preventing overreaching by the Judiciary.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In }{
\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Parkinson v. Watson}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
, 291 P.2d 400 (Utah 1955), the Supreme Court of Utah considered legislation that allowed for representation in the state Legislature disproportionate to the number of residents of each district.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The court upheld the legislation, refusing to disturb the balance of power which, according to the court, }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 has contributed greatly to the success of our system of government and to the strength of the judiciary itself.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Parkinson, 291 P.2d at 403.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [32]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab The Supreme Court of California has been equally mindful of the separation of powers doctrine in cases involving parole determinations.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 For example, in In re Walker, 10 Cal.3d 764 (Cal. 1974) the}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 court held that a pr
isoner was entitled to have the words without the possibility of parole deleted from his sentence, but refused to decide whether the prisoner should be granted parole because the parole power in California is vested in the Adult Authority and not in the c
ourts.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In re Walker, 10 Cal.3d at 790.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 See also, In re Bowers, 40 Cal.App.3d 359, 362 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1974).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [33]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab We agree with the reasoning of the federal and state court opinions cited above, and conclude that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Order placing Appellee Taisipic into the PREPARA Program is inconsis
tent with the Organic Act in that it impermissibly encroaches upon the powers of the Territorial Parole Board to grant or deny parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Furthermore, the Order usurps the power of the Guam Legislature, which vested authority over parole determinations in the Parole Board and not in the courts.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The following statement from the Supreme Court of Florida is particularly persuasive:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 T
he Courts have been diligent in striking down acts of the Legislature which encroached upon the Judicial or the Executive Departments of the Government.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
They have been firm in preventing the encroachment by the Executive Department upon the Legislative or Judicial Departments of Government.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The Courts should be just as diligent, indeed, more so, to safeguard the powers vested in the Legislative from encroachment by the Judicial branch of Government.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Pepper v. Pepper}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 66 So.2d 280, 284 (Florida 1953).
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid394552 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 II.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid394552 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [34]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab We are also persuaded by Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  second argument that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s Order placing Appellee Taisipic into the PREPARA Program is invalid as a habeas corpus remedy.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [35]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Guam}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s habeas corpus statute, 8 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 135.38 entitles an offender to be discharged from confinement by Guam courts if the process pursuant to which he is held is in some manner defective.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }{\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li432\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  135.38.}{
\b\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 When Defendant May be Discharged if Held Under Process From Guam Courts.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 If it appears 
on the return of the writ that the prisoner is in custody by virtue of process from any court of this Territory, or judge or officer thereof, such prisoner may be discharged in any of the following cases, subject to the restrictions of 135.36:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (a) When the jurisdiction of such courts or officer has been exceeded;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
(b) When the imprisonment was at first lawful, yet by some act, omission, or event which has taken place afterwards, the party has become entitled to a discharge;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (c) When the process is defective in some matter of substance required by law, rendering such process void;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (d) When the process, though proper in form, has been issued in a case not allowed by law;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (e) When the person having the custody of the prisoner is not the person allowed by law to detain him;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (f) Where the process is not authorized by any order, judgment, or decree of any court, nor by any provision of law;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li864\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 (g) Where a party has been committed on a criminal charge without reasonable or probable cause.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [36]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellee Taisipic claims that because his second parole hearing was four months late, he is entitled to be discharged on the basis of subsections (b) and (c) of }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  135.38.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
There appears to be no authority for this proposition in any federal jurisdiction, or in California, the source of}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Guam}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s habeas corpus statutes.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [37]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab F
ederal circuit courts confronted with this type of habeas corpus petition have consistently held that a delay in a parole hearing does not entitle the petitioner to release absent a showing of prejudice as a result of the delay.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 This was precisely the holding in each of the following cases:}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Clifton v. Attorney General of State of California,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 997 F.2d 660 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1993);}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Poyner v. U.S. Parole Commission,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 878 F.2d 275, 276 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1989); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Heath v. U.S. Parole Commission,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  788 F.2d 85 (2}{
\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 nd}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1986); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Goodman v. Keohane}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 663 F.2d 1044, 1046 (11}{
\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1981); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Beck v. Wilkes,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  589 F.2d 901 (5}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1979);}{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Smith v. United States}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 577 F.2d 1025, 1027 (5}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1978).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [38]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab In }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Beck v. Wilkes,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  the Fifth Circuit held that a thirteen (13) month delay between the e
xecution of the petitioner}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s parole revocation warrant and his final revocation hearing did not entitle the petitioner to habeas corpus relief.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The court reasoned that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
[w]hatever the applicable time limitation, ... this circuit requires a showing of both unreasonable delay and prejudice before a person is entitled to release because of a delay in obtaining a final hearing.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Beck, 589 F.2d at 903.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Likewise, in }{
\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Heath v. U.S. Parole Commission}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , a detainer warrant was filed against a paroled offender who had committed robbery while on parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The offender filed a habeas corpus petition because of a delay in the dispositional review of the detainer.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The Second Cir
cuit held that even assuming the dispositional review was untimely, habeas corpus relief requires a showing of prejudice or bad faith.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Heath, 788 F.2d at 89. 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [39]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab There is no indication in Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s petition for writ of habeas corpus or anywhere else in the record that Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s second parole hearing was unreasonably delayed, delayed in bad faith, or that Taisipic suffered prejudice of any kind as a result of the delay.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Furthermore, Taisipic did in fact receive his second hearing on 28 March 1996, at which hearing Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s parole request was denied for the second time.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
A case from the Eighth Circuit addressed this issue in the context of a much more egregious delay of a parole hearing.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In Jones v. U.S. Bureau of Prisons, 903 F.2d 1178 (8}{
\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1990), the habeas corpus petitioner, Jones, was not given his initial parole hearing until six years after he became eligible for parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The delay was in violation of a federal statute that required a parole hearing at least ninety (90) days prior to Jones}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  eligibility date, or as soon thereafter as practicable.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 When Jones finally received his hearing, the Commission denied parole.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In affirming the dismissal of Jones}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 petition, the Eighth Circuit held that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
[a]lthough Jones did not receive a parole hearing within the time limit required by federal law, we hold that he is not entitled to habeas relief because he did eventually receive a hearing.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Jones, 903 F.2d at 1179.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [40]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab California courts also refuse to grant}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 habeas corpus relief based on non-compli
ance with parole hearing scheduling requirements.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 For example, In re Bowers, 40 Cal.App.3d 359 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1974), 
was a habeas corpus proceeding by a petitioner who had his parole revoked without ever being afforded the required in-community prerevocation hearing.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
The trial court granted habeas corpus relief and released the petitioner from prison.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The California Court of Appeal held that the trial court went too far in releasing the petitioner.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 The court held that }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
the proper function of the courts in respect to parole and revocation of parole is simply to ensure that the prisoner is accorded due process.}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Bowers, 40 Cal.App.3d at 362.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [41]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab We reject Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s claim that he is entitled, if not to full release, then to be placed in the PREPARA Program due to the violation of his liberty interest in being considered for parole.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s claim that he has a liberty interest in being con
sidered for parole is supported by a number of cases, including at least three from the Ninth Circuit.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Bermudez v. Duenas,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  936 F.2d 1064 (9}{
\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1991); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Kelly v. Risley}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 865 F.2d 201 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1989); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Board of Pardons v. Allen,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  107 S.Ct 2415 (1987); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Parker v. Corrothers}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 750 F.2d 653 (8}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1984); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Bowles v. Tennant,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 613 F.2d 776 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1980); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Greenholtz v. Inmates of Nebraska Penal & Correctional Complex}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
, 99 S.Ct. 2100 (1979); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Christopher v. U.S. Board of Parole,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  589 F.2d 924 (7}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1978).}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Not one of these cases, however, involves the release of an offender or the ordering of an offender into a parole program of any kind.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [42]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Instead, the appropriate remedy for denial or delay of a parole hearing is an order directing that the hearing be given.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Clifton v. Attorney General of California}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 997 F.2d 660 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1993); }{
\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Kelly v. Risley,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  865 F.2d 201 (9}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1989) (re
manding matter to Montana Parole Board with orders to provide annual review of Board}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s parole decision); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Heath v. U.S. Parole Commision, }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 788 F.2d 85 (2}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 nd}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 Cir. 1986) (holding that appropriate remedy for untimely dispositional review on the part of the Commission is a writ of mandamus to compel compliance); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Jones v. Bureau of Prisons}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 , 903 F.2d 1178 (8}{\f0\super\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 th}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  Cir. 1990); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 de la Cova y Gonzalez Abreu v. United States,}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  611 F.Supp. 137 (D.C. Puerto Rico 1985) (holding that the only remedy is to order the board to correct abuses); }{\i\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In Re Bowers}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
, 40 Cal.App.3d 359 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1974).
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [43]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Appellee Taisipic advances a variety of additional arguments in support of the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Order, none of which deserve serious consideration.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 First, we decline Taisipic}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s invitation to ignore the wealth of case law cited above on the subject of parole functions.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 While we agree with Taisipic that this Court is free to approach its decisions without regard to the approaches of other jurisdictions, we will not sacri
fice sound and considered reasoning in order to affirm our independence.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [44]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab We also refuse Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s request that this Court ignore errors of law in the Superior Court, and consider only whether the Superior Court properly exercised jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
As Taisipic himself points out, this type of limited review is generally applied in the absence of a statute specifically authorizing habeas corpus appeals.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
See e.g., Ex Parte Maro, 248 P.2d 135 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1952); In re Larabee, 21 P.2d 132 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1933).}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Such a statute exists on Guam.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 8 G.C.A. }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 39 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733  135.74.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [45]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab Finally, we reject Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s argument that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s Order should be affirmed as a means of enforcing Appellants}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
 promise to enroll Taisipic into the PREPARA Program.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 There is no indication anywhere in the record that any Government official ever made such a promise to Appellee Taisipic.}{
\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 In fact, Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
s own counsel stated on the record before the Superior Court that, based on his own understanding of Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s agreement with the Government, the Government was only obligated to help Taisipic apply for acceptance into the program.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [46]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab We hold, therefore, that the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s Order of Taisipic into the PREPARA Program is inappropriate as a habeas corpus remedy. Taisipic has already been given his second parole hearing.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
While Taisipic may have suffered a violation of his rights in the delay of his second hearing, in view of the fact that the hearing has already taken place, he is no longer in need of a remedy.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
Even assuming that, based upon the delay of his second hearing, he is in need of relief from the fa
ct that his next hearing will be two months later than it would have been had his second hearing been timely, then the appropriate remedy would be an order directing that his next hearing be held immediately. Taisipic, however, did not request such an ord
er in his petition for habeas corpus.}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Furthermore, because Taisipic}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 s third hearing is already scheduled for next month, such an order is at this point unnecessary.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid394552 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 CONCLUSION}{\b\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 [47]}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 \tab For the foregoing reasons, the Order of the Superior Court placing Appellee Taisipic into the PREPARA Program is REVERSED.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }{\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qj \fi432\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 Dated:}{\f0\insrsid12913733  }{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 13 December 1996.}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 JANET HEALY WEEKS,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par Associate Justice}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 MONESSA G. LUJAN,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par Associate Justice}{\f0\insrsid6115689 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid394552\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\b\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 PETER C. SIGUENZA,}{\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par Chief Justice
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12913733 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid394552 {\f0\insrsid6115689\charrsid12913733 ______________
\par }}