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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797602 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3818813 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797602 \chftnsepc 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797602 \chftnsep 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797602 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3214540\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15799851  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10490847 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15799851 
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 [APPELLATE JURISDICTION]
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6365279\charrsid10490847 CIVIL PETITION NO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 . CBV 00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847  of 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par [Court of Appeal No. ABU 00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847  of 2018]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2127\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 COURTS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847  (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 DHIMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15403702\charrsid10490847 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847  PATEL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-846\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-846\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 The Hon. Justice Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7342938\charrsid10490847 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 Justice Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7342938\charrsid10490847 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-705\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-705\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 The Hon. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1665115\charrsid10490847 Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7342938\charrsid10490847 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499845\charrsid10490847 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497892\charrsid10490847 R.R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499845\charrsid10490847 Gordon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 for the Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499845\charrsid10490847 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14967766\charrsid10490847 E. Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12601575\charrsid10490847 o}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497892\charrsid10490847 pa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 for the Respondent
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544515\charrsid10490847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5208829\charrsid10490847 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847  April 2024 
\par Date of Judgment: 26 April 2024
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1710451\charrsid10490847 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1710451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\ul\insrsid1710451\charrsid9718567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3867139 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3867139 Gates, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1710451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4214826 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12257648\charrsid12257648 Introduction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12257648 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10497892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4550340 [1]\tab This case is concerned with whether a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497892 litigant can bring a civil action based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 on a breach of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2192466  a p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15817968 rovisio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2192466 n in Part 2 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14967766 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497892 Health and Safety at Work Act 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8126818 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12598125 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3688382 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 eti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1060521 tioner ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 s the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142644 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 to resolve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15737745 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9243333 conflict in the existing decisions of the High Court as to whether Section 15 of the Act exclu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14967766 des }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243333 
such an action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4214826 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12257648\charrsid12257648 Facts
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12257648\charrsid12257648 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15886025 [2]\tab On 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid15886025\charrsid15886025 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15886025 
 of December 2012 at around 3pm the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15886025 espondent [original }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 laintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15886025 ] Mr. Dhimant Patel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 entered the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 etitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 s Mega Sto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9010556 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 e at Votualevu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487560 , Nadi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid857213 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7355533  was then a retired person age}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763585 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7355533 
 62. He went in to purchase a gift for his 6 month old grandson. It was to be a baby walker. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15886025 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342938 [3]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12543556 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160  was familiar with the store and said he had been inside many times before.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4550340 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 [4]\tab Upon entering he}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648  turned to the right and headed to the escalator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909277 
He did not approach it from the front but from its left hand side. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 As he approached he fell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648 into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 void\'94. From }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 hole he had to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1328039 lifted out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648  by staff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1328039 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257648 
 the store. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9011083 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11481567  suffered pain, injuries and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498  fractures of the left }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678 fibular }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 and the right }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid9908678\charrsid9908678 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 rib. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678 ankle fracture was treated in a c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 ast. He was on crutches for many weeks. He suffered pain }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11481567 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498  the outer side of the left}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 ankle and had cramps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3420106 over the calf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678  mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2239849 scles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 . He could not stand for long }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908678 periods. Mr. E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13638498 .D. Taloga, a Specialist }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16407267 Orthopaedic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9643133  Surgeon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3420106 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9643133  in his report [10.11.2016] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861100 compiled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7821036 
at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861100 request}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7821036  of the petitioner\rquote s lawyer, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9643133 stated that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2239849 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid11236064\charrsid7161526 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-86\li1526\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1526\itap0\pararsid15613085 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2239849\charrsid15613085 \'93The ankle fracture has healed well }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3420106\charrsid15613085 without}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2239849\charrsid15613085  any abnormal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085  radiological findings and I do no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12862207\charrsid15613085 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3368839\charrsid15613085 envisage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085  any future }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12862207\charrsid15613085 treatment will be required for th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14619528\charrsid15613085 injury}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085 . There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6387427\charrsid15613085 is no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14619528\charrsid15613085 rateable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085 
 permanent impairment as a result of the injur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3542108 ies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11236064\charrsid15613085  sustained by Mr. Patel.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14619528\charrsid15613085 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619528 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14619528\charrsid15613085 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3754973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11485073 [5]\tab This void that he had fallen }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4932245 into was a hole, sometimes referred to as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5927575  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1138661 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5927575 pit or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4932245  manhole. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15169262 Presumably i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3754973 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15169262  provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3754973  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13970891 an access }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8716528 point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13970891 for maintenance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13066731  and repair work on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3754973  the escalator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061  From the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4083522\charrsid15336142 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8924061\charrsid15336142 ourts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15736802\charrsid15336142 Internal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15736802\charrsid7608050  Incident Report }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4083522\charrsid7608050 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8924061\charrsid7608050 orm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036782  completed by one Mr. Sa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9926272 rn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3036782 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061  Chand on the same day as the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15736148 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5593423 the hole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061 
 appears}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1731114  in his rough sketch plan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161497 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8924061 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161497 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15736148  rectangular in shape }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12208401 extending the width of the steps of the escalator and of similar dimensions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6565279  at the top}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12208401 
 to one of the steps. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13375923 
\par 
\par [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15336142 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056267  said \'93it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3672293 fairly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056267  deep, and w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid335471 hen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10056267  I fell into it, I hit steel structures:\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827900 A fellow shopper lent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056267  him her phone and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid274053 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1586241 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10056267  called his wife. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11614803 An ambulance was arranged and he was taken to Dr. Raju\rquote s clinic. There he had an injection to relieve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671966 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11614803 extreme pain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771602  he was experiencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1731114 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11614803  and x-rays were taken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786478  Dr. Joeli Mar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786478 ko, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1731114 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid204193 urgeon from Lautoka Hospital,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786478  came regularly to Nadi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid204193  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786478 He examined and treated }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8135501 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13786478  and put a cast on his ankle. This was kept on for 3 to 4 months, and Mr. Patel used crutches}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16384657  during that time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13786478 .
\par 
\par [7]\tab Dr. Raju gave a report on 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid13786478\charrsid13786478 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786478  of June, 2013. He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3091244  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14484903 summarised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3091244  the positi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13373081 
on 6 months after the incident:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16059160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid13373081\charrsid7161526 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12130555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081\charrsid8404187 \'93Dr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15613085 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081\charrsid8404187  Mareko and myself have treated him 
since and followed up closely on a number of occasions. He had full cast applied to his left leg that was removed in March this year. An ankle crepe support bandage was recommended to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12130555\charrsid8404187 worn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081\charrsid8404187  after the cast was removed. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12130555\charrsid8404187 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081\charrsid8404187 Dhimant has recovered well but he still gets pain and discomfort on prolonged walking or standing. He also gets occasional pain at the r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12130555\charrsid8404187 egion of the left chest injury.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13373081\charrsid8404187 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12408503\charrsid144677 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10381415\charrsid10381415 Missing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5970074 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10381415\charrsid10381415 arts of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10381415 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10381415\charrsid10381415 ourt Transcript 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10381415\charrsid144677 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318194 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12408503 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6317902 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12408503 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13318194 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612302 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13318194  through his counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612302 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13318194  called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15680677 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13318194  witnesses at the trial to establish his case. The petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11689488 as defendant called one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13318194  witness. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid288858 
The Court record includes the evidence of Mr. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8783729  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8783729 
laintiff] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9197083 and Ms. Esther Tu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid877570 ravita, a fellow visitor to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9197083 
 store that day. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid861718 However, the transcript does not include the evidence of Dr. Ram Raju, who attended his patient Mr. Patel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9438634 
in the ambulance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16601842 and brought him to his surgery. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776077 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16601842 
 also omits the evidence of Ms. Sereana Siluwale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13250761 , an officer from the Labour }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15877047 Department}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13250761 . Mr. Sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8937867 rnit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13250761  Chand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1245660 
for the petitioner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15877047 had given evidence, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7036220 that too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15877047 
 is not in the transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9919911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid288858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244765 [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1987392 The Court ordered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3494595 
a search for a tape of this part of the evidence which appears }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid205798 to have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9658466  given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid205798  on D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16728597 ay 2 of the trial. The old recordings could not be found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12398771 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7436556 his was the outcome }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8018086 even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7436556 after other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2975963 computers in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8522095 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975963 ranscription Unit at Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15753635 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755373  been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3157422 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975963 earched by IT Section. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105809 
\par [10]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085612 The lack of this evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4538778 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4664481 a situation which }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085612 exis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6633785 ted at the time the hearing took}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085612 
 place before the Court of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7668757 Neither counsel for the parties appear to have raised this omission in the record prior to the appeal below or in the appeal before us. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 Our attention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13503770 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 as not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13503770 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 brought to the omission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8717220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959 But f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405476 rom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605  the arguments raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605  and points made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 
 on the evidence we can conclude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 the loss of it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959 h}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605 as not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16411959  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9193605  material to this appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4402969 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1732506 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4402969 [11]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9974600 We have Dr. Raju\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13894163 s report. His evidence has not impacted on the appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3041102 point}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6633785 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3041102  argued. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674121 Ms. Sereana Siluwale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3478057 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835406 for the Labour Department}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3478057 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835406  gave evidence and produce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6633785 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835406  a preliminary report prepared }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3942523 by another officer. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7080458 The judge noted that the report had not been signed, and the maker of the report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805236  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7080458  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805236 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7080458 called }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805236 as a witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518783 to prove its contents. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1732506 The judge concluded \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16056862 The officer (who) came to Court in this regard was not privy to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid135667 contents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16056862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid135667 thereof or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16056862  a part to the investigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9193605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8940347 Thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6633785 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8940347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15365167 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8940347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15365167 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8940347 
 and the prepared report had to be disregarded.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361850 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13719557 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14682235 
etitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8478222 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14682235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9119469 
counsel incorrectly sought to rely on the Labour Department }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8478222 Report }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid544989 in his written submissions to us. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8478222 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid544989 eport could not go in because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13573241 he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3478057 himself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13573241 objected to it at trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11668229 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9908568 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11668229 eport}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13703521 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11668229  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14122209 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361850 evidence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14122209  Labour Department }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9908568 witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14122209 who attended the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13703521 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14122209 
 both had to be disregarded. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105809 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9594568 
\par [12]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11748354 The only evidence quot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7690163 ed and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11748354 relied}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7690163  on by the judge [page 17 of his judgment] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6373459 from the defence witness Sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8207270 rnit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6373459  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14378430 hand arose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6373459  as follows:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid6373459\charrsid144677 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11272461 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459 \'93e.\tab 
Had the defendant taken any extra and much needed protective measures as averred in paragraph 5 (ii) of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11272461 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459 
 of defence, particularly by placing a \'93Repair in progress\'94 sign or red cones to cordon off the area, it could have transpired through the evidence of defence witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459\charrsid13788863 Mr. Saneet Chand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459 
by highlighting them in his sketch D-2 and the learned defence counsel would, undoubtedly, have put it to the plaintiff during the cross-examination.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid11272461\charrsid11272461 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459 f.\tab 
The following answer of the above defence witness to the question posed by the Court clearly shows that there was nothing in place to block the pit other than the chair on the front side of the manhole. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs14\insrsid11272461\charrsid11272461 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535 CRT: Apart from placing the chair in front of the pit, wasn\rquote t there any object placed on the sides of the pit?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid11272461\charrsid11272461 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535\charrsid2719137 A:\tab No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13788863\charrsid2719137 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535\charrsid2719137 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs14\insrsid11272461\charrsid2719137 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535\charrsid2719137 Q:\tab Why didn\rquote t you place any objects on the side?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs14\insrsid11272461\charrsid2719137 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6623535\charrsid2719137 A:\tab Because one of our staff should have been full time there; or if he needs to come up, then he should have secured that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11272461\charrsid2719137 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6373459\charrsid2719137  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11748354\charrsid2719137  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9594568\charrsid2719137 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318194 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\ul\insrsid7161526\charrsid144677 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7752948\charrsid7752948 The High Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7752948\charrsid3557552 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11409985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14577598 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12221772 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14577598 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7752948 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7752948 \rquote s statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9725897  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7752948  claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9725897 plead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6322507 ed negligence, and alleged the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5328649 petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9725897  had breached its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526 duty of care which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9725897  had resulted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7161526 in injuries. The claim also alleged breach of the Health and Safety at Work Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1788434 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526 ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12608394 visions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526  [Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7161526  9, 10, and 11]. It alleged a failure to comply with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12608394 statutory obligation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12608394  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526 of the Act [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 Sections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13071035  9 \endash  13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 
Besides special damages of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 893}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253638 .00 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16387012 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 as a claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13763275 for general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 damages for (i) Negligence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4264128 and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 ii) Breach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13763275 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9441246 tatutory D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13763275 uty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161526 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7161526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221772 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 ]\tab The defence had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11482142  argued t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 he Act was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11482142 inapplicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3016470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7877062 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3016470  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7030506 civil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3016470  action}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11482142  by virtue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12795470 of Section 15:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10375347 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6312459\charrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12795470 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11207504\charrsid4942345     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4942345\charrsid4942345 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 Civil }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8277806 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 
iability not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11482142\charrsid4942345  affected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 by Part 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4942345 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs16\ul\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4877235 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 \tab          }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4942345 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 15. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9581605 othing i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 n this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8747087 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 art should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11207504\charrsid4942345 construed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345  as \endash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid613809\charrsid15733126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li2520\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid11409985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15170589\charrsid4942345 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4877235\charrsid4942345 conferring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15170589\charrsid4942345  a right of action in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2444669\charrsid4942345 any}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15170589\charrsid4942345  civil proceedings in respect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2444669\charrsid4942345 any contravention, whether by act or omission, o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5661561 f any provision of this P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2444669\charrsid4942345 art.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4942345\charrsid4942345 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2444669\charrsid4942345   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12795470\charrsid4942345 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7161526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs32\insrsid2254556\charrsid15733126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221772 [15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 ]\tab Part 2 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 
imposed certain duties upon employers towards their workers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556  contra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 vention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 of which made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 them liable to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556  criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 
penalties. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 ckie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556  J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2444669 the trial of this matter found that civil liability could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4528597 be founded on the Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid997436 But he held that even}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6824487  if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid997436  he were wrong in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6824487 that finding,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid997436  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7226229 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid997436 
 still had a remedy under the common law duty of care.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608050  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14835316 effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14301733 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14835316  that duty was owed by a company operating a department store }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9067519 such as Courts }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14835316 to all visitors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14301733 (customers and consumers) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4672713 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14301733  its premises, to ensure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9312090 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14301733  safety throughout their visit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10497217 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221772 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 ]\tab The Judge issued his final }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid613809 orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid2254556\charrsid6312459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7240506 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2254556 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 \'931. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 Judgment in favour of the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-450\li1890\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1890\itap0\pararsid7240506 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244   2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13441246 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 efendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13441246 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244  to pay the Plaintiff special damages in the sum }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244\charrsid478244 of $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 788.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 
together with the interest at 3% for the period from 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244  December 2012 to 11}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244  May 2018, which amounts to $128.50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2254556\charrsid478244 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li1890\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1890\itap0\pararsid7240506 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3016868 The Defendant is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 to
 pay the Plaintiff general damages in the sum of $11,000.00 together with interest at 6% for the period 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244  March 2013 to 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 
 May 2018, which amounts to $2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244\charrsid478244 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8089917\charrsid478244 725.00
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11363507\charrsid478244 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3042702  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11363507\charrsid478244  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8675437 he total amount payable by the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11363507\charrsid478244 efendant as special and general damages plus interest shall be $14,641.50.
\par 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3042702  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3086580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11363507\charrsid478244 
The Defendant is ordered to pay $1,150.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid478244\charrsid478244 00 as costs summarily assessed.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11363507\charrsid478244 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7240506 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid8089917\charrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11409985\charrsid11409985 The Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11409985\charrsid11409985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2439659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7097585 [17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7240506 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid413950 The Court of Appeal i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 n the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650833 
leading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608050  judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650833 Guneratne }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 JA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650833 dismissed t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 
he appeal, finding that negligence had been established along with special damages. The Court re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650833 duced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1793389  general damages by}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  25% finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650833 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608050 contributory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  negligence. This re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8872012 duced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  the award }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8872012 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  $11,000 to $8,250. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8872012 
Costs in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659  High Court of $1,150 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9268884 upheld but no order for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9268884 \rquote s costs in the Court of Appeal were a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13835360 warded in view of the Court\rquote s determination of contribut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid132990 ory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835360  negligence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7240506 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8611449 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7097585 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8549520 
The Court found that the judge had approached the matter on common law principles. Therefore, the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8926918 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8549520 s discussion, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4342076 in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8549520  erroneous, on the interpretation o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9663778 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8549520  several sections of the Act were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12976594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5584684 irrelevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12976594  to the finding of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5584684 negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12976594 . The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5584684 storeowner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12976594  owed a duty of care to its visitors, and there had been a breach of that duty by reason of negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8611449  The Court rejected the grounds arguing otherwise. 
\par 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7097585 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8611449 ]\tab The Court found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8468731 there had been contribut}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8260156 ory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8468731  negligence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2166791 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8468731 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238700 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8468731 rial judge had not addressed the alleged misjudg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3233030 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8468731 ment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428920 on the part of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12739024 respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428920  sufficiently. The factor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12855439  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428920 weighed }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13983383 with the Court was th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12595073 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13983383 t the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13983383  entered the store wearing sunglass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9181850 es. Hence the 25% reduction in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13983383 damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12983984\charrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12983984\charrsid9571068 The Health and Safety }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3489345 at Work }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12983984\charrsid9571068 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7675002 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12983984\charrsid9571068 Civil Action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7675002 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12983984\charrsid9571068 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9571068 the Cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12983984 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9571068\charrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7097585 [20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9571068 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7675002 Mr. Gordon said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15813307 special leave ought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5193878  to be granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7809314 
to provide authoritative clarification of the extent of Section 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15533990 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7809314  exclusion of civil liability under the Act. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1982480 He argued this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429545  was necessary in view of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14508090  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429545  lack of unity in the High Court decisions on the point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9571068 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2695031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16140725 [21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429545 ]\tab According, to the Court of Appeal the issue raised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8785893 
before them was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid927147 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8785893 obligations under the Act were imposed on employers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8785893\charrsid856160 vis-a-vis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8785893  their workm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2705054 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8785893 
n. Only S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12405219 ection 10 refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15861916 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4544884 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid927147  to duties towards }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid927147\charrsid927147 non-workers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid927147 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid927147 Mr. Gordon had raised the Section 15 argument as a preliminary objection at the trial and in closing, which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9199836 trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid927147 dealt with. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6951558 However, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4853475 here is no mention of Section 15 in the judgment of the Court of Appeal. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491147 Perhaps this is because the Court accepted that the common law remedy of negligence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891848 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491147  pleaded and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891848 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491147 open on the evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7342993 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5986663 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342993 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491147  felt that it was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6712027 unnecessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491147  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6712027 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15491147 o say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13914295 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1670405 thing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13914295  more}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5462910  about Section 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429545 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12071498 [22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4419545 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2897603\charrsid12788493 Krishna v Standard Concrete Industries Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603  [2008] FJHC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294109  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 42, Jiten Singh J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4419545 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2897603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2897603\charrsid2897603 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2897603\charrsid2897603 [30] \tab 
It appears therefore that the Health and Safety at Work Act is a preventive piece of legislation. It lays emphasis on prevention of accidents. If an Act does no more than state that a certain act constitutes a criminal offence, it may be taken to indicate
 that the person injuriously affected by the commission of the offence is intended to have a civil remedy:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7306967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2897603\charrsid2897603 Rickless v. United Artists Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7306967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2897603\charrsid2897603 - (1987) 1 ALL 197. However the Health & Safety at Work Act is not silent on this aspect.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2897603\charrsid2897603 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\insrsid7342938\charrsid6312459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11105622 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1930127 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 ]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11884291 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13178810 udge went on to say}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13178810\charrsid2364999  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13178810\charrsid2364999 \'93The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2364999\charrsid2364999  Act would lose a lot of its efficacy and objectives if a worker injured as a result of employer\rquote s breach of the provisions of the Act could not sue him.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2364999 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2364999 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5789566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1930127 [24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5789566 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12871829 His Lordship concluded at paragraph [31]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5789566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12871829\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-86\li1526\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1526\itap0\pararsid16404245 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12871829\charrsid12871829 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid12871829\charrsid12871829 
I am of the view what Section 15 means is that there has to be an injury as a result of failure to comply with the Act before one can bring civil proceedings. Section 15 does not prohibit civil proceedings but retains the essence of tort law that there mu
st be injury to found a claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid12871829 \'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16404245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs40\cf1\insrsid16404245\charrsid12788493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11105622 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14297131 [25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404245 ]
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4030459 With}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8354726  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4030459 respect, that conclusion is incorrect. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\cf1\insrsid4030459\charrsid6117372 Raj v Flour Mills of Fiji Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4030459  [1999] FJHC 166, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6705806 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3670081 p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15232156 laintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6705806  claimed liability under the common law and secondly for breach of statutory duty under the Health and Safety }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8859113 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6705806 Work Act.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs14\cf1\insrsid6705806 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs14\cf1\insrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6705806 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4030459 Sha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8354726 m}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4030459 eem J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404245 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4030459 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid8354726\charrsid10038327 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-90\li1530\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid8354726 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8354726 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 Section 9(4) provides that contravention of the section creates a criminal   offence. Section 15 of the Act provides that:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8354726 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid16001860   \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
Nothing in this Part shall be construed as \endash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8354726 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
(a) conferring a right of action in any civil proceedings in respect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6438718  any contravention, whether by ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 t or omission,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11928121  of any provision of this p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726 art.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid8354726 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14055219 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
In the light of this provision I find that section 9 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1996, has very little relevance to these proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid859906 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8354726\charrsid8354726 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4030459 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8354726 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid5971376 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11210309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10440544 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10440544 The judge went on to find negligence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid359102 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10440544  common law proven in that the defendant company had failed to provid
e a safe system of work. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4030459 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11210309\charrsid10440544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid9186325\charrsid9063213 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9186325 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14052994 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15804162 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14052994 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6827586 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325 In }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325\charrsid9186325 Prasad v Kumar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325  [2008] FJHC}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13507832  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325 368, Jitoko J made the following observations on the applicability of the Act:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8943042 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12871829 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7684026 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9186325 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 The Nature of the Duty of the Employer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid7684026\charrsid7684026 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1620\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid5268502 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 
At common law an employer is under a duty to take reasonable care for the safety of his employees so as not to expose them to unnecessary risk. This duty of care must be considered and in measuring it, one must balance the risk against the measures necess
ary to eliminate the risk: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 Denning LJ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 Watt v He}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid750434 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 tfordshire County Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 
 [1954] 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14318153  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 AER 368.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1627\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1627\itap0\pararsid14055219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs18\insrsid14055219\charrsid11426378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 Our Health and Safety at Work Act 1994 and its Regulations, in addition to common law obligation, impose on every employer a general duty to ensure, so as fa
r as reasonably practicable, the health safety and welfare at work of all his employees. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 
It must however be noted that the duty under the Act does not give rise to civil liability. This is still govern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1584808 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9769611 ed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1584808 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550  by common law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid15880198 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550 (Emphasis mine)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15880198 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814550\charrsid10814550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9186325 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\insrsid9186325\charrsid13707433 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16265504 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1515168 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15797744 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1515168 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16265504 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16265504\charrsid4530312 
Dakuna v Laucala Island Resort Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16265504  [2017] FJHC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13707433  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16265504 10, Master N}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3624908 anayakkara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14554446 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3624908  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15823758 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10038327 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15823758 uling on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15797744 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3624908 summon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1843902 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3624908  to strike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6180588  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3624908 out, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1057168 was hearing a case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16392635 alleging}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1057168  breach of statutory duty arising under the Act, as well as negligence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16349839 The Master ruled:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid16349839\charrsid145193 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-90\li1530\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid12264995 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16469365\charrsid12264995 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12264995\charrsid12264995 The language of Section 15 of the Health and Safety at Work Act, 1996 is unmistakeably clear to me; there can be no Civil Claims for a breach of Part II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12264995 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16469365\charrsid12264995 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12264995 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16349839\charrsid12264995 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\insrsid16349839\charrsid15622308 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 [28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12264995 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2100611 He added:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12264995 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid7684026\charrsid5268502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid15622308\charrsid10836088 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs4\insrsid2100611\charrsid15622308 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-180\li1620\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid6312459 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2100611\charrsid15622308 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
One word more, as correctly pointed out by Counsel for the Defendant, Health and Safety at Work Act 1996 was modelled on the Health and Safety Work Act 1974 UK, which contains a similar restriction in Section 47 (1) (c) which reads;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15622308 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6312459 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 \'93Civil liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15622308 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs36\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9591243\charrsid6312459 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid486236   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
(1) Nothing in this Part shall be construed as \endash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid6312459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li2520\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid68668 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
(a) as conferring a right of action in any civil proceedings in respect of any failure to comply with any duty imposed by section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12733848 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308  2 to 7 or any contravention of section 8; or ...\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15622308 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid6312459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1620\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid6312459 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
As Counsel for the Defen
dant correctly submitted, the House of Lords held that Section 47(1) of Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 [UK], restricted any civil liability since the statute was not enacted for the purpose of creating liability for personal injury. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7306967  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 R v Chargot Limi
ted (t/a Contract Services) et al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7306967  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2008%5d%20UKHL%2073" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7306967\charrsid15622308 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b9a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d00250035006200320030003000380025003500640025003200300055004b0048004c00250032003000370033000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab000300}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 [2008] UKHL 73}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3214540\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 , Lord Hoffimann said as follows \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15622308 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs12\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid6312459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-180\li2340\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2340\itap0\pararsid2847906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid68668  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 \'93Section 47 (1) provides that nothing in Part I of the Act is to b
e construed as conferring a right of action in any civil proceedings for any failure to comply with any duty imposed by sections 2 to 7. A note to this section in Current Law Statutes explains that the policy of the Act was not to create any new liability
 
for personal injury pending the report of the Pearson Commission on civil liability and compensation for civil liability, leaving the position as regards breaches of any existing statutory provisions unaffected. But the Act provides for the imposition of 
criminal sanctions.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15622308\charrsid15622308 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\insrsid1515168\charrsid15759750 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10434700 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 [29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid68668 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2709410 These authorities were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10434700 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15945845 anvassed}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10434700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2709410 by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10434700 trial judge in his judgment. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15945845 e effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10434700 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15945845 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10434700 ection 15 must now be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15945845 beyond doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10434700 Part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4393543 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6047456  provides for criminal sanctions and Section 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396637 unmistakeably excluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14165426  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6047456 civil liability under the Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909797 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909797 \rquote s arguments that these cases are only High Court decisions and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10366122 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909797 the facts of each are distinguishable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909797  are unmeritorious. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3557006 Counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3557006  did not provide any detail as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid682011 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3557006 way in which he concluded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid682011 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3557006 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid682011 
acts of each case were distinguishable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3557006  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid998383 This disposes of grounds 1 (b), 1(c), 1(d), 1(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5909797 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid998383 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8792161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid68668 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9443670 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6452243\charrsid6452243 Occupie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14491478 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6452243\charrsid6452243 
s Liability Act 1968}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6452243 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6452243\charrsid6452243 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9443670 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9443670 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 Ground 1 (a) states that the Court of Appeal had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7169106 itself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 raised the possible cause of action }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13639910 as being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6519887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3348720 under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 Occupie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12520331 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 s Liability Act when neither party had done so. This is said to be an error of law.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9443670 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 [31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770029 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14426924 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770029  had not pleaded in his statement of claim a breach of this Act. It was not referred to by counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12327846  in the examinations of witnesses o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283121 r in argument, nor was it ever }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16659806 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16266236 agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283121  issue for determination. It did not feature anywhere in the judgment of the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6452243 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1861085 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15926183 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15926183 ]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283121  submits \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13045598 The Court below mentioned the Occupie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1782920 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13045598 s Liability Act but there is no reliance on it in the instant case by the trial judge and or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14187044  by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13045598  the Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15733925 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12151702 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15733925 \'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14833180 This correctly sums up the position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15496425 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14833180  this Court. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1861085 Guneratne JA said he found the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2301586 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1861085 s conclusion}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12151702 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1861085  had \'93
nothing to do with any statutory duty and a breach of it but rather a duty of care and a breach of that duty expected from an owner of premises owed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12151702 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1861085 a customer visiting such premises.\'94
\par 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1861085 ]\tab Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946214 ese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1861085  comments took the mention of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15688199 Occupie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4333636 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15688199 s Liability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9320888 Act no further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732727 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9320888  a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732727 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9320888  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732727 the issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5845159 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732727 s not relevant to the decision. This ground fails. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7043241\charrsid7043241 Grounds 1 (e) and (f)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 [34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13045598  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7043241 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7557619 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7557619 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241  grounds were not really grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13914337 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241  but expressions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13914337 frustration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992253  by counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10643899 
at the outcome of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9456866 arguments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10643899  in the Court of Appeal judgment. They alleged that the Court erred \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14960944 when it failed to engage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9456866  with the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16260841 \rquote s appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4613063 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16260841 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4613063 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4720469 nd 
\'93failed to follow a proper path of reasoning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid665541 and/or logical process of reasoning in arriving at its conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131460 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid665541 , finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131460 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid665541  and orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 \'94 These grounds do not require an answer from this Court. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13896309 t is our task to decide on }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 grounds raising specific points.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2695031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12718492\charrsid991862 Ground 1 (d)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12718492\charrsid12718492 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117411 Ground 1 (d) alleged that the Court of Appeal misinterpreted Part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15162110 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117411  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13636668 and Sections 9, 10, 11, 15, 48 and 48 (5) of the Act. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15889979 his has largely been covered in the earlier discussions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10243980 of the effect of Section 15 in excluding a civil action. For comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5465920 leteness it could be added that, with the exception of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14040787 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5465920  10, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13046376 other sections dealt with duties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11233326  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11233326\charrsid15486127 employer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12131460\charrsid15486127 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11233326 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13046376  not the owners or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13698277 custodian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131460 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13046376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1797205 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13046376 premises. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8222110 The duties were imposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15486127 in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222110 to protect their workers, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14044707 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13698277 visitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14044707 . Section 10 did impose duties on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14044707\charrsid15486127 \'93employers\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14044707  towards }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14044707\charrsid15486127 \'93non-workers\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14044707 . B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2632295 ut contraventions were to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1266486 met}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2632295  with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14044707  criminal sanctions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4917254 such as where an Inspector could serve a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13698277 penalty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131460  notice to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4917254 person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2499641 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4917254  who appear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2499641  to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15351182 committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2499641  an offence under the Act [Section 48]. In particular Section 48 (5) makes reference to civil proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11616501 arising from the same incident}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10836088 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15351182 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285099 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15351182 \tab Section 48 (5):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16285099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285099 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-90\li1530\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid16285099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15351182 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16285099 Payment under this section is not to be regarded as an admission of liability for the purpose of, nor in any way as affecting or prejudicing, any civil claim, action or proceedings arising out of the same occurrence.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11233326  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10749187 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1861085 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid665541  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid11283121\charrsid6312459 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3305645\charrsid3305645 Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1063443 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3305645\charrsid3305645 
\endash  Vicarious Liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10749187 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3305645 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 [36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7554340 ]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3305645 etition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1063443 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305645  says the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1256742 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305645  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1247742 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305645 
 failed to identify which workmen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8738053 working for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305645  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2311110 etitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6300151  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11957770 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6300151 owed a duty of care to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8748181 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8260229 ,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6300151  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid594987 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13255667 for which breaches }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11892638 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13255667  duty the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3670081 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13255667 
etitioner as employer could be held vicariously li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276579 able. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5904718 t i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276579 
s said the workmen should have been identified, and join}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6642772 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276579  in the action, or at least }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid133667 to have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276579  referred to in the pleadings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220325 
\par 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220325 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8215711 The Court of Appeal held that this }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026170 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8215711 s not a case of negligence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9186760 where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8215711  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15342342 workman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6103001 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8215711  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800656 employed as a driver, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6103001 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5337206 negligent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639346  driving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5337206  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11566496 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7154514  caused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639346  injury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6903546 
The statement of defence did not state that any employee of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6903546 etitioner had anything to do with }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9516412 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6903546  manhole, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3109758 
or indeed with the carrying out of any safety measures that day. Vicarious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5440551 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3109758 iability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3542030 seems in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7620304 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3542030 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7620304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5440551 circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7620304  to be inappropriate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11361145 
The overall responsibility for visitors safety}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13509109 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11361145  whilst re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598759 
pair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11665958 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598759  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14487351 maintenance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598759  of the escalator }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854241 were to be carried out, would rest squarely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15553095 
on the company, the owner of the store. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4860757 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15553095  responsibility lay with the management not the workmen. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14302811 In this regard no one workm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12286268 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14302811 n was being blamed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839963  for negligenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid800110 e. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839963 n th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid800110 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839963 se circumstances, the pleadings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11665958 need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839963  not refer to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16585015 an identified workm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10236866 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16585015 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9388047 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3305645 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid9388047\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9388047 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9388047 ]\tab The Court of
 Appeal was right to reject this argument. Ground 2 also fails. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid8150765\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6234172 Ground 3 \endash  Insufficient Pleadings
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs20\ul\insrsid4944980\charrsid145193 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12917040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid790859 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9469770 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid790859 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4944980 This ground in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16339835 
petition overlapped with the las}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13779129 t ground on vicarious liability. It claims broadly that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3352179 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13779129 petitioner should not be held liable for negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917040 . I shall deal with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1849168 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917040  claim further on. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1849168 The second part of the ground argue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8609480 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1849168  that negligence had not been pleaded with sufficiency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14614781 , in that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4806797 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1849168 claim was not \'93certain and precise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228377 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965596 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid2965596\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965596 [40]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1849168  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966492 In referring to the ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14614781 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966492  brought to the Court of Appeal Guneratne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4728617 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966492  observed \'93I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13727204 found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966492  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11545378  the said grounds, to say the le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7603174 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5966492 st, were prolix,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6840585 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12132158 though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6840585  the judge found that \'93
on his feet counsel highlighted the essential aspects this Court was required to make a determination on.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15622680 In his judgment Guneratne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4728617 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15622680  did not refer to the insufficiency }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4938318 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15622680 pleadings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238374 argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15622680 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9785464 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid10238374\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238374 [41]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15353625 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14772597 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15353625 \rquote s pleadings may have lacked some detail and polish, but essentially the claim was set out sufficiently to enable a proper defence to be filed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147298 
The defence knew what they ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12465131 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147298  to meet.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440037 
 Of course clarity is always to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7370094 desired}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440037 . A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15548132 ny failing in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440037  the pleadings in this case did not impede the conduct of a fair trial of the claim. This is not a matter for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9376031 the g}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1535951 rant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440037  of special leave, and the ground m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9376031 ust}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440037  fail. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6250525 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid9376031\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9376031\charrsid7292078 Ground 3 (a) Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7292078\charrsid7292078  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14421001 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7292078\charrsid7292078 iable to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid807545 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7292078\charrsid7292078 espondent in Negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10253372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs20\ul\insrsid10253372\charrsid145193 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253372\charrsid10253372 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10253372 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16072045 In essence, this }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13136310 ground alleges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7679403  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid209523 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7679403 case was not proved against the petitioner. In the Court of Appeal Guneratne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1459526 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7679403  con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9071447 cluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7679403  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4663611 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7679403 
his point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10425902 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs10\insrsid145193\charrsid145193 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10425902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10425902\charrsid10425902 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10425902\charrsid10425902 [27] \tab 
Thus, the negligence on the part of the Appellant stood established as found by the learned Judge (as being a finding of fact). Sitting as an appellate Court Judge, I am not inclined to interfere with that finding in the absence of any misdirection and/or
 non-direction. Accordingly, I affirm the said finding on primary negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10425902\charrsid10425902 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7679403\charrsid10425902  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16072045\charrsid10425902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9376031\charrsid10425902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9376031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10425902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10425902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9313947 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10697970 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10425902 [43]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7155221 The case for negligence rested on three main points. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697970 First, visitors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14427065 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697970  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14427065  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697970  kept away }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12471624 
from the dangers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697970 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12471624  uncovered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697970  manhole. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2912644 There was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4850946 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2912644 two seate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2624944 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2912644  chair placed in front of the escalator close to where the manhole was which was inadequate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11286412 
It would have been necessary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214675 cordon off }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105759 that area completely. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4923480 There was nothing to prevent visitors from approaching the manhole from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5186631 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4923480  sides. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105759 Second, the manhole itself was left uncovered. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12411734 Third, there was no suitable signage warning visitors away from the hazard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9010028 
\par 
\par [44]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12395866 The trial judge referred to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8655981 espondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12395866 \rquote s evidence as \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4222631 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603074 contradicted}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6501729  and convincing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12255767 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6501729 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4222631  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12255767 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4222631 he defence had pleaded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603074 that they }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4850946 had taken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603074  all reasonable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14777025 precautions}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603074  to ensure safety.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14777025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3232467 
But the evidence exposed that the only measure taken was the placing of the chair in front of the open manhole. In cross-examination defence counsel had concentrated on the placing of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9449709 
 chair. It had never been adduced in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3232467  that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684111 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3232467 
vari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684111 ous signs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9188794 in place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684111 warning customers of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3232467  hazard, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7673609 or indeed of other measures in place. The judge said [at page 20 of the judgment]:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-547\li1987\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1987\itap0\pararsid16723378 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8672711 \'93d. \tab In my view, had the defendant properly cordon}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16003814 (ed)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8672711  off the area 
in the way it should be, by using the prescribed materials and signs, when such a maintenance was carried out with an open manhole in a place of this nature, this unfortunate event could very well have been avoided.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3232467  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6501729  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11286412  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10425902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16723378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4850946  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8672711 e.\tab In my judgment, Mr. Dhimant Patel fell into the manhole in the defendant\rquote 
s premises and sustained injuries as a result of defendant\rquote s failure on its statutory duty of care and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12147664 negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8672711 
 on its part by failing to cover the open manhole, put up warning signs, and seal off the area.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12147664  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306608 usage}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12147664  of a chair to block only one side of the manhole, itself suggests that the defendant did not have in place necessary safety }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306608 equipment}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12147664  to be used on the occasion of repairs and mainten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306608 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12147664 
ce. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306608  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16723378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4850946   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306608 f.\tab It is clear bey
ond doubt, from the overwhelming evidence before this Court, that the defendant was negligent towards the plaintiff, who was a customer at the defendant\rquote 
s premises. It failed to put in place proper and safe warning signs and equipment which could have avoided the plaintiff\rquote s fall into the manhole and the tragedy he had to face with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16723378 
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11411296 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1377513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411296 [45]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1377513 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12532972 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1377513 \rquote 
s witness Esther Turavita was in the store that afternoon. She sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8542308 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1377513  the store was empty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890374  She said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6823550 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890374 there was no sign. She was the person who lent her phone to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418632 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418632 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11890374  for him to inform his wife. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944168 In cross-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14117381 examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15944168  she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14117381 confirmed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944168  that she had not seen any sign. She said she had not seen any workman working. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1377513   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8672711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2695031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8533651 [46]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1067160 In considering the evidence of the safety measures the judge decided [at para 26 d]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8533651 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1067160 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-540\li1980\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1980\itap0\pararsid13503796 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid538420\charrsid538420 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13323944 d.\tab The plaintiff\rquote s evidence is very clear that there was nothing except for the two seater chair placed only in front of the manhole. Though, the defendant in paragraph 
5(ii)(b) and (c), of its statement of defence took up a position that there was a large and conspicuous \'93Repair in Progress\'94 sign and Red C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261509 
ones were placed, nothing transpired in evidence to substantiate it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4261509\charrsid8345805 Not even a single suggestion was made to the PW-1 on these purported precautionary arrangements.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261509\charrsid8345805 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8345805  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8345805 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10038566 emphasis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8345805  added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1067160\charrsid8345805 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6370851 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6370851 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2824807 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14025663 [47]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7147396 Even fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12993596 m the defence\rquote s sole witness Sarni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7147396 t, it was elicited that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7147396 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750 the chair placed in front of the pit or manhole, nothing }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2824807 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750  been placed on the sides. They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10038566 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750 relied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10038566 , he said,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750  on one of the other staff member}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1639477 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972750  being at the spot full-time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12476955 
He was not there, and so there was no warning at all to customers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14025663 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6620315 
\par [48]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161071 The evidence to prove negligence and breach of the duty of care }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12602382 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15161071  given. It remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389171 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161071  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6900352 uncontradicted}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161071  by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3081741 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161071 other evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14966838 The judge found against the defendant company. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13926242 ere is no reason to overturn that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14966838 
 decision. This ground fails. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6620315\charrsid14025663 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10425902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs32\insrsid2887213\charrsid8150765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15289148 Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3636869 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15289148 
 4(a) and 4(b) was the percentage of contribut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1266845 ory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15289148  negligence at 25% too low?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4025538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs32\ul\insrsid15289148\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6231009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15289148 [49]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6231009 In his submission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345312 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232156 espondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009 \rquote s counsel raise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8800344 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009 
 the issue of the store lighting, which would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5449078  here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid609581 
countermanded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009 the effect of dark glasses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11147035 on a person\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009 
vision. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5072689 he trial judge rejected th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664264 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009  defence allegation that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8280637 the wearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5449078  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5072689  dark glasses was the main causative}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6231009  factor of the fall into the pit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13926242 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602 
\par [50]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15085372 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15085372 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602  referred to the store lighting. At the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16149515 start of his evidence in chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11431690 the respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10117673 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602 said: \'93
(The Shop) it was brightly lit and in the front I could see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15813347 the TVs and the electrical goods w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15169363 ere being sold downstairs.\'94}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602  He g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15169363 ive a similar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602  answer in his re-examination. 
\par 
\par [51]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5195559 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292768 In cross-examination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439717 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439717 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7292768  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5195559 
as asked about his wearing of dark glasses:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5195559\charrsid2695031 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3293880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5195559 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5195559 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 Q:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353\charrsid4078766 
And you had dark glasses on?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 \tab \tab   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 A:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353\charrsid4078766 Yes.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 \tab \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 Q:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353\charrsid4078766 I put it to you that you saw the open pit.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3293880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 A:\tab No, I didn\rquote t see the pit; because when you walk into a store, you always look at the side, you don\rquote t look down on the floor, so I wasn
\rquote t looking down on the floor, I was looking at my\'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353  Q:\tab Mr. Patel I put it
 to you that there were two (2) chairs blocking the open pit, and it would not have been possible for you to absent-mindedly fall into that pit.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353  A:\tab If there were 2 chairs that blocking that left side, and somewhere else, from the left side, I definitely 
would have run into it; so it wasn\rquote t there.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353  Q:\tab I put it to you Mr. Patel that you saw the open pit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6177848 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353  you were curious as to what the open pit was, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6177848 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3958353 d with your dark glasses you misjudged it, and fell into the open pit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761  A:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761\charrsid4078766 That\rquote s absolute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4078766\charrsid4078766 non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4078766 sense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761\charrsid4078766 ; no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15094959 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15234298 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 Q:\tab With your dark glasses, you misjudged.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid818603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 A:\tab No.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 Q:\tab And you fell into the pit.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2502169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11141393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 A:\tab 
No; the store was brightly lit, and I could see. I always wear sunglasses in stores or supermarkets, so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15157043 it\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 
 nothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3293880 new.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8868761 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12672602 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12672602\charrsid15289148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid790859\charrsid2695031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177848 [52]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 The judge wrote his analysis of what was being put [para 30 b]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6177848 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9059864 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 \'93b.\tab 
Learned counsel did not make any suggestion that plaintiff\rquote s vision was diminished by the dark glass, instead he suggested by the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11630455\charrsid11630455 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455  question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455\charrsid16462601 that he saw the open pit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 
 and being curio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10755499 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 
s as to what the open pit was, and with his dark glasses he misjudged it, and fell into the open pit. The witness was prompt in answers to these questions as above and I am convinced neither he misjudged nor fell into the pit due to his alleged curiosity.
 The plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9059864 being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 
 a matured senior citizen would not have resorted to incur a danger of this nature by his own act as suggested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9059864  by the defence counsel.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11630455 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7160014 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9059864 [53]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8540142 At first it appeared the allegation was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6373468 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6373468 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8540142  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10489912  diminished vision by reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6631706  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582944 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631706 earing dark glasses, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12322012 hat }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631706 Mr. Gordon had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12322012  categorised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631706 as \'93wearing dark glasses \lquote 
for style\rquote .\'94 But}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11410107  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3239577 the allegation was that:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid11542039\charrsid28026 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311369 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-540\li2070\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin2070\itap0\pararsid7024181 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2311369 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2311369 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3239577  had in fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3239577\charrsid16468526 seen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3239577  the open pit;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239577 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii)\tab}But for reasons of curiosity as to what the open pit was;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6631706  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3239577 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239577 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii)\tab}He had misjudged it, because he was wearing the dark glasses;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239577 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iv)\tab}And as a result he fell into the pit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024181 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7024181 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs18\insrsid7024181\charrsid28026 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8131870 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024181 [54]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15861946 The question put was in effect four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9833919  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2568141 questions in one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8131870 . Unsurprisingly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1735915 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1735915 espondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8131870  reacted with vigour calling the suggestion \'93absolute nonsense.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839 Guneratne J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1735915 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839  considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12457286 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12457286 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839 \rquote s answer \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542039 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4587698 vasive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15957519  in objec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12321286 ive}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839  reasoning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12321286 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7887839 was not acceptable.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9585389 
\par 
\par [55]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3683831 No other witnesses saw the incident as it occurred. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9586227 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3683831  rejected the suggestion that he had seen the pit, had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352772 curious, and had}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3241272  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid752319 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3241272 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352772 
 misjudged his movement, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724448 for that reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7615994 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352772 
fallen into the pit. The judge accepted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12654368 espondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4352772 rejection of these suggestions. If the da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15155449 rk glasses had the effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11940311 of misjudgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15155449  in the brightly lit store, why would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9139002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15155449 he have seen the pit }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8598989 in the first place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15155449 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352772  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1400728 There was no reason to reject the trial judge\rquote s finding which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12529967 entirely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1400728 
 reasonable for him to have found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9059864 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15939924 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9993274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15939924 [56]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5535654 It was the petitioner\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845367  appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4354704 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2845367  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612537 contributory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13201476 negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845367 
 percentage should be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4354704 greater figure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid422055 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4354704  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845367 perhaps 70%. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925\charrsid9204954 The Section 15 issue o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5449426 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925\charrsid9204954  which th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9204954 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925\charrsid9204954  h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7818982 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8943047 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925\charrsid9204954  been conflicting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9204954 views expressed by the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid793894 ourts, leads to the opinion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5333416 the finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11887954 should be set aside and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15482980 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11887954 the trial judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9587631 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11887954  rejection of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12061000 contributory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11887954 
 negligence should be restored.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12061000  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8943047 This was an egregious error and one that has resulted in injustice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925 There was no petition from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12287392 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10377925 
espondent to set aside the finding of contributory negligence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9320738 In deciding between the parties, where negligence lay, it was clear Mr. Gordon was both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7818982 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9320738 aster of his brief and fully able to defend his client\rquote s position. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6165310 
Special leave should be granted on the petitioner\rquote s petition pursuant to Section 7 (3) (a) of the Supreme Court Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325447 This ground should be rejected, and the original }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10563863 finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325447  of the trial judge restored }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13977231 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325447 rejecting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493211 contributory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325447  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493211 
negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325447 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11887954  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6165310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5333416  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2765585  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845367  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9993274 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8131870 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2118605\charrsid2118605 A Judge making a Sol}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13790525 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2118605\charrsid2118605  Visit to the Scene 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2118605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16543279 [57]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12998997 At the end of the first day of the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8323954 
the following exchange }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15949732 between judge and counsel took place concerning a possible view:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16543279 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325196\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2113971 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15949732 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 RG:\tab Sorry 
to disturb your Lordship; but I was just talking to my learned friend; and I know your Lordship is going to take the task of this regarding a site visit; a scene inspection, there is substantial dispute as to what is there. I asked my learned friend wheth
er he will be interested in having the Court visit the site; he says that he\rquote s indifferent, I suppose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15949732 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 CRT:\tab That is going to take time whether to visit.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 RG:\tab That\rquote s right, I think }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9724234 I\rquote m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 
 testing your Lordship\rquote s patience. The other option, my Lord was that I could take photos on my i-pad tonight and show your Lordship tomorrow, and show my learned friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9724234 tomorrow}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 ; but show you first and then your Lordship can see.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 CRT:\tab Oh let me do my shopping in Courts for something.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 RG:\tab Very well, Sir. While you hear my witness, and then he\rquote ll tell you what was there.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 CRT:\tab I will just walk around and see what is there and come back.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 RG:\tab Absolutely Sir.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686 EM:\tab But the scene may be different now than that was in 2012, which eve
n if my learned friend is agreeable then just to call one of the staff who was present in 2012 to verify the position of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9724234 escalators}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686  \endash  whether there were two or only one or the stairs upstairs; because even if we go in now; it will be different. I just went to that shop maybe early this year; there\rquote s a stairs only \endash  up and down; and the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9724234 escalators}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6702686  is on the right \endash 
where they go up the steps to do your payments and shopping of furniture on the second floor. It may be different now rather than; in 2012. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687 RG:\tab My learned friend\rquote s problem has now; his own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10945256 witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687  has said that there were two and a stairs.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687 CRT:\tab If you need to go officially on an inspection, there will be more differences, there will be more changes; so I will unofficially go.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687 RG:\tab Yes, my learned friend is saying that he\rquote s suggesting that it was different in 2012; but PW2 that they were together; two in a stairs \endash 
 going up, going down; so it wasn\rquote t different in 2012.
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid13794550\charrsid13794550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13794550 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16407459 We\rquote ll leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687\charrsid16407459  it as it is?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2113971\charrsid16407459 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946687 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8131870 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid15949732\charrsid2113971 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15949732 [58]\tab The classic judicial pronouncement on judges taking views }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180827 on their own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15949732 was that of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16536588  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11826363 Den}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1013067 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11826363 ing L.J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11826363\charrsid1013067 Gold v Evans and Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11826363  [1951] 2 TLR 1189 a
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11547522 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11826363  1191:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-86\li1526\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1526\itap0\pararsid228836 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7363492 \'93It is a fundamental 
principle of our law that a judge must act on the evidence before him and not on outside information and, that, the evidence on which he acts must be given in the presence of both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15235368 parties}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7363492  or, at any rate, each party must be given an opportunity of being present\'85I think that a view is part of the evidence\'85
But, even if a view is not evidence, the same principles apply. The judge must take his view in the presence of both parties, or, at any rate, each party must be given an opportunity of being present. The only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid228836 exception}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7363492  is when a judge goes by himself to see some public place, such as the site of a road accident, with neither party present.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5516173 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16395831 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\insrsid2695031\charrsid16395831 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5516173 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5516173 [59]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16395831 
In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16395831\charrsid1013067 Evans v Aspinal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16395831  May 9, 1974 CA (unreported) Edmund Davi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3828275 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16395831 s L.J. said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5976213 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs32\insrsid16395831\charrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-90\li1530\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid5976213 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16395831 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976213 During the luncheon adjournment of a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4356526 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976213 
judge inspected, in the absence of the parties, the steps in the defendants\rquote  hotel on which, it was alleged, the plaintiff had slipped. Thereafter the judge found for the defendants indicating that he had been
 substantially influenced by his inspection. The Court of Appeal allowed the plaintiffs\rquote  appeal and a new trial was ordered. The inspection by the judge was described as \'93a most unfortunate and unwitting irregularity\'94 about which the pl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3625894 aintiff might feel a grievance.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3625894 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3625894 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8412815 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8412815 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3625894 [60]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8412815 The better view would seem to be that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13921374 every}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8412815  view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13921374 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8412815  be un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13921374 der}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8412815 taken as p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13921374 ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8412815 t of the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8412815\charrsid15685336 
proceedings officially. What is seen and observed is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13921374 to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200 seen and observe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12731407 d, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200 officially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4024685  and together,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200  by t
he interested parties, judge, court staff, counsel and their clients.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15949732\charrsid15685336 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid618955\charrsid15685336 
\par [61]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid618955 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200 We do not know whether a view was undertaken privately or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5645200\charrsid4532590 solo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200  by the judge. If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7421602 it did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6578588  occur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7421602 , it has not figured }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200 in the record of proceedings or in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8658173 judge\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200  judgment. Nothing further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8658173 need be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5645200  said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7109938  on this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5645200 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid618955 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8150765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx5334\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5966492 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3867139\charrsid14836673 Keith, J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4214826\charrsid12408503 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9518336\charrsid12408503 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13464225 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9518336\charrsid12408503 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
I have had an opportunity to read the judgment of Gates J.  For the reasons which he gives, I agree with the orders which he proposes.  Gates J understandably addressed the grounds of appeal on which Courts relied, and I add a few words of my own in view 
of the arguments raised orally, and because I have approached the case from a slightly different angle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Civil liability under Part 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 .  The sections of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1996 (
\'93the 1996 Act\'94) wh
ich Courts were alleged to have breached were in Part 2 of the 1996 Act.  I agree with the Court of Appeal that breaches of the duties imposed by these sections gave rise to criminal liability only.  They did not give rise to civil liability.  With respec
t to the judge, that was the plain and obvious effect of section 15 of the 1996 Act.  I therefore entirely agree with Gates J that the judge had been wrong to follow the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Krishna v Standard Concrete Industries Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  [2008] FJHC 42 which had held otherwise. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 In his oral submissions, Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Maopa for Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel sought to get round section 15 in two ways.  First, section 15(c) of the 1996 Act provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi153\li1287\ri567\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1287\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \'93
Nothing in this Part shall be construed as\endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066       \tab   \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-450\li1890\ri1134\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1134\lin1890\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 (c) \tab affecting the extent
 (if any) to which a right of action arises or civil proceedings may be taken with respect to breaches of the duties imposed by or under the associated health and safety legislation.\'94 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-450\li1890\ri1134\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1134\lin1890\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Maopa contended that since section 15(a) was in Part 2 of the 1996
 Act, section 15(c) prevented section 15(a) from being construed as preventing civil proceedings for breach of any of the duties imposed by Part 2.  I do not agree.  Section 15(c) preserved civil liability in respect of breaches of the duties imposed \'93
by or under the associated health and safety legislation\'94.  Section 5(1) of the 1996 Act defines \'93associated health and safety legislation\'94
 as meaning the legislation declared by Part 10 of the 1996 Act to be associated health and safety legislation.  Section 
60, which is in Part 10 of the 1996 Act, lists the statutory provisions which are associated health and safety legislation for the purposes of the 1996 Act.  The provisions in Part 2 of the 1996 Act are not among them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Secondly, section 48(5) of the 1996 Act provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\insrsid16217066\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-90\li1530\ri562\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin562\lin1530\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \'93
Payment under this Section is not to be regarded as an admission of liability for the purpose of, nor in any way as affecting or prejudicing, any civil claim, action or proceedings arising out of the same occurrence.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16217066\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 The payments refe
rred to are the sums payable pursuant to a penalty notice issued by a Health and Safety Inspector.  Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Maopa argued that this provision assumes that civil proceedings can be brought for breach of the duties imposed by the 1996 Act, and in effect trumps se
ction 15(a).  Again, I do not agree.  Civil proceedings can, of course, be brought for breach of the duties imposed by the 1996 Act, save for the duties the breach of which do not give rise to civil liability.  The duties imposed by Part 2 of the 1996 Act
 are an example of the duties the breach of which do no not give rise to civil liability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16217066\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 The Occupiers\rquote  Liability Act 1968}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 .  The 1996 Act was intended to reform the law relating to the health and safety of workers.  Since Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Patel did not work for Courts and was not working at the time of the accident, the 1996 Act had nothing to with this case.  So if the 1996 Act was not the relevant statute in this case, what was?  The answer is the Occupiers\rquote  Liability Act 1968 (
\'93the 1968 Act\'94).  It covers the civil liability of occupiers of premises to their lawful visitors.  It therefore covers the civil liability of a department store to those who enter the store.  Section 4(1) of the 1968 Act provides that the occupiers
\rquote  duty of care to their visitors is \'93the common duty of care\'94.  That common duty of care \endash  not to be confused with the common}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  duty of care \endash  is described in section 4(2) of the 1968 Act as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\insrsid16217066\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-86\li1526\ri562\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin562\lin1526\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \'93
a duty to take such care as in all the circumstances of the case is reasonable to see that the visitor will be reasonably safe in using the premises for the purposes for which he or she is invited or permitted by the occupier to be there.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs32\insrsid16217066\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
Indeed, the common law duty of care does not apply in those case such as the present one in which the common duty of care owed by the occupier of premises to its visitors applies.  That is the effect of section 3(1) of the 1968 Act which provides:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs12\insrsid4536660\charrsid4536660 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-90\li1530\ri562\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin562\lin1530\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \'93The pr
ovisions of sections 4 and 5 shall have effect, in place of the rules of the common law, to regulate the duty which an occupier of premises owes to his or her visitors in respect of dangers due to the state of the premises or to things done or omitted to 
be done on them."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri562\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin562\lin0\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri562\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin562\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 The effect of all this is that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  cause of action was for breach of statutory duty \endash  namely breach of the common duty of care imposed by section 4 of the 1968 Act.   It follows, therefore, that not only was the judge wr
ong to found liability on the basis of breach of the duty imposed by the 1996 Act.  He was also wrong to found liability under the common law.  He should have found liability on the basis of breach of the common duty of care imposed on Courts by section 4
 of the 1968 Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Where does that leave Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel\rquote 
s case?  A cause of action based on the common duty of care imposed on Courts by section 4 of the 1968 Act was not pleaded, nor relied on at trial.  In these circumstances, has the case really got to b
e remitted back to the High Court for a fresh trial on whether Courts was in breach of that common duty of care, or can that drastic step be avoided?   I think it can.  On his way to finding breaches of duties imposed on Courts by the 1996 Act and the com
mon law, the judge made a number of critical findings.  The two most significant were:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-270\li1620\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin567\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13455364\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Although there was a two-seat bench or couch placed in front of the escalator, so that the open pit housing the escalator\rquote 
s mechanism was between the bench or couch and the bottom of the escalator, there was nothing at the sides of the pit to prevent visitors from walking into the pit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1350\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1350\itap0\pararsid13455364\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs10\insrsid13455364\charrsid13455364 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-270\li1620\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin567\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13455364\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
There were no signs warning visitors (a) that there was an open pit at the bottom of the escalator or (b) that there was nothing at the sides of the pit to prevent visitors from walking into the pit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1287\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1287\itap0\pararsid16217066\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 As Gates J has pointed out, neither of these findings can be assailed on appeal.  They were both findings which it had been open for the judge 
to make on the evidence. Having considered with care sections 4 and 5 of the 1968 Act which regulate the common duty of care owed by Courts to visitors to its store like Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel, I have no doubt whatever that the trial judge would have concluded that Courts had been in breach of the common duty of care it owed to Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Patel under section 4 of the 1968 Act.  To remit the case back to the High Court would in these circumstances be an exercise in futility: the result would be exactly the same.  The judge\rquote s judgment on liability does not need to be set aside. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 [69]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Contributory negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 .  I agree with Gates J that the judge
\rquote s finding that there was no contributory negligence on the part of Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Patel should be restored.  The only problem is that no cross-petition seeking that result had been filed.  And since Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel\rquote s legal team had not filed any written submissions prior to the hearing in the Supreme Court of Courts\rquote  appeal, Courts would not have known before the hearing that the restoration of the judge
\rquote s order on contributory negligence was being sought. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673\charrsid16217066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 [7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 Although Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Gordon for Courts powerfully made that point, he did not say that he was unable to argue that there should be a finding of some contributory negligence on the part of Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel.  Indeed, whether Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 
 Patel had by his negligence contributed to his injuries at all was something which inevitably would have had to be considered on Courts\rquote  case that the percentage of contributo
ry negligence should have been much higher than the 25% discount ordered by the Court of Appeal.  In other words, once the extent of Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4536660 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066  Patel\rquote s contributory negligence was to be addressed by the Supreme Court on Courts\rquote  petition, it was open to the Suprem
e Court to find (even in the absence of a cross-petition) that this was not a case for a finding of contributory negligence at all \endash 
 provided, of course, that Courts were able to argue the point properly, even without prior notice that it was to be taken.  Since Courts were able to argue the point properly, it was open to the Supreme Court to address the issue.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12277749 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3867139\charrsid14836673 Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4536033\charrsid14836673 , J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4214826\charrsid14836673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4536033\charrsid12408503 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16217066 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9518336\charrsid12408503 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16217066 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9518336\charrsid12408503 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16217066\charrsid16217066 I agree with both judgments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid16217066     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid2842580 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9518336 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11209414\charrsid11209414 Orders of the Court are:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11750439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11209414 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14836673\charrsid14836673 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid14836673 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673\charrsid14836673 Special leave refused, save on grounds 1 (b) and 1 (c) \endash 
 Section 15, and on grounds 4 (a) and 4 (b) - contributory negligence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14836673\charrsid14836673 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The petitioner\rquote s petition is dismissed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14836673\charrsid14836673 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The High Court Judge\rquote s finding that there was no contributory negligence is restored.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14836673\charrsid14836673 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}The petitioner to pay the respondent\rquote s costs in this Court of $6,000.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li450\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid14836673 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11209414 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14836673\charrsid11209414 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f1\fs24\insrsid16216045 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239\charrsid3829735 The Hon. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-70\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-70\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239\charrsid14836673 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3829735 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4536033\charrsid3829735 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239\charrsid3829735 The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-70\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-70\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239\charrsid14836673 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14836673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3829735 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6573976 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4536033\charrsid3829735 The Hon. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4462239\charrsid3829735 Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4536033\charrsid3829735 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-70\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-70\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4536033\charrsid14836673 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid612699 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10490847 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10490847\charrsid10490847 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10490847\charrsid10490847 Solicitors:  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10490847\charrsid10490847        Gordon & Co. Lawyers for the Appellant
\par Babu Singh & Associates for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4536033\charrsid10490847 
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