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\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760
\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480
\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid549539579}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600
\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li4320
\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760
\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480
\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid580137082}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600
\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li4320
\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760
\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480
\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid588005143}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1066451918
\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li927\lin927 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713
\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1647\lin1647 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2367\lin2367 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3087\lin3087 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713
\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3807\lin3807 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4527\lin4527 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5247\lin5247 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713
\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5967\lin5967 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li6687\lin6687 }{\listname ;}\listid627976353}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01{\uc1\u-3913 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689
\'01{\uc1\u-3913 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 
\fi-360\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01{\uc1\u-3913 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid645664676}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-2016522874\'03({\uc1\u0 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-720\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid723526504}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1799346376\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fs24\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid879899122}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0
\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1125000286}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1148136317}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11946355\charrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par CRIMINAL PETITION NO. CAV 0038 of 2023
\par Court of Appeal No. AAU 0057 of 2018
\par 
\par 
\par BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271658\charrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 VILIAME WAQANI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11946355\charrsid13262765 NA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
VATU
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271658\charrsid13262765 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 THE STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 Coram\tab :\tab \tab The Hon. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290088\charrsid13262765 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par The Hon. Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11946355\charrsid13262765  Terence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765  Arnold
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par Counsel:\tab \tab The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765  Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 in person
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2033480\charrsid13262765 Ms L L Latu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 for the Respondent
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:\tab 15 October 2024\tab 
\par Date of Judgment:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid4091177\charrsid13262765 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765  October 2024       
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid13262765 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3047011 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf19\insrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf19\insrsid12850251\charrsid12850251 Gates, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf19\insrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4808802 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf19\insrsid3047011\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the judgment of Keith J.  I am in agreement with the orders proposed, save those in relation to the allegation of incompetence against his lawyers.  Unhappily, I do not agree with my brother judges over the ord
er to remit this part of the appeal to the Court of Appeal to be considered afresh.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
How this issue is to be raised in the appellate courts is well established.  Incompetence of the trial lawyer is a claim sometimes lightly and easily made.  These are not claims the appellate courts are equipped to deal with.  I do not believe the present
 petitioner has made those allegations lightly, and I accept that his claim is made genuinely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Complaints can be brought to the Chief Registrar\rquote 
s Legal Practitioner\rquote s Unit, when the lawyer in question can fairly and properly be asked to respond to such complaints.  Investigations may result thereafter, and in some instances, a case of professional 
misconduct may be brought against the lawyer before the Independent Legal Services Commissioner (the ILSC).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The criticisms of this lawyer, as Keith J has noted, were not spelled out either in his notice of appeal to the Court of Appeal or in his written submissions in support of that appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 On the 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  of September 2018, the petitioner had made a formal complaint to the Chief Registrar\rquote s Legal Practitioner\rquote 
s Unit.  This was made seven months after his trial. The Court of Appeal was probably aware of it.  Such claims were not supported by sworn evidence
 in an affidavit.  They came to the notice of the court from documents which the petitioner had attached to his written submissions filed in response to the State\rquote s response to his own interlocutory application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305191\charrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
In the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3047011\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The petitioner raised this claim with the single judge of the Court of Appeal.  The Judge dealt with this ground, the 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  ground, at the hearing on the 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 of July 2020.  Delivering his judgment, refusing the application for an enlargement of time and for leave to appeal, Prematilaka JA said: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri856\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin856\lin1701\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 [58]\tab 
This ground of appeal consists of allegations and criticisms of the trial counsel.  The Court of Appeal set down the procedure to be followed prior to advancing a ground of appeal based on criticism of trial counsel in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 [2019] FJCA 254; AAU0078.2013 (28 November 2019).  The attention of the appellant was drawn to this aspect when the matter was mentioned on 28 May 2020.  However, he does not appear to have followed the guidelines given in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  and therefore, I shall not consider this ground of appeal.
\par 
\par [59]\tab By way of a general observation, I wish to add that section 35(4) of the CA Rules mandates that the notice of appeal shall precisely specify the grounds upon which the appeal is brought.  Many of the appellant\rquote 
s grounds of appeal lack this salutary requirement fully or partially which makes it harder for the appellate court to consider the merits of his appeal.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
In the Full Court Mataitoga JA reviewed all of the grounds.  His Lordship referred to the fact that the petitioner had been advised to follow the proper procedure and to provide supporting evidence, to follow the steps as set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 [2019] FJCA 254; AAU 78.2013 (28 November 2019).  The important advice was not followed.  The proper procedures were not followed to put the matter properly before the Court.  The court did not consider the ground of appeal in any depth because the prope
r procedures were not followed.  Further on Mataitoga JA made comments that the ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \'93was self-serving, scandalous, and misconceived.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284   Keith J interprets these to mean that the ground was not considered by the full court at all.  I take it differently.  I take it to mean that the ground was not correctly raised as laid down in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 and that both the single judge and the full court had dismissed the ground.  The matter had therefore been determined.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  decision had been upheld by the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Nilesh Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  [2022] FJSC 28 CAV0001.2020 (27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  October 2022) which had approved the procedure decided in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Regina v Doherty and McGregor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  [1997] EWCA Crim.556 (1997 2 Cr. App. R.218.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 The essence of that procedure is to provide for the Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \'93an objective and independent basis other than complaints made by the convicted criminal as to what happened.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 R v. Achogbuo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 [2014] EWCA Crim.567; [2014] WLR [D] 137.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4808802\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 It is not clear why the petitioner failed to he}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16409743 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 d the single judge\rquote 
s advice which was clearly designed to assist him in presenting this part of his case.  The petitioner, a police officer of 13 years experience, in addressing our court, appeared to be both intelligent and articulate.  In the Court of A
ppeal and Supreme Court he has been industrious in compiling his materials, documents and submissions.  His written submissions to the Court of Appeal alone was a document of 314 paragraphs in 52 pages.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid934841\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid934841\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 His c
riticism of Counsel
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12346284\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 The petitioner has listed many criticisms of hi
s two counsel.  One was for instance, that the medical report on the complainant was not produced by the defence.  The report was in the disclosures but not tendered by the prosecution.  In the report there were no injuries recorded.  This has often been 
the case.  A woman being raped may find the safest course for her to avoid further violence, is not to resist.  Counsel did not pursue a line challenging the identity of the rapist, nor the theory that when the petitioner did not drop her back to the host
el, out of frustration she made the complaint of rape against him.  The petitioner was also disappointed that no objection was made to the amendment of the charge of attempting to pervert the course of justice, to include \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 with others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 .\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
Keith J indicates 5 criticisms which the petitioner did not list in his criticisms.  One of them was that the lawyers did not make much of an issue arising out of the disclosures, namely the comments on her behavior made in statements of other police witn
esses not called.  His Lordship refers to the directions given to jurors in many jurisdictions that there is no typical response to rape.  The same could be said of the expression of grief by widows.  It can be of course only speculation as to why this ma
terial was not used by the defence to destroy the credibility of the complainant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The petitioner complains that his counsel failed to follow his instructions given by him before the commencement of the trial that he wanted to give evidence.  We were handed up the solicitor\rquote 
s 3 page letter in response sent to the Chief Registrar Legal Practitioners Unit.  At paragraph 11 of the letter his counsel explained:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2119689\charrsid2119689 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri856\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin856\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2119689 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \'93[11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
Before the trial and after the prosecution closed their case the complainant was advised on his right to give sworn testimony or remain silent.  The consequences of both were explained to him.  Hence he chose to remain silent.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri856\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin856\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2119689\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12348099\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The moment for final advice on whether an accused should give sworn evidence is when at the close of the prosecution\rquote 
s case the judge asks the accused whether he elects to give sworn testimony or to remain silent.  No doubt Counsel would have discussed th
is important decision with his client before the trial.  But the decision may also involve a consideration as to how well the defence have done with the prosecution evidence so far.  Obviously we do not know the full account of the advice.  But his Counse
l has summarized what happened and said the consequences of both elections were explained.  It remained a choice for the Petitioner, which he exercised himself.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12348099\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12348099\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
In view of the intelligence and articulateness of the petitioner, it would seem that he was properly explained the position before and after the prosecution case, and that the Counsel fulfilled his duties to his client.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 The Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 Vereivalu and Others v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
 [2022] FJSC 48; CAV0005.2019 (27 October 2022) took an unusual course for a Supreme Court in hearing evidence.  The criticisms of counsel were upheld.  The conduct revealed that counsel, who had an opportunity of being heard, had acted for all of the acc
used, consisting of two groups.  Each group blamed the other.  Their evidence amounted to what lawyers call }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \'93a cut throat defence.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284  The defence counsel was impossibly conflicted and had never put the def
ence to the witnesses of one of the groups.  He should never have acted for all of the accused.  The breach of ethical conduct was egregious.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The failures of Counsel in the instant case are not so clear cut, some of which are merely speculative.  They were never raised properly before or after the advice given by the single judge.  The petitioner had the opportunity and ability to raise them, a
nd failed to do so.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid12877097\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12346284\charrsid12346284 
The petition therefore fails to meet the criteria for this Court to grant leave, and I would decline leave on this issue only, that is the failure of his Counsel to provide him with a fair trial.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12850251 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12850251 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 Keith J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12850251\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9717341\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 
have been a large number of appeals in rape cases in the current session of the Supreme Court in which a considerable amount of time elapsed between when the allegation was first reported to the police and when the defendant\rquote s trial took place in t
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 he High Court.  This lapse of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 ime occurred both before the defen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 dant was charged and after.  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251  delay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 
in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 is case was not as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251  long as in the others, but it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 was nevertheless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 significant.  The issue in all these cases is whet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 
such part of the delay for which the defendant was not responsible resulted in the defendant being denied a fair trial, and even if it did not, whether it should have had an effect on the sentence passed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13066873\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9717341\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid12850251 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s19 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3878723\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid3504403 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid3878723\charrsid12850251 The present case raises another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 important }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3878723\charrsid12850251 
issue.  Not infrequently, defendants who have been convicted complain about their legal representation at trial.  Such complaints are easy to make which is why an appellate court will often be sceptical about them.  But they will usually be quite serious 
which is why the appellate court will look at them with care.  A procedure was approved by the Court of Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\insrsid3878723\charrsid12850251 
Nilesh Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\cf1\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2019] FJCA 254.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3878723\charrsid12850251 
for determining such complaints.  If there is a factual dispute between the defendant and their counsel at trial, it may be necessary for both of them to give evidence before the appellate court and be subject to cross-examination to enable the court to d
etermine where the truth lies.  That will not happen very often.  It will only happen where the issue cannot be resolved in some other way, and if the determination of the issue is crucial to the outcome of the appeal.  This is a case in which serious com
plaints are made about the quality of the legal representation which the petitioner received at his trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3878723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3504403 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3504403 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid3504403\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15750970\charrsid12850251 The petitioner is Viliame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251  Waqaninavatu.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid12850251 
He was known as Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 , and I shall refer to him as that in accordance with the usual practice in Fiji.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15468041\charrsid12850251 He was charged with rape}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5969045\charrsid12850251  and attempting to pervert the course of justice by \'93forcing\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid12850251  the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7561519\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5969045\charrsid12850251 
to withdraw her complaint of rape against him.  His trial on these two charg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15468041\charrsid12850251 es took place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5969045\charrsid12850251 
 in the High Court at Lautoka before Madigan J.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12459543 He had pleaded not guilty.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15868208\charrsid12850251 
He was represented by two members of the same firm at his trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5969045\charrsid12850251 The three assessors all ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 
pressed the opinion that Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5969045\charrsid12850251  was guilty on both charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5661681\charrsid12850251 , and the judge agreed }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 with them.  He sentenced Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5661681\charrsid12850251  to 8 years\rquote  imprisonment for the rape with a non-parole period of 7
 years, and to 18 months\rquote  imprisonment on the charge of attempting to pervert the course of justice, to be served concurrently with the sentence for the rape.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7561519\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid3504403\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12850251\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8158176\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7561519\charrsid12850251  appealed to the Court of Appeal against his conviction.  It was lodged out of time.  The single judge refused to extend his time for lodging h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 is notice of appeal, and Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7561519\charrsid12850251  renewed his application for an extension of time to the Full Court.  It looks as if the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid12850251 Full }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7561519\charrsid12850251 Court did not appreciate that, because it did not address whether this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid12850251  was an appropriate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251  case to extend Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid12850251 \rquote 
s time for appealing or whether leave to appeal should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid12850251 granted.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid12850251 
Having considered the grounds of appeal, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 t dismissed the appeal.  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5661681\charrsid12850251 now applies to the Supreme Court for leave to appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid12850251 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5661681\charrsid12850251 his conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid12850251  and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5661681 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16667538\charrsid16667538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12917496\charrsid16667538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid16667538 In view of Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538 \rquote s criticisms of the lawyers who represented him at his trial, it is unsurprising that he has been representing himself since then.  That has resulted in a particular problem which the Court of Appeal not}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid16667538 ed.  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538  filed an enormous number of documents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538  \endash  both before the hearing of his appeal in the Court of Appeal and since then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538 .  They consist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid16667538 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538 d of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid16667538  notices of motion, unsworn affidavi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538 ts and written submissions.  They included many grounds of appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid16667538 and those grounds of appeal kep}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3878723\charrsid16667538 t changing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid16667538   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9992235\charrsid16667538 H
e drafted them all himself.  They are repetitive and at times unstructured.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid16667538 As the Court of Appeal said in its judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12850251 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs2\insrsid12850251\charrsid7102495 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri855\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1701\itap0\pararsid16667538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid12850251 14.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251 
Due to the haphazard way in which the grounds of appeal have been put together and submitted to the court registry, it was difficult to focus the court\rquote 
s assessment of the claims made and the supporting evidence in a coordinated way.  This was clear derog
ation from the requirement in Rule 35(4) Court of Appeal Rules which states that the Notice of Appeal shall precisely specify the appeal grounds.  Further, Rule 36(1) of the Court of Appeal Rules, requires that the precise question of law, upon which the 
appeal is brought must be set out in the Notice of Appeal.  Despite these rules, the appellant was allowed to submit barebones claims of unfairness and unreasonableness by the trial judge without reference to any basis in law or evidence adduced in court.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1701\itap0\pararsid5443346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251 This app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid12850251 
eal should not have be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1189376\charrsid12850251 en listed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid12850251 
 until the above rules were fully satisfied.  I hope for the future, these rules will be better implemented to avoid the situation in this appeal, where the grounds of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 
appeal have been amended so oft}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid12850251 en; even on the day of the hearing further amendment were being sought by the appellant, to be considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid12850251 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6767468\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2023] FJCA 72 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7869159\charrsid6767468 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Mataitoga JA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4261732 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5443346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5443346\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538 I agree with these observations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9992235\charrsid16667538 
 subject to this.  Litigants representing themselves will very often be incapable of drafting their grounds of appeal and their written submissions in accordance with the rules.  There may be many reasons for that \endash 
 lack of education and unfamiliarity with English}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9992235\charrsid16667538 are obvious examples.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9992235\charrsid16667538 In addition, they frequently do not understand the limited role of an appellate court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12988786\charrsid16667538 For example, some of their grounds of appeal, when properly analysed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538 will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12988786\charrsid16667538 
amount to a contention that the trial judge did not take sufficient account of, or give sufficient weight to, a par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538 
ticular aspect of the evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12988786\charrsid16667538 An argument along those lines has its limi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538 tations.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12988786\charrsid16667538 
The weight to be attached to some feature of the evidence, and the extent to which it assists the court in determining whether a defendant\rquote 
s guilt has been proved, are matters for the trial judge, and any adverse view about it taken by the trial judge can only be made a ground of appeal if the view which the judge took was one which could not reasonably have been taken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12988786\charrsid16667538   It is necessary to take all that into account before the drastic step of not listing an appeal is taken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12988786 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16667538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538 
The problems posed by many documents being filed by unrepresented litigants for the purpose of an appeal ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15955862\charrsid16667538 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538  been highlighted by the Supreme Court many time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15955862\charrsid16667538 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538  
\endash  most recently in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538 Navuda v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7426772\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2023] FJSC 45 at paras 12-3 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7869159\charrsid7426772 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Keith J).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538 
  The burden placed on the appellate court to sort out the wheat from the chaff is not inconsiderable.  In this judgment, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538 
I propose to deal only with those grounds of appeal which are still being pursued,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426772\charrsid16667538  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538 
though to understand them it is necessary to summari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid16667538 se the evidence given at Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid16667538 \rquote s trial.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7423723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16667538\charrsid16667538 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16667538 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16667538\charrsid12850251 The evidence at trial
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16667538\charrsid16667538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid16667538\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 The principal evidence was tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid16667538 t of complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 .  She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid16667538 
was referred to as Mere by the trial judge in his judgment to preserve her anonymity, even though he had referred to her by her proper name in his summing-up, as did the Court of Appeal in its judgment.  She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 said that in the early hours of 27 October 2012 she had been drinking grog at her sister\rquote s home with her two roommates.  While she was there, her friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid16667538 Sai called her.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 He asked her to go to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538  a nightclub in Nadi
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8938399\charrsid16667538 .  She and her two friends went there, and stayed there with Sai for about two and a half hours.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538 
  The four of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538 went to another nightclub in Nadi.  It was called After Dark.  While the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid16667538 y were there, Sai introduced Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid16667538 a man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid16667538 who she had not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12732216\charrsid16667538  met}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538  before.  When the nightclub closed about an hour lat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid16667538 
er, she left with the man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid16667538 , and he asked her to go with him to his home as he wanted to pick up some money.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14901258\charrsid16667538   She agreed and they went there by taxi.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14901258 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid3890117\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890117 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14901258\charrsid3890117 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid3890117\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14901258\charrsid3890117 When they got to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16274381\charrsid3890117 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid3890117 building where he lived, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14901258\charrsid3890117 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid3890117 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid3890117  took her to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid3890117 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid3890117 room in it and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid3890117 closed t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274381\charrsid3890117 he door}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid3890117  behind her.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid3890117 e asked her to hug him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14901258\charrsid3890117 She refused to do that, and told him that they were just supposed to pick up some money.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8016117\charrsid3890117  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16274381\charrsid3890117  He told her to sit on the bed and wait for him.  She did so, and he began to hug her.  She told him to move away from her, but he grabbed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274381\charrsid3890117 
and he ended up lying on the bed on top of her.  He pulled down her knickers, unzipped his pants and put his penis into her vagina.  She had not allowed him to do that and was crying.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid3890117   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid3890117 When he had finished, the man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274381\charrsid3890117 
 left her.  She went outside where she saw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180364\charrsid3890117  two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid3890117  police officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2180364\charrsid3890117 s.   She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947836\charrsid3890117 ran towards them and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180364\charrsid3890117 told them}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid3890117  what had happened to her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180364\charrsid3890117   One of them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15139925\charrsid3890117  took her to a police station because he did not want to talk in a public place about what she was telling him.  There she was interviewed by another police officer, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12531795\charrsid3890117 told her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid3890117  what had happened.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15139925\charrsid3890117 
hat was when she learned that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid3890117 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117 name of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid3890117 man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117  who she claimed had raped her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid3890117  was V}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117 ili,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid3890117  that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15139925\charrsid3890117 was a police officer}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433147\charrsid3890117 , and that the building in which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid3890117  she had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid3890117 raped were bachelor quarters occupied by police officers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid3890117  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14555462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462 
Mere said that while at the police station Vili had been brought in and she confirmed that he was the man she had been referring to.  There had not been an identification parade at the police stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid14555462 ion, but Mere identified Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462  in court as the man who had raped her.  Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12531795\charrsid14555462 Assistant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890117\charrsid14555462 Superintendent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12531795\charrsid14555462  Petero Tuin}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6767468\charrsid14555462 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12531795\charrsid14555462 rarama,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462 
 who had been outside After Dark and had seen Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid14555462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9321546\charrsid14555462 (who he knew) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12605598\charrsid14555462 come out of After Dark behind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462  a woman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14366171\charrsid14555462 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462  gave evidence that he saw that woman again at the police station }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12531795\charrsid14555462 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487\charrsid14555462 that morning. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14555462\charrsid14555462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462  also gave evidence about a number of times over the next few days when she was asked to withdraw her complaint.  On one occasion a police of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid14555462 ficer named Patrick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814672\charrsid14555462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 came to Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462 s home wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462 th Vili\rquote s wife}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462 , and Patrick }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462 ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462 ed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462  her withdraw her complaint.  On another oc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 casion, Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10566675\charrsid14555462  and her roommate were taken by Patrick to Vili\rquote s home where Vili and his wife again asked her to withdraw her complaint, offering her money to do so, which would be paid when Vili got his job back.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462   Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462  told them that she was not goin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 g to withdraw her complaint.  Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462  also gave evidence about things her sister had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid282334\charrsid14555462  told her about visits which her sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462  had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462 
had from Patrick, but since Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462 \rquote s sister was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid14555462  called to give evidence, Mere}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1580229\charrsid14555462 \rquote s evidence about what her siste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16537323\charrsid14555462 r had told her was hearsay.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid724920\charrsid14555462 I return to that later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7224372\charrsid14555462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7224372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14555462\charrsid14555462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4266436\charrsid14555462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid14555462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266436\charrsid14555462 The only other witness was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10947836\charrsid14555462  one of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266436\charrsid14555462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10947836\charrsid14555462 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462 police officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947836\charrsid14555462 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462  who Mere had spoken to when she got outside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462 That was }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14555462\charrsid14555462 Superintendent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462  Pita Keni.  He was the Commanding Officer of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 e local force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3364132\charrsid14555462   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462  Pita confirmed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462  that he had first seen her that morning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 
outside the bachelor quarters.  She was talking to another officer, Constable Ledua Veiqaravi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462  \endash  \'93just normal social talk\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462 had appeared normal then, but about 10 minutes later she had turned up at his home.  She ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 peared \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid9459627 frustrated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462   It was then that she told him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513833\charrsid14555462 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462 
she had been raped }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462 that morning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462 in the building}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462  which she was later to learn had been bachelor quarters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2040490\charrsid14555462  for p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462 olice officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462 .  She did not say by whom, nor w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462 
as she crying.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11102356\charrsid14555462 
then went }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2040490\charrsid14555462 back to the quarters and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462 checked the room where she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3688281\charrsid14555462  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813491\charrsid14555462  said it had happened.  It was an unoccupied room at the time, and no-one was in there.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462   He then took her to Namaka Police Station, where he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8726434\charrsid14555462 handed her over to Corporal Jos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2952355\charrsid14555462 ua Cakausese who would be in charge of the investigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid14555462   Mere\rquote s evidence had been that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid14555462 t was to Josua and anothe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid14555462 r officer named Kelera that she had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid14555462  identified Vili as the man who had raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9513088\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513088 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 Vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid9513088 li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1399862\charrsid9513088  elected not to give evidence, nor were any witnesses called on his behalf.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid9513088  It was not suggested by Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9263660\charrsid9513088 s la}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088 wyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 
 that this was a case of mistaken identification.  Nor was it ever put to Mere that if s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid9513088 he had indeed been raped Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088  was not the man who had raped her.  Indeed, no positive c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid9513088 ase was put on Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 \rquote s behalf.  What was put to Mere was simply that her evidence was a total fabrication.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15359592 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8790891 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513088\charrsid9513088 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15359592\charrsid12850251 The trial judge\rquote 
s judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7224372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9513088\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15359592\charrsid9513088 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15359592\charrsid9513088 The trial judge found Mere to have been a convincing witness.  He described her as \'93determined and confident\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513833\charrsid9513088 
He did not comment on Pita\rquote 
s description of what she was like when he came across her and Ledua, which at first blush did not sit well with someone who had just been raped, though courts have been anxious to say that there is no typical response to rape. 
 Women behave in different ways when they have just gone through}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid9513088  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513833\charrsid9513088 
 traumatic experience of being raped.  The judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15359592\charrsid9513088 did not say that he found anything implausible in her account of what she said had happened to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12717321\charrsid9513088 , and he did not say that ther}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15359592\charrsid9513088 
e had been anything in the way in which she had given her evidence for him to doubt what she had said.  What she had told the police officer who she had spoken to shortly afterwards was consistent with her evidence in court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8790891 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8790891 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8790891\charrsid8790891 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2914357\charrsid12850251 The appeal to the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2914357 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9513088 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1977499\charrsid9513088 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9513088\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid9513088 Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid9513088 originally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid9513088 drafted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid9513088 11 grounds of ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021793\charrsid9513088 peal, but others were added lat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid9513088 
er.  By the time of the hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021793\charrsid9513088 ring befo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2914357\charrsid9513088 re the Full Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7021793\charrsid9513088 there were 23 grounds of appeal, supported by various sets of written submission, aga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12937410\charrsid9513088 in all drafted by Vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021793\charrsid9513088 li himself, the longest of which ran to closely typed 53 pages.  All were rejected by th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4261732\charrsid9513088 e Court of Appeal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12937410\charrsid9513088 Vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917496\charrsid9513088 li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021793\charrsid9513088 
 has now refined his grounds of appeal for the purposes of his petition to the Supreme Court.  Those are the grounds which need now to be addressed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7224372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9513088\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9513088\charrsid9513088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8879247\charrsid12850251 The current}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7021793\charrsid12850251 
 grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7021793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9513088\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8879247\charrsid9513088 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8879247\charrsid9513088 The current}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3041071\charrsid9513088  grounds of appeal were also drafted by Viliame himself. He also drafted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6832754\charrsid9513088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3041071\charrsid9513088 the submissions in support of them.  They ran to 31 pages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8070528\charrsid9513088 
 with three appendices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7350309\charrsid9513088 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8070528\charrsid9513088 They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073\charrsid9513088 were not drafted as crisply as a lawyer would have drafted them, but they are sufficiently intelligible for them to be addressed.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088 hey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073\charrsid9513088 relate to aspects of the trial proce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid489969\charrsid9513088 ss, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088  judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid489969\charrsid9513088 \rquote s summing-up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid489969\charrsid9513088 supposed inconsistencies in Mere\rquote s account, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1644759\charrsid9513088 the ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid9513088 mission of hearsay evidence, the evidence (or lack of it) of identification, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8879247\charrsid9513088 calibre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid9513088  of his lawyers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8879247\charrsid9513088  and the delay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid9513088   The latter are the only two which in my opinion have any substance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8070528\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7224372\charrsid7224372 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073\charrsid12850251 The trial process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10253936\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4084073\charrsid10253936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 35.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073\charrsid10253936 Disclosure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4084073\charrsid10253936 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12746722\charrsid10253936   Prior to the trial, the defenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5198366\charrsid10253936 
e told the court that it wanted the State to provide them with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12746722\charrsid10253936  the witness statements of two pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5198366\charrsid10253936 ople: those of Corporal Danie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 l Naidu and Selata Wai.  Vili}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5198366\charrsid10253936 
 says that these people were his neighbour in the police quarters and his wife.  The court was told by counsel for the State that the State did not have them.  Whether that meant that no witness statements were ever taken from them, or whether witness sta
tements were taken from them but that they could not be found, is not clear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936   Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936  claims that the defence should have been provided wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12148467\charrsid10253936 
th them, but he has never said in what way he thought those witness statements might have been advantageous to him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5198366\charrsid10253936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4084073\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253936\charrsid10253936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 36.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936 
There is another feature about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 disclosure of which Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936  complains.  He claims that two years after his trial the two officers who had originally charged him on 20 November 2013 visited him in prison, and purpor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15016763\charrsid10253936 ted to arrest and charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936 
him with the same two offences of which he had already been convicted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936   Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15016763\charrsid10253936  says that they were shocked to discover that these offences had already been the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 ubject of a trial.  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1323315\charrsid10253936  claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15016763\charrsid10253936 that it is little wonder that witness statements got mislaid, and perhaps there were other documents which should have been disclosed to him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7224372\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253936\charrsid10253936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 37.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 None of this gets Vili}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid10253936  very far.  The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1323315\charrsid10253936  could}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936  only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4291715\charrsid10253936 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936 disclose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4291715\charrsid10253936 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936  such docume}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4291715\charrsid10253936 nts as were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936  still in its possession.  Whether or not stateme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 
nts were ever taken from Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936 \rquote s neighbo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4291715\charrsid10253936 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936 r and his wife, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid10253936 he fact was that the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936  no longer had them \endash 
 if indeed they had ever existed.  The matter was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936  not pursued at trial by Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936 \rquote s counsel.  And the surprising post-t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 
rial events described by Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936  \endash  if true \endash  show that the officers originally involved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 in Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8400859\charrsid10253936 \rquote 
s case were not kept informed of later events, but it is a big leap to say from that that there were relevant documents which should have been disclosed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881793\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253936\charrsid10253936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7364917\charrsid10253936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 38.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7364917\charrsid10253936 The absence of Viliame}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7364917\charrsid10253936 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936  was on bail durin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16384616\charrsid10253936 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936  his t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16384616\charrsid10253936 ria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 l.  He attended his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid10253936 tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16384616\charrsid10253936 al throughout the evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 ence and during closing speeche}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16384616\charrsid10253936 s.  But he was not in court during the judge\rquote s summing-up which bega}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 n at the be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16384616\charrsid10253936 ginning of the third day of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936   He claims that the judge sat earlier that day than he had been led to expect.  We have not been told whether the State agrees with that, but the cruci}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid10253936 al point is that his lawyers were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936  there (which suggests that they knew what time the court was due to sit that day), and no objection was taken to the judge summing the case up to the assess}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 ors in the absence of Vili.  Nor did Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid10253936 s lawyers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 
suggest to the judge at the conclusion of the summing-up that there was anything which the trial judge had said which needed to be corrected.  It would, of course, have been safer if the case had been stood d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 own for a while to await Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6557444\charrsid10253936 \rquote 
s arrival, but in the circumstances his trial was not rendered unfair by his absence from court during the summing-up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10579575\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253936\charrsid10253936 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12850251 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid489969\charrsid12850251 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid12850251 judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid489969\charrsid12850251 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid12850251  summing-up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 39.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid10253936\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid10253936 Calling Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid10253936  the rapist}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid10253936 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid10253936 In the cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid10253936 rse of his summing-up, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid10253936  judge said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10579575\charrsid15271580 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13652264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15271580\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid12850251 \'93[Mere] admitted that there was no formal identification parade at the station, but she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 saw h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 im there and identified [Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10579575\charrsid12850251  as her rapist.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251   (Emphasis supplied)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 274 of the Record of the High Court, para 20.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13263160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 
This is said by Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251  to have amount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 
 to the judge pre-judging the case.  The Court of Appeal, while not going that far, described the judge\rquote s language as \'93unfortunate and unfair\'94, but that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 t had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251  not result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251  in a miscarriage of justice.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 I do not agree.  Mere had told the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 
 that she had been raped,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251  and the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251  was simply saying that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 she had added that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 the man she saw at the police was the man who she said had raped her.  No-one could reasonably say that the judge had meant anything else. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8790891 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 40.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13263160\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 Fijian lifestyle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid15271580 Elsewhere in his summing-up, the judge said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7539048\charrsid15271580 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13263160 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251 \'93You must look at the evidence dispassionately and with the wisdom of your experience of the community and the Fijian lifestyle.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 270 of the Record of the High Court, para 5.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7539048\charrsid12850251   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri855\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13652264 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs10\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16474453\charrsid16474453 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251 The judge
\rquote s reference to the Fijian lifestyle is said by Viliame to have amount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid12850251 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251  to racial stereotyping.  The Court of Appeal, while again not going that far, described the judge\rquote s language, and the context in which the judge used it, as \'93
unnecessary, belittling, and condescending\'94, but that again it had not resulted in a miscarriage of justice.  I do not agree with that either.  The judge was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5197437\charrsid12850251  simply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5048901\charrsid12850251  trying to get across to the assessors that}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5197437\charrsid12850251 
 they should use their own experience of the way people behave in Fiji when deciding where the truth lay.  No-one could reasonably say that the judge had meant anything else.  He was certainly not suggesting that there was any particular characteristic of
 Fijian behaviour which should inform the assessors\rquote  thinking.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13652264\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 41.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 Medical report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13972552\charrsid15271580 A third criticism of the judge\rquote s summing-up relates to the way the judge dealt with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid15271580  the following passage in Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13972552\charrsid15271580 \rquote s lawyer\rquote 
s closing speech to the assessors:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13972552\charrsid15271580 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8790891 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15271580\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13972552\charrsid12850251 \'93
[Mere] said she was taken to hospital.  Where is a medical report to prove sexual intercourse did occur?  Where is a medical report to say that she was raped by force \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 405 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3172924\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3172924\charrsid12850251 
The judge referred to that in the context of his direction to the assessors to determine the case solely on the evidence given in court.  He said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3172924 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs14\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16474453\charrsid16474453 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8790891 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3172924\charrsid12850251 \'93I ask you to ignore [counsel\rquote s] comments in his closing speech abo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16667358\charrsid12850251 ut the lack of medical evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3172924\charrsid12850251 
.  Maybe she never saw a doctor?  Medical evidence was not called and you are not to speculate why.  Again, I stress, judge the case on the evidence before you.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2304241\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 270 of the Record of the High Court, para 4.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16667358 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri567\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13511660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs10\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16474453\charrsid16474453 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8158176 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12850251 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16667358\charrsid12850251 \rquote s point is that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16667358\charrsid12850251 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16667358\charrsid12850251 
 a medical report on Mere, it had been included in the disclosures, but it said that no internal injuries were found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10761306 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13511660 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11668978\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10761306\charrsid15271580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 42.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15271580\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10761306\charrsid15271580 Once again, the difficulty is that the report was not in ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid15271580 idence.  Neither the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10761306\charrsid15271580 
 nor the defence sought to have it exhibited.  The judge was therefore right when he told the assessors not to speculate what was in it.  Having said that, the point which the defence was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 making}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid15271580  was that the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10761306\charrsid15271580 
 had not called any medical evidence to show that Mere had sustained injuries consistent with forceful sexual intercourse.  That would not have been asking the assessors to speculate what had been in any medical report prepared on her.  It would have been
 inviting the assessors to infer that she could not have had any such injuries from the absence of evidence to the contrary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 
  It would have been preferable if the judge had told the assessors that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11932417\charrsid15271580 \endash  and therefore directed himself in that way \endash  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7279810\charrsid15271580 instead of what he actually told them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11668978\charrsid15271580 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15271580\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15271580\charrsid15271580 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 43.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15271580\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 The complaint to Pita}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 .  It will be recalled that Pita\rquote 
s evidence was that when he saw Mere and Ledua outside the quarters they were chatting normally.  She only complained of rape to him, Pita, when she came to his home.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7044388\charrsid15271580   That, at least, is how I read the transcript of Pita\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7044388\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7044388 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 
 Pages 393-397 of the Record of the High Court.  Indeed, my reading of the transcript is entirely consistent with the witness statement which Pita gave (page 315 of the Record of the High Court).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7044388\charrsid15271580 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid15271580 It is also what Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14580875\charrsid15271580 \rquote s lawyers understood Pita\rquote 
s evidence to have been.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14580875\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  See the defence\rquote s closing speech at page 405 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14580875\charrsid15271580 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 However, when reminding the assessors of Pita\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1313023\charrsid15271580 s evidence, the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580  told the assessors that Mere had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11932417\charrsid15271580 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 
told Pita that she had been raped when she and Ledua had been talking to him earlier.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12729710\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 274 of the Record of the High Court, para 22.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2040490\charrsid15271580 
  That was not an accurate summary of Pita\rquote s evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16653994\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9858187\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 44.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9858187\charrsid5658466 That was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16653994\charrsid5658466  important.  It meant that she did not report the rape at the earli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466 est opportunity.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9858187\charrsid5658466 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466 n many jurisdictions judges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15412904\charrsid5658466 
 are required, when summing up in a rape case, to tell the jury that they s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466 hould avo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15412904\charrsid5658466 id making fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466 lse assumptions or adopting mi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15412904\charrsid5658466 sleading stereotypes a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466 bout rape.  There is no typica}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15412904\charrsid5658466 l response to rape. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466 The woman\rquote 
s reaction may not be what one might have expected or what the members of the jury might have thought they would have done in similar circumstances.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466 Some women may complain about it immediately, but others not for some time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466   The fact that they did not do so immediately does not necessarily mean that the complaint was a false one.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12482403\charrsid5658466 It all depends on the reason the woman gives for not reporting it immediately.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466 The difficulty is that Mere was never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12482403\charrsid5658466 recalled, once}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466  Pita had giv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12482403\charrsid5658466 en his evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466 to be asked whether she agreed that she only told Pita that she had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12482403\charrsid5658466  raped when she went to his home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16203166\charrsid5658466 , and if so, why she had not mention}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12482403\charrsid5658466 ed it to him earlier when she w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14580875\charrsid5658466 
as talking to Ledua.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12326520\charrsid5658466 So again the evidential basis for advancing an argument based on the judge\rquote 
s inaccurate summary of this feature of the evidence has not been established. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4529723\charrsid5658466   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16653994\charrsid5658466    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6367866\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 45.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 The c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11932417\charrsid5658466 ondom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11932417\charrsid5658466 .  When summarizing Mere\rquote 
s evidence to the assessors, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 the judge said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8647\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13579220 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid12850251 \'93
[Mere] admitted that she told the Police he was wearing a condom, something that she did not say in her evidence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12729710\charrsid12850251 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 274 of the Record of the High Court, para 19.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8158176 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499\charrsid12850251 
He characterized the inconsistency between her witness statement and her evidence about the condom as \'93minor\'94, and unsurprising given the lapse of time between when the statement was made and her evidence in court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1977499 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1977499\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 46.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1977499\charrsid5658466 The judge\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466  summary of Mere\rquote s evidence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1977499\charrsid5658466  was incomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10386287\charrsid5658466 
When she was being questioned in chief, she was not asked whether the man had been wearing a condom.  She was asked that in cross-examination, and she said that he had not been.  She was then reminded that in the witness statement she had made on the foll
owing morning, she had said that he had been wearing a condom, and that she had seen him take it off and throw it out of the window.  Despite that, she maintained that she had only told the police that she had felt that he had been wearing something slipp
ery, and she added that when she had been examined at the hospital she had been \'93assumed\'94 (this presumably was a mistype for \'93assured\'94) that he had not been wearing a condom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12326520\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6367866 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9652346\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 47.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9652346\charrsid5658466 The judge\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12326520\charrsid5658466 s i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14967038\charrsid5658466 ncomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9652346\charrsid5658466  summary of Mere\rquote 
s evidence about the condom is not something on which Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11870994\charrsid5658466  relied.  His point is that Mere would ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9858187\charrsid5658466 
ve known whether the man who ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11870994\charrsid5658466 ped her had been wearing a condom.  She was therefore not being truthful here.  However, that was for the assessors \endash  and then the judge 
\endash  to assess, and there is no reason to suppose that they did not.  Nor do I think that the incompleteness of the judge\rquote s summary of Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14580875\charrsid5658466 s evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11870994\charrsid5658466 dence on the topic gets Viliame anywhere.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 his was a very short
 trial.  The assessors would have remembered what Mere\rquote 
s evidence had been about what she claimed she had told the police about the condom.  A judge is not required to remind the assessors of all the evidence so long as the summing-up covers the salient p
arts of it.  In all the circumstances, what the judge said about Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11870994\charrsid5658466 s evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 
ence about the condom was sufficient.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 48.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 I turn to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 Mere\rquote s evidence about what she had been assured at the hospital. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14967038\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 The inferen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 ce which someone might have drawn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 
 from that is that vagin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 al swabs had been taken from Mere and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466  had revealed the presence of semen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 .  That would not have been fair to e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7674023\charrsid5658466 ither Viliame or the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466  since Mere\rquote s evidence from which that inference might have been drawn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466  was hearsay, no evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466 having been given of the basis on which she had been given the assurance she spoke about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2653717\charrsid5658466 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4748193\charrsid5658466   In the event, though, the assessors were not asked to draw that inference.  No reference was made to it in the closing speeches of any of the lawyers.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6367866 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5658466\charrsid12850251 Inconsistencies in Mere\rquote s account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 49.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3160967\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 pointed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid5658466 what he claimed were a number of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2180364\charrsid5658466 incon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 sistencie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11102356\charrsid5658466 s i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid5658466  either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 Mere\rquote s account of what had happened to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid5658466 
 or between her account and that of other witnesses or potential witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 .  First, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3160967\charrsid5658466 claims that Mere\rquote s evidence about having identified him at the police station as the man who had raped her was inconsistent with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid5658466 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466  later evidence that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 he only time she had met Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466  was when Patrick had taken h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 er to Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 s home.  In fact, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466 
here was no such inconsistency.  The question sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 e was asked about seeing Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466  at his home was about th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466 e only time she had seen Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466 after the night of the incident}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466 .  She was not saying that that was the only time she had seen him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11556969\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 50.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 
Secondly, the disclosures included a witness statement from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9915490\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 Mere which had been taken by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9915490\charrsid5658466 WSC Elesi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15814672\charrsid5658466 Tuvou }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9915490\charrsid5658466 at 11.45 am on 27 October 2012 \endash 
 ie within a few hours of when Me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9858187\charrsid5658466 re claimed to have been raped.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 In that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14366171\charrsid5658466 
 witness statement, Mere said that the room to which the man who raped her had t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 aken her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14366171\charrsid5658466 was \'93the last room on the right hand side of the right compartment\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 300 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid5658466   Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466  drew our attention}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466  to tw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466  witness statements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13065795\charrsid5658466 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466  disclosures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 , whose combined effect was to contradict that.  One was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1736559\charrsid5658466 
rom Special Constable Josefa Kama to the effect that that room was occupied by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 
Constable Rogoele Nava, and the other was a statement from Rogoele to the effect that he had been in his room all that night.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid12850251 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Josefa\rquote s and Rogoele\rquote s statements are at pages 316 and 319 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466   The fact that the room in which Mere ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7674023\charrsid5658466 d claimed to have been raped }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 had been occupied all night shows, says Viliame, that she could not have been raped where she said she was.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658466\charrsid5658466 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 51.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid5658466\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid5658466 
The difficulty with this contention is that there is no evidential basis for it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466 
  Mere was not cross-examined on this part of the witness statement she gave to Elesi, and neither Josefa or Rogoele were called to give evidence.  The inconsistency }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11543476\charrsid5658466 in the witness statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466 
was never explored or even mentioned in the course of the trial.  The only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4809517\charrsid5658466  about where the alleged rape had taken place was that of Pita that the room was unoccupied, but even that was hearsay because it was based on what Mere had 
told him, and she never gave evidence herself about which room she had been raped in.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11543476\charrsid7677037 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7677037\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7677037\charrsid7677037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11543476\charrsid7677037 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 52.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid7677037\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11543476\charrsid7677037 Thirdly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13065795\charrsid7677037  Mere described in her evidence how she had been sitting on the bed when the man forced her on to her back and raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid7677037   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16653994\charrsid7677037 
As I read her evidence, she was also saying that there had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid7677037  a mattress in the corner of the room}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16653994\charrsid7677037  as well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10386287\charrsid7677037 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13065795\charrsid7677037 However, in the witness statement which she gave to Elesi she said that the man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11543476\charrsid7677037  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10433147\charrsid7677037 \'93told me to sit on a mattress which was laid on the floor\'94.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 300 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10433147\charrsid7677037   In other word}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16653994\charrsid7677037 s, he had told her to sit on a mattress, not on a bed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10433147\charrsid7677037 
.  Again, the difficulty with this was that Mere was not cross-examined on this part of her witness statement.  The inconsistency \endash  if it could be described as such \endash 
 was never explored or even mentioned in the course of the trial.  In other words, there was no evidential foundation for it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15562791\charrsid7677037  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7677037\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7677037\charrsid7677037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 53.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13699383\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037 Fourthly, Mere\rquote 
s evidence was that on leaving the building in which she had been raped, she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037 ran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037  over to the two police of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037 ficers she saw outside.  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947836\charrsid7677037  claims that that was inconsistent with Pita\rquote s evidence.  Pita said that he did n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid7677037 
ot see her running because she was already talking to Ledua, the other officer, when he first saw her.  So such inconsistency as there was between her evidence and that of Pita was not that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid7677037 ran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid7677037 
 to the police officers, but that she was talking to Ledua first before Pita joined them.  That may be so, but it was for the assessors \endash  and then the judge \endash 
 to determine whether or not that minor inconsistency undermined her credibility as a witness.  To the extent that they considered it, they must have determined that it did not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid479630\charrsid7677037 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13699383\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7677037\charrsid7677037 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699383 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7677037\charrsid12850251 Hearsay evidence
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13699383\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7677037\charrsid7677037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 54.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13699383\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15926279\charrsid7677037  argued that the judge permitted inadmissible hearsay evidence to be given.  Three examples were relied on.  First,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037  Mere\rquote s ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037 idence was that Sai knew Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 .  Only Sai could know that, and he was not called to give evidence.  That argument is misconceived.  Mere gave that evidence having}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037  been asked how she met Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 .  She said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid7677037  that Sai had called Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 
 over.  The only fair reading of her evidence was that she was saying that it was because Sai had called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid7677037  Vil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3610960 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037  over when they were at After Dark that she realised that Sai knew him.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 55.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid7677037\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10947361\charrsid7677037 Secondly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid7677037  there is this passage in Mere\rquote s evidence-in-chief:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503418\charrsid7677037 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1584079 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367866\charrsid16474453 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 \'93Q. What happened at the police station?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6367866 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin855\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367866  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 
At the police station Peter asked one Police officer and the police officer said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367866   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 its Vili the name of the boy is Vili because I told them I don\rquote 
t know Vili is a Police man or what because they never told me he is a police man.  From there I came to know he is a police officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li927\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\tx8647\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin927\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Q.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin567\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 What did they ask him?

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li927\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin927\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 Peter}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 asked him My Lord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 who came with me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 to that room and that off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 icer told Pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 that it was Vili.  From there I came to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418\charrsid12850251 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 that Vili stays in the quarters but not in the dome.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Pages 380-381 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367866\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 Peter is a reference to Pita, and \'93dome\'94 is a mistype for \'93dorm\'94.  The effect of this evidence is that an uni}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12850251 dentified officer told Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8667923\charrsid12850251 
 that the man who had gone with Mere to the room in the police quarters was Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12850251 
, and it was that which resulted in Mere knowing the name of the man who she said had raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15085916\charrsid12850251   Vili claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16459261\charrsid12850251 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7999127\charrsid12850251  this amounted to inadmissible }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16459261\charrsid12850251 hearsay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13792633\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 56.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 The difficulty here is that we do not know the source of the unidentified officer\rquote 
s information that the man who had been with Mere in the room had been Vili.  If it had been something which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 Mere}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 
 had said, it would not have been hearsay.  It would only have been hearsay if it had been something which someone else had said.  The source of the unidentified officer\rquote 
s information was not explored at trial, and so we are none the wiser.  Having said that, it would not, I think, have been entirely clear at the time what Mere was saying in this part of the evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12475214 and in any event the judge did n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 ot remind the assessors about it.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12475214   My strong impression is that, if indeed this was hearsay (a big \'93if\'94), it would have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7881157\charrsid12475214 played little, if any, part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid12475214  in the assessors\rquote  thinking}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid666790\charrsid12475214 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6367866\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12475214\charrsid12475214 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 57.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11565006\charrsid12475214 Thirdly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12475214  in her evidence-in-chief, Mere was asked whether she had se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 en Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12917496\charrsid12475214  again after the day in question. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15085916\charrsid12475214  Her answer was:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15085916\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs4\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15085916\charrsid12850251 
\'93Vili asked Patrick to come and call me \'85 so we can go and talk at Vili\rquote s place.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 381 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6503418 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7999127\charrsid12850251 
Apart from Vili, only Patrick would have known that, and he was not called to give evidence.  Vili claims that this was therefore inadmissible hearsay.  Technica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1644759\charrsid12850251 lly, that may be correct, but i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7999127\charrsid12850251 
t does not get Vili anywhere.  Since Patrick took Mere to Vili\rquote s home to discuss the dropping of her complaint, the request for that must have come either from Vili or from someone acting on his behalf \endash 
 for example, his wife.  It could not have come from anyone else.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7999127 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10574577\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 58.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10574577\charrsid12475214 There are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid724920\charrsid12475214 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10574577\charrsid12475214 other examples of inadmissible hearsay evidence having be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16537323\charrsid12475214 
en given upon which Vili did not rely.  I have already mentioned the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10574577\charrsid12475214 m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16537323\charrsid12475214   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid724920\charrsid12475214 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16537323\charrsid12475214 ne was Mere\rquote s evidence that she had been assured at the hospital that the man had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid724920\charrsid12475214  not been wearing a condom.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16537323\charrsid12475214 I have explained why that was not pr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid724920\charrsid12475214 oblematic in the context of the cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16537323\charrsid12475214 e as a whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid724920\charrsid12475214   The other was Mere\rquote 
s evidence about what her sister had told her about the visits she had received from Patrick.  However, what Mere said her sister had told her added nothing of substance to the case, and no-one referred to it later on in the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4340535\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid12850251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid479630\charrsid12850251 Identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15142474\charrsid12850251    }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9915490 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13965330\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 59.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214  makes three criticisms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid479630\charrsid12475214 about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214 Mere\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid479630\charrsid12475214 identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214 
 of him as the man who raped her.  First, there was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 no identification parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 .  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214  says that there should have been one.  Secondly, there was t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 he dock identification.  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214 
 says that that should not have happened.  Thirdly, the judge did not give the assessors a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214  direction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7869159\charrsid13454203 R v Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [1977] QB 224.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214   Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12475214  says that he should have done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14580875\charrsid1584079 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1584079\charrsid12475214 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 60.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 Was identity in issue?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 When refusing Vili}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12475214  an extension of time for filing his notice of appeal, the single judge expressed the view that identification had not been an issue at the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12475214 trial.  He agreed with the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 
\rquote s contention that Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12475214 \rquote s case had been run on the basis of \'93false accusation and not mistaken identity\'94
.  In those circumstances, an identification procedure had not been necessary, nor had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12475214 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12475214  direction, and the dock identification had added nothing to the ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 
se.  The Full Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12475214 
rt did not say in so many words that identification had not been in issue at the trial, but that was, in effect what they concluded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 
  They pointed out that Mere\rquote s evidence had been that she had been with the man who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11691609\charrsid12475214 subsequently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 raped her at After Dark for an hour, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 that at the police st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 
ation she had identified Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214  as the man who had raped }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 61.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 With great respect to the single judge and the Full Court, I do not agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214   I say that for four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102984\charrsid12475214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12475214 reasons.  First, Mere was cross-examined about another police officer who had been at After Dark that night.  She agreed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6316617\charrsid12475214 there had been another police officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214  there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6316617\charrsid12475214 
.  It was put to her that she had said in her witness statement that his name was Simeli.  Her evidence was that she had not known his name, but that the police had told her his name, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6316617\charrsid12475214 that was how his name had got into her statement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5533082\charrsid12475214   On the other hand, she acknowledged that her witness statement had not said that the name of the man who had rap
ed her was Vili.  Her explanation for that was that she did not know his name when she was giving her statement.  The point which the defence was trying to make, therefore, was that of the two police officers who she had met in After Dark that night, she 
gave the name of the one who had not raped her, but not the name of the one who had raped her.  The only reason for making that point was to allege that if she had indeed been raped that night by a police officer, it had been Simeli who had raped her.  Th
at may not have gone to the question of visual identification, but it showed that the identity of the person who allegedly raped her was in issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5533082\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14695519\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 62.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14695519\charrsid12475214 Secondly, Mere was asked about another passage in her witness statement.  Having referred to Simeli as a police officer who she had been drinking with, she said:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5533082\charrsid12475214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4340535\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5533082\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6316617\charrsid12850251     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11552794\charrsid12850251     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15666013\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14580875\charrsid12850251           }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13454203\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid479630\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14695519\charrsid12850251 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10900750\charrsid12850251 
We were drinking and when one man came and stood beside us and talking to Simeli.  At about 4.55 am I walked towards the door on my way home when I noticed that someone was behind and following me.  When I was outside, he came to me and told me that he ne
eds me to accompany him to drop something in his room.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 289 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1465963 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs6\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10900750\charrsid12850251 
She then went on to describe how that man had taken her to what she thought was his room and had raped her.  The point which the defence were making was that she never made it clear which of the two men it was who had followed her out of After Dark and wh
o had subsequently raped her.  Again, that may not have gone to the question of visual identification, but it showed that the identity of the person who had raped her was in issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10900750 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10900750\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 63.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10900750\charrsid12475214 Thirdly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 
it was put to Mere in cross-examination that she had not been able to describe the man who had raped her, and that the room in which it had happened had been dark.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 Indeed, in his closing speech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 , Vili\rquote s lawyer}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214  made the point about the room being dark.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 
The only relevance of those questions was to test her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 visual identification of Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214  as the man who had raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102984\charrsid12475214   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 Fourthly, after the conclusion of the evidence, and the assessors had left court, the judge asked counsel whether there were any particular directions they wanted him }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 to give the assessors.  Vili\rquote s lawyer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214  said: \'93Identification?\'94  That meant that the defence saw }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 Mere
\rquote s visual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 identification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 of Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 as the man who raped her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 as an issue.  The judge said: \'93Leave it to me.\'94  In the event, he gave no directions to the assessors on the topic at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15753394\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 64.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 One feature which the Full Court treated as significant on the question whether identity was in issue at the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 was that Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 
 had elected not to give evidence.  In other words, he had chosen not to give evidence contradicting Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13521805\charrsid12475214 s identifica}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214 tion of him as the man who had raped her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13521805\charrsid12475214 
  It is true that he did not do that, but that does not mean that identity was not in issue.  He was putting the State to proof.  By not giving evidence, he was not advancing a positive case, but he was still requiring the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13521805\charrsid12475214  to prove that he had indeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13521805\charrsid12475214 
 the man who had allegedly raped Mere.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12475214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4340535\charrsid12475214 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3348844\charrsid12850251  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 65.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 Identification parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102984\charrsid12475214 With all this in mind, I turn to whether there should have b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 een an identification parade.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214 
An identification parade can only take place if the suspect consents, but t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7297435\charrsid12475214 here is, so far as I know, no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214 
local authority on when a suspect should be invited to attend an identification parade.  The Fiji Police Force Standing Orders go into some detail about how an identification parade should be conducted, but not when the holding of an identification parade
 is desirable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214   However, an identification pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214 rade (or any ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 her identification procedure for that ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214 tter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 
such as identification from a selection of photographs)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 will not be appropriate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid12475214 
when the witness has already seen the suspect at the police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214   Mere saw Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214  at the police sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6367492\charrsid12475214 tion where she identified him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 Once that had happened, no identification parade could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12475214 have taken place.  Could Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 
 have been asked to go on an identification parade }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214  Mere had seen him at the police station?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 After all, it looks }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13786067\charrsid12475214 as if he may have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid12475214 
 brought to the police station as a suspect, not that he happened to be at the police station in the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13786067\charrsid12475214 ine of duty.  But w}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 e just do not know }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13786067\charrsid12475214 for sure }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid12475214 because that possibility was never explored at the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid292\charrsid1586812 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1586812\charrsid1586812 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 66.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 Dock identification}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid1586812 
Then there was the dock identification.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812 It has been called \'93the ultimate leading question\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6816067\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7869159\charrsid6816067 
Lotawa v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2014] FJCA 186 at para 7 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7869159\charrsid6816067 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Madigan JA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14371145\charrsid1586812 
The appropriateness of a dock identification was considered at len}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1785903\charrsid1586812 gth by the Supreme Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14371145\charrsid1586812 urt in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11553584\charrsid1586812 Naicker v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11553584\charrsid1586812 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1785903\charrsid1586812 The Court said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11553584\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2018] FJSC 24 at para 25 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7869159\charrsid11553584 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Keith J).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1785903\charrsid1586812 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid292\charrsid1586812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16017111\charrsid1586812   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102984\charrsid1586812   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6102984\charrsid1586812 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4340535\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11553584\charrsid12850251 \'93
The dangers of a dock identification (by which is meant offering a witness the opportunity to identify the suspect for the first time in court without any previous identification parade or other pre-trial identification procedure) have been pointed out ma
ny times.  The defendant is sitting in the dock, and there will be a tendency for the witness to point to him, not because the witness recognises him, but because the witness knows from where the defendant is in court who the defendant is, and can guess w
ho
 the prosecutor wants him to point out.  Unless there is no dispute over identity, and the defence does not object to a dock identification, it should rarely, if ever, take place.  If it takes place inadvertently, a strong direction is needed to the asses
sors to ensure that they do not take it into account.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs12\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid15685367 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 67.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812 The inescapable fact is that counsel for the State should not have asked Mere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 whether the man she described as Vili 
\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812  ie the man who had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812  raped her and to whose home she h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812 ad gone with Patrick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812  a few days later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6816067\charrsid1586812  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 
 in the courtroom, but once the question had been asked, the judge should have intervened to tell Mere not to answer it and to explain to the assessors why he had intervened.  Since that did not happen, it was even more incumbent on the judge to direct th
e assessors in the summing-up that they should ignore the identification in court of Viliame by Mere and to explain why.  He did not do that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12662926\charrsid1586812 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12662926\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 68.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 A Turnbull direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid1586812 
  The judge did not giv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812 e the assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid1586812  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid1586812  Turnbull }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid1586812 direction \endash  so named after the judgment of the English Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid1586812 R v Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12736300\charrsid1586812 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [1977] QB 224.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12397805\charrsid1586812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12736300\charrsid1586812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 Where the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812 against a defendant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 depends wholly or substantially on the correctness of someone\rquote s identification of the defendant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 
requires the judge (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 
warn the assessors of the special need for caution before convicting on the basis of that evidence, (ii) to tell the assessors what the reason for that need is, (iii) to inform the assessors that a mistaken witness can be a convincing witness and that a n
umber of witnesses can be mistaken, (iv) to direct the assessors to examine closely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812  the circumstances in which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812  identification was made, (v) to remind the assessors of any specific weakness in the identification evidence, (vi) to remind the assessors (in
 a case where such a reminder is appropriate) that even in the case of the purported recognition by a witness of a close friend or relative, mistakes can occur, (vii) to specify for the assessors the evidence capable of supporting the identification evide
nce, and (viii) to identify the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13786067\charrsid1586812 
might appear to support the identification but does not in fact do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812 Turnbull}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812  has frequently been adopted in Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12397805\charrsid1586812 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12397805\charrsid1586812 nd it is now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3348844\charrsid1586812 part of Fiji\rquote s law.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12397805\charrsid1586812 Since identity was in issue, and since the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6367492\charrsid1586812  against Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812  depended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12397805\charrsid1586812 substantially }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812 on the correctness of Mere\rquote s identification of him, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812  direction should have been given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13200109\charrsid1586812 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 69.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 The effect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6183238\charrsid13902895 these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895  irregularities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 .  To use the language}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 
 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895  proviso to section 23(1) of the Court of Appeal Act 1949, has a \'93substantial miscarriage of justice\'94 occurred?  In other words, would the ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895 dge still have convicted Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 
 if there had been no dock identification of him and if he had directed himself in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895  I am sure that he would have done.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 I say that for four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895  reasons.  First, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 his was not a case in which the witness had no more than a fleeting glimpse of the perpetrator.  On her evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895 
 she had been with the man who she said had subse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895 quently ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895 
ped her for over an hour at After Dark, and she had then accompanied him to the building where she said he had raped her.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13200109\charrsid13902895   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895 Secondly, the fact that Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895 
 was the man with whom Mere had left After Dark was supported by Petero\rquote s evidence.  Thirdly, Mere had seen the man }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 who she said had raped her a fe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895 w days later w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 hen Patrick had taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895 her to Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9321546\charrsid13902895 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 s home, and the defe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895 nce accepted that it was Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895  who she had seen on that occasion.  Fourth}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895 ly, the attempts by Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 
and his wife to get Mere to withdraw her complaint are more consistent with them knowing that her complaint was true rather than them believing that her complaint was false but that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5914379\charrsid13902895  could nevertheless harm Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid13902895 \rquote s career and perhaps result in his prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15468041\charrsid1584079 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid1584079\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1584079\charrsid13902895 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9917553\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13521805\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15468041\charrsid12850251 Delay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15468041 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1584079\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15468041\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 70.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15468041\charrsid13902895 It will be recalled that the inci
dent which gave rise to the charges which Vili faced took place on 27 October 2012.  It was reported to the police later that day.  Vili was interviewed by the police on 5 Dece}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid13902895 
mber 2012, and by then statements had been taken from all the witnesses whose statements were among the disclosures (with the exception of the statement of the officer who told Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9394415\charrsid13902895 on 20 November 2013 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid13902895 that he was being charged).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 
However, his trial did not begin until 19 February 2018 \endash  over five years after he had been interviewed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 police.  Vili contends that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895  this fatally affected the fairness of his t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11690169\charrsid13902895 rial, and amounted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 both a breach of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895 right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 under section 15(}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12088721\charrsid13902895 1) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895 to a fair tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 ial, as well as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 a violation of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12088721\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11690169\charrsid13902895 right und}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 er section 14(2)(g) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11690169\charrsid13902895 Constitution \'93to have the trial begin and conclude without unreasonable delay\'94
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10750027\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 71.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13307785\charrsid13902895 Two distinct rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8411619\charrsid13902895 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895 The right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 to a fair trial and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895  right to be tried \'93without unreasonable delay\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8942787\charrsid13902895 will often overlap, but they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895 are distinct and separate rights.  Breach of the right to be tried \'93without unreasonable delay\'94
 will not necessarily amount to a breach of the right to a fair trial.  As Wilson J said in the Supreme Court of New Zealand in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895 R v Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid13902895 :
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs10\insrsid6698333\charrsid5986183 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid12850251 \'93\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15087501\charrsid12850251  the court may b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid12850251 e satisfied tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15087501\charrsid12850251 
t the right to be tried without undue delay has be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid12850251 en infringed although the accused has been unable to demonstrate any particular prejudice in defending the charges.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15087501\charrsid12850251 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5982768\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551356 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2009] 2 NZLR 750 at para 9.  The right to be tried \'93without undue delay\'94 is guaranteed by section 25(b) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14695819\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid12850251 A little later, he said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4551356\charrsid12850251 \'93
The right to trial without undue delay is directed to the time
 that elapses between arrest and final disposition, including any appeal, whereas the right to a fair trial comes into play at the time of trial.  The two rights overlap, however, where the consequence of undue delay in bringing an accused to trial is tha
t a fair trial cannot be held.  Both rights are then breached.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4551356\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Para 19.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13902895 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4551356\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 72.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4551356\charrsid13902895 The remedy for breach of these rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid13902895 
Where a defendant\rquote s right to a fair trial has been infringed by the delay in bringing the trial on, the usual remedy will be a stay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706938\charrsid13902895  of the proceedings.  However,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid13902895  where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4551356\charrsid13902895 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid13902895 
the defendant\rquote s right to be tried \'93without unreasonable delay\'94 has been infri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216876\charrsid13902895 nged,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid13902895 
 a stay of the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216876\charrsid13902895 roceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4551356\charrsid13902895 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895  as Wilson J said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216876\charrsid13902895 will not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 \'93a mandatory or even a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid13902895  usual remedy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5982768\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Para 18.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 That was explained by Lord Bingham in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14707992\charrsid13902895 
the Court of Appeal in England in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 Attorney-General\rquote s Reference (No 2 of 2001)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5982768\charrsid13902895 
 as follows:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10842013\charrsid13902895 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7820116\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs12\insrsid15087501\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5706938\charrsid12850251 \'93
If the breach is established before the hearing, the appropriate remedy may be a public acknowledgement of the breach, action to expedite the hearing to the greatest extent practicable and perhaps, if the defendant is in custody, his release on bail. It w
ill not be appropriate to stay or dismiss the proceedings unless (a) there can no longer be a fair hearing or (b) it would otherwise be unfair to try the defendant. The public interest in the final determination of criminal charges requires that such a ch
ar
ge should not be stayed or dismissed if any lesser remedy will be just and proportionate in all the circumstances. The prosecutor and the court do not act incompatibly with the defendant's Convention right in continuing to prosecute or entertain proceedin
gs after a breach is established in a case where neither of conditions (a) or (b) is met, since the breach consists in the delay which has accrued and not in the prospective hearing. If the breach of the reasonable time requirement is established retrospe
ct
ively, after there has been a hearing, the appropriate remedy may be a public acknowledgement of the breach, a reduction in the penalty imposed on a convicted defendant or the payment of compensation to an acquitted defendant. Unless (a) the hearing was u
nfair or (b) it was unfair to try the defendant at all, it will not be appropriate to quash any conviction. Again, in any case where neither of conditions (a) or (b) applies, the prosecutor and the court do not act incompatibly with the defendant's Conven
tion right in prosecuting or entertaining the proceedings but only in failing to procure a hearing within a reasonable time.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid5706938\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14707992 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2004] AC 72 at para 24.  The references to \'93the defendant\rquote s Convention right\'94
 are references to the right in Art 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights to be tried \'93within a reasonable time\'94. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14695819 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs10\insrsid15875870\charrsid15685367 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8411619\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 73.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8411619\charrsid13902895 The time to apply for a stay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8411619\charrsid13902895 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 
Where it is said that a defendant cannot have a fair trial \endash  whether because of the delay or for some other reason \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14707992\charrsid13902895  the appropriate time for him }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 to apply for a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895  stay of the proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14707992\charrsid13902895  is before the trial begins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 No applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294123\charrsid13902895 tion for a stay was made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895  by Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14707992\charrsid13902895 
 before his trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676688\charrsid13902895 Indeed, as far as I can tell, the issue of delay was not r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13239573\charrsid13902895 aised by his lawyers pri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11676688\charrsid13902895 or to the trial at all.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13239573\charrsid13902895 Should Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294123\charrsid13902895 nevertheless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 be allowed to argue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 after his trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294123\charrsid13902895 
 that the delay in bringing him to trial was such that he was denied a fair trial?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11690169\charrsid13902895 
 The Full Court thought not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895   S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12086699\charrsid13902895 o far as his right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895  to a fair trial was concerned, they said that he could have raised the breach at his trial \endash  presumably by asking for a stay of the trial.  When it came to the violat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15950702\charrsid13902895 ion of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14707992\charrsid13902895  right to be tried \'93without reasonable delay\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14747399\charrsid13902895 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11690169\charrsid13902895 hey said that he could have sought constitutional redres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 s.    Presumably the Full Court thought that it had not been right for Vili to have allowed the trial to proceed, and to have cried foul only after he had been convicted. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875870\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 74.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15543202\charrsid13902895 The question whether, after the trial has taken place,  a defendant can challenge his conviction on the ground of the delay in bringing him to trial when he had not previously said that the delay had }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1917485\charrsid13902895 prevented him from having a fair trial was considered by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1917485\charrsid13902895 
Seru v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2003] FJCA 26.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid13902895   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1917485\charrsid13902895 
In that case, both defendants had raised the issue of delay prior to their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3166935\charrsid13902895  trial, and the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1917485\charrsid13902895  considered two matters.  First, 
by what route did the Court of Appeal have jurisdiction to treat delay as a ground of appeal, even if the issue of delay had been raised before the trial?  Secondly, where the issue of delay had not been raised before the trial, could it subsequently be r
aised on an appeal against conviction?  The Court of Appeal did not express a final answer on either of those q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14947886\charrsid13902895 uestions.  What it said was this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid13902895 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11809776\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8647\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 \'93 \'85 the State did not deny the Court had jurisdiction to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 consider the argument based on section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 
29(3). In the absence of argument we do not express a final opinion on the foundation of the jurisdiction, but the possibilities include regarding it as founded on the misca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 
rriage of justice ground under section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 23(1)(a) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 
Court of Appeal Act 1949; or the rationale may be that section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 29(3) expands the statutory grounds of appeal. A leading decision in the Supreme Court of Canada,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 R v Morin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 
(1992) CR (4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 ) 1 dealt with a delay argument after trial and conviction; although the appellant\rquote 
s contention failed, none of the judgments suggested the argument could not be raised at that stage. Likewise, in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7285519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 R v Coghill}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 [1995] 3 NZLR 651}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11676688\charrsid12850251 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485\charrsid12850251 
a full court of the New Zealand Court of Appeal dealt with a delay argument under the corresponding New Zealand legislation, on an appeal after trial. We consider it is open to an appellant to raise the delay issue post trial, certainly in cases where, as
 here, the point has been taken pre trial, and an appeal against dismissal was lodged and
 remained extant. To what extent this Court has jurisdiction to entertain such a ground post trial in different circumstances must remain to be decided in cases where that issue arises.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1917485 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11809776\charrsid4808802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 75.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 The cases of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 Morin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 Coghill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802  cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 Seru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802  were, like }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 Seru}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 , cases in which, unlike the present case, the issue of delay was raised prior to the defendants\rquote 
 trial.  I have come across only one case prior to the present one in which an appellate court has had to consider the issue of delay when the issue had not been raised prior to the defendant\rquote 
s trial.  That case is the decision of the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2649908\charrsid4808802 Nalawa v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1775806\charrsid4808802 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid4808802 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2010] FJSC 2.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11346938\charrsid4808802   It did not specifically address the question whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4989528\charrsid4808802 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11346938\charrsid4808802 her a failure to raise the issue of delay prior to the trial prevented it from being raised on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1775806\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid4808802   I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4989528\charrsid4808802 
t referred to the judgment of the Court of Appeal which had noted that the case had been adjourned a very large number of times.  The Court of Appeal had acknowledged that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989528\charrsid4808802 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf1\insrsid14621719\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid4989528\charrsid12850251 \'93
many of the adjournments were simply due to the unavailability at Lautoka of sufficient magistrates to enable matters to be heard in a timely manner.  But many of the adjournments were at the request of the appellant after the withdrawal of defence counse
l, after the sacking of defence counsel or while the appellant sought legal aid \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8526268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs8\cf1\insrsid14621719\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251 Although the Supreme Court noted }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8526268\charrsid12850251 that \'93not once did he or legal aid solicitors appearing on occasion for him \'85 complai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1775806\charrsid12850251 n about delay or breach of his r}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8526268\charrsid12850251 ight to be tried within a reasonable time\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\cf1\super\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Para 31}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8526268\charrsid12850251 , it said that it was led \'93
to the inescapable conclusion that the petitioner is the cause of his own problems as far as delay is concerned\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\cf1\super\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Para 32.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4989528\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251 
 Looking at these passages in the round, it looks to me as if the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal, not so much because it had no power to consider an appeal based on delay when delay had not been raised as an issue before the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid12850251 rial, but rather because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid12850251 it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid12850251 the defendant in that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079 case (or perhaps his lawyers) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid1584079 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079 had been responsible for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid1584079  much of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079  the delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid1584079 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14707992\charrsid1584079 the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079 was therefore t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 he author of his own misfortune.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14621719\charrsid1584079 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 76.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 In my view, the failure of Vili or his lawyers to apply for a stay of the proceedings before his trial did not prevent him from raising the issue of delay on his appeal against his}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1518830\charrsid1584079  co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079 nviction.  The reason is that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1518830\charrsid1584079 n many cases, the adverse impact of the delay on the fairness of the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079 well }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 not become apparent until the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1518830\charrsid1584079 rial i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079 s alread}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1518830\charrsid1584079 y under way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079   For instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079 
, it may not have been appreciated before the trial began that the memory of a particular witness who it was believed could have given evidence favourable to the defence was as poor as it turned out to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079 , or that such a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079  witness had become unavailable, whether through death, illness, absence ov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079 erseas or being una}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079 
ble to be found.  And every lawyer knows that unexpected things can emerge in the course of a trial.  Perhaps a new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079 issue has arisen, but as a result of the delay }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079 witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8942787\charrsid1584079 who might have been able to give evidence favourable to the defence on that issue are not available.  Other examples can be given, but that is sufficient to make the point.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8411619\charrsid1584079   In my opinion, the Court of Appeal should have considered whether there had been a breach of Vili\rquote s right to a fair trial and his right to be tried \'93
without reasonable delay\'94, even though the issue of delay had not been raised before his trial.  That accords with what the Supreme Court did in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid8411619\charrsid1584079 Nalawa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8411619\charrsid1584079 , even though it did not consider the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8411619\charrsid1584079 jurisdictional basis for doing so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid1584079 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8411619\charrsid1584079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7607397\charrsid1584079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166935\charrsid1584079   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4865154\charrsid1584079 
     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4989528\charrsid1584079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13239573\charrsid1584079 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9924312\charrsid1584079 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 77.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9924312\charrsid1584079 The consequences of delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 
.  A lengthy delay in bringing a defendant to trial has two consequences.  The first, of course, is that it could have an adverse impact on the trial itself.  I have already touched on that: the unavailability of witnesses, the impact of the delay on thei
r memory, the destruction or loss of relevant documents to name just a few.  But there is also the impact of the delay on the defendant.  Some delay will be inevitable as both sides prepare for trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16133245\charrsid1584079 and once they are ready, a judge, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1775806\charrsid1584079 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16133245\charrsid1584079 courtroom and court 
staff will have to be made available, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 but the longer the delay, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid1584079 the greater the impact of the p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 rosecution on the defendant.  If t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid1584079 he charges are ser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 ious, and the defendant knows that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid1584079 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 
she will be going to pris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid1584079 on for a long time in the event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079  of conviction,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid1584079  l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid1584079 ife for them will often sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid4808802 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid4808802 d still.  They cannot make plans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid4808802  for the future as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1775806\charrsid4808802 they do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13307785\charrsid4808802 
 not know what the future will hold.  They may be suspended or dismissed from their employment.  Their family life will inevitably be affected.  They may still be ab
le to get a fair trial, but that does not mean that they have not been prejudiced in other ways.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9924312\charrsid4808802 
  The anxiety of someone who is awaiting trial and is presumed to be innocent until his guilt has been established at trial should not be underestimated.  In addition, the defendant may have been remanded in custody pending his trial or subject to onerous
 bail conditions.  The fact that d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16011782\charrsid4808802 elay has both these conseq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9924312\charrsid4808802 uences was pithily }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16011782\charrsid4808802 expressed by Lord Tem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9924312\charrsid4808802 plem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16011782\charrsid4808802 
an in the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16011782\charrsid4808802 Mung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9924312\charrsid4808802 roo v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12736300\charrsid4808802 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216876\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16011782\charrsid12850251 \'93The right to a fair trial \lquote within a reasonable time\rquote 
 secures, first, that the accused is not prejudiced in his defence by delay and, secondly, that the period during which an innocent person is under suspicion and any accused suffers from uncertainty and anxiety is kept to a minimum.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16011782\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7959011 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 
 [1991] 1 WLR 1351 at page 1352.  The right to be tried \'93within a reasonable time\'94 is guaranteed by the Constitution of Mauritius.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16011782 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid481268\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4216876\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 78.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4216876\charrsid4808802 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 test for determining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid134351\charrsid4808802 
breach of these rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid4808802 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4475209\charrsid4808802 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4475209\charrsid4808802 Morin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4475209\charrsid4808802 , Sopinka J in the Supreme Court of Canada said:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16011782\charrsid4808802 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7478052\charrsid4808802                 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4475209\charrsid12850251 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16133245\charrsid12850251 The general approach to a determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 
 as to whether the right [to be tried within a reasonable time] has been denied is not by the application of a mathematical or administrative formula but rather by a judicial determination balancing the interests which the section is designed to protect a
gainst factors which either inevitably lead to delay or are otherwise the cause of delay \'85 While the Court has at times indicated otherwise, it is no
w accepted that the factors to be considered in analyzing how long is too long may be listed as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs2\insrsid5439769\charrsid15685367 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li1215\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin567\lin1215\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 the length of the delay;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}waiver of time periods;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}the reasons for the delay, including
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li1575\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin567\lin1575\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251  inherent time requirements of the case,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab} actions of the accused,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab} actions of the Crown,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab} limits on institutional resources, and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab} other reasons for delay; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li1215\ri567\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin567\lin1215\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 prejudice to the accused.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9729903 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7869159\charrsid9729903 Morin v The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 
 [1992] 1 SCR 771 at pagers 787d-788a.  The right to be tried \'93within a reasonable time\'94 is guaranteed by section 11(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16133245\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6559262 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1215\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1215\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs10\insrsid5439769\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 This statement of principle was adopted by the New Zealand Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 
Martin v Tauranga District Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [1995] 23 NZLR 419.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251  and by the courts of Fiji \endash  by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 Mills and ors v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12736300\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2005] FJCA 6.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7959011\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 
and by the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 Nalawa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid12850251 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9729903 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7942555\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 79.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942555\charrsid4808802 Sopinka J made important comments on all of these factors, but he thought that one particular factor needed to be looked at with a degree of realism.  That factor was \'93
limits on institutional resources\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4268692\charrsid4808802 Very often the system will not be able to accommodate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid4808802 
the parties even when they are ready for trial.  We live in a world in which resources are limited.  On that topic, Sopinka J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4268692\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\insrsid5439769\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 \'93
How are we to reconcile the demand that trials are to be held within a reasonable time in the imperfect world of scarce resou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 ces?  While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 account must be taken of the fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 ct}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251  that the state does not have u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 
nlimited funds and other government programs compete for the available resou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 
ces, this consideration cannot be used to render [the right to be trie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 d within a reasonable time]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251  meaningless.  The Court cannot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 
imply accede to the government\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 s allocation of resources and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6633555\charrsid12850251 
ailor the period of permissible delay accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 
  The weight to be given to resource limitations must be assessed in light of the fact that the government has a constitutional obligation to commit sufficient resources to prevent unreasonable delay which distinguishers this obligation from many others t
hat compete for funds with the administration of justice.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  At p 795f-j.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5439769 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid481268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs12\insrsid5439769\charrsid15685367 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 80.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802 I gratefully adopt Sopinka J\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942555\charrsid4808802  approach with one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid4808802  reservation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942555\charrsid4808802 .  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid4808802 
rejudice to the defendant is obviously of critical importance to whether the delay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3489836\charrsid4808802 has resulted in a breach of the defendant\rquote s common law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9729903\charrsid4808802 right to a fair trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3489836\charrsid4808802 , but it is, I think, less relevant to whether the delay has resulted i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 n a breach of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3489836\charrsid4808802  right to be tried \'93without unreasonable delay\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802   As Wilson J noted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802 Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10355936\charrsid12850251 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7869159\charrsid5329858 Op cit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 , para 54 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7869159\charrsid5329858 supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159 ).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802 , a defendant\rquote s right to be tried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 without undue delay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1775806\charrsid4808802 may have been infringed even though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10355936\charrsid4808802 the defendant has been unable to demonstrate any particular prejudice in defending the charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid4808802   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid134351\charrsid12850251    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6559262\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 81.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 The application of the test to Vili\rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 With these principles in mind, I turn to the present case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802 
We were told that the police sent their file to the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions in May 2013 for a decision to be made whether Vili should be charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 
, and if so, with what.  As}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1775806\charrsid4808802  I ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 ve said, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802 e was charged with the two offences on 20 November 2013, the charging decision having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802  been made shortly before then.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802 We were not told why it took some five months for the file to be sent to the offi
ce of the Director of Public Prosecutions, or why it then took about six months after that for a charging decision to be made.  However, we can make an educated guess. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 
 For reasons which will become apparent later, there was doubt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802 in some quarters about whether Mere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 
had been telling the tru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802 th.  Indeed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 
 if the statement of Josua, the investigating officer, is anything to go by, he was instructed by a more senior officer to classify the case as NCIL (\'93No Case in Law\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 
  because of how Mere had behaved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 that night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 .  Charging a serving police officer with offences of rape and attempting to pervert the course of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799701\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 is a serious and sensitive matter, and it would not be right for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802 important a decision to be rushed.  Having said that, it took what appears at first blush to be quite a long time for the charging decision to be made.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8726434\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 82.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8726434\charrsid4808802 Although Vili was charged with the two offences on 20 November 2013, his trial in the High Court did not begin until 19 February 2018 \endash  a lapse of time of more than four years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802   We have the judge\rquote s brief notes of what happened when Vili\rquote s case was listed for mention, and we have been provided with a detailed chronology as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802   These documents sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 w that the disclosures were ready to be served on Vili\rquote 
s lawyers by 5 March 2014, and the agreed facts had been filed by 14 May 2014.  On that date, the case was adjourned to 30 July 2014 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 hen it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 uld be l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 isted for a tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 al date t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 o b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 e fixed.  How}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 ever, no trial date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802  was fixed on that date, and i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 was not until 25 April 2016 tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5656633\charrsid4808802 
t a trial date was fixed.  It was fixed for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 28 November 2016.  We were not told why it took so long for a trial date to be fixed, save that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15414675\charrsid4808802 trial date may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802  not be fixed unti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15414675\charrsid4808802 l the pre-trial
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802  conference has taken place.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15414675\charrsid4808802 It will depend on the judge\rquote 
s calendar, and when he or she can slot a particular case in.  The pre-trial conference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802  had taken place by 25 April 2016 when the trial date was fixed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5400870\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 83.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802  trial date fixed for 28 Novemb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 
er 2016 was vacated on 2 August 2016.  That was at the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 quest of the defence: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 Vili\rquote 
s lawyers had other commitments when the trial was d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 
e to take place.  A new trial date was fixed for 20 April 2017. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802  However, that trial date had t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7096844\charrsid4808802 
o be vacated as well.  That happened on 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802  February 2017.  This time it was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14947886\charrsid4808802 
t the request of the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 
: Mere could not be found.  By 5 May 2017, she had been located, and on 12 July 2017 a new trial date was proposed.  That was to be 19 July 2017, but that was not suitable for the defence.  Eventually on 12 December }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 a ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 w trial date w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12662179\charrsid4808802 as fixed for 19 February 2018, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881157\charrsid4808802 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6507512\charrsid4808802 was the date when Vili
\rquote s trial eventually got under way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811634\charrsid4808802   Althou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 gh w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15811634\charrsid4808802 e were not told why it took so long for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802  various trial dates }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 to be fixed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 (two of which were either vacated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811634\charrsid4808802 
or not taken up at the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 quest of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811634\charrsid4808802  defence), we were told that it was probably due to the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 inability to find earlier date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15811634\charrsid4808802 s in the judge\rquote s calendar being available.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 84.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 A lapse of time of over four years from charging to trial would not be permitted in more sophisticated jurisdictions.  A delay of this kind \endash 
 especially in a relatively straightforward case like this \endash  simply would not happen.  But it would be wrong to look at Fiji through the same prism.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5329858\charrsid4808802 
Although all jurisdictions have their own resource limitations, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4934655\charrsid4808802 Fiji does not have the resources \endash 
 whether in terms of judicial manpower, experienced prosecutors, courtrooms  and funding \endash  comparable to, say, Australia, New Zealand or the United Kingdom.  That should not be overlooked when you compare the lapse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15414675\charrsid4808802 of time in this case with delay which is treated as unacceptable elsewhere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9263443\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13586563\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 85.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13586563\charrsid4808802 
In the light of all the circumstances (though leaving aside for the present whether Vili was prejudiced in presenting his defence properly at the trial), the lapse of time in this case was, I think, on the cusp o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 f amounting to a violation of Vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 li\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13586563\charrsid4808802 
right to be tried without reasonable delay.  But it is not necessary to decide whether it was, because Vili\rquote s remedy for the breach of that righ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 
t would have been a reduction in what w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13586563\charrsid4808802 ould otherwise have been the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 
 appropriate sentence.  As it turned out, that is exactly what happened.  Although the trial judge did not have Vili\rquote s constitutional right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14947886\charrsid4808802 to be tried \'93
without unreasonable delay\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 in mind, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13586563\charrsid4808802 
 reduced what would otherwise have been the appropriate sentence by one year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 \'93to reflect the hardship occasioned by the long delay in bringing this matter to trial\'94
.  In my judgment, that would have been the appropriate reduction to have been made if the judge had conclud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 ed that Vili\rquote s constitutional r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 ight to be tried without unreasonable delay had been breached.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5439769\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8593305\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 86.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8593305\charrsid4808802 But what abou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 t Vili\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 
 right to a fair trial?  Was the delay such that he did not have a fair trial?  It is here, of course, that the question of prejudice is all important.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid4808802 
The Full Court said that Vili had not provided any evidence to show how the delay had prevented him from having a fair trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6169822\charrsid4808802 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid4808802 asked Vili how}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9263660\charrsid4808802  the delay had had an a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8593305\charrsid4808802 dverse impact on the fairness of his trial.  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9263660\charrsid4808802  relied on two matters.  First, he claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7556869\charrsid4808802 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9263660\charrsid4808802 
witness statement from Mere about the events of the night in question was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14947886\charrsid4808802  taken by Kelera, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 
that in that statement Mere had told Kele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 ra that a man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 (presumably Vili) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 
had been brought to the police station, and that Mere had identified him as the man who had raped her.  Vili asserted that Mere had not identified him at the police station, and that Kelera could have confirmed that as she had been there at the time.  He 
would have wanted to call Kelera to give evidence on his behalf, but she had left for America by the time the trial began.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 87.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 There are a number of problems about all that.  First, Mere\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 statement about the events of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 he night in question was not ta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 
ken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 by Kelera.  It was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 taken by Elesi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid475684\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802   Kelera only took Mere\rquote s witness statement which covered Mere\rquote 
s dealings with Patrick over the next few days.  Secondly, in the witness statement Mere gave to Elesi, she did not say who had raped her.  The evidence that it had been Vili who had raped her was Mere\rquote s oral evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 dence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802  that she had seen Vili at the police station and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 she had told Josua and Kelera that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802 
he was the man who had raped her.  Thirdly, there is nothing to show that Kelera was even at the police station that night.  The witness statement she took from Mere about Mere\rquote s dealings with Patrick was dated 30 October 2013 \endash 
 three days later.  But even if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 Kelera had bee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 n at the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802  station that night, the claim that Mere had not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 pointe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 
d out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 to Kelera that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 the man who had r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 aped}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802  her was not challenge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 d at Vili\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 s t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802 rial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 
  Vili denied through his lawyers, of course, that he had raped Mere, but it was not put to Mere that Mere had not identified Vili to Kelera (or Josua for that matter) as the man who had raped her.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 88.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13652198\charrsid4808802 The other matter relied on by Vili }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 
relates to the senior officer who instructed Josua to classify the case as NCIL in the light of Mere\rquote s behaviour }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 
that night.  Vili says that he would have wanted that officer to be called as a witness to give evidence about how Mere had behaved that night, but that officer had died by the time of the trial.  The problem here is that that officer\rquote s evidence }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 about how Mere had behaved later t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 hat night would have been hea
rsay and therefore inadmissible.  He had only gone on what Josua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 had told him.  The evidence abo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 
ut Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 s behavi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 
our could have come from Josua.  Indeed, he had himself made a lengthy witness statement about that.  If the defence had wanted to bring out Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 s behavio}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 ur }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802 that night, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 they should have either called Josua themselves or asked the State to tender him.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 89.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 I accept, of course, that memories fade over time, and that had the trial taken place within, say, six months of the night in question, the memory of the only witness whose evidence was challenged 
\endash  Mere \endash  would have been better.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798365\charrsid4808802 Indeed, the trial judge himself commented \endash  both during the evidence and in his judgment \endash 
 about the lapse of time of over five years.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 But ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 perience has shown that once}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802  a year or so has elapsed since the events which a witness is describing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1144285\charrsid4808802 their memory may not}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802  be ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802 terially better than it would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802 , say, five years after the relevant events.  In other words, there comes a time when a witness\rquote s memory of event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1144285\charrsid4808802 s may be}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802  unlikely to get very much worse.  So there is a limit to how far an argument based on the fading of recollection can be taken if the trial could not take place within a year.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9124745\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9124745\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 90.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9124745\charrsid4808802 For these reasons, I do not think that the lapse of time between the ending of the police investigation and the commencement of Vili\rquote 
s trial had any significant impact on the fairness of his trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802   His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 right}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12002248\charrsid4808802  to a fair trial had not been breached.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1120624\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5453036\charrsid4808802     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368613\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid222800\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7881515\charrsid12850251       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8593305\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15597992\charrsid12850251    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13586563\charrsid12850251       
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid12850251 The criticism of Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15868208\charrsid12850251 \rquote s lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9124745\charrsid222800 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 91.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802 
 claims that his lawyers failed to represent him properly at his trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8879247\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802   He d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 id not spell out what his complaints }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802 about them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 
were in either his notice of appeal to the Court of Appeal or in his written submissions in support of his appeal.  We only know what his complaints against his lawyers were from the formal complaint he made about them under section 99 of the Legal Practi
tioners Act 2009 to the Chief Registrar of the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5980082\charrsid4808802 on 14 September 2018 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 seven months after his trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  The complaint and the attachments to it are at pages 165-172 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802   That complaint was in the bundle of documents prepared for the Court of Appeal, but only be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 cause it was attached to Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 \rquote 
s written submissions in response to the State\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802  written response to Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 \rquote s application for an enlargement of time in which to app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802 
eal and for bail pending the he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14057349\charrsid4808802 aring of his appeal.  Whether the Court of Appeal found it among the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802 large n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 umber of documents which Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802  filed and which were included in the Court of Appeal\rquote s bundle of documents is questionable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 : the Court did not refer to it in its judgment at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11755629\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2119154\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 92.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2119154\charrsid4808802 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 difficulty which Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2119154\charrsid4808802  faces is that there is a recognized procedure for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8205273\charrsid4808802 
complaining on appeal about the incompetence of one\rquote s legal representatives.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15143012\charrsid4808802 It was set out by the Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8205273\charrsid4808802 ppeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 Nilesh Chand v The State}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15143012\charrsid4808802 
Crucially, the lawyers whose conduct of the trial has been criticized must be given an opportunity to respond to each of the criticisms made of them, so that the court can then decide whether it is necessary for oral evidence to be given on any of the top
ics covered by the complaints.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 At a hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5980082\charrsid4808802 before a single judge of the Court o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 f Appeal on 28 May 2020, Vili}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5980082\charrsid4808802  was told that if he was goin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 
g to pursue his claim of incompetence on the part of his lawyers, he had to follow the established procedure for doing so.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14370994\charrsid4808802 
We asked him whether he had done that, but we are not sure t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 hat we understood his response.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14370994\charrsid4808802 He might have been saying that he had done that, but that h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 
is lawyers had not replied.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6686332\charrsid4808802 Or he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14370994\charrsid4808802  might have been saying that he had not done that because he thought that his complaint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802  under the Legal Pract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 itioners Act was sufficient.  Nor}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802  do we know whether he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331842\charrsid4808802 told the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 Full Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331842\charrsid4808802  that, but the fact remains that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802  by the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331842\charrsid4808802 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 is appeal was heard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 
 by the Full Court, the court did not know what his lawyers\rquote  response to the complaints against them were \endash 
 assuming, of course, that the court had found the list of his complaints (an assumption which I have already described as questionable). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11496674\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 93.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802 \rquote s lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15143012\charrsid4808802  responded to the complaints made under the Legal Practitioners Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802  by letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802 to the Chief Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802 dated 12 January 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802  four months before Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802 \rquote s appeal was heard by the Full Court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802 
However, it was not sent immediately.  It w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 as not receive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802 d by the Chief Registrar until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802 7 May 2023, by which time Vili\rquote s appeal to the Full Court had already been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802  heard.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14570333\charrsid4808802 
In view of when the letter was received by the Chief Registrar, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802  obviously}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802 
 not included in the bundle of documents provided to the Court of Appeal.  We h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 ave only seen it because Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15746745\charrsid4808802  included it in one of his appendices to his written submissions in support of his petition to the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6759233\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9703652\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 94.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9703652\charrsid4808802 The Court of Appeal described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5914379\charrsid4808802 Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6759233\charrsid4808802 \rquote s ground of appeal about the incompetence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2187426\charrsid4808802  of his lawyers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6759233\charrsid4808802 as \'93self-serving, scandalous and misconceived\'94
.  Whether they thought that a ground of appeal of this kind justified that description, or whether they simply thought that it was self-serving, scandalous and misconceived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9703652\charrsid4808802 for a ground of appeal of this kind to be pursue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6759233\charrsid4808802 d when }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2187426\charrsid4808802 it thought that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6759233\charrsid4808802 
the recognized procedure for pursuing it had not been followed, is not clear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9703652\charrsid4808802 
  But the bottom line is that this ground of appeal was not considered by the Court of Appeal on its merits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802  at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9703652\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1144285\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 95.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 Having said that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802  appeals based on the incompetence of one
\rquote s lawyers rarely succeed.  That is because the courts have set a very high bar for defendants to overcome.  It will only be in cases of flagrant incompetence which results in the defendant being denied a fair tria
l that an appeal will be allowed.  Adopting a particular defence strategy which many lawyers might not does not of itself amount to flagrant incompetence.  A defendant who instructs a lawyer to represent them gives the lawyer the authority 
the run the case as the lawyer thinks best.  You cannot subsequently turn round and say that the strategy was wrong. It is only if the strategy which was adopted was one which no sensible and prudent lawyer could possibly have adopted that you get into th
e territory of flagrant incompetence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11207935 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7869159\charrsid11207935 Vereivalu v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2022] FJSC 48 at para 63 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7869159\charrsid11207935 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Keith J).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 
  This mirrors the approach in New Zealand subject to one point.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 R v Sungsuwan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid7869159 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2006] 1 NZLR 730 at para 67.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802  the Supreme Court recognized that there may be rare cases in which the conduct of the defendant\rquote 
s lawyers, although reasonable in the sense that another competent lawyer might have done the same thing, might nevertheless have led to a miscarriage of justice so that an appeal would have to be allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11207935\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid222800\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 96.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 There are a large number of complaints which Vili
 makes against his lawyers.  Many were included in his original letter of complaint to the Chief Registrar but some were not.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 
I shall deal with each of them i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 
 a moment, but I deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 first }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 
a particular concern which I ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 ve about the conduct of Vili\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 s lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802  of which ironically no complaint has been made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 
  It relates to two witness statements about the behaviour of Mere later on the night in question.  Both these witness statements were among the disclosures, and so Vili\rquote s lawyers would have had them well before the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1265362\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid393254\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 97.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 The first witness statement is that of Elesi which she made on 2 November 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Pages 330-331 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802   It was s
he who took Mere to the hospital that morning to be medically examined.  She said in her statement that when Mere was asked by the doctor about where the rape}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid4808802  had happened, she did not answ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1316631\charrsid4808802 
er but just smiled.  When they got back to the police station, and she interviewed Mere, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid4808802 Mere never looked her in the eye.  Elesi added that 
\'93she was not that series [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid4808802 sic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid4808802 ] as a rape victim\'94.  Elesi\rquote s statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid4808802 
said that Mere was complaining about a headache, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid4808802  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1600257\charrsid4808802 at Mere \'93even told me to just hurry up as she really wants to go home\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid4808802   It went on:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10889576\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11491639\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 
\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251 When I started as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 
king her on what happened in the room where she was raped, she just st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid12850251 ood up and walked out of the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 rime office.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11491639\charrsid15685367 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 
An hour later, Mere had been persuaded to continue with the interview, and Elesi\rquote s statement said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 \'93As soon as I enter the door the victim started l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid12850251 
aughing at me.  I got a shock a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 nd asked her on why she was laughing at me,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 she shook her head and said nothing \'85
 Whilst asking her on what happen in the room she was smiling away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251  and then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251  she never look at me in the eye.  I was asking myself on what did really happen.  She \'85 continued giving her statement and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 he just s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 tood and walked around the office.  I asked her what
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 s wrong she did not answer my question but was s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 miling aw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 ay and concentrating o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 n her phone when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 it was ou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 t of power \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 
 She was also making fun of what had happened to h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251 er while having sexual intercourse.  She was laughing a
way when I stopped writing and stared at her in a shocking face.  I even asked her how her head is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid12850251 
 as she was saying before that it was aching.  She said that it is o.k. and that she was never suffering from headache.  She was smiling away \'85
 My overall observation on the victim when I was recording her statement she was not in a state of shock, emotio
nal stress or depressed as normal rape victims.  Her reaction and behaviour from the starting until the end of the statement kept me wondering whether she was mentally unfit at that point in time.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7817547\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9986853\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 98.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9986853\charrsid4808802 The second statement is that of Josua, the investigating officer which he made on 1 November 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Pages 322-323 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid4808802   He said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13138332\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7817547\charrsid9317565 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 
\'93I was looking from crime officer\rquote s office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10889576\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 I saw the victim giving excuses to WSC Elesi.  I thought that she was mentally unfit as the way she was acting.  It\rquote 
s like there was nothing happened to her or for her to show sign of a rape victim.  She stood up and tried to call on her phone outside and
 came back again.  She was not showing any sign of distress. I then went to the charge room to inform Cpl Disiga the way the victim was acting in the crime office.  Cpl Disiga then inform me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251  that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 had 2 cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 which the victim lied to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 about her report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 and her also being charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251  in Lautoka Police Station fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid12850251 
r giving false information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs14\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7817547\charrsid15685367 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 99.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802  It is surprising that Vili\rquote 
s lawyers did not try to elicit this evidence at the trial.  I have already said that in many jurisdictions juries are directed that there is no t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 ypical response to rap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 e, but this was nevertheless pow}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8082718\charrsid4808802 erful evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802  more than}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802  capable of casting doubt on Mere\rquote s credibility.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802   It is a complete mystery to me why the defence did not try to bring this evidence out at the trial by asking the State to tender Elesi and Josua, or to call them themselves. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7817547\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 100.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802 The other criticisms which have been made of Vili\rquote s lawyers are as follows.  First, in his witness statement, Josua said that Mere had told him that}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7697945\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs10\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7697945\charrsid12850251 \'93 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 
the person who brought her to the barrack never dropped her back to the hostel after them having sex there.  She was waiting for him outside and when she went to check for him again he was not there \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 323 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15160090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8786245\charrsid15685367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 Vili
\rquote s criticism of his lawyers is that this was never put to Mere, nor was it suggested to her that this was the reason why she had decided to make a false allegation of rape.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid12850251   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15160090\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid883607\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 101.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid4808802 Secondly, Vili claims that before the trial he had told his lawyers that he wanted to give evidence.  In their letter to the Chief Registrar, his lawyers did not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 expressly deal with that.  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid4808802 
hat they said was this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13138332\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10889576\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15160090\charrsid9317565 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx8505\tx8647\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6186889\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 \'93
Before the trial and after the prosecution closed their case [Vili] was advised on his right to give sworn testimony or remain silent.  The consequences of both were explained to him.  Hence he chose to remain silent.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs6\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15160090\charrsid9317565 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 
We asked Vili abo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 ut that.  He agreed that at the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid12850251 clusion of the State\rquote s case his lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251  had indeed explained to h
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 im what his options were.  Howeve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 r, they advised him that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251  in their view it was unnecessar}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 y for him to give evide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid12850251 nce i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 n the light of the incons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 istencies w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 hich had been exposed in the St}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 
ate\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251  case.  Vili told u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 
s that he reluctantly accepted th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 at adv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607\charrsid12850251 ice, but his criticism of them is that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10313556\charrsid12850251 
even with those inconsistencies they should have advised him that it would be better for him to give evidence because if he did not Mere\rquote s evidence would go uncontradicted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883607 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15160090\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 102.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802 Thirdly, Vili criticizes his lawyers for not producing the me
dical report on Mere or getting the doctor who examined her to give evidence.  In his report the doctor had said that she h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 
ad had no internal injuries.  The doctor had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802 
 added that Mere had told him that she had previously been sexually active, but had he been called to give evidence, it could have been put to him that forceful sexual intercourse was likely to leave some internal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 injuries even in a woman who was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802  sexual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802  experience}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11599901\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 103.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802 Fourthly, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12605598\charrsid4808802 n Petero\rquote 
s witness statement, he described what Vili had been wearing when he saw Vili follow a woman out of After Dark.  Vili had been wearing \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid4808802 
half uniform long side pocket trousers and a Bula Shirt\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 342 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 Vili claims that that was inconsistent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid4808802  with Mere\rquote 
s evidence that the man who raped her was wearing \'be pants and no T-shirt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Page 378 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8271007\charrsid4808802   Mere\rquote 
s evidence related to what the man had been wearing when he was lying on top of her, not what he had been wearing in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 
 After Dark, but Vili says that the difference between \'93half uniform long sided pocket trousers\'94 and \'be
 pants was too stark for the matter to have been overlooked.  His lawyers, he says, should have highlighted that inconsistency in the course of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 104.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 Fifthly, Vil
i says that his lawyers should have asked the judge not to start his summing-up to the assessors until Vili was in court.  It was, he claims, too important a part of the case for the trial to proceed in his absence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 105.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 Sixthly, Vili criticizes his lawyers for not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 
objecting to an amendment to the second charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8464656\charrsid4808802 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 
 In the original form of the charge, no-one was alleged to have been involved with Vili in the attempt to pervert the course of justice.  As a result of the amendment, Vili was alleged to have attempted to pervert the course of justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 with others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 
.  Vili says that no-one else was in fact charged, and his complaint was that (a) they should have been charged, and (b) if they had been, and he had been tried with them, his chances of being acquitted would have been greater.  His }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 criticism of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 
 his lawyers is that they should have raised this with the judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 106.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 Finally, Vili complai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 
ns about the division of the work between the tw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 o lawyers who repre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 sented him at the trial.  They were both members of the sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802 me firm}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 .  He h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 ad dealt with one of them}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802  in the course of prepa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 
ring for the trial.  It was she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802  who commenced the cross-examination of Mere.  However, Vili claims that she w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2770841\charrsid4808802 as so out of her depth that her colleague}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 
 had to take over, and it was he who conducted the rest of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13394559\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 trial when he had not been involved in the preparation of the case for trial at all.  That was why, so V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 ili claims,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid4808802  so many op}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3421780\charrsid4808802 portunities to challenge the State\rquote s case were missed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883607\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15796542\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 107.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid4808802 In the interests of completeness, there ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid4808802 
e a number of matters which I h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid4808802 ave mentioned in this judgment which Vili\rquote 
s lawyers did not explore at the trial.  I list them here because they also relate to the quality of Vili\rquote s legal representation, even though he has not specifically relied on any of them:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15796542\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid9317565 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10969232\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid12850251 Vili\rquote s lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 
 did not ask for Mere to be recalled, once Pita had given his evidence, to ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251  her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 
whether she agreed that she had only told Pita that she had been raped when she went to his home, and if so, why had she not mentioned that to him earlier when she was talking to Ledua. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7364917\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 They did not require Jos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 efa or Rogoele to give evidence to contrad}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 ict Mere\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 
s evidence about where the room in which she ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15796542\charrsid12850251 d been raped had been.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1644759\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 They did not cross-examine Mere on the inconsistency between her evidence and what she had said in her witness statement about the man }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251 who raped her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 
having told her to sit on a mattress which was on the floor.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
They did not ask for Josua to be tendered as a witness so that he could be asked whether it had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid12850251 
 possible for Vili to have been asked to go on an identification parade }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid12850251 before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid12850251  Mere had seen him at the police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
They did not ask the judge at the end of his summing-up to give the assessors a direction on how to treat the dock identification or a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15424731\charrsid12850251 
Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid12850251  direction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12086699\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 108.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid4808802 I make no comment at all on wh
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 ether any of these criticisms a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid4808802 
re justi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 fied, and whether, if so, they could be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12086699\charrsid4808802 said to have resulted in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802  Vili not having a fair trial.  That is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 because that was for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 
 the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 to decide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802 
\endash 
 if necessary, by requiring Vili and his lawyers to give evidence about these complaints.  It would be wrong for the Supreme Court to usurp the role of the Court of Appeal in this respect.  In the circumstances, I would remit the issue relating to the qu
ality of Vili\rquote s legal representation at his trial to the Court o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 f Appeal for a differently constituted court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15950702\charrsid4808802  to determine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802  whether he has been denied a fair trial}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802  on that account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 109.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 I have naturally considered wit
h care the judgment of Gates J which I have had an opportunity to read in draft.  He says that the appellate courts are not equipped to deal with complaints about one\rquote s leg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1447227\charrsid4808802 al representation at trial.  I disagree.  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 
ith the benefit of the procedure outlined in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 Nilesh Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 , they are.  Recourse to the procedure under the Legal Practitioners Act is no substitute for that: it will not affect the defendant\rquote s conviction.  Gates J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1447227\charrsid4808802  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802  says that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1447227\charrsid4808802 much of what Vili claims is \'93only speculation\'94 about why his lawyers 
took the course they did, but that is precisely what the remission to the Court of Appeal is intended to resolve.  The course which Gates J proposes would be entirely appropriate if the criticisms made by Vili of his lawyers, if true, are not capable of a
mounting to flagrant incompetence on their part.  In my view, though, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1447227\charrsid4808802 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1447227\charrsid4808802  capable of meeting that high threshold, but whether they in fact do or not is for the court ultimately to decide \endash  if necessary by hearing evidence from both sides.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7869159\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 110.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802 The delay in this case has been such that it is important for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802 
the momentum to be maintained.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid4808802 I would therefore make the following additional directions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid143373\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481268 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481268\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs6\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9317565\charrsid15685367 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid481268\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251 Vili\rquote s lawyers should be served with a copy of this judgment within 21 days of the handing down of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid481268\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251 They should file their response in writing to each of the complaints set out in paras 75-85 of this judgment in the Court of App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 eal Registry, and serve a copy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251 of it on Vili, within 42 days }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 of the service on them of a copy of this judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid12850251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251  Vili\rquote 
s remitted appeal against his conviction should be listed, as soon as possible thereafter, before a single judge of the Court of Appeal for the court to decide whether any person (whether Vili or either of the two members of the firm who represented him a
t his trial) should be required to attend the hearing of Vili\rquote s appeal in the Court of Appeal to be cross-examined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367\charrsid12850251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15685367 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251  Vili\rquote s remitted appeal against his conviction should be listed before the Full Court as soon as possible thereafter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6684938\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7426772\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 111.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772\charrsid4808802 
For the reasons I have endeavored to give, I would dismiss all the other grounds of appeal against conviction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5517446\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481268 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481268\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6684938 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5517446\charrsid12850251 
The application for leave to appeal against sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid143373 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 112.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 Vili did not seek leave to appeal against his sentence when he applied to the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772\charrsid4808802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 
for leave to appeal against his conviction.  It is only since the dismissal of his appeal against his conviction by the Court of Appeal that he has applied to the Supreme Court for leave to appeal against his sentence.  It is because the State has accepte
d that one aspect of his sentence cannot stand that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 it is appropriate for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 the Suprem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 e Court exceptionally to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802  revisit his sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772\charrsid4808802   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6684938\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 113.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 The judge took 10 years\rquote  imprisonment as his starting point.  He deducted 12 months for Vili\rquote 
s clear record and for the time he had spent in custody awaiting trial.  He then deducted a further 12 months, as I have previously said, f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 
or the delay in bringing him to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802  trial.  The judge theref}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 ore passed a head sentence of 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802  years\rquote 
 imprisonment, and he then imposed a non-parole period of 7 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3875892\charrsid4808802   Although Vili initially challenged the judge\rquote 
s starting point of 10 years\rquote  imprisonment, the only feature of his sentence to which he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3875892\charrsid4808802 takes objection is the non-parole period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9916434\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6684938\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3875892\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 114.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3875892\charrsid4808802 Vili takes two points.  First, he questions whether it was appropriate for the judge to have imposed a non-parole period at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid4808802   He cited what was said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid4808802 Nacani Timo v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid4808802 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2019] FJSC 22 at para 10 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7869159\charrsid9848611 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Gates J). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9848611\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6684938\charrsid6684938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 
\'93A person with a previous good character or with minor prior offending may be an appropriate candidate to be allowed the benefits of the one third remission alone without an order for a period of ineligibility for parole.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs8\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6684938\charrsid6684938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 This }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 statement was based on section 18(2) of the Sentencing and Penalties Act 2009, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 perfectly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 correct statement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 the law at the time.  B}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611\charrsid12850251 ut it has been superceded by subsequent events.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 
  Section 18(2) has been repealed with retrospective effect, and the effect of its repeal was to make the imposition of a non-parole period mandatory in all cases, even in those cases in which the sentence was passed before the amendment took effect.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  See  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7869159\charrsid12741743 Kreimanis v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2023] FJSC 19.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251   It follows that the judge can no longer be criticized for imposing a non-parole period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9848611 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10952240\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12741743\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 115.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid4808802 Secondly, Vili complains that the non-parole period was too close to the head sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3167258\charrsid4808802   That complaint is justified, and the State agrees. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9341\charrsid4808802 As was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802  said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802 Tora v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid4479379\charrsid12850251 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid7869159 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  [2015] FJCA 20 at para 2 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7869159\charrsid4479379 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869159  Calanchini P).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3167258\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri855\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1134\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3167258\charrsid12850251 \'93
The non-parole term should not be so close to the head sentence as to deny or discourage the possibility of rehabilitation. Nor should the gap between the non-parole term and the head sentence be such as to be ineffective as a deterrent\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3167258 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs12\cf1\insrsid6684938\charrsid6684938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3167258\charrsid12850251 
Neither the legislature nor the courts have said otherwise since then despite the scrutiny to which the non-par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4479379\charrsid12850251 ole period has been subjected.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3167258\charrsid12850251 
The principle that the gap between the non-parole period and the head sentence must be a meaningful one is obviously right.  Otherwise there will be little incentive for prisoners to behave themselves in prison, and the advantages of incentivising good be
haviour in prison by the granting of remission will be lost. The difference of only one year in this case was insufficient. I would increase the difference to 18 months. I would therefore reduce the non-parole period in this case to 6 and a half years}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4479379\charrsid12850251 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4479379\charrsid12850251 
On a non-parole period of 6 and a half years, Vili would still be having to serve an extra 14 months after he would otherwise have been entitled to release on remission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4479379 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6684938\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4479379\charrsid12850251 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12741743\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 116.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802 For these reasons, I would give Vili leave to appeal against his convic
tion on the basis that (a) his ground of appeal relating to delay involves a question of general legal importance, and (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 
substantial and grave injustice ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4479379\charrsid4808802 y occur if he were not permitted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 
question the role his lawyers played at his trial.  I would also give Vili leave to appeal against his sentence on the basis that substantial and grave injustice may occur if he were not permitted to contend that the gap between his head sentence and the 
non-parole period was too short.  In accordance with the Supreme Court\rquote s usual practice, I would trea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 t the hearing of h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 is application for leave to appeal as the hearing of the appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 I would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 dismiss }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 grounds of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 
appeal against conviction, save for remitting the ground of appeal relating to the conduct of his lawyers at his trial to the Court of Appeal to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10969232\charrsid4808802 afresh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 by a differently constituted court.  For the pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802 rposes of the remitt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 ed appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802  I w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 ould give t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8871343\charrsid4808802 he directions set out in para 91}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802  above.  I would allow Vili
\rquote s appeal against sentence, I would quash the non-parole period of 7 years specified by the High Court, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802  I would substitute for i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid4808802 t a non-parole period of 6 years and 6 months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6183238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251 
Postscript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid12850251   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6571981\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3875892\charrsid12850251  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 117.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802 One of the difficulties in this case was identifying what the reasons were for the delay once the case had got to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1119450\charrsid4808802 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802  High Court.  That was because of the brevity of the judge\rquote 
s notes of what ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1119450\charrsid4808802 ppened on the many occasions when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid4808802 
 the case was listed for mention.  For example, the case was adjourned without a date being fixed for trial a number of times, but the judge did not note on any of those occasions why it had not been possible to fix a date for the trial then.  I hope that
 in the future judges will make a fuller note of things like that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7959011\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid6435099 Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6435099\charrsid6435099 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid6435099  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid6435099 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 118.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9390782\charrsid4808802 I have read the judgment of Keith J in draft. I agree with its reasoning and with the orders proposed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4082178\charrsid4808802 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid15169090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4808802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251 Orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 Leave to appeal against conviction and sentence is hereby granted;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2325875\charrsid12850251  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
Subject to para (3), all the petitioner\rquote s grounds of appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 conviction are dismissed;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid481268\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid481268\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 The petitioner\rquote 
s appeal against conviction on the ground of lack of competence on the part of his lawyers is remitted to the Court of Appeal for that ground to be considered afresh by a differently constituted Court of Appeal;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9124066\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 Supreme Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
rt Registry must serve the petitioner\rquote s former lawyers, Babu Singh & Associates, with a copy of this judgment within 21 days of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 
he handing down of the judgment;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9124066\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
Babu Singh & Associates must file their response in writing to each of the complaints set out in paras 75-85 of this judgment in the Court of Appeal Registry, and must serve a copy of it on the petitioner, within 42 days of the service on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 them of a copy of this judgment;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9124066\charrsid12850251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 The petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \rquote s remitted appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 
al against his conviction must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251  be listed, as soon as possible thereafter, before a single judge of the Court of Appeal for the court to decide 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 whether any person (whether the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251  or eithe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 
r of the two members of the Babu Singh & Associates who represented the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251  at his trial) should be required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251  to attend the hearing of the petitioner\rquote s remitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
 appeal in the Court of Appeal to be cross-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 examined;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481268 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9124066\charrsid481268 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs6\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267\charrsid6368267 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 The petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 \rquote s remitted appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 al against his conviction must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496\charrsid12850251 
 be listed before the Full Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251  as soon as possible thereafter;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6765496 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid481268\charrsid6368267 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs2\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267\charrsid6368267 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 The petitioner\rquote 
s appeal against sentence is hereby allowed;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs14\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6368267\charrsid6368267 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15169090\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6181728\charrsid12850251 
The non-parole period of 7 years is hereby quashed, and substituted for it is a non-parole period of 6 years and 6 months. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3875892\charrsid12850251 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9916434\charrsid13262765  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7426772\charrsid13262765  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13262765 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15685367\charrsid13262765 The Hon. Justice Anthony Gates
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13262765\charrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15685367\charrsid13262765 The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13262765\charrsid13262765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15685367\charrsid13262765 The Hon. Justice T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080151\charrsid13262765 erence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15685367\charrsid13262765  Arnold
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