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{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f43\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Segoe UI;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
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{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
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{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
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{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \sunhideused \styrsid10910923 header;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext22 \slink23 \sunhideused \styrsid10910923 footer;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink22 \slocked \styrsid10910923 Footer Char;}}
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\sbasedon0 \snext18 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid6561952 List Paragraph;}{\*\cs19 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid4409148 None;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \sunhideused \styrsid10910923 header;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext22 \slink23 \sunhideused \styrsid10910923 footer;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink22 \slocked \styrsid10910923 Footer Char;}}}}{\*\listtable
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\fi-360\li4440\lin4440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u4 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fi-360\li6600\lin6600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u7 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li7320\lin7320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u8 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li8040\lin8040 }{\listname ;}\listid707802071}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1810078352
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\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u1 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u2 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u3 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u4 \'c9.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 MISCELLANEOUS PETITION NO. MISC 01 of 2024
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
IN THE MATTER of Section 91(5) of the Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4214871 itution of the Republic of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par 
\par IN THE MATTER of a reference by Cabinet for an opinion from the Supreme Court on matters concerning the interpretation and application of sections 105(2) (b), 114(2), 116(4) and 117(2) of the Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4214871 itution of the Republic of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5009152\charrsid5009152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 The Hon. Justice Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5009152 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon. Justice Terence Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5009152 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5009152\charrsid5009152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Mr. F. Haniff for the Solicitor General
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\tx6663\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Mr. A. J. Singh & Ms. P. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 D. Prasad for Justice Alipate Qetaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Mr. P. Sharma for the Fiji Human Rights}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152  and Anti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 Discrimination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152  Commission
\par Mr. R. K. Naidu for the Fiji Law Society
\par Mr. M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 ohammed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152  Saneem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 
in Person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par Ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 . G. Fatima for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16254378\charrsid5009152 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4199311\charrsid5009152 
 Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5009152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 24 April, 2024
\par Date of Ruling:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5009152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid5009152 26 April, 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4409148\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 is the judgment of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14964586 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 which both of us have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  contributed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 By }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 an Originating Motion dated 5 April 2024, the Cabinet sought the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 opinion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 the Supreme Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  section 91(5) of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148  of the Republic of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 , on whether a legal practitioner found by the Independent Legal S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 ervices Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 to have engaged in \'93unsatisfactory professional conduct or professional misconduct\'94 within the meaning of section 121(1) of the Legal Practitioners Act 2009 is to be regarded as having been \'93
found guilty of any disciplinary proceeding involving legal practitioners\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148  within the meaning of v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 arious sections of the Constitution.  The context }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 in which that opinion wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 s sough}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 t relates to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  appointme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 nt of John Rabuku}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  to the office of Director of Public Prosecutions and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 Alipate Qetaki to the office of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 Judge of the Court o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 
f Appeal.  Their eligibility for appointment had been questioned in some quarters. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 At }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 
a previous hearing, the Court ordered the Reference to be served on Mr Rabuku and Justice Qetaki, as well as on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 Law Socie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 ty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148  and the Fiji Human Rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 and Anti-Discrimination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 
Commission.  Mohammed Saneem, the former Supervisor of Elections, and Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, the former Attorney-General and Minister for Justice, have each applied to join in the proceedings as interven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14971110\charrsid4409148 rs.  This judgment relates to those applications.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 Test for intervention
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 is nothing in the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 
 Rules which identifies the tes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
t to be applied when determining whether someone should be permitted to intervene in a matter proceeding in the Supreme Court.  In these circumstances, the High Court Rules and the Court of Appeal Rules apply: see rule 31 of the Supreme Court Rules.  Ther
e is nothing in the Court of Appeal Rules on the topic.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 Both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 Mr Saneem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 and Mr Sayed-Khaiyum apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  to intervene pursuant to Ord 15 rule (6)(b)(i) and (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148  of the High Court Rules.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 In our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 opinion, these rules are of little help: they relate to the joinder of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 whereas a reference to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 ection 91(5) of the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 does not have parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 in the conventional sense.  Such a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 reference is more akin to an application for judicial review because, like an application for judicial review, it is asking the Court to rule on the legality of a decision in public law \endash 
 in this case the decision to appoint Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 Rabuku and Justice Qetaki to their respective offices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
.  The test for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 the standing of interested participants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 in applications for judicial review is set out in Ord 53 rule 9(1) of the High Court Rules: any person who appears to the Court to be a proper person to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 This is to be contrasted with the test for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 bringing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 
an application for judicial review in Ord 53 rule 3(5) of the High Court Rules, namely that the applicant must have a sufficient interest in the matter to which the application relates.  Almost all of the authorities relating to standing \endash 
 whether in Fiji or elsewhere \endash  are cases concerned with the standing of someone who wants to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148  bring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148  an application for judicial review, not cases concerned with the standing of someone who seeks to intervene in existing proceedings.  And there is n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 o case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  in a comparable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 , so far as we know, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 
relates to the standing of someone who wants to intervene in a case proceeding in the highest appellate court in its original as opposed to its appellate jurisdiction, where that jurisdiction arises from a constitutional provision empowering the governmen
t to seek a definitive ruling on the proper interpretation and application of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148  other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148 
 constitutional provisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148   In this respect, we are in uncharted territory.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561952\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148 There has been an increasingly benevolent approach to standing in recen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 t years.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5597712\charrsid4409148 One important trend has emerged.  It is nowadays less important }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5597712\charrsid4409148 
a prospective intervener to show that they are directly affected by the outcome of the case.  Their interest can be much broader than that.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 For example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3371427\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 the courts h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148 ave recogni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15164595\charrsid4409148 ed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 \'93the law must somehow find a place for the disinterested, or less directly interested, citizen in order to prevent illegalities in government which otherwise no-one would be competent to challenge
\'94: Wade and Forsy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 Administrative Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 , 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148  ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148 , p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 
age 680.  By that route, interested pressure groups have been allowed to intervene }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 in cases which raise, for examp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11762344\charrsid4409148 le, difficult questions of social policy or ethical issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 At the same tim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 e, though, the courts have focused much more than in the past, no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11412662\charrsid4409148 t merely on whether the prospective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148  interv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148 ene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 
r has an interest in the outcome of the case, but also on the extent to which they would be able to assist the court.  There are many instances of that in the reported cases.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 Re Northern Ireland Human Right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148 s Commission (Northern Ire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 land)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 [2002}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 ] UKHL 25 at para 32, Lord Woolf said that whether intervention should be permitted would \'93frequently \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148  depend upon whether the inte
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 rvention will assist the court itself to perform the role upon which it is engaged\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 .  In }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 Lecretia Seal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 es v Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148  [2015]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6121074\charrsid4409148 NZHC 828 at para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148  46, Collins J said that \'93in a proceeding involving issues of general and wide public importance, leave to intervene may be granted when the Court is satisfied that it would be assisted by the intervener\'94
.  Indeed, the Supreme Court itself has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16254378 said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148  something very similar.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148 Vakalalabure v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5078484\charrsid4409148  [2006] FJSC 3, the Court said at para 118: \'93
Courts of final appeal that permit intervention generally look to satisfy themselves that the prospective intervener can contribute information or submissions beyond the ken of the parties.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4214871 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11412662\charrsid4409148 
ith these considerations in mind, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 address }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 Mr Saneem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 \rquote s application first.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 Mr Saneem\rquote s application

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 Mr Saneem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 s t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
o have standing for two reasons.  The first is that he has recently been charged with a criminal offence which he claims was san}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 ctioned by Mr Rabuku in his capacity }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 Director }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 
of Public Prosecutions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148   He contends that a finding that Mr Rabuku was not eligible to hold that office would have an impact on his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 wn criminal proceedings.  Analytically, that argument raises two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  different issues.  One is whether Mr Rabuku was eligible for appointment.  The other relates to the validity of any decisions he made following his appointment b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 ut before any ruling that he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 ot }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 eligible for appointment.  Mr Saneem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  may be a proper person to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148  be heard on the latter issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 (which does not arise o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 n the Reference), but that does not necessarily mean that he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
a proper person to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148  be heard on the former issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 (which is the only issue which arises on the Reference). 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 
do not doubt that Mr Saneem has a keen interest in the outcome of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 the R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 eference.  A f}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 inding that Mr R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 abuku was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 ineligib}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 
 for appointment is the first matter whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 h has to be establishe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 d i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 f Mr San}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 eem is to be able to question the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 
validity of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148  decision to sanction the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 ayi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1919796\charrsid4409148 ng of the criminal charge against him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 If having a keen interest in the outcome of the Refe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 rence was the proper test, it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 ould, of course, be appropriate for Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 Saneem to be allowed to intervene.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148   Indeed, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 hat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 would apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148  anyone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 
affected by any decision made by Mr Rabuku or in his name during the period in which he held the office of Director of Public Prosecutions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 
We would not shirk from permitting Mr Saneem to intervene if the test was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 whether someone has an interest i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 n the outcome of the Reference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 , even if that meant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 
that very many people i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 n a similar position could intervene as well.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid14964586\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid4409148 However, even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148  if that is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148  the test for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148  bringing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 an application for judicial review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 
, we do not believe that simply having an i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 nterest in the outcome of the Reference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 
 is the correct test for someone seeking to intervene in existing proceedings \endash  let }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 alone procee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 dings of the nature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 in this case.  In our view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16516479\charrsid4409148 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 he real question is whet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 
her someone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148  in Mr Saneem\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 s position as a person affect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 ed by a decision made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 by Mr Rab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 uku }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 during his tenure as Director of Public Prosecutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 
has anything particular to contribute to the debate, and which might help the Court resolve the issue on which its opinion has been sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4010597\charrsid4409148 
brings us to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 he second basis on which Mr Saneem claims to have standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3021433\charrsid4409148 .  That}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  is that \'93as a former Chief Registrar\'94, he is \'93able to assist the Court with the practical aspects of the application of the provisions of the Legal Practitioners Act\'94
.  That arises because the Chief Registrar of the High Court has a defined role to play 
in the investigation of complaints against legal practitioners and in disciplinary proceedings against legal practitioners before the Independent Legal Services Commission. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148  Mr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3487408\charrsid4409148 Saneem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
says that as Chief Registrar he was responsible for the Legal Practitioners Unit, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16254378 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
s the unit which provided lawyers to present the case against legal practitioners at hearings before the Commission.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 Having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
said that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 as we understand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  Mr Saneem\rquote 
s affidavit, he was never confirmed in the substantive post of Chief Registrar, and was only in post for a very short w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 hile between late 2012 and some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 time in 2013.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 We regard it as questionable whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 the narrow issue which the Reference raises require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
 the Court to be informed of the practical aspects of the application of the provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 of the Legal Practitioners Act.  But should that become necessary, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 that information can be given to the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 ourt by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148  for the Cabinet on the Reference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 
, and the legal teams of the persons and bodies who have been served with the Ref}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 erence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 
n any event, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148 t wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 uld hardly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  be appropriate for that information to be provided only by a former Acting Chief Registrar who has his own reasons for wanting the Court to rule that Mr Rabuku was not eligible for appointment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10178358\charrsid4409148  That echoes the thinking of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148 
Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2121986\charrsid4409148 Vakalalabure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10178358\charrsid4409148 
 at para 118.  One of its concerns about allowing the application to intervene in that case was that \'93a cloud hovers over [the] objectivity\'94 of the prospective intervener.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321666\charrsid4409148 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10838448\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 There i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 
s one other matter we should mention.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 Mr S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 aneem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 says that he had been conside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5839378\charrsid4409148 ring applying fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148 
r judicial review of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5839378\charrsid4409148  what he claims to have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14889469\charrsid4409148  Mr Rabuku\rquote s decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316278\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5839378\charrsid4409148 to sanction the charge against him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 
.  That would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5839378\charrsid4409148  on t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 he basis that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 Rabuku\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5839378\charrsid4409148 
 ineligibility for appointment meant that he could not exercise any of the powers accorded to the Director of Public Prosecutions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3087260\charrsid4409148 
  Mr Saneem contends that his application for judicial review would be fatally undermined if on this Reference the Court ruled that Mr Rabuku had been eligible for appointment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 
  That is perfectly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 true.  But it merely reinforce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 s the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148  point that Mr S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 neem has a keen interest in the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148  outcome of the Reference.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 t doe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 s not help on whether he has some special knowledge or expertise which woul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 d inform the debate about whether Mr Rabuku was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148  ineligible for appointment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148  For these reasons, Mr Sanee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 m\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13257986\charrsid4409148 s appli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148 cation to intervene in the Reference }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1001796\charrsid4409148  refused.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Mr Sayed-Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 iyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \rquote s application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9395601\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Mr Sayed-Khaiyum\rquote 
s application to be joined as an intervener is based on several grounds, the two most important being:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-850\li1134\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4409148 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
First, because of his background as a former Attorney-General and Minister for Justice under various }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 overnments from 2007, he has extensive experience of both the Judicial Services Commission\rquote 
s appointment process and, more particularly, the background to the drafting and adoption of the 2013 Constitution.  Mr Sayed-Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 iyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  submitted that the Court would be assisted by his legal submissions in relation to the philosophy, background, drafting, purpose, application and intended interpretation of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
Second, because he is facing a criminal charge sanctioned by one of the public officers referred to in the Reference, the Director of Public Prosecutions, he has a particular interest in the issues raised by the Reference.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par In her submissions in support of Mr Sayed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 iyum\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  application, Ms Fatima emphasised the first of these grounds.  
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 In relation to the second ground, we do not see Mr Sayed-Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 iyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  as being in any different position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 from}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  Mr Saneem or, indeed, anyone else affected by decisions made either by Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11797189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Rabuku personally or in his name while acting as Director of Public Prosecutions.  For the reasons already given in relation to Mr Saneem, we would not grant him leave to intervene on that ground.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Turning to the first and more significant ground, there are, of course, situations where a court seeking to interpret a statute will look at some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 types}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
 of background material.  In a constitutional setting, an obvious example of this is the United States, where members of the Supreme Court often refer to sources such as the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Federalist Papers and the framers\rquote 
 contemporary writings when interpreting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 United States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 Constitution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
However, there are several reasons why such an approach would not be appropriate in this case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
First, we are concerned in this Reference with a specific aspect of the Constitution, namely the interpretation and application of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  105(2)(b) of the Constitution, specifically, the reference to a person not having \'93been found guilty of any disciplinary proceeding involving legal practitioners \'85\'94
.  We think it unlikely that there will be much, if anything, in the background that could assist with the interpretation of that particular requirement.  We acknowledge that the Constitution requires that tho
se appointed to a number of offices must meet the qualifications for appointment as a judge and that there may well be some background }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493724\charrsid4409148 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493724\charrsid4409148 why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 that requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493724\charrsid4409148 applies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
in relation to those offices.  But that does not bear on the fundamental issue of interpretation raised by the Reference.   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
Second, as we understand it, the Fijian Constitution of 2013 was not the result of the type of public process that preceded the adoption of the United States Constitution.  Rather, it was the work of a relatively small group of officials, of which Mr Saye
d-Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 iyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
 was one.  If we were to grant him leave to assist the Court with matters of background, we would have also to seek input from other members of the group.  This is particularly so because Mr Sayed-Kha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7024139\charrsid4409148 iyum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 , no matter how hard he tries, cannot be dispassionate given his personal interest in the outcome of the Reference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325737   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9901636 Allowing e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325737 
vidence of this type would be inconsistent with the nature of a reference, which is by way of case stated: see rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9901636 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325737 
 of the Supreme Court Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148 In the result, then, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4604847\charrsid4409148 refuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493724\charrsid4409148 Mr Sayed-Khaiyum\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315\charrsid4409148  application for leave to intervene.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4915315 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid4409148 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 Orders of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\tx3073\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid5009152\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid5009152\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923 The applications of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923 Mohammed Saneem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923 Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum for leave to intervene in the Reference are refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5009152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14964586\charrsid10910923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9901636\charrsid10910923 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 The Hon. Justice Terence Arnold
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid4409148\charrsid10910923 Judge of the Supreme Court
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