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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL, FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellate Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. CAV0005 OF 2023
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court of Appeal No: AAU0032 of 2021]
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [Suva High Court: HAA 22/20\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
BETWEEN\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid811307 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11471818\charrsid811307 ROHIT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid6518518\charrsid811307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid16272786\charrsid811307 RAM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid6518518\charrsid811307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid16272786\charrsid811307 LATCHAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AND}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid811307 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11471818\charrsid811307 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid811307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1985\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Respondent
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3364564 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11408272\charrsid3364564 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11408272 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11408272 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri-563\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-563\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11408272\charrsid13836968 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11408272\charrsid13836968 :\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7562616 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11408272 Anthony Gates, Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7562616 Madam }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 
, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7562616 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1261939 Justice Alipate Qetaki, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid9389011 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6518518 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5328947 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs23\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 Singh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs23\insrsid9389011 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs23\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 or the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid9389011 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid9389011 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid9389011 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5328947 R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 Kumar, R, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9389011 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9389011\charrsid9389011 or the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \tab \tab  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Date of Hearing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid11096356 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9 August 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid11096356  
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272\charrsid12662139 Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11408272 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 :\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid11096356 29 August 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid1010096 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1713082 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs36\ul\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1309\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gates, J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8614198 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7090576 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7090576 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
I have read in draft the judgment of Qetaki, J which follows.  I am in full agreement with it, and with its \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 reasons and orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Goddard, J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8614198\charrsid6824482 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2360022 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2360022 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
I agree entirely with the reasoning and conclusions of the learned Judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Qetaki, J
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Background }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8614198\charrsid8478139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner was charged with 3 counts of the offence of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6823900\charrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 undischarged bankrupt a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1460497\charrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 cting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6823900\charrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as a d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1460497\charrsid8614198 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 irector}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 contrary to section 189(1) of the Companies Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9513625 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (Cap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid596064 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9513625 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 247}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid596064 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12014720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 found guilty by the learned Resident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9402690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Magistrate (Magistrate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12014720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
of Counts 1 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 is appealin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12014720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 g against his conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12014720 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Petitioner was found not guilty and acquitted of Count 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3830110 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7960467 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8614198 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 According to the Information }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6823900 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (Amended) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 filed for Counts 1 and 2, the offences }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7960467 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 committed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 are both under sec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3761910 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 tion 189(1) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Companies Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3761910 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Cap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 247),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  however, the particulars }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the offences sli\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ghtly differ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12465074\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
for Count}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2846878\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12465074\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 1:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7960467 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3818299 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818299\charrsid8198350 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 on the 28}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid13375490\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13375490\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
day of October 2014, at Suva in the Central Division being declared a bankrupt by the Magistrates Court in Suva and not having received his discharge acted as a director of, or directly or indirectly took pa\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
rt in the management of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Latchan Holdings Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 without the leave of the Court by signing as the Director of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Latchan Holdings Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  on application for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Caveat No. 804805}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 
\'94.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li1134\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3761910\charrsid8198350 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Underlining added for emphasis).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4998907\charrsid8198350 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7960467 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7960467 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 For Count 2 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 particulars of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7960467 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  committed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7960467 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as in Count 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11674628 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , except that, it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 with respect to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5067301 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 application for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid1460497\charrsid3761910 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Caveat No. 804806}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5123364 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Count 3, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3761910 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 dismissed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254377 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 relate to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254377 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 commission of the same offence but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , from,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4140685 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 4th January to 30 December 2015 and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sig\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 by the petitioner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
was as a director in a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5067301 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660968 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11751832 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3761910 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5067301 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5254377 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Estol Holdings Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13375490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13375490\charrsid5254377 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254377\charrsid5254377 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 prosecution was unable to prove that the accused directly or indirectly took part in the management of the said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4140685 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 company, hence his acquittal on the count.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9898525 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Upo\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n being found guilty}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12465074 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of Counts 1 and 2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841724 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Magistrate,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5320278 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on 3 March 2020,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12465074 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the Petitioner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686284 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ordered that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 a conviction shall be recorded \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12465074 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5320278 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 imposed a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4396543 
\loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11751832 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Aggregate fine of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13658839 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 $500- with a default term of imprisonment of 50 days\'94\loch\f0 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13658839 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 at \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
paragraphs 18, 24 and 25 of Sentence, page 60 of Appeal Record of Magistrates Court).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12465074 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13658839 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4396543 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13658839\charrsid13658839 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Judgment of Resident Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13658839 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12588846 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Relevant passages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5320278 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  from the judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8478139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of Asanga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1053387 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Bodaragama,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8478139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Resident Magistrate delivered on 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8478139\charrsid5320278 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8478139 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  day of December 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1053387 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5320278 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 are reproduced bel\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ow:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8478139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 17.\tab 
The allegations against the accused in all three counts is that he acted as director of Latchan Holdings Limited and Estol Holdings Limited or directly or indirectly took part in the management of the said companies while being declared bankrupt.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 18.\tab 
During the hearing the prosecution tendered a document marked PE4 the order declaring the accused bankrupt in case number 395/2001.Further to that, accused in his caution interview admitted that he was declared bankrupt in case number 395/2001.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 19. \tab F\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
urther, Prosecution tendered two caveats marked as PE1 and PE2 signed and lodged by the accused as a director of Latchan Holdings Limited. There was no dispute that such caveats were signed by the accused. Learned counsel for the accused questioned the wi
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ness Ms Torika Geneva to suggest that the accused sign those documents not as a director but on authority from the directors to sign such documents.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 23\tab \hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85
\loch\f0 ..Mr Nand admitted his knowledge on a letter issued by Credit Corporation in\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 2012 informing ORO that as creditors they are not objecting to any application being made to court to rescind the bankruptcy order against the accused. When questioned on the time period relevant to these charges Mr Nan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10841724 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  clearly answered that accused was \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 still bankrupt during December 2013 to December 2015\'85
\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2841955 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 24. \tab As per the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act, paying the debt in question and discharging a receiving order or bankruptcy order is not the same. In terms of section 28 of the Bankruptcy Act, a b
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ankrupt may, at any time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 after being adjudged bankrupt,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 apply to the court for an order of discharge. Thus, mere settling the debt to the creditors does not automatically discharge a bankruptcy order. Debtor shall make an application to court to discharge \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
the bankruptcy order against him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 28.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13375490 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , by way of Mr Janardhan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s evidence prosecution proved that court had not issued any orders granting leave to accused to act as a director during the time material to these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 charges. \hich\f0 \rquote ..}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 
\par \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 29. \tab Ms Torika during her evidence identified and marked 02 caveats lodged at her office on behalf of Latchan Holdings Limited. She further testified accused signed PE1 and PE2 as a director of Latchan
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 Holdings Limited. However, her evidence is not enough to prove the signature of the accused as she is not an expert in identifying signature nor is she familiar with the signature of the accused. In his caution interview accused admitted that he signed b
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 th PE1 and PE2.Thus, the fact that accused had signed PE1 and PE2 are not facts in dispute\'85\'85\'85.\'94
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 36. \tab Therefore, I hold that prosecution proved that accused signed and lodged PE1 and PE2 as a director of Latchan Holdings Limited.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 37. \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
As for the document marked PE8 accused was appointed as a director of Estol Holding with effect from 07.06.2012 and as per PE9 he ceased to be a director of the said company on 01.06.2016, which is within the time material to the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid8087427 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  count.
\par \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 38\tab \hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\loch\f0 .I have no question of accepting PE8 and PE9 as reliable evidence.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 39. \tab However, the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid8087427 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 charge alleged inter alia that accused acted as a director of, or directly or indirectly took part in the management of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Estol Holdings Limit\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 without he leave of the Court by signing as the Director of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Estol Holdings Limited.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 40.\tab  However, the 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid8087427 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  element of the charge require the prosecution to prove accuse directly or indirectly took part in the management of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4998907\charrsid12125758 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Estol Holdings Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and sign\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ed as the director of the said company. In PE8 or PE9 accused name appears as director of Estol Holdings but that does not prove he directly or indirectly took part in the management of the company. Therefore, I am unable to accept that prosecution proved
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the fourth element of the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid12125758 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  charge against the accused.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 41. \tab Therefore, I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13375490 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 old that prosecution proved all elements of the 1
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid12125758 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid12125758 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 charges against the accused and accused failed to create reasonable doubt in the prosecution evidence. However, as I he\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ld earlier, prosecution failed to prove the fourth element of the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\super\insrsid4998907\charrsid12125758 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4998907 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  charge against the accused.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4998907 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li851\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3818990\charrsid11364852 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Judgment of the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4998907 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner appealed to the High Court against his conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818990 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5133997 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 filing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  5 Ground of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 - Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  1, against s\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 entence and Grounds 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7023189 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7023189 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 5 against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 conviction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4945692 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Grounds 2,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11364852 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 3 and 5 against conviction are interrelated as they are in relation to the evidence led during the trial. The Grounds of appeal are that the learned Magistrate erred in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908725 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 law and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 in fact in finding that the Appellant was an undischarged bankrupt when Summit Nand from the Office of the Official receiver had given evidence that the appellant had been discharged and found that the prosecution had no burden to prove whether the bankr
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ptcy order was discharged or not. Further, that the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in finding that the appellant took part in the management of Latchan Holdings Limited by signing as a director of that company in Caveat Number 804805 and 8048
0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172248 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
And that the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact when he did not accept the evidence of Sumit Nand that it was the duty of the Official Receiver to make an application for discharge of the bankruptcy order against the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7023189 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Office of t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Official }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Receiver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13304641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  had given evidence that the Appellant had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
discharged. Having considered all the evidence available to the learned Magistrate, the High Court found that grounds 2, 3, and 5 against conviction are without merit. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7023189 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 4 of appeal\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 against conviction is that the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to consider that there was no evidence adduced by the State on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  element of intention in the part of the appellant in relation to the offences. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The learned Hi\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 gh Court judge,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  considered section 189(1) of the Companies Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1705462 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ap.247), reviewed the elements of the offence for which the charges were laid, considered the General Principles of Criminal Responsibility set out in Chapter 11 of the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908725 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2457240 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  including \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section 23 of the Crimes Act which makes provision for situations where an offence does not specify a fault element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526385 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He stated (paragraphs 35,36 and 37) as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li2269\ri573\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin2269\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
I concede that in his judgment, the learned magistrate has made no reference to this\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 element. However, when analyzing the entire body of evidence led on behalf of the prosecution it can be established that the appellants conduct clearly depicted intention on his part.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [36] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
urthermore, in passing the sentence, the learned Magistrate has\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  stated thus:\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote \loch\f0 
 In fact as transpired in evidence you signed both these caveats in the presence of your lawyers. Hence, I am unable to accept that this is not a deliberate act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [37] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13589474 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Therefore, it is my opinion that this ground of Appeal against \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 conviction has no merit.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4793475\charrsid4793475 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1908725 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908725 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12153779 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 against the sentence was dealt with last by the learned High Court Judge. The appellant takes up the position that the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact by entering a conviction against the appellant and by fa
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 iling to exercise his discretion under section 15((1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11369750 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12153779 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16603485 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 f) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12153779 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  section 16 of the Sentencing and Penalties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16603485 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12153779 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  by failing to correctly consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16603485 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, a variety of interconnected factors set out in paragraph [42] (a) to (e) of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12153779 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16603485 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The learned High Court \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 judge discussed this ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7424039 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 extensively, from paragraphs [38] to [61]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid991982 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7424039 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
covering the following aspects of sentencing: Principles and provisions applicable to appeals against sentence, Part 12 of the Companies Act    (sections 132 -134)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid991982 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7424039 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 repeal of section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247), alleged decriminalisation of offence established by the repealed section 189(1), Sections 15 and 16 of the Sentencing and Penalties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act, and consideration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6567657 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid991982 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He stated at paragrap\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 h [62] of judgment: High}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1732113 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Court (per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818990 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Hamza) on 12 February 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460497 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5833976 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3818990 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[62] In this regard, the learned Magistrate has taken into account all the relevant considerations and has come to a finding that entering a non-conviction against the Appellant was not warr\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
anted (At page 56-60 of the Magistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Court Record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10841724 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ). He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3818990 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 has considered the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid3818990\charrsid415661 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3818990 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 (supra), and other relevant cases authorities, in arriving at his finding.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11479849 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818990 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The learned judge further held that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2653664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , there is no justifiable basis for him t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 o interfere with the conclusions of the learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11302042 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, concluding that in his opinion, the Ground of appeal against sentence is without merit He ordered that (1) Appeal is dismissed, (2) The conviction and sentence imposed by the learned Magistrate Ma\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
gistrates Court of Suva is affirmed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4998907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11023359 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5795132 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The Petitioner lodged a timely appeal to the Court of Appeal against the High Court decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7745619 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7745619\charrsid7745619 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of Appeal at Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7745619 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
This is a second-tier appeal to the court which is governed by section 22 of the Court of Appeal Act, which are on questions of law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5006595 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 only. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  grounds  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7300855 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 set out below;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15141492 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 1: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 That the Learned Judge erred in law by failing to correctly consider and app\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ly section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution of Fiji and sections 626, 627 and 628 of the companies Act 2015.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 2:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 The Learned Judge erred in law in finding that the Learned Trial Magistrate had correctly considered the mens\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  rea element of intention in the part of the Appellant in relation to the offences.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 3: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The Learned Judge erred in law by failing to consider and correctly apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9332231\charrsid11674512 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Chief Registrar v Kapadia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  [2016] FJLSC 8 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9332231\charrsid11674512 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Fiji Independent Commission against Corrupt\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ion v Rabuka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , Criminal Appeal No. HAA57 of 2018.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 4: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judge erred in law by failing to correctly consider and apply section 15(1)(f) and section 16 of the Sentencing and Penalties Act and the principles laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9332231\charrsid11674512 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  [\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2012] FJHC 864 (date of judgment 13 February 2012).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 5: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The Learned Judge erred in law by failing to find that the Magistrates Court should have dismissed the charges against the Appellant pursuant to section 187 of the Criminal Procedure Act since t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
he charges against the Appellant were dated 10 January 2019 but related to matters that arose in October 2014, after finding in paragraphs 51-53 of his Rulings as follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2841955\charrsid6057977 
\loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2841955\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Paragraphs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231\charrsid6057977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  [53-54] were cited with section 626 of Companies Act 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9332231 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6057977\charrsid12599479 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Ruling 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4922770\charrsid12599479 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rt of Appeal on 18 January 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14838519\charrsid12599479 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385003 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he learned single judge concluded as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 That the ultimate sentence was not unlawful, nor was it entered in consequence of an error of law. He states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519\charrsid5833976 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[20] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5833976 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519\charrsid5833976 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The High Court Judge had felt that sect\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ion 133(3) of the Companies Act 2015 corresponds to section 189(1) of the Companies Act (cap.247) and decided that in terms of section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution the appellant was entitled to the least severe punishment set down in section 626(c)(ii) of
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
the companies Act 2015 which is a penalty not exceeding $500. The Magistrate had imposed a fine of $500 on the appellant as permitted under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247).Though the decision of the High Court judge was flawed with regard to
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
the applicability of 14(2)(n) of the Constitution, the ultimate sentence imposed by the Magistrate was well within the prescribed punishment under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247).Had the appellant been sentenced with full vigour of section 1
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 8\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
9(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) he would have been liable to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $1000, or both. Therefore, the ultimate sentence was not unlawful; nor was it entered in consequence of an error of law.
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2785036 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
he learned single judge stated that the High Court judge was entitled to draw the conclusion that the acts of signing the two caveats were deliberate meaning that they were not unintentional. The ground raise questions that is not a question o
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 f law alone. He stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4151443\charrsid4151443 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519\charrsid4151443 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [21] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4151443 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519\charrsid4151443 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The High Court judge while conceding that the learned Magistrate has made no reference to the fault element under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247), had stated when analysing the entire body of evidence led on \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
behalf of the prosecution it could be established that the appellants conduct clearly depicted intention on his part. The appellant concedes that intention was the fault element for an offence under 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) in terms of sectio
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  23(1) of the Crimes Act.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [22] \tab 
Therefore, the High Court judge made no error in deciding that intention was the fault element and determining that intention had been made out as a finding of fact based on facts of the case. The Magistrate had also decided\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid532174\charrsid4151443 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519\charrsid4151443 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 acts of signing the two caveats were deliberate meaning that they were not unintentional.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 The learned single judge concluded that this ground of appeal essentially deals with an issue of mixed fact and law and not law alo\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ne. He stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [29] }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4597422 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
At the sentencing hearing the appellants counsel had submitted that the appellants signing the caveats as a director of the company was not deliberate as he was of the view that he was no longer bankrupt. On the other hand, the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
evidence reveals that even if (for the sake of argument) the appellant was not a director, he was directly or indirectly taking part in the management of the company as alleged in the charges. In any event, this ground of appeal essentially deals with an 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ssue of mixed fact and law and not law alone.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 The learned single judge concluded that the sentence imposed itself is neither unlawful nor entered in consequence of an error of law. He stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [32] }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he learned High Court judge discussed this a\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
spect in paragraphs 58-64 with regard to the said provisions and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14838519\charrsid6058400 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14838519 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and held as follows:
\par \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [62] In this regard, the Learned Trial Magistrate has duly taken into account all the relevant considerations and has come to a finding that entering a non-conv\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
iction against the Appellant was not warranted (at pages 56-60 of the Magistrates Court Record). He has considered the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Batiratu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (Supra), and other relevant case authorities, in arriving at his finding.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [63] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11547984 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 There is no justifiable basis fo\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
r this Court to interfere with the learned Trial Magistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s conclusions.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [64] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11547984 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Considering the aforesaid, I am of the opinion that the Ground of Appeal against sentence is without merit.\'94
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [33] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11547984 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I agree with both the Magistrate and the High Court judge. T
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
he discretion exercised by the Magistrate had not resulted in any miscarriage. In any event, this ground of appeal involves not only the law but also the facts of the case. This is not a question of law alone. Following the conviction recorded, the senten
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e imposed itself is neither unlawful nor entered in consequence of an error of law.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14838519\charrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8616417 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
- The ground does not appear to have been taken up in the High Court; nor in the Magistrates Court However, the learned single judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5006595 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14838519 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  that there is no qu\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 estion of law arising from this ground of appeal:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14838519 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[36] There is no error in the learned judge\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s findings that he would not agree that there is no sentence provided for the acts stipulated under section 133(3) of the Companies Act 2015 because the relevant
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  sentencing provisions have been clearly enumerated in section 626 of the said Act.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [37] However, the appellant was not charged under section 133(3) of the Companies Act 2015 but under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247). The repealing of the Com\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
panies Act (Cap.247) does not alter that position. The sentence under 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) is a term of imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $1000, or both. Section 187 of the Criminal Procedure Act applies to offenc
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
s the maximum punishment for which does not exceed imprisonment of 12 months or a fine of $1000.In such instances proceedings should be brought within 12 months of the alleged offence. Therefore, the prescriptive period in section 187 does not apply to an
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247).
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [38] Thus, there is no question of law arising from this ground.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14838519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12412258 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12412258 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The learned single judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (Prematilaka, RJA) dismissed the appeal on 18 February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908725 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2023,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12412258 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 in terms of section 35(2) of the Court of\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6978000 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act. Aggrieved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567657 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  by the decision, the Petitioner filed a Petition for Special Leave to Appeal to this Court under section 98 (3) (b) of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12412258 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9831765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9831765 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Grounds of Petition for Special Leave
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9831765 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Paragraph 4 of the Petition for Special Leave to Appeal 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 under section 98(3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
b) of the Constitution of Fiji (pages 1-5 of Record of the Supreme Court), indicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11492511 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 that the principal ground upon which the petition is based is:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9992191 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936\charrsid15039936 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
(a)That the court of appeal erred in law in finding there were no questions of law in \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
the grounds of appeal raised by the Petitioner for determination by the full Court of Appeal in the following grounds of appeal by the Petitioner:\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 This is an overarching ground which }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11492511 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  supported by the 5 grounds that were raised in the Court of Appeal (s\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ee paragraph [12] above), which are addressed in the Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s written Submissions filed on 18 July 2024.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481171\charrsid12326664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Supreme Court Jurisdiction 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2041592\charrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2041592\charrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Section 98(3) of the Constitution affirms that the Supreme Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2041592\charrsid15039936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15039936\charrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936\charrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Is the final appellate court;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15039936\charrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15039936\charrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Has exclusive jurisdiction, subject to such requirements as prescribed by written law, to hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court of Appeal; and 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15039936\charrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Has original jurisdiction to hear and determine constitutional questions referred und\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 er section 91(5) of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15039936\charrsid15039936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14243769\charrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243769\charrsid15039936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 98(4) and (5) state:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243769\charrsid15039936 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
An appeal may not be brought to the Supreme Court from a final judgment of the Court of Appeal unless the Supreme Court grants leave to appeal.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 In the exercise of its appellate \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
jurisdiction, the Supreme Court may-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li2268\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin2268\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 review, vary, set aside or affirm decisions or orders of the Court of Appeal, or
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
make any other order necessary for the administration of justice including an order for new trial or an order awarding costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15039936 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14243769 
\loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14243769 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
pecial Leave Requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16725807 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14243769\charrsid14243769 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4998705\charrsid4998705 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Section 7(1) of the Supreme Court Act empowers this Court to refuse or grant leave to appeal in any civil or criminal matter brought to it in the exercise of its jurisdiction under section 98 of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1855783 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 7(2) of\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the Act, with respect to criminal matters, requires that the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1781854\charrsid1855783 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote \loch\f0 
must not grant leave to appeal unless the following conditions are satisfied: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854\charrsid12790280 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12790280\charrsid4881028 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (a) 
\tab a question of general importance is involved;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b) \tab a substantial question of principle affecting the \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 administration of criminal justice is involved; or 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c) \tab substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12790280 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12790280 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725807 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
threshold for granting special leave by this Court is very high as set out in: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16725807 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Likunitoga v State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725807 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
[2018] FJSC 26; CAV0005.2018 (1 November 2018) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1781854\charrsid12790280 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Livai Mala Matalulu and Another v Director of Public Prosecutions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1781854\charrsid6702785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
[2003] FJSC 2; (17 April 2003)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9402690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1781854 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14826139\charrsid14826139 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
The Supreme Court of Fiji is not a court in which decisions of the Court of Appeal will b\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
e routinely reviewed. The requirement for special leave is to be taken seriously. It will not be granted lightly. Too low a standard for its grant undermines the authority of the Court of Appeal and distract this court from its role as the final appellate
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 body by burdening it with appeals that do not raise matters of general importance or principles or in the criminal jurisdiction, substantial and grave injustice.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826139 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9197253\charrsid14826139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9197253\charrsid14826139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14446797 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 above pas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14446797 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  was cited with approval in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14446797 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Sharma v State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14446797\charrsid14446797 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2017] FJSC 5; CAV0031.2016 (20 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
April 2017), where at paragraph [15] of judgment, this Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 observed;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9197253\charrsid11871716 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11871716\charrsid11871716 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
Thus, it is clear that the Supreme Court, in exercising its powers vested under section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act, is not required to act as a second court of criminal appeal, but \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
will only consider as to whether the question of law raised is one of general legal importance or a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved or whether substantial and grave injustice may occur in the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 vent leave is not granted.\'94\loch\f0     
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11871716\charrsid11871716 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9005287\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005287\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 In the recent case of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2829355\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid2829355\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Korodrau v State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2829355\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2023] FJSC 6;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7211793\charrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  CAV0022/29 (27 April 2023),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7211793\charrsid11871716 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li960\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin960\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 this Court emphasized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 / clarified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5916936 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
categories of the requirements under section 7(2) (b) and (c) of the Supreme Court Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005287 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7211793 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [23] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11871716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 7(2) (b) and (c) of the Supreme Court Act 2016 ordinarily applies to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11871716 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
two categories of cases, one substantive, the other procedural. Both can be said to fall within the class of miscarriages of justice. Special leave may be granted in the categories to wh\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ich subsection (b) and (c) applies because the judgment under challenge is inconsistent with the proper administration of justice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2566136 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [24] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11871716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7211793 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
It is worth mentioning here that in dealing with applications for special leave to appeal in criminal cases, the High\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Court of Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2566136 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 first adopted the principle laid down by the Privy Council in Re Dillet (1887) 12 App Case 459 at 467, that special leave to appeal will not be granted unless it is shown that by disregard of forms of legal process or by some violation 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the principles of natural justice or otherwise substantial and grave, injustice has been done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2566136 
\loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14826139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171\charrsid9992191 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14826139\charrsid5916936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16674743\charrsid14826139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16674743\charrsid14826139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The grounds of appeal and the issues raised in the grounds require reference to specific provisio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1014034 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ns of other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16674743\charrsid14826139 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1014034 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 statutes,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16674743\charrsid14826139 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  for ease of reference, are set out be
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 low.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16674743\charrsid4139663 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi851\li0\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663\charrsid16674743 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Constitution}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 14 (2) (n): }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Every person charged with an offence has the right \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 to the benefit of the least severe of the prescribed punishments if the prescribed punishment for the offence has been changed between the time the offence was \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 committed and the time of sentencing.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi851\li0\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Companies Act (Cap.247)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Section 189 (Provisions as to undischarged bankrupts acting as directors):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3302003 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
If any person who has been declared bankrupt or insolvent by a competent court in Fiji or elsewhere and has not\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 received his discharge acts as a director of, or directly or indirectly takes part in or is concerned in the management of, any company, except with the leave of the court, he shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to aa fine
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 not exceeding $1,000, or to both.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3302003 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The leave of the court, for the purposes of this section, shall not be given, unless notice of intention to apply therefor has been served on the official receiver, and it shall be the duty of the official receiver, i\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
f he is of opinion that it is contrary to the public interest that such an application should be granted, to attend on the hearing of and oppose the granting of the application.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi851\li0\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Companies Act 2015
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663\charrsid13437366 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 132}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (Disqualified person not to manage companies): 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
Any person who is disqualified from acting as an officer of a company under this Part commits an offence if they-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 consent to act as an officer of a company;

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
make, or participate in making decisions that a\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ffect the whole, or a substantial part, of the business of the company;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
exercise the capacity to affect significantly the company\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s financial standing; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 communicate instructions or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 wishes,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  other than advice given by the person in the proper performance o\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
f functions attaching to the person\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s professional capacity or their business relationship with the directors or the company to the directors of the company \hich\f0 \endash 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
knowing that the directors are accustomed to act in accordance with the person\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s instructions or \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 wishes; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Intending that the directors will act in accordance with those instructions or wishes.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 133(3) (Automatic disqualification):

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16733656 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
A person is disqualified from acting as an officer of a company if the person is an undischarged bankrupt \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
under the laws of Fiji or another country for so on as the person is an undischarged bankrupt under the laws of Fiji or another country.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 626 (General penalty provisions): }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 A person who \hich\f0 \endash 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 does an act or thing that the person is forbidd}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663\charrsid3613588 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 en to do by o\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 r under a provision of this Act;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 does not do an act or thing that the person is required or directed to do by or under a provision of this Act; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
otherwise contravenes a provision of this Act
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is guilty of an offence and -
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
is liable to pay a penalty not exceeding the maximum penalty prescribed for a contravention of that provision in accordance with this Act, unless a provision of this Act provides that the person is or is not guilty of an offence; or 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 if no maximum penalty 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is prescribed for a contravention of the provision in accordance with this Act, is liable to pay a penalty not exceeding $500, unless a provision of this Act provides that the person is not guilty of an offence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 627 (Penalties for companies)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10248992 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Secti\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on 628 (Penalty notices)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10248992 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481171\charrsid3613588 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Crimes Act
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 23 (1) (Offences that do not specify fault elements): 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 If\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 the law creating the offence does not specify a fault element for a physical element that consists only of conduct, intention is the fault element for that physical element.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663\charrsid9328111 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Criminal Procedure Act
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 187 (Limitation of time for summary trials in cer\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 tain cases): 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
This section applies to all offences the maximum punishment for which does not exceed imprisonment of 12 months or a fine of 10 penalty units unless a longer time is allowed by any law for the laying of any charge for an offence under t
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 hat law.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
No offence shall be triable by a Magistrate Court, unless the charge or complaint relating to it is laid with 12 months from the time when the matter of the charge or complaint arose.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The court shall order the dismissal of any proceeding\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 s which are in breach of this section.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Senten\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 c
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ing and Penalties Act 2009
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 15 (1) (f) and (2) (The range of sentencing orders):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
if a court finds a person guilty of an offence, it may, subject to any specific provision relating to the \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence, and subject to the provisions of this Act \hich\f0 \endash 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li2268\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin2268\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
with or without recording a conviction , order the offender to pay a fine;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li2268\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2268\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (g), (h) (i) \'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (j) without recording a conviction, order the dismissal of the charge;\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10248992 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4139663 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  All courts may impos\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
e the sentences stated in sub-section (1) notwithstanding that a law may state that a penalty is to be imposed upon the conviction of the offender.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid532174 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid10248992\charrsid3096779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13637301\charrsid13637301 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 To be successful, the Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s grounds of appeal must satisfy the requirements for grant of s\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
pecial leave pursuant to section 7(2) of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11432452\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1332452\charrsid12326664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10248992\charrsid10248992 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3096779\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid3096779\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8417338\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 1:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6235205\charrsid6235205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6235205\charrsid4784497 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8417338\charrsid4784497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he learned judge erred in law by failing to correctly consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12009500\charrsid4784497 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and apply section 14(2) (n) of the Constitution of Fiji and Sections 626, 627 and 628 of the Companies Act 2015. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4784497\charrsid4784497 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4784497 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12009500\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12009500\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11226894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 gist of the Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s submissions may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326664 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 be stated, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11688559 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e has the right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12591537 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  to receive a less severe sentence, in line with }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section 14(2) (n) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12591537\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12591537 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 onstitution, which provides that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  who is charged with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 crime,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12591537 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
and the punishment for that crime is reduced by law between the time they committed the crime and when they are sentenced, they have the right to receive a less severe punishment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531\charrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  with t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12591537 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he repeal of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11226894 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the Companies Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Cap.247}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11226894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  including section 189,\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 new Companies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13515777\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Act 2015 no longer incorporate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11226894 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 provision;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15559982 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 closest provision in the new Act which aligns to section 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the Companies Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12543049 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Cap.247}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  section 133(3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10441346\charrsid10248992 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the new Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he repealed provision (section 189) and the new section 133(3) are not the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 same. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 two provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 differ in material }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 respects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  for example, the new section 133(3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13968479\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 does require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  that the disqualified person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10441346\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  to seek the leave of the court for the purpose of
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  acting as a director or in the management of a company.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 Section 189 refers to the director of the company and is concerned with the management of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15349419\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 company whereas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in section 133(3) it refers to any officer of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15349419\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9907822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531\charrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ection 133(3) does not contai\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n explicit penalty provisions, leading to ambiguity regarding the consequences of such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13968479\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14646350\charrsid9907822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13968479\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  626 of the Companies Act, 2015 becomes relevant in this situation as it provides general penalty}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  for offences under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13968479\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section 626 (c) of Companies Act, 2
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841955\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 provides that where no }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 penalty is prescribed for a contravention of the provision in accordance with this Act, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the offender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is liable to pay a penalty not exceeding $500, unless a provision of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Act provides that the person is not guilty of an offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 hat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11171869\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the effect of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577502\charrsid9907822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 repeal of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15559982\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 whole section i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11171869\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
s, that the offence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12591537\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12591537\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
undischarged bankrupt acting as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 director }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
has been decriminalized, or that, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12591537\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13968479\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is no longer an }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15559982\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence. In the circumstan\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ces, section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution should have been applied to the benefit of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531\charrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  raises questions of significant legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 importance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3486529\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the issue of the proper application of constitutional rights amidst legislative chan\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ges. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid14430531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin0\itap0\pararsid14430531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14430531\charrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12323361 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he denial of the Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s right given under section 14(2) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n) following
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the repeal of section 189, raises a broader question, that, the petitioner should have been granted the protection provided by the Constitution, which means }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11348550\charrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in the Pet\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 itioner\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s submission, a fine of $500 and no conviction should have been entered against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9718081\charrsid6435719 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2625\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2625\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6435719\charrsid9907822 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2630530 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2630530 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Read carefully, Section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution is applicable when there has been a change in the prescribed punishment between the time the offence was comm\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 itted and the time of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sentencing, from a less severe punishment to a more severe, and if that occurs, the person charged with the offence is to have the benefit of the less severe punishment. The repeal of section 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14756637 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of Companies Act (Cap.247) does not obliterate the offence altogether from the statute }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 books. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 offence, of a slightly different nature, is enacted under the new Companies Act 2015, which is contained in sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10840498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 132 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 133}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14756637 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the new Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , when read\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  together.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 There are differences between section 189 and the new provisions of the new Act, which both the Petitioner and the respondent have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 acknowledged. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  argument that, on repeal of section 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14756637 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10316147 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence of disqualificatio\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n of an undischarged bankrupt, has been decriminalized,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 is not sustainable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8870332 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ince s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ection 133 of the Companies Act, the closest provision in the new Act to the repealed section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8870332 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 189,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3043002 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  not prescribe a punishment for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14756637 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2181446 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8870332 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 breach, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12863152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Petitioner argues tha\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
t the repeal, and decriminalisation of the offence, gave rise to a change in punishment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8870332 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12863152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the 2
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3043002 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12863152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 years (maximum) term of imprisonment and a sentence of not less than $1000 penalty}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12863152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (under section 189) to a maximum of $500 for general penalties under secti\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on 626}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250137 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12863152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10840498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Act. This is the position of the High Court judge, which I hold to be wrong. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279\charrsid6435719 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6435719\charrsid5783279 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1250137 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250137 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I agree with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3486529\charrsid9718081 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  learned single judge in his Ruling/Judgme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7671740 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250137 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 particularly paragraphs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9718081 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  [14] to [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250137 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5393327 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 reproduce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5393327 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5393327 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 below,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247747 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  with underlining added, for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 emphasis:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3486529\charrsid9718081 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9718081 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9718081 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[14] However, it is clear that apart from the general tenor of both sections, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the elements of the prohibited acts under section 189(1) and 133(3) are }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 different. An}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  offence has to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 identified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  by its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 elements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9718081 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 they do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9718081 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the same offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 . The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9718081 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 most striking difference is that prior leave of court can exempt a person from criminal liability under section 189(1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
whereas under section 133(3) the liability is not exempted on such prior permission of court. Another significant d\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ifference is that section 189(1) applies to a director or a person who directly or indirectly takes part and is concerned in the management of any company whereas section 133(3) is applicable to any officer of a company as defined in the Act itself.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9718081 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6435719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 S
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ection 14(2)(n) of the Constitution is applicable only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2889372 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  offence remains the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7671740\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 but the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  prescribed punishment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2889372 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  offence (and not a similar or corresponding offence) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 has been changed between the time that offence was committed and the time of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2718213\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sentencing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2718213 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 words,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2889372 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2718213 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 comes into operation when the Parliament changes the sentence to an existing offence with no change to the offence itself. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2718213\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Therefore, the Magistrate was right in concluding that section 14(2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2047720\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid2718213\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n) of the Constitution has no application to the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s case as the legislature did not change the sentence to section 189(1) but repealed it altogether. Accordingly, those found guilty of the offence in section 189(1) had to be necessarily punished\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 according to the prescribed punishment under section 189(1) itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2889372\charrsid2247747 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2718213 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [16] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6435719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2718213 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Whether section 133(3) by itself constitutes an offence or whether it only describes instances where a person becomes a disqualified person from acting as an Officer of a Company, f\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
or it is section 132 that makes such a disqualified person doing any of the acts set out liable for an off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2047720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ence, is arguable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid2047720\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 but that debate is not necessary or relevant in this instance as the appellant was charged under section189 (1) of the Companies Act\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (Cap.247).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2718213\charrsid2247747 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2047720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [17] In my view, under the Companies Act 2015, a person should be charged under section 132 along with section 133 as the case may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 be. If}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2047720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  anyone is looking for an offence with similarities to section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247), he ha
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s to read section 132 along with section 133(3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ). On}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2047720 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 a plain reading of section 132, it becomes clear that it is not the same offence as section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) though they have similarities and dissimilarities.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid74567 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7671740 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7671740\charrsid6435719 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6435719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7671740\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid15757786\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 is not a case where the legislature has simply changed the punishment prescribed under section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) between the time the offence was committed and the time of sentencing. It is a case of repeal of section189 (1) of the Co
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 panies Act (Cap.247) and indeed the whole of the Companies Act and bringing in the new Companies Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid74567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15757786 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9907822 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6435719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid9907822\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid15757786\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, the argument that since section 189(1) did not exist anymore on the statute at the time of sentencing, the appellant could not have been c\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
onvicted is plainly wrong, for the repeal of Companies Act (Cap.247) by section 752(a) of the Companies Act 2015 with effect from 26 May 2015 has no retrospective effect. What is material is whether the impugned act was an offence at the time it was commi
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ted under the Companies Act (Cap.247)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15757786\charrsid11481171 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid15757786 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11481171 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13727194 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12939617 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6435719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid12939617\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The High Court judge felt that section 133(3) of the Companies Act 2015 corresponds to section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) and decided that in terms of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7671740\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid12939617\charrsid2247747 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 14(2)(n) of the Constitution the appellan\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
t was entitled to the least severe punishment set down in section 626(c)(ii) of the Companies Act 2015 which is a penalty not exceeding $500.The Magistrate had imposed a fine of $500 on the appellant as permitted under section 189(1) of the Companies Act 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Cap.247).Though, the decision of the High Court judge was flawed with regard to the applicability of section 14(2)(n) of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12939617 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , the ultimate sentence imposed by the Magistrate was well within the prescribed punishment under section 189(1) of the\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Companies Act (Cap.247)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14363798 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14363798\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Had the appellant been sentenced with full vigour of section 189(1) of the Companies Act (Cap.247) he would have been liable to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000,or both. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid7671740\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14363798\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the ult\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 imate sentence was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid12135947\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 unlawful; nor was it entered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14363798\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 consequence of an error of law.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9718081\charrsid12082941 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9524600 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8214516 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8214516 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Further,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15139100\charrsid9524600 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section 750 of the Companies Act 2015 may assist in resolving the legal position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  effect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the repealed section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the argument that the offences }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 for which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501550 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 laid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10840498 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 have been decriminalised, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, the punishment given ought to be based on section 626(c) of the Companies Act 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10046171 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4475178\charrsid4475178 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14508045\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  750 (Court proceedings) of the Companies Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8214516 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
2015, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 provides the scope fo\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3677572\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the possible }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12806780\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 continuing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3677572\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  effect of the repealed section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12806780\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 189 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3677572\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Companies Act (Cap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8214516 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 247), as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3043002 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8214516 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 relate to court proceedings. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12806780\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3677572\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 states
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14508045\charrsid4475178 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5727286\charrsid9524600 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9524600\charrsid3236106 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 (1)\tab 
If a proceeding in relation to a provision of a repealed Act has not concluded or terminated before the commence\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ment date, the proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8214516\charrsid3236106 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9524600\charrsid3236106 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  on foot until concluded or terminated. 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (2) \tab If a proceeding in relation to a provision of a repealed Act has concluded or terminated before the commencement date, a decision or order in that proceeding may be appealed aga\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
inst, or otherwise reviewed, as if it had been made in a proceeding that related to a matter to which a provision of this Act applied.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (3) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15223072\charrsid3236106 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9524600\charrsid3236106 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid9524600\charrsid9524600 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9524600 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3677572\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3677572\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e above provisions appear to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5783279 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 support the argument that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section 14(2) (n)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8214516 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the Constitution and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15349419\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  626}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10840498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (c)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3236106 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the Companies Act 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4069404\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10840498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4069404\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  not apply,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as there has been no change in punishment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12806780\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 fails.  It does not come within the ambit of section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223072\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14117462\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  no merit as there are no prospe\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 cts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2568914 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 here is no issue of general legal importance to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12082941\charrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12082941 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117462\charrsid11481171 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid11481171 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481171\charrsid12082941 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14633562\charrsid14633562 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6247739\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6247739\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4784497\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4784497\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4784497\charrsid4922770 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6247739\charrsid4922770 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 learned judge erred in law in finding that the learned trial Magistrate had correctly considered the mens rea element of intention in the part of the Appellant in relation\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  to the offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6247739\charrsid14633562 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14554189\charrsid14633562 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15349419\charrsid6172333 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Petitioner contends that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 must prove}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 two key elements beyond a reasonable doubt, which are actus rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (physical element) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and mens rea (the fault element) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3963715 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 offence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12082941 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 set out in sections 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , 18, 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12135947 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and 23 of the Crimes Act 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11150737 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The prosecution failed to prove the fault element:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 per dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of Wright J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Sherras v De Rutzen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [1895] 1 QB at page 921: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6172333\charrsid2568914 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
There is a presumption that mens rea, an evil intention, or a knowledge of the wrongfulness of th\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
e act, is an essential ingredient in every offence; but the presumption is liable to be displaced either by the words of the statute creating the offence or by the subject-matter with which it deals, and both must be considered.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid11611047 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri573\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid11611047\charrsid11611047 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14563814 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The above principle was v
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 iewed with approval in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14563814 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Western Electric Co Ltd v Comptroller of Customs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14563814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  [1964] FJCA 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11611047 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6172333 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141\charrsid14563814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
What is the effect of the Magistrate not considering the fault element? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4069404\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he High Court acknowledged th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  oversight}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4069404\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in the prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420813\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4069404\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 it held the view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5337551\charrsid11611047 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 could be inferred from the overall evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420813\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 presented, that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4069404\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 is, from the accused\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 . The judge s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3678103 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5337551\charrsid6172333 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8652205\charrsid8652205 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8652205\charrsid2568914 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
I concede that in his judgment, the learned trial Magistrate has made no reference to this element. However, when analysing the entire b\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ody of evidence led on behalf of the prosecution, it can be established that the Appellant
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s conduct clearly depicted intention on his part.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8652205 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 submits, it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 importan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  evaluating both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9789611\charrsid8192387 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
actus reus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9789611\charrsid9443401 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  elements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of an offence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 to e\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nsure fair and just outcomes in crimina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 l cases. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he learned Magistrate had failed to explicitly a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ddress the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11150737\charrsid2568914 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326141 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674748\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 imply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  inferring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
it (the fault element /intention) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9789611\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the evidence without direct reference fails to meet the rigorous standards required to prove the offence beyond reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1538182\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  submits that, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1538182\charrsid8652205 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8408681 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 High Court judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1538182\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 had clearly found the petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s acts to be \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1538182\charrsid10172553 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 deliberate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1538182\charrsid8652205 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  which co\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 uld be taken to refer to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8920160\charrsid8652205 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8920160\charrsid2568914 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 intention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8920160\charrsid8652205 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 . The learned sing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1794690 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 le judge had stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8920160\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
that the learned High Court judge had acted properly in terms of section 256 of the Criminal Procedure Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12009500\charrsid8652205 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1125873 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4420813\charrsid9443401 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9443401\charrsid9443401 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8408681\charrsid9443401 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8408681\charrsid9443401 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The learned single judge stated:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3963715\charrsid11481171 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11481171\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481171 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid11481171 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481171\charrsid9443401 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9443401 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri573\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9443401 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [21]\tab The High Court judge \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
while conceding that the learned Magistrate has made no reference to the fault element under section 189(1) of the Companies Act(cap.247), had stated when analysing the entire body of evidence led on behalf of the prosecution it could be stablished that t
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e appellants conduct clearly depicted intention on his part. The appellant concedes that intention was the fault element for an officer under section 23(1) of the Crimes Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9443401\charrsid2906152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9443401 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [22]\tab 
Therefore, the High Court judge made no error in deciding that intention was\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the fault element and determining that intention had been made out as a finding of fact based on the facts of the case. The Magistrate had also decided that the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s acts of signing the two caveats were deliberate meaning that they were not uninte\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 tional.\hich\f0 \rquote \rquote 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9443401 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2906152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The ground fails. It does not satisfy the requirements under section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid2906152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14563814 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0              }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10172553\charrsid10172553 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  The le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2906152 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rned judge erred in law by failing to consider and correctly apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid12009500\charrsid12078429 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Chief Registrar v Kapadia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (2016) FJLSC 8 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid12009500\charrsid10710707 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Fiji Independent Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid5447387\charrsid10710707 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid12009500\charrsid10710707 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Corruption v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid11150737\charrsid10710707 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Rabuka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11150737\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , Criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Appeal No. HAA57 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12078429 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14117462\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11150737\charrsid5447387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5447387\charrsid3674748 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9271534 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 It is an issue that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the Petitioner acted as a director of a company while being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16213456\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  undischarged bankrupt by signing two caveats using the description \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 director}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
It is contended that the use of the term was an error as at that time the Petitioner was not a director of Latchan Holdings Limited. The Petitioner, cited in support the judgment of Justice Hickie in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Kapadia\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10172553\charrsid11150737 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 case at paragraph 40(3) stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10172553\charrsid4598312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4598312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4598312\charrsid11491698 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
There is no law that says a bankrupt cannot make a statutory declaration. Indeed section 52 of the Bankruptcy Act \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 allows the bankrupt to be employed, be part of the civil service, to be employed in the army\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 and in the present case. \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 He was employed \'93\loch\f0 as\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the resolution says, as a CEO of the company, not as a director\'94\loch\f0 
. Mr Whiteside, as the Secretary of the company, advised the Respondent to take further instructions from Mr Latchan who was authorised (as Chief Executive Officer) to sign on behalf of the c\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 mpany as per a\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Resolution by Directors of Latchan Holdings Limited\'94\loch\f0  dated 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid4598312\charrsid11491698 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4598312\charrsid11491698 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  November 2010.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
This submission, contained in paragraph 28 of the Written Submission on behalf of the Petitioner, is misleading. The passage quoted is, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7950476\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the first sentence of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 paragraph [40] of Hickie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid4598312 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
s judgment indicates, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  merely a submission made by \'93
\loch\f0 Leading Counsel for the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211882\charrsid4598312 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 those proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183967\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  before that Commission. It is not a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2906152\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n authoritative statement of the law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14115011\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , and the passage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598312\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 context is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14115011\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  a legal submission made to the Commission, by counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598312\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 responden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211882\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in a proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14115011\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 in which the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
faces a charge of unsatisfactory professional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534\charrsid8351761 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid8351761 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 arising from the conduc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2377724\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t of the Petitioner in this appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9271534\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 primary issu\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e arising was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4797941\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Whether there is an onus upon members of the legal profession into making full and proper enquiries into the status of a declaration , and further, does a failure  fulfil the basis of a charge of \'93\loch\f0 
unsatisfactory professional conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4797941\charrsid4598312 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4211882\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211882\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Howev\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 er, in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4797941\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the relevant question is whether the Petit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211882\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ioner had breached section 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1858843\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 of the Companies Act (Cap.247)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4797941\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , based on the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2377724\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4797941\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and particulars of the offences. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14115011\charrsid4598312 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The case has does not apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10172553\charrsid7755338 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7755338\charrsid7755338 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5727286\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5727286\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Petitioner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4270486\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 relies on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6180854\charrsid7755338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6180854\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Rabuka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4270486\charrsid7755338 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4270486\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6180854\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the Court emphasised the need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10169445\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 for formal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  proof of a person\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s role or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10169445\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 title. That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  the prosecution must find evidence beyond the individual\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s own description to prove the matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10169445\charrsid7755338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 beyond reasonable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14450068\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 doubt. This ground}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2377724\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147266\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and Rabuka\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14450068\charrsid11811980 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211882\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 case were considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14450068\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 by the l\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 earned single judge in paragraphs [26],}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12934271 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14450068\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [27], [28] and [29] of the judgment of the Court of Appeal. Paragraphs [27] and [29] are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6306722\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
of direct relevance and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14450068\charrsid7755338 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 reproduced below:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8329566\charrsid7755338 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri573\sb240\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14450068 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [27] }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12934271 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14450068 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 In the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s case, his counsel had cited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\insrsid14880462 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Rabuka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14880462 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14450068\charrsid14450068 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
which was considered by the Magistrate) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14450068 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 not to support the argument that he was not a director but to show that the documentary evidence did not prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14880462 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  that he was an undischarged bankrupt. His position at the trial had been that he signed the two caveats n\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ot as director but on authority from the directors to sign them. However, the Magistrate had dealt with the issue whether the appellant was a director at paragraphs 19, 29, 33, 34, 35 and 36 and concluded that he had signed those caveats as a director of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 L\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 atchan Holdings Limited.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14450068 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid226757 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12934271 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid226757 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14880462\charrsid226757 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-851\li1985\ri573\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1985\itap0\pararsid14829850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15366469 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12934271 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid226757 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 At the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15366469 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  sentencing hearing the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s counsel had submitted that the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s signing the caveats as a director of the company was not deliberate as he was of the view that he was \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 no longer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid226757 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 bankrupt. On}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15366469 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the other hand, the evidence reveals that even if (for the sake of argument) the appellant was not a director, he was directly or indirectly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid226757 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 taking part in the management of the company as alleged in the charges. In any event, this g\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 round of appeal essentially deals with an issue of mixed fact and law and not law alone.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9525885 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14829850 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid14829850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Also, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Rabuka, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 it was held that the duplicity of the charges was fatal to the prosecution\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s case and essential elements were not proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253\charrsid2256652 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Here, the Petitioner was i
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 nconsistent in his reasons on why he signed the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13067296 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 caveats. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 offences were not confined to an act done as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5326136 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10709253\charrsid5326136 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 director\hich\f0 \rquote 
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10709253 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , but also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13067296 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
extends to acts by an undischarged bankrupt that directly or indirectly amount to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 participation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13067296 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
taking part) in the management of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 company. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13067296 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  case does not assist the Petitioner.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11739988\charrsid2256652 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  I hold that this ground has no merit. It does not raise any issue that is of general legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid226757 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 importance. Ground is unarguable. It has no merit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13980751 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6180854\charrsid2256652 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2256652 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12009500\charrsid2256652 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12009500\charrsid2256652 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 4:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12009500\charrsid2256652 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5662891\charrsid13125226 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12009500\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 learned judg\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e erred in law by failing to correctly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6247739\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 consider and apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5662891\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
section 15(1)(f) and section 16 of the Sentencing and Penalties Act and the principles laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid5662891\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Batiratu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid6247739\charrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2012] FJHC 864 (13 February 2012)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6247739\charrsid13125226 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13125226 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13125226 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3569916 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3569916 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Section 15(1) empowers a court, which may order that, a person who has been found guilty of an offence, subject to any specific provisions relating to the offence and subject to the provisions of the Act, such person to pay a fine, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3569916\charrsid13125226 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 with or without recodin\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 g a conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3569916 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
Section 16 of the same Act relates to the conditions under which a court can either record a conviction or not record a conviction.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401938 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16658505\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he Petitioner submits that, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617846\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid14617846\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617846\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , in sentencing under section 45(2) of the Sentencing and Penalties
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Act, Honourable Chief Justice Gates }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16658505\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617846\charrsid10241227 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as he then was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16658505\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617846\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, summarised the factors a court should consider when deciding whether to dismiss a charge without conviction, or adjourn the proceedings and release}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5710704\charrsid10241227 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 the accused on conditions under section 45(2) of the \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is Lordship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5710704\charrsid10241227 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160900\charrsid12661448 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12661448 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
The effect of the cases and the purport of the more detailed provisions of the [Act] with regard to discharges can be summarised. If a discharge without conviction is urged upon the court the sentence must consider whether:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
offender is morally blameless;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
only a technical breach of the law has occurred;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the offence is of a trivial or minor nature;

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
the public interest in the enforcement and effectiveness of the legislation is such that escape from penalty is not consistent with\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  that interest;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
circumstances exist in which it is appropriate to record a conviction, or merely to impose nominal punishment;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12661448 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 f)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Are there any other extenuating or exceptional circumstances, a rare situation, justifying a court showing mercy to an offender?\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12661448 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7230799\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7230799\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in applying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the principles in paragraph [33] above, the Petitioner submits the following factors, upon which his compliance may be measured: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The bankruptcy debt in 2012.It was the Official Receiver\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s duty to rescind the bankruptcy order after the d\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ebt was repaid. The Petitioner mistakenly referred to himself as \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 director\'94\loch\f0  in the caveats.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  The Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s act of signing the caveats as a director was a technical breach of the law.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The Petitioner argues that no other person has been charged under \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
section 189 of the repealed Companies Act (Cap.247), indicting the trivial nature of the offence. Additionally, the act has been decriminalised under the new Companies Act 2015.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The Petitioner suggests that the public interest no longer necessitates enforc\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ement of the old provisions since the offence has been decriminalised. There has been no adverse effect on third parties, and the public interest does not require a harsh penalty.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (e)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s personal and professional circumstances were presented to a\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rgue for nominal punishment rather than a conviction. The offence, having been decriminalised, warrants leniency.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (f)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The petitioner contends that the unique fact that the offence was no longer a criminal offence at the time of charging constitutes exceptional\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  circumstances. Section 14(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14221491 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid339745\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
(n) of the Constitution provides the Petitioner certain rights when there is a change in the prescribed sentence from the date of the alleged offence to the date of sentencing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid339745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid223512\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid223512\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner also submit that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7930422\charrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 was cons\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 idered by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid7930422\charrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Prasad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Criminal Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811974\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 No. AAU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 122 of 2014 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7930422\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 delivered on 30 August 2018, where the Court said as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9456186\charrsid10827653 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[16] The decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9456186\charrsid10827653 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State v Nayacalagilagi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9456186\charrsid10827653 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 [2009] FJHC 73; HAC 165 of 2007, 17 March 2009 is relevant to th\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
e issue in this appeal. In that decision Gounder J noted that the authorities support the view that: discharge without conviction is for the morally blameless offender, or for an offender who has committed only a technical breach of the law. The power sho
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ld be exercised sparingly where direct or indirect consequences of conviction are out of all proportion to the gravity of the offence and after the court has balanced all the public interest considerations.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9456186\charrsid3674748 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid223512\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid223512\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Peti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9456186\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid223512\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 oner submits that this ground raises \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a significant question of law}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1969659\charrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 regarding the application of statutory provisions and established legal principles in sentencing. He argues that the contention that the learned trial judge failed to appropriately consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1969659\charrsid9456186 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  section 15(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15428756\charrsid9456186 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1969659\charrsid9456186 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 f) and section 16 of \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the Sentencing and Penalties Act, along with the guiding principles from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1969659\charrsid221329 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 State }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid221329 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1969659\charrsid221329 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid221329 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid1969659\charrsid221329 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15428756\charrsid221329 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15428756\charrsid9456186 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1969659\charrsid9456186 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  underscores the broader issue of legal principle. However, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7230799 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1969659\charrsid9456186 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in response has submitted that the Court of Appeal had rightly considered this ground and\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  concluded that it posed no question of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid223512\charrsid16716542 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16716542\charrsid16716542 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9593091\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593091\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
There are a number of issues that have been raised by the Petitioner with respect to ground 4 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9389011\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9593091\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  some of which have already been canvassed in discussions related to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7230799 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9593091\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13125226 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 und 1 and 3 above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  It is impor\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 tant to note that, whilst }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and the legal and sentencing principles }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674748\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ounced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
there are important and helpful, the case is distinguishable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 as the factors directly relate to the application of section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  45 (Release without conviction) of the Sentencin\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 g and Penalties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5131631\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Act. The facts and circumstance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s of that case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  also different from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674748\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 present, invol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674748 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11224780\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 an offender who had assaulted a police constabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5131631\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e while on duty. The Magistrate had imposed a bond of $500 for the offender to maintain peace and \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
good behaviour for 2 years, without recording a conviction. The sentence was given under section 45(2) of the Sentencing and Penalties Act 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12461645 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5131631\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The subsection (2) states: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5131631\charrsid16716542 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16716542\charrsid10827653 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
A court, on being satisfied that a person is guilty of an offence, may (without re\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
cording a conviction) adjourn the proceedings for a period of up to 5 years and releaser the offender upon the offender giving an undertaking to comply with the undertaking to comply with the conditions applying under subsection (2), and any further condi
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ions imposed by the court.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16716542\charrsid10827653 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The petitioner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s responses on the principles set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Batiratu,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 to demonstrate compliance by the Petitioner \hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827653 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 see paragraph [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890\charrsid16716542 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ), (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ), (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e) and (f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  above, appear to be misconceived borne out of misinterpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , and misrepresentation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the actual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 position.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13840834\charrsid10827653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827653\charrsid13840834 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 As well, the effect of an order under }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9599051\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  15 (2) (f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16524123\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the Sentencing and Penalties Act, need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13720970 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16524123\charrsid16716542 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  to be clarified. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13840834\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
relates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  to situations where the accused person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9599051\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 / offender }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 has been: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8334033\charrsid12663890 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (i) found\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 guilty, and (ii) the court has ordered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9599051\charrsid12663890 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 either that the conviction be recorded or that the conviction be not recorded, and (iii) subject to the order made (conviction recorded or otherwise), the offender is ordered to pay a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662967\charrsid12663890 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 fine. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13840834\charrsid13984969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13984969\charrsid13840834 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4662967\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662967\charrsid16716542 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Section 16 (1) (Convicti
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on or non- conviction) relates to a court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s exercise of its discretion whether or not to record a conviction, and requires that a court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12663890\charrsid12663890 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4662967\charrsid16716542 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case, including-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994488\charrsid6776122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-709\li1843\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (a) \tab the nature of the offence;

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (b) \tab the character\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and past history of the offender; and 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (c) \tab the impact of a conviction on the offender\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s economic or social well-being, and on his or her employment prospects.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The legal effects of a previous finding of guilt without recording a conviction in the exercise\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of power under section 15 are spelt out in section 16 (2) and (3) of the said Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Both t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037365 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 he High Court and the Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ppeal have considered the issues that the Petition has raised in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037365 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 this ground of appeal. The C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ourt of Appeal had clearly expressed its 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 views in support of the decision of the learned trial judge on this ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 -see paragraph [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401938 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ] at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  The Court of appeal had determined that there is no point of law raised under this ground and dismissed the appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5719747\charrsid6776122 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5719747\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11758809\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  carefully conside\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 red the submissions of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Peti}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13984969 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488\charrsid6776122 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 oner,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5719747\charrsid6776122 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  it appears that consideration can be directed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2580382 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a closer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401938 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 examination
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2580382 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of the requirements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2580382 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  section 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2580382 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of the Sentencing and Penalties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act, in the context of the totality of the evidence adduced during trial. \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I have considered the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  requirements (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
b) and (c) of section 16(1), and also the requirements of section 7(2) of the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Act.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  ground is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7627261 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821563 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   It satisfies the requirement under Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821563\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6776122\charrsid5398096 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
In allowing this ground, the Court is satisfied that, in terms of section 16 (a), (b) and (c), the petitioner: 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is a person of good character;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
had paid his debt in full, and he had not neglected or been disobedient in attending to his obligation to fully p\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ay his debt;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
is a layman who relies on legal advice from his lawyers ,who were present at the time of signing of the caveats;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the company (Latchan Holdings Limited)  was well aware of his status , and had directed through a minute that he sign the caveats \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on its behalf;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (v)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
had not flouted the law, but needed help from his lawyers to legally apply for the rescission  of the bankruptcy order attached to his name;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
continues to be adversely affected disproportionally, economically as well as in his social wellbein\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 g, and which affects his reputation generally and in the business community.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li851\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We draw guidance also from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Batiratu\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 case, in taking account of the following factors, the:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri571\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin571\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 petitioner is morally blameless}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 breach is of a technical nature;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 effects of a recorde\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
d conviction is disproportionate to the breach ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 adverse social effects;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (e)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 principle of equality before the law, and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\ulc1\insrsid14556264\charrsid5398096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (f)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
economic and social effects on the petitioner personally and Latchan Holdings Limited.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9130777\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9130777\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 5:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9130777\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11680150\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The learned judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6247739\charrsid14556264 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 erred in law by failing to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14554189\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  find }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11680150\charrsid14556264 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
that the Magistrate Court should have dismissed the charges against the Petitioner pursuant to section 187 of the Criminal Procedure Act, since the charges against the petitioner were dated 10 January 2019 but related to matters that arose in October
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  2014, after finding in paragraphs 51-53 of his Ruling as follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6776122\charrsid14556264 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11680150 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1701\ri573\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin573\lin1701\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6776122\charrsid7625321 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
[51] section 133(3) of the Companies Act of 2015 must be read together with section 132, which provides that any person who is disqualified from acting as an Officer of a Company under the\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 said Part commits and offence if that person does any of the acts as stated in that section.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [52]\tab I concede that neither section 132 nor section 133(3) have a penalty provision which is in-built in the sections. However, the relevant penalty provision can\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 be found in section 626 of the Companies Act 2015, which outlines the General Penalty provisions in terms of the Act. Section 626 reads as follows\'85\'85\'85..........................................................
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [53] \tab Therefore, this Court cannot agree with t\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
his contention that there is no sentence provided for the acts stipulated under section 133 (3) of the Companies Act 2015.The relevant sentencing provisions have been clearly enumerated in section 626 of the Act.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6776122 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner contends that the Magistra\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
tes Court should have dismissed the charge against the appellant under section 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act due to the delay in laying charges beyond the mandated 12 months period. Since the petitioner was not charged within the required timeframe, t
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e charges should have been dismissed in line with the mandatory provision under section 187.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10119013 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  It states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1134\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6571627 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
187(1) This section applies to all offences the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 maximum punishment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6571627 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 for which does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 exceed imprisonment for 12 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6571627 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 or a fine of $1000.00 unless a \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 longer time is allowed by any law for the laying of any charge for an offence under that law.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6571627 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (2)\tab 
No offence shall be triable by a Magistrate Court, unless the charge or complaint relating to it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 laid within 12 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6571627 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  from the time when the matter of th\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e charge or complaint arose.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (3) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The court shall order the dismissal of any proceedings which are in breach of this section\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6571627\charrsid5968541 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1985\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid13840834 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (Underlining for emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid13840834 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762633 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4270486 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4270486 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Petitioner is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mistaken, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8611367 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  time limitation set by section 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act doe\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s not apply in this }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5125506 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 case. This ground was properly dealt with by the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 - see paragraph [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821563 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ] above, at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3422055 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ground 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5387593 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762633 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
It is misleading and misconceived. Section 187 Criminal Procedure Code does not apply as: Firstly, the offence for which the Petitioner was charged has a penalty of not less than 2 years or a fine of $1,000 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4922770 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 both. Secondly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762633 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , section 189 does not have a li\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 mitation period set within which a charge has to be }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4922770 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 brought. The ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 does not meet the requirements under section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762633 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6571627\charrsid3698387 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Conclusion
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid811307\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6571627 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\dbch\af35\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Grounds 1,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11807168 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11807168 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and 5 are dismissed. Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  succeeds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and the application for special le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ave is\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 granted with respect to G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 round 4, for the reasons s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10441744 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8284860 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The appeal partly succeeds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
order to record the conviction is set-aside, and substituted by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order under section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid810307 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  15 (1) (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477488 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 f) of the Sentencing and Penalties Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , that convicti\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 on be not recorded.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13901691 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821563\charrsid3698387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid13901691\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Order of the Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid477488\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12935848 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid477488\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Order of Magistrate Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10304613\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4736179 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10304613\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 et }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4736179 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282201\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 side.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3954404\charrsid9389011 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352543\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid477488\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11352543\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12935848 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid662656 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Pursuant to section 15(1) (f) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282201 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid662656 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282201 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Sentencing and Penalties Act;

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1418\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282201 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (i) Conviction not to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 recorded, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282201 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 (ii) Aggregate fine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10304613\charrsid9389011 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of $500 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9073794 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 affirmed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11408272\charrsid9389011 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid811307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3698387 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14829850 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid11408272\charrsid4984488 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ___________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi216\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14829850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hon Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid4984488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid208242 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid11408272\charrsid6693534 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ___________________________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid4984488 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid208242\charrsid2097514 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14829850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid11408272\charrsid6693534 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid11408272\charrsid6693534 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 __
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi216\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14829850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid4984488 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hon}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid4984488 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Alipate Qetaki
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid11408272\charrsid7667731 
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