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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 CIVIL PETITION NO. CBV 0002 of 2023
\par Court of Appeal No. ABU 0099 of 2019
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid14642274 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 RANGANNA NAICKER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 Petitioner
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 AMI CHAND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 First Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 THE DIRECTOR OF LANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par 
\par 
\par Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 \tab \tab \tab :\tab The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 The Hon. Justice William Calanchini
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par The Hon. Justice Terence Arnold
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 \tab \tab :\tab Ms V. Cava and Ms S. Ben for the Petitioner\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr N. R. Padarath for the First Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
Mr J. Mainavolau and Mr A. Bauleka for the Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 \tab \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 
\par Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 \tab :\tab 5 April 2024\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274 \tab :\tab 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5659050\charrsid14642274 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid14642274  April 2024         
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid5377825 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid13191574 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13191574\charrsid13191574 Keith, J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 1.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 No }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15862170\charrsid13911862 government department, whether in Fiji or elsewhere, is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 immune from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15862170\charrsid13911862 occasionally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 being criticized for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15862170\charrsid13911862  the pace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 with which it con
ducts its affairs.  The Lands Department is an example of that.  In this case, it took a long time to decide whether to consent to the transfer of land.  By the time it came to consider the matter, the transferor had changed his mind and was no longer wil
ling to proceed with the transfer.  The transferee obtained an order from the High Court for specific performance of the original agreement to transfer the land, but that order was set aside by the Court of Appeal.  The transferee now applies t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 o the Supreme Court for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 
leave to appeal.  He wants the order of the High Court restored.  The facts are a little complicated, and I trust that I will be forgiven for going into them in some detail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 
  I take the facts from the findings of the trial judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 , the undisputed facts as revealed in the parties\rquote  affidavits on an application for summary judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13911862 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314 
 The relevant affidavits are at pages 24-38 (Naicker), 44-60 (Chand) and 61-65 (Naicker) of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862  and the documents produced at trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9708853\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14642274 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9708853\charrsid13911862 The relevant facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9708853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14379957\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862 2.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862 land to which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8528734\charrsid13911862  case relates is in Vunisamaloa in the Province of Ba.   It was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 originally described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8528734\charrsid13911862 
ot 4 on Plan BA 2357.  It was leased in 1973 under a Crown Lease to two men, one of whom was Ami Chand, the first respondent, in his capacity as the executor and trustee of his father\rquote s estate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15104274\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The original lease is at pages 277-280 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8782380\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9708853\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862 3.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 In about 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8782380\charrsid13911862 
, Ranganna Naicker, the petitioner, was allowed to live on the land.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 He was a friend of Mr Chand, and had been living in Mr Chand\rquote 
s house in Namosau (which is not far from Vunisamaloa) for some time.  He wanted to live somewhere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 where he and his wife could be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862  together.  It was for that reason that Mr Chand allowed Mr Naicker to live on the land to which this case relates. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 
 There is a dispute about wheth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 er Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 Naicker was required t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 o pay rent or not \endash  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 dispute which the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11493111\charrsid13911862 
rial judge did not resolve \endash  but there was a farm on the land, and it is not disputed that Mr Chand asked Mr Naicker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 to act as the \'93full-time caretaker\'94
 of the farm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 .  Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 he appointed Mr Naicker to be his lawful attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13911862 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid16715540 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16715540  See paragraph 10 of Mr Chand\rquote 
s affidavit of 27 November 2017 and paragraph 10 of Mr Naicker\rquote s affidavit of 12 January 2018 (pages 45 and 62 of the Record of the High Court).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 
\par 4.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 Over the next few y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 
ears, Mr Naicker worked on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 farm.  He claimed that he was doing that for himself, not for Mr Chand.  His evidence was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10814752\charrsid13911862 he had incurred considerable expenditure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15805947\charrsid13911862  during th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 os}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15805947\charrsid13911862 e years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10814752\charrsid13911862 , having spent about $60,000 on labour and machinery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862   In addition, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10236527\charrsid13911862 e had put new foundations into the house on the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 in which he was living }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10236527\charrsid13911862 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10236527\charrsid13911862 installed a new kitchen.  He had paid about $15,000 for that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862   H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10236527\charrsid13911862 e said that following Cyclone Winston in 2016 he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862  purchas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid13911862 ed, amon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid13911862  other things,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10236527\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid13911862 new timbers for the house which had been damaged, and had replaced those walls which had been damaged and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid13911862 repainted them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862 Moreover, in 2013 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862 
 had been engaged by Rooster Poultry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10965579\charrsid13911862 to breed chickens.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of engagement is at page 349 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10965579\charrsid13911862   He }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10965579\charrsid13911862 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862 
applied to the local authority for permission to build a chicken shed on the land, and that required a report assessing the impact on the environment which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862 
such a construction would have.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The application for permission is at pages 347-348 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862 His evidence was that he had paid $5,000 for that report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10965579\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1077552\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 5.     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 
Mr Chand claimed that it had been in Mr Naicker\rquote s capacity as caretaker that Mr Naicker had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 working on the farm.  Indeed, Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7301121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid13911862 Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862  claimed that he \'93
had financed the expenses involved in planting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 for crops and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid13911862 arvesting\'94
.  He gave no other evidence about what Mr Naicker had been doing on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129513\charrsid7301121 land, save for saying that he had not known about any renovations to the house made necessary by Cyc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid7301121 lone Winston.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7301121\charrsid7301121 For his part, Mr Naicker claimed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid7301121 that he had done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid7301121  all this work and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16715540\charrsid7301121 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid7301121 spen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2163107\charrsid7301121 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid7301121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15426479\charrsid13911862 these sums}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862  because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862 
Mr Chand had been content, from at least June 2012, to transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 the lease to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6241898 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 .   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7301121 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7301121\charrsid6115399 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2185376\charrsid6115399 trial judge made no findings about any of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3895702\charrsid6115399 , but there was no doubt that Mr Chand had indeed been willing for the lease to be transferred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6115399\charrsid6115399 to Mr Naicker.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid6115399 he transfer required the consent of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid6115399 second respondent, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid6115399 Director of Lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid6115399 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid6115399 
 because the lease provided that it was a Protected Lease under the provisions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid6115399 the State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid6115399 Lands }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid6115399 Act.  Any lease containing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 such a provision could not be transferred without the Director of Lands
\rquote  consent: see section 13 of the State Lands Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965765\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 
 Accordingly, the consent of the Director of Lands was sought by Mr Chand using the prescribed form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The completed form is at pages 282-283 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 .  The form }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 was in two parts.  The first part of the form was headed \'93Application for Consent to a Transfer\'94.  It constituted the actual application for consent.  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 was signed by both Mr Chand as the transferor and by Mr Naicker as the transferee, and was stamped as having been received by the Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862 epartment in Lautoka on 6 June 2012.  An additio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 
nal stamp on this part of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6761852\charrsid13911862  form recorded that the fee of $5,000 for the Director of Lands\rquote  consent had been paid on 31 May 2012.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10965579\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862      }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 The second part of the form was headed \'93Transfer of Crown Lease\'94.  In it, Mr Chand }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862  to transfer the land to Mr Naicker for 
the sum of $5,000.  It was dated 30 May 2012 and signed by Mr Chand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 
  It constituted a sufficient memorandum in writing within the meaning of section 59 of the Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Act 1881 to found a claim for specific performance.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 Mr Naicker\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 on the topic (which the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 judge accepted in preference to that of Mr Chand) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862 was that the premium to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 be paid by Mr Naicker for the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862 
ransfer had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13845702\charrsid13911862  $20,000, but since }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637551 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13518249\charrsid13911862  had lent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637551 Mr Chand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 $15,0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862 00, it had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862  agreed that repayment }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 of the loan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 
 would be waived, and that Mr Naicker would only have to pay Mr Chand $5,000 for the transfer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 
Mr Naicker paid the sum of $5,000 to Mr Chand on 30 May 2012, the day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 on which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 
the agreement to transfer the lease was signed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 Mr Chand denied having signed either part of the form, but the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 judge disbelieved him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 The Director of Lands did not get round to consenting to the transfer.  There was no evidence at the trial why that was, but it was accepted that it had not been a case of consent ha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862 ving been refused.  It may simply have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862  overlooked.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862 The lease was due to expire on 1 May 2015.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 It was thought appropriate to address}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10317192\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 what should happen then.  It was decided that any new lease should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15677133\charrsid13911862  name Mr Naicker as the lessee.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 
The unchallenged evidence was that the Lands Department wanted a letter confirming that, and a suitable letter was drafted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15556066\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 22 July 2013 is at page 284 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 
  It was dated 22 July 2013, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 addressed to the appropriate official at the Lands }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11759035\charrsid13911862 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 epartment.  It stated that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862  Mr Chand wanted to renew the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13637551 ease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11039611\charrsid13911862 
 It recorded that Mr Naicker was cultivating and managing the farm on the land, and it requested that the new lease should name Mr Naicker as the lessee.  It added that Mr Naicker would be responsible for any disbursements incurred in the preparation of t
he new lease.  The letter was signed by Mr Chand and countersigned by Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 .     On 20 December 2013, the Ministry of Lands and Mineral Resources}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  (\'93the Ministry\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 , being the ministry responsible for the Lands Department, wrote to Mr Naicker in resp
onse to that request.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5778507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 20 December 2013 is at page 292 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 
  It informed Mr Naicker that on the expiry of the current lease a new lease would be issued subject to a number of conditions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 
  It did not say in so many words to whom the new lease would be issued, but since the letter was addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325443\charrsid13911862 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110335\charrsid13911862 to Mr Naicker, the Ministry must be presumed to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9325443\charrsid13911862 decided to issue the new lease to Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862  
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10649503\charrsid13911862     A new le}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 ase was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10649503\charrsid13911862  issued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5778507\charrsid13911862 
 to Mr Naicker on the expiry of Mr Chand\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 s lease, despite the Ministry\rquote s letter of 20 December 2013.  There was no evidence why that had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 not happened.  Maybe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  it was just overlooked.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 
We just do not know.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10649503\charrsid13911862 Accordingly, on 7 March 2015 Mr Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid272668\charrsid13911862  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2972876\charrsid13911862 rote to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 Minister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862 who he thought \endash  wrongly 
\endash  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 responsible for the Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 epartment, The Minister for Local Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972876\charrsid13911862 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 
 Housing and Environm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862 ent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5118925\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 7 March 2015 is at page 285 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470868\charrsid13911862 Mr Chand set out which of his family members were living in other houses on the land, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972876\charrsid13911862 
and ended by requesting the minister in effect to use the authority of his office to cause the lease to be transferred to Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15862170\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 He must have forgotten }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 (or deliberately ignored) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 
that by then the original lease had expired, and that the issue for the Lands Department }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862 (who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 
 Mr Chand did not realize}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  had already written to Mr Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 ) was whether a new lease should be }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 issued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862  to Mr Naicker.  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862 looks as if Mr Chand did not get a response to that letter because on 10 August 2015 he wrote to the Director of Lands asking for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid272668\charrsid13911862 
the transfer of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10165806\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16581440\charrsid13911862 to proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862  quickly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid814013 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 10 August 2015 is at page 291 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862 
  In the meantime, the M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 inistry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862 
 had on 17 April 2015 sent to Mr Naicker an identical letter to the one which had been sent to him on 20 December 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid814013 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 17 April 2015 is at page 290 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862   
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid272668\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5118925\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862     Nothing happened for two years.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 Again, there was no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 evidence about why that was.  Maybe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  the matter had been overlooked.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 Maybe something else had happened.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 Eventually, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 though, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 the Ministry wrote to Mr Chand.  That was on 26 April 2017.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The letter of 26 April 2017 is at page 287 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10649503\charrsid13911862 The letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8867388\charrsid13911862  referred to the original application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8867388\charrsid13911862 in 2012 for consent for the transfer of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid814013\charrsid13911862 
 the original lease to Mr Na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 icker \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15860362\charrsid13911862  without referring to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862  the fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  that the Ministry had twice written to Mr Naicker in the meantime informing him that he would be issued}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862  with a new lease of the land.  The Ministry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8867388\charrsid13911862 said that since the description of the land had changed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 , it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10649503\charrsid13911862  necessary for Mr Chand to submit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862  \'93the correct application for consent to transf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 er with the transfer documents\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid864386\charrsid13911862 So after five years, the partie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 
s were back to square one.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862 .   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 We do not know what documents, if any, were submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  by Mr Chand following that letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10037732\charrsid13911862  but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13256276\charrsid13911862  within a week }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 a new lease was issued for a term of 99 years from 1 January 2015, the date on which the original lease had expired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  The new lease is at pages 294-298 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 
 It was not dated, but it was stamped as having been approved on 2 May 2017.  The lot was no longer described as Lot 4 on Plan BA 2357, but Lot 1 \endash  BDSW }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 
1443 Balance Lot 4 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 n Plan BA 2357.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106452 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314 
 It was never suggested that this was anything other than merely a change of description of the land.  In other words, it was not disputed that both the original lease and the new lease related to the same land.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862 However, the lessee wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9009481\charrsid13911862 s named as}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862  Mr Chand, not Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9009481\charrsid13911862   We do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 
not know why that was.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9009481\charrsid13911862 t may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 be that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9009481\charrsid13911862  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 
Lands Department assumed that the transfer was not now going ahead, and so it issued the new lease to Mr Chand.  Alternatively, it may be that new transfer documents were not sent to the Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13256276\charrsid13911862 Department as had been sought i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 n the letter of 26 April 2017, and in their absen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 ce the Lands Department issued }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 the new lease to Mr Chand as he had been the original lessee.  Or it ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 y be that Mr Chand told the Lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 ds Department that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2163107\charrsid13911862 no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 longer w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 anted the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13256276\charrsid13911862  transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 the lease to Mr Naicker to go ahead, which was why it issued the new lease to Mr Chand.  Having said all that, nothing turns on which of those possibilities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 was the correct one.  The fact is that the new lease was not issued to Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 e was lef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 
t with little alternative but to issue proceedings, which he did on 19 September 2017.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136487\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 The proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14379957 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7023642\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8867388\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2588398\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5118925\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13256276\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 .     In those proceedings, Mr Naicker sought specific performance of the agreement under which Mr Chand had agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13256276\charrsid13911862 eed that Mr Naicker would be the lessee of the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 His }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 difficulty was how to allege that the Director of Lands had given his consent to the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8276265\charrsid13911862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13518249\charrsid13911862 What his solicitors decided to do was t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13518249\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862 allege that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13518249\charrsid13911862 
 Director of Lands\rquote  letter of 26 April 2017 amounted to such consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13518249\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14106452 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  See para 7 of the Statement of Claim.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9250487\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862  The Director of Lands disputed that.  In my view, the argument that the Director of Lands had given his consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862 
to the transfer of the lease to Mr Naicker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 was completely untenable.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 he letter of 26 April 2017 merely asked for the documents which were needed to enable the Director of Lands to give his consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6103088\charrsid13911862 
  Indeed, the judge specifically referred to the evidence of the one witness called on behalf of the Director of Lands, an assistant estate officer in the Lands Department, who had said that consent to the transfer had not been refused, but that the parti
es had been requested to submit \'93the correct application for consent to transfer with the transfer documents for further processing\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6103088\charrsid13911862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15016314 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016314  See para 36 of the trial judge\rquote s judgment of 4 October 2019.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14701172\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 
.    It might, I suppose, have been possible to argue that the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer of the lease could have been inferred from the two letters which the Ministry wrote to Mr Naicker \endash 
 the ones dated 20 December 2013 and 17 April 2015 \endash 
 in which the Ministry had informed him that on the expiry of the original lease a new lease would be issued to him subject to a number of conditions.  Such an argument would not have succeeded. The letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 s had nothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 to do with the transfer of the original lease. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 hey we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2897578\charrsid13911862 re concerned with the issue of a new lease.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 
.     So on what basis did the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 , Ajmeer J,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 
 order specific performance of the agreement to transfer the land to Mr Naicker?  The core passage in his judgment was in paragraph 13, which read:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 \'93
Section 13 issue does not arise here.  [Mr Chand] is not entitled to raise that issue after signing the transfer document with consent to transfer.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 So the judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 did not base his judgment on the footing that the Director of Lands\rquote  consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862 to the transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2309872\charrsid13911862 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 bee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862 n obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 What he was saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8746935\charrsid13911862 was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862 it was by then too late for Mr Chand to contend that the Director of Lands\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2163107\charrsid13911862 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862  not be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2163107\charrsid13911862 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862  sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862 
.  That was because Mr Chand had already signed documents in which the Director of Lands had been requested to give his consent to the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 .  It was on that basis that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 the judge ordered specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 performance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 what he described as \'93the agreement to contract between the parties in relatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1969956\charrsid13911862 n to property land in dispute\'94, by which he meant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 the agreement between Mr Chand and Mr Naicker that Mr Chand would transfer the lease to Mr Naicker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862 
  The flaw in the judge\rquote s reasoning is obvious.  Even if Mr Chand could no longer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862  contend that the Director of Lands\rquote 
 consent should not be sought, the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer would still have had to be obtained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14106452\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862 This leads to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862  an unfortunate lacuna at the heart of Ajmeer J\rquote s judgment.  It is not possible to tell whether he was saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1969956\charrsid13911862 
that the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer of the lease to Mr Naicker was still required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862   Of course it was, and on one view of his judgment, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862  was what Ajmeer J thought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253587\charrsid13911862 I say that because, in addition to making an order for specific performance, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1969956\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 ordered Mr Chand to \'93do everything necessary for the transfer of the lease \'85 to [Mr Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  within 2 months from the date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862  of this judgment\'94, ie by 4 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6103088\charrsid13911862 ecember 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2046757\charrsid13911862 019.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4662947\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8746935\charrsid13911862  The judge did not spell out what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862  Mr Chand had to do, but he could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8746935\charrsid13911862  have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  had in mind requiring Mr Chand to compl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862 
ete the prescribed form requesting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  the Director of Lands to give his consent to the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 
ransfer of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  to Mr Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803329\charrsid13911862  \endash 
 leaving it to the Director of Lands to decide whether to give his consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1260607\charrsid13911862 
  On the other hand, the relief sought in the Statement of Claim had made no reference whatever to the order of specific performance of the agreement for the transfer of the lease having to be subject to the Director of Lands\rquote 
 consent to its transfer.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 
It had sought an order requiring Mr Chand to execute the transfer of the lease to Mr Chand.  That rather suggested that when Ajmeer J ordered Mr Chand to do everything necessary for the transfer of the lease, that was all he had in mind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862 The appeal to the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13191837 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 
    Mr Chand appealed to the Court of Appeal.  The leading j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862 udgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 
(with which the other members of the Court agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271726\charrsid13911862 ed) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862 was given by Guneratne P.  He thought that the High Court had been wrong to order specific performance.  Specific performance of an agreement can only be ordered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862  when the agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862  is enforceable.  Since the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer of the lease ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253587\charrsid13911862 d not been obtained, the partie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862 s\rquote  agreement for the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862  of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862  could not be enforced.  The order for specific performance had to be set aside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862  for that reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6578755\charrsid13911862 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862 .     Guner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862 
atne P was alive to the unfairness which would result.  Mr Naicker would have nothing to show for all the improvements he had made to the land, for the repayment of the debt of $15,000 which he had waived, and for the additional $5,000 he had paid to Mr C
hand.  Accordingly, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862 held that Mr Naicker was entitled to remain on the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862  \'93as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 bona fide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862  occupier
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862  until Mr Chand had paid to him the sum of $20,000, and upon such a payment being made, Mr Naicker was required to vacate the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14515345\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862  There was no discussion in Guneratne P\rquote 
s judgment about the legal basis on which such an order could be made, though the order which the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862 made referred to \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 consi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7632063\charrsid13911862 derations of equity\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 The petition to the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13191837\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8746935\charrsid13911862    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11539947\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 Two preliminary points}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 Mr Naicker now petitions the Supreme Court for special leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13637551 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15814518\charrsid13911862 ppeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 
He wants the orders of the High Court restored.  Two preliminary points were taken by Mr Chand\rquote s solicitors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 y argue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 
 that both points require the petition to be dismissed without a consideration o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 f its merits.  The first related}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862  to the petitio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 n itself.  Although the draft}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 
 petition was exhibited to an affidavit wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 ch was sworn in support of an application }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 by Mr Naic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 ker\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 
s solicit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 ors to file the petition out of time \endash  an application which was granted \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 
 the pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862 tition itself was never filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 Without a petition, there can be no appeal.  We were told that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 he reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 for the failure to file it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 was that Mr Naicker\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 
s solicitors had instructed a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 gents to file the petition, and they had not been informed that the agents had not done so.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 However, Mr Chand\rquote s solicitors were not prejudiced in any way.  They would have known from the draft petition which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 
had been exhibited to the affidavit sworn in support of the application to enlarge the time for filing the petition what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 Mr Naicker\rquote 
s case on the appeal to the Supreme Court was to be.  In the circumstances, at the hearing o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 f the petition, we extended  Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862  Naicker\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 solicitors\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 
time for filing the petition, and the affidavit verifying the facts in it, to the following Wednesday.  We can report that they were indeed filed by then.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862 The second preliminary point was that the written submissions filed on behalf of Mr Naicker were not served on Mr Chand
\rquote s solicitors until 2 April 2024, three days before the petition was due to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 
  That was a breach of rule 22(1) of the Supreme Court Rules which requires the petitioner\rquote 
s written submissions to be filed with 42 days before the date fixed for the hearing of the petition, and for them to be served on the respondent within 7 days of it being filed.  This tim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8874144\charrsid13911862 e that requirement was just ove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 rlooked.  Again, though, Mr Chand\rquote 
s solicitors were not prejudiced.  They had already prepared their written submissions, and were able to file them on the day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 on which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8127382\charrsid13911862 Mr Naicker\rquote s written submissions were served on them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8874144\charrsid13911862 
  I do not wish to minimize this failure to comply with the Rules, but this was a long way off from justifying dismissing the petition without considering its merits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1581769\charrsid13911862   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 The enforceability of the agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3876260\charrsid13911862 grounds of appeal are difficult to follow.  For the most part, Mr Naicker\rquote 
s solicitors rely on the unfairness of the outcome without stating where things went wrong.  However, the one argument which they clearly advance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 
for restoring the order for specific performance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12783085\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 is that the Director of Lands\rquote 
 consent was not a precondition for the enforceability of an agreement for the transfer of a le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15278309\charrsid13911862 ase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8090311\charrsid13911862 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862   I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053017\charrsid13911862 do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862 agree.  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 The absence of consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862  meant that the agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2053017\charrsid13911862  could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862  not t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053017\charrsid13911862 ake effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862 .  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053017\charrsid13911862 could only take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862  
effect when consent to the transfer of the lease had been obtained.  Putting it in another way, its enforceability was subject to a condition subsequent, namely the grant of consent for the transfer.  The ag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 reement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537329\charrsid13911862 could not be enforced unt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053017\charrsid13911862 
il then.  How could you enforce an agreement which required consent when that consent had not been obtained?  Suppose the Director of Lands would not have given his consent to the transfer of the lease to Mr Naicker, could Mr Naicker really have avoided t
hat outcome by arguing that the agreement for the transfer of the lease to him could be enforced nevertheless?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 
  So I entirely agree with the Court of Appeal that the order for specific performance sought by Mr Naicker \endash  which ignored the need for the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer \endash  could not be made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15016314\charrsid13911862 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 However, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 hat does not mean that a suitably worded order for specific performance c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14954895\charrsid13911862 ould not have been made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 
.  If the order for the transfer of the lease had been made subject to the prior consent of the Director of Lands to its transfer having been obtained, there could have been no objection to it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862   As I have said, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 t may be that that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 was what Ajmeer J }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862 had in mi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 nd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862   It}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9994219\charrsid13911862  is unfortunate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862  that he did not spell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5253587\charrsid13911862  out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 his thinking on the topic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253587\charrsid13911862 
in both his judgment and the order he made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862   The lesson to be learned is that when a court makes an order for specific performance, it must
 spell out in clear and precise language what it is that the defendant is being required to do.  The failure to do that in this case has resulted in an appeal which might otherwise have been avoided.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862   For these reasons, I would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 make an order which has the effect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862 resurrect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862  the order for specific performance }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 made by Ajmeer J, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 
aking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862  it clear that it can only take effect once the Director of Lands has given his consent to the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 ransfer of the new lease to Mr Naicker, and I would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862  order Mr Chand to take all steps necessary to enable the Director of Lands to g}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 ive that consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886402\charrsid13911862   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 24.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13637551\charrsid4019335 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
I have not overlooked the argument that the absence of consent made the agreement to transfer the lease not merely unenforceable, but null and void.  Had it been null and void, the subsequent consent of the Director of Lands to the transfer of the lease c
ould not have saved the agreement.  This argument tracks the actual language of section 13 which is that 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li1440\ri567\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 \'93
any sale, transfer, sublease, assignment, mortgage or other alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void.\'94  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li567\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
The mere fact that the consent of the Director of Lands to the transfer had not been obtained could not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 on its own}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
 have rendered the transfer null and void. As the Privy Council said in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11164987  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid9395977  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1963%5d%201%20WLR%20677" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\insrsid11164987 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90ba200000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390036003300250035006400250032003000310025003200300057004c0052002500320030003600370037000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
[1963] 1 WLR 677}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
, a decision of the Privy Council on appeal from the Court of Appeal of Fiji concerning section 12 of the iTaukei Land Trust Act 1940 (which was the equivalent provision for iTaukei land as section 13 of the State Lands Act is for State land)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li1440\ri567\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 \'93
 ... it would be an absurdity to say that a mere agreement to deal with land would contravene Section 12, for there must necessarily be some prior agreement in all such cases. Otherwise there would be nothing for which to seek the Board\rquote s consent.
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 25.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4019335\charrsid4019335 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 Moreover, in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 
Kulamma v Manadan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid9395977  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1968%5d%20AC%201062" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid11164987 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b9a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d0025003500620031003900360038002500350064002500320030004100430025003200300031003000360032000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid4590552\charrsid14315197 [1968] AC 1062}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 , the Privy Council said that the parties \'93
should be presumed to contemplate a legal course of proceeding rather than an illegal [one]\'94.  Neither Mr Chand nor Mr Naicker ever contemplated that the transfer of the lease would take effect without the Director of Lands\rquote 
 consent as the agreement for the transfer of the lease was in the very document in which the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer was being sought.  There was, therefore, no question of the proposed transfer being null and void simply bec
ause the Director of Lands\rquote  consent to the transfer had not been obtained earlier.  That is the effect of a series of cases including the decision of the Court of Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 Jai Kissun Singh v Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid9395977 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FijiLawRp/1970/29.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid11164987 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b8400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f00460069006a0069004c0061007700520070002f00
31003900370030002f00320039002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid4590552\charrsid2129069 (1970) 16 FLR 165}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 , the decision of the Court of Appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 D B Waite (Overseas) Ltd v Wallath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid9395977 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FijiLawRp/1972/26.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid11164987 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b8400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f00460069006a0069004c0061007700520070002f00
31003900370032002f00320036002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid4590552\charrsid2129069 (1972) 18 FLR 141}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid2129069 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335  and the decision of the Supreme Court in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 Reggiero v Kashiwa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164987  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\insrsid9395977  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJSC/1998/8.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid11164987 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00530043002f0031003900390038002f00
38002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\insrsid4590552\charrsid2129069 [1998] FJSC 8}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 .
\par 26.   Could it be said that there had been some other \'93dealing\'94 with the land which had had the effect of rendering the agreement for the transfer of the lease null and void because consent to the transfer had not been obtained \endash 
 for example, the various things which Mr Naicker had done to improve the land?  In my view, such an argument cannot succeed.  The judge made no findings, one way or the other, whether the improvements which Mr Naicker had made to the land had been made }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 for himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335  in anticipation of the lease being transferred to him, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335 for Mr Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4590552\charrsid4019335  pursuant to the power of attorney and in his capacity as the caretaker of the farm.  In any event, what constitutes \'93dealing\'94
 with land within the meaning of section 13 is not spelled out in the State Lands Act, but however wide it is, I do not believe t
hat what Mr Naicker did can be regarded as the sort of dealing with the land which required the prior consent of the Director of Lands. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4019335 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 The effect of the expiry of the original lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 In the interests of completeness, I should add that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 I have not ignored }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 the fact that the original lease had expired on 1 January 2015.  That was why Mr Chand\rquote s solicitors argued that any agreement for the transfer of the lease could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11289493\charrsid13911862 no longer be enforced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 because there was no longer any lease in existence which was capable of being enforced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862   But that is to overlook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5767300\charrsid13911862  the actual language of Mr Chand\rquote 
s application for consent way back in 2012.  The application was for the Director of Lands\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862  consent to transfer \'93Lot 4 on Plan BA 2357\'94
 to Mr Naicker, not to transfer the lease for the lot.  And although the second part of the prescribed form was headed \'93Transfer of Crown Lease\'94, and the body of this part referred to the original lease, what was actually being tran
sferred to Mr Naicker was \'93all the rights, powers, titles and interest in the said land\'94.  That interest included, not just Mr Chand\rquote s current interest in the land under the original lease, but any future interest he may have in the land 
\endash  for example, his interest in the land under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11289493\charrsid13911862 the new lease which was issued to Mr Chand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6562906\charrsid13911862 
in 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5767300\charrsid13911862 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11289493\charrsid13911862 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5767300\charrsid13911862 
was treated as having commenced on 1 January 2015.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15278309\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253587\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid27946\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4019335 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5527931 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 The Court of Appeal\rquote s other order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 I turn to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 the Court of Appeal\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid227629\charrsid13911862 s or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862 der}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid227629\charrsid13911862 
 requiring Mr Naicker to leave the land once he had been paid the $20,000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276265\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 
 That order was made to compensate Mr Naicker for not being issued with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 a lease in respect of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862 
 the land.  Of course, by today\rquote s order, he will eventually have the new lease transferred to him \endash  unless the Director of Lands declines to give his consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 
  I have so m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 any concerns a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 bout the Court of Appeal\rquote 
s order that it is difficult to know where to begin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 .  I mention just three of them.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 First}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 , i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 t ordered Mr Naicker to vacate the land when no such ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 er had been sought by Mr Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 .  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 econdly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 it purported to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 
compensate Mr Naicker for being deprived of a lease in respect of the land whereas his loss was not just the premium of $20,000 which he was treated as having paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862  for the lease
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 
, but the use he would have made of the land during the currency of the lease, as well as the improvements he had made to the land in the past and their cost.  Thirdly, the judgment did not identify the particular principle of equity which was being appli
ed.  In order to protect Mr Naicker\rquote s position properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 
 in the highly unlikely event of the Director of Lands declining to consent to the transfer of the new lease to Mr Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 
, the more appropriate course to take would be to give Mr Naicker liberty to apply to the High Court for further re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 lief in that event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid801002 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 
This case cannot be said to have raised a far-reaching question of law or a matter of great general or public importance.  But I have reminded judges and practitioners of the importance 
of spelling out in clear and precise language what a defendant is being required to do when an order for specific performance is made.  It was the trial judge\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 
s failure to do tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 t which has contributed to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862  the problems which bedeviled this case, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 sulted in Mr Naicker being deprived o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 f the remedy to which in my opi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 nion he was entitled.  Not without hesitation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 I would therefore give Mr Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862  leave to appeal on the basis that the case raises a matter which is of substantial general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 interest t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 o the administration of civil justice.  In accordance with the Supreme Court\rquote s usual practice, I would treat the hearing of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 the application for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 leave to appeal as the hearing of the appeal, I would allow the appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 I would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 set aside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862  order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 s of the High Court and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862  the Cour}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 t of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862  (with the exception of the order for costs made by Ajmeer J)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 , I would make an order for specific performance in the terms of the order set at the end of our judgments, I would order Mr Chand to take the steps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 set out in the order at the end}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862  o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 ur judgments, and I would ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 er Mr Chand to pay t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 o Mr Nai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 cker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 Mr Naicker\rquote s legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 incurred in the Court of Appeal and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862  summarily assessed at $10,000}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638448\charrsid13911862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941362\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid15296754 Calanchini, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801002 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid15296754 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8915231 \tab I have had the advantage of reading in draft form the judgment of Keith J, and agree with his reasoning, conclusions and orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14642274 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862 Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid15296754 , J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid801002 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid15296754 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15936232 \tab I have read the judgment of Keith J in draft and agree with the reasoning and with the orders he proposes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid15296754 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5377825 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 (i)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 Leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 to appeal granted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 (ii)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 he order of the High Court dated 19 October }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 2019 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 
 order of the Court of Appeal dated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862  25 November 2022 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 set aside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862 , save for paragraph 3 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4591207\charrsid13911862 
f the order of the High Court dated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid818931\charrsid13911862  19 October 2019.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 (iii)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 Within }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 28 days of the date of this order, the petitioner, Ranganna Naicker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862  (\'93Naicker\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 , and the first respondent, Ami Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862  (\'93Chand\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 , shall apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 on the prescribed form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 
to the second respondent, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 Director of Lands, for the Dir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 ector }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 Lands\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 
 consent to the transfer to Nai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9506885\charrsid13911862 cker of the State lease for the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 
 originally known as Lot 4 on Plan BA 2357, and later known as Lot 1 \endash  BDSW 1443 Balance Lot 4 on Plan BA 2357, (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 the said lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13593857\charrsid13911862 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 ) issued to Chand on 2 May 2017 for a term of 99 years from 1 January 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12399679\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 (iv)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 Within }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 
2 months of the Director of Lands giving his consent to the transfer of the said lease to Naicker by Chand, Chand shall execute all such documents as may be necessary to effect the transfer of the said lease t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 o }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 Naicker.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 (v)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 
In the event of the Director of Lands refusing to consent to the transfer of the said lease to Naicker, Naicker shall have liberty to apply to the High Court for such further or additional relief as the High Court thinks just.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 (v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3426956\charrsid13911862 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 )  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234454 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358994\charrsid13911862 Chand shall pay to Naicker Naicker\rquote 
s legal costs in the Court of Appeal and in the Supreme Court summarily assessed at $10,000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4989496\charrsid13911862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1517863\charrsid13911862    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8276265\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid227629\charrsid13911862    }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14773804\charrsid13911862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15936232 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5377825 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14642274 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 The Hon. Justice Brian Keith
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid5527931 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid5377825 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 The Hon. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 William Calanchini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5377825 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862 Justice Terence Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid16518061 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13911862\charrsid13770194 
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