{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg0\uc1\adeff37\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang8192\deflangfe8192\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs1115{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial Unicode MS;}{\f43\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Segoe UI;}
{\f44\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Aptos{\*\falt Calibri};}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Aptos Display;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Iskoola Pota;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Aptos{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Iskoola Pota;}
{\f67\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f68\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f70\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f71\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\f72\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f73\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f74\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\f75\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f407\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f408\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f410\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}
{\f411\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f414\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f415\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f437\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f440\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f441\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f442\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}
{\f443\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\f444\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f445\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f497\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}
{\f498\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}{\f500\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f501\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Segoe UI (Hebrew);}
{\f503\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f504\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}{\f505\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\f507\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Aptos CE{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f508\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Aptos Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f510\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Aptos Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f511\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Aptos Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f514\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Aptos Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f515\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Aptos (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Aptos Display CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Aptos Display Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Aptos Display Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Aptos Display Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Aptos Display Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Aptos Display (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Aptos CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Aptos Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Aptos Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Aptos Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Aptos Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}
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\ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs56\expnd-2\expndtw-10\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\kerning28\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink25 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid13577834 Title;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink27 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid13577834 Subtitle;}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\expnd3\expndtw15\cf20\lang2057\langfe0\dbch\af31501\langnp2057\langfenp0 
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\i\f37\fs22\cf22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink29 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid13577834 Quote;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af41 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf22\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 
\sbasedon10 \slink28 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid13577834 Quote Char;}{\s30\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid13577834 List Paragraph;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf19 
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Intense Quote Char;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\expnd1\expndtw5\cf19 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid13577834 Intense Reference;}{\s35\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2057\ulc1 \snext35 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid13577834 No Spacing;}{
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid3088229\charrsid6177861 First Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid6177861 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid11295522\charrsid6177861 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid6177861 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid5055616\charrsid6177861 AMBE CONSTRUCTION LIMITED}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid16263984\charrsid6177861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ulc0\insrsid3088229\charrsid6177861 Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11295522 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13577834\charrsid11547819 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2835\li2835\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid6177861 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3088229\charrsid4936300 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6448164\charrsid4936300  Hon. Justice Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300 ,J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3088229\charrsid4936300 udge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon. Justice Terence Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3088229\charrsid4936300 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon. Justice Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3088229\charrsid4936300 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11295522 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3088229 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4936300 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid923187\charrsid4936300 S. J. Stanton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4936300  and Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid923187\charrsid4936300 A. Kumar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6948220\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487599\charrsid4936300 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1529994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4936300 Ms. S. Devan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6948220\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4936300 First }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13844705\charrsid4936300 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1529994\charrsid4936300 No appearance for Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1582808 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6948220\charrsid4936300 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4936300 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid4936300 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1582808\charrsid4936300 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10113172\charrsid4936300 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11360015\charrsid4936300 April, 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid4936300 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13577834\charrsid4936300 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid4936300 Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6948220\charrsid4936300 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1582808\charrsid4936300 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177861\charrsid4936300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10113172\charrsid4936300 26 April, 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid4936300 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3935223\charrsid6177861 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3365768 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\ulc0\insrsid3365768\charrsid7360634 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-11\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16656097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6448164 Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3365768\charrsid11547819 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8409300 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3365768\charrsid11547819 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-11\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13517436 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3365768\charrsid11547819 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid15609054 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15609054 I have had the advantage of reading in draft the following judgment of Arnold J.  I agree with its reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5255374 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15609054 
 and orders. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3365768\charrsid8409300 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid662135 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8409300 Arnold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3365768\charrsid11547819 , J
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 The Petitioner, Formscaff (Fiji) Ltd, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 
 contracted by the Second Respondent, Ambe Construction Ltd, to provide scaffolding at a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 four or five }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 stor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8352076 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 y building that Ambe was renovating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 , inside and out}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 .  On 30 September 2008, Forms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 aff\rquote s employees were dismantling the scaffolding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 by passing scaffold poles and other equipment by hand from man to man stationed on each level of the scaffolding to a truck on the ground.  In the course of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 an angle iron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 slipped from a Formscaff employee\rquote s grasp and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 fell and struck the first Respondent, Rajesh Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .  He was an Ambe employee who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 was working with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 four or five}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860  fellow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Ambe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 employees at the foot of the scaffolding.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The falling angle iron hit Mr Naidu on the head}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 , causing him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 serious, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 life-changing injuries.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
  He issued legal proceedings against both Formscaff and Ambe promptly, claiming that each had breached its duty of care to him and seeking damages against both, and in the case of Ambe, seeking (in the alternative) compensation under the Workmen\rquote 
s Compensation Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9514579 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
After a convoluted procedural history, the trial commenced on 29 January 2013 before Kotigalage J.  Oral evidence was heard on 29-30 January and 16-17 October 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6380936 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6380936\charrsid6380936 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6380936\charrsid6380936  The reason for this was that the Court\rquote 
s recording equipment broke down on 30 January and it took some time to re-schedule the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6380936 remaining oral evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6380936\charrsid6380936 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616   The parties then filed detailed closing submissions \-\u8722\'2d Mr Naidu in December 2013, Formscaff in February 2014 and Ambe in March 2014.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5514563 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Judgment was given on 25 November 2016.  It was not, however, given by Kotigalage}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4397983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 J, but rather by Amaratunga J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 Naidu v FORMSCAFF (Fiji) Ltd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  [2016] FJHC 1089.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid13704818 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid16274744 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 Counsel for Mr Naidu explained the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
background to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 in her written submissions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 hen, after two years, no judgment had emerged, Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4397983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Naidu\rquote 
s solicitors made enquiries of the High Court Registry.  They were told that Kotigalage J was no longer a member of the Fijian judiciary, his warrant having expired and not been renewed.  On learning this, Mr Naidu\rquote s solicitors wrote to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1529994 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 then Chief Justice to seek directions.  The Chief Justice advised that another Judge had been assigned to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  and had access to the full court record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744   There were then further communications }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid556235 from the Registry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 to all parties advising when judgment was likely to be delivered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13915444 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1003072 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 
Amaratunga J delivered judgment on 25 November 2016.  The Judge held that both Formscaff and Ambe had been negligent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 each had contributed equally to Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4397983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 Naidu\rquote s injuries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ; as well,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204  Mr Naidu had been contributorily negligent.  The Judge apportioned liability 40 per cent to Formscaff, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
40 per cent to Ambe and 20 per cent to Mr Naidu.  The Judge summarised his assessment of damages as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  See \'93Final Orders\'94.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13915444 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7633788 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 The Plaintiff is granted general damages of $125,000 and interest of 6% per annum from 30.9.2008 to 25.11.2016.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}For the future care a sum of $67,600-00 is awarded.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 
For loss of earnings in future a sum of $68,411.20 is awarded.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 For special damages $6868-44 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 
granted with interest from 2.4.2008 (date of incident) to 25.11.2016 at 3% per annum,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5055616\charrsid13446411 
The cost of this action is summarily assessed at $6,000.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13915444 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Formscaff
 filed a timely notice of appeal, but it lapsed because security for costs was not provided.  Formscaff then filed a further notice of appeal, which also lapsed for the same reason.  Finally, on 28 April 2017 (about five months out of time), Formscaff fil
ed a further notice of appeal, coupled with an application for an enlargement of time.  A single Judge of the Court of Appeal heard this application on 26 February 2019 and, in a ruling dated 27 June 2019, granted the enlargement of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 Formscaff (Fiji) Limited v Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  [2019] FJCA 137.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15493534 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The Court of Appeal heard the appeal in September 2022.  In a short judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 Formscaff (Fiji) Limited v Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  [2022] FJCA 117.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  the Court: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-425\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid13917567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 refused to order a new trial;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
directed that another High Court Judge be assigned to give judgment in the matter within three months on the basis of oral (and perhaps written) submissions relating to matters raised by Formscaff in its application for leave; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid13329792 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 made no order for costs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid13915444 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Formscaff then filed a petition for leave to appeal to this Court.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa120\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16464497 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 Basis of Petition
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7364390 nder s 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act, the Supreme Court may not grant leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
in a civil case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7364390 unless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7364390  raises:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 a far-reaching question of law;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 a matter of great general or public importance; 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2365969 
a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4936300 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The Petition in this case was supported by a verifying affidavit filed by an employee of the New India Assurance Company Pte Ltd as Formscaff\rquote s insurer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid1854765 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid1854765  New India insured Ambe as well and arranged separate representation for each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616  at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid1854765 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616   The principal grounds raised were:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The High Court judgment was against the weight of the evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The
 High Court judgment was delivered by a Judge who had not conducted the trial, without any notice to, or consent of, the parties.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1865383 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The claim was \'93
a contested negligence based action with serious conflict on evidence and where only the trial judge (Kotigalage J) and not Amaratunga J had the benefit of observing the demeanour of witnesses and drawing the necessary inferences on credibi
lity therefrom and making findings on liability apportionment of contributory negligence and the award of damages\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1865383 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li851\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The order that a further High Court Judge be assigned to give a decision within three months on the basis of further submissions was inadequate.  What was required was an order for a new trial b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1865383 efore a Judge \'93who will have the benefit of observing the demeanour of the witnesses and drawing inferences based}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1865383 assessment of the evidence adduced during trial\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa120\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16464497 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 The law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 As in many other common law jurisdictions, the general rule in Fiji is that civil causes in the High Court are heard by a Judge alone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  See High Court Act 1875, s 13(1).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
  Occasionally, a judge is unable to complete a tri
al or to deliver judgment following a hearing, for example, as a result of ill health or death.  In some jurisdictions, there are legislative provisions dealing with such situations.  In New Zealand, for example, if a Judge sitting alone becomes incapable
 of giving judgment or dies, the matter must be retried.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  High Court Rules }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15104574  (NZ), r 11.8(3); District Court Rules 2014 (NZ), r 11.8(2).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
New Zealand legislation also deals with situations such as arose in the present case by providing that where judges retire with uncompleted judgments, their warrants can be extended to allow them to complete the outstanding work.  Sections 177(1) \endash 
 (3) of the Senior Courts Act 2016 (NZ) provide:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s53 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s53\qj \li851\ri238\sb100\sbauto1\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1276\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\ilvl1\adjustright\rin238\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055616 
This section applies to proceedings in a senior court, another court, or a tribunal.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s53 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}
A judicial officer whose term of office has expired or who has retired may continue in office for the purpose of completing the hearing of a matter, or determining or giving judgment in proceedings, that the judicial officer has heard either alone or with
 others.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s53 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s53\qj \li851\ri238\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx1276\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\ilvl1\adjustright\rin238\lin851\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055616 
A judicial officer must not continue in office under subsection [(2)] for longer than 3 months without the consent of the nominating Minister.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s53\qj \li0\ri238\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin238\lin0\itap0\pararsid9055848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9055848 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9006048 here is a provision in Fiji dealing with the situation where a Magistrate is unable to complete a proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .  Section 47 of the Magistrates Courts Act 1944 permits a Magistrate to complete processes, causes or matters started by a predecessor Magistrate, except that (subject to an irrelevant exception) \'93
the [new] Magistrate shall commence the trial of any such cause or matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ab initio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 \'94
.  In other words, where the previous Magistrate has not completed a trial, the new Magistrate must start it afresh.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
There is also a relevant provision in relation to the Supreme Court.  Section 10(1) of the Supreme Court Act 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6380936 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
8 deals with the continuation of an appeal where a judge who participated in the proceedings dies or is unable for some reason to complete the proceedings.  In that event, if there are at least two remaining judges and the parties consent, the remaining j
udges may complete the proceedings.  If the parties do not consent, the appeal must be reheard (s 10(3)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid12534062 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9006048 there does not appear to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 an equivalent provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9006048  where a High Court judge 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 in Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9006048 does not complete a proceeding by issuing judgment.  Rather, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 it has been held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid9006048 the common law governs the position.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
I will give four examples of cases where this situation has arisen, three involving the summary dismissal of all members of the judiciary by the President of Fiji on 10 April 2009 and one additional, more recent, example.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7283469 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 First, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
ANZ Banking Group Ltd v Vikash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343 ANZ Banking Group Ltd v Vikash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616  [2010] FJHC 3.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 there had been a one-day trial in August 2008, but no judgment had been delivered by 10 April 2009 (partly because of the late filing of submissions), when the trial Judge was dismissed and not re-appointed.  The plaintiff\rquote 
s solicitors applied for an order that a new Judge deliver judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6380936 based on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  the trial Judge\rquote 
s notes and the submissions of the parties; the defendant opposed this course and sought a trial de novo, on the basis that the credibility of witnesses was critical to the resolution of some issues.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid466604 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The Judge dealing with the application, Inoke J, said that as there was no relevant statutory provision, the common law applied.  Under the common law, the Judge held that he had a discretion as to whether the matter should be heard de novo or not.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826  At para [6].}}
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616   The Judge referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 R (on the application of Hitch) v Commissioners for the Special Purposes of the Income Tax Acts}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 
R (on the application of Hitch) v Tax Commissioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826  [2005] EWHC 291 (Admin).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  where Evans-Lombe J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826  At para }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12089065 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12089065 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li993\ri237\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin237\lin993\itap0\pararsid3935223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1656204 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri238\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin238\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5588036 {\upr{\*\bkmkstart para15}
{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart para15}}}In my judgment the balance of authority leads to the conclusion that the common law position is that the death or incapacity of a judge in the middle of a case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5588036  does not mean that there is no jur
isdiction for a second judge to take over the case in mid-trial and complete it. It will be open to him, particularly under modern rules of evidence, so to order the trial that costs thrown away are minimised. In a case not involving witnesses this will b
e relatively easy. However in the majority of cases, and in particular where witnesses are involved it will be necessary, as a matter of case management, to try the matter de novo.{\upr{\*\bkmkend para15}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend para15}}}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid556235 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Inoke J considered that there was no material difference between a situation where a trial was part heard and where the trial had been completed, but judgment had not been delivered.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid15017167 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid15017167  At para }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6380936 [6].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid9055848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Inoke J determined that he would deal with the matter on the basis of the trial record but would give the parties the opportunity to make further oral submissions.  In exercising his discretion, the Judge took into account (i) the delay that had occurred 
to date, and would occur if he were to order a trial de novo \endash 
 at least a further year before the matter would be resolved; (ii) the modest amount at stake in the proceedings ($11,074.23); (iii) the fact that the memories of witnesses would have dimmed over time; and (iv) the fact that the Judge\rquote 
s notes were comprehensive and the parties had filed written submissions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Second, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Lata v Limamaka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid12978826 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343 Lata v Limamaka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid13916343  [2010] FJHC 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6380936 
.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  the plaintiff had brought a claim against a truck driver and his employer for damages arising from an accident caused, it was alleged, by the truck driver\rquote 
s negligent driving.  The trial was held on 2 and 3 February 2009 but before judgment was given, the President\rquote 
s decree of 10 April 2009 took effect.  In July 2009, the Registrar wrote to the parties seeking their views on how the Court should deal with the outstanding judgment, ie whether another Judge could give judgment on the basis of the trial recor
d or whether a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  was required.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7283469 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The parties took different views.  The defendants argued that a trial de novo was required because the outcome of the case depended on the credibility of witnesses; the plaintiff argued that a decision on the trial record was appropriate, especially given
 that the accident had occurred in 2000, the plaintiff was poor and unable to pay for a further trial and the main witness, an independent eyewitness, was by this stage dead. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7018726 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Inoke J was again the Judge who considered the matter.  After referring to the principles discussed in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ANZ Banking Group Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
case, the Judge determined that the matter should not be heard de novo but dealt with on the basis of the material before the trial Judge.  Inoke J noted that (i) the evidence and submissions at trial had been recorded, so that the audio tapes could be tr
anscribed and transcripts provided to the parties; (ii) this would include the evidence of the now dead principal witness; and (iii) ordering a new trial would add further delay to a matter that had already taken far too long.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid10170899 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The third case I mention is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Lok v Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid10170899 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid10170899  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid10170899 Lok v Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5055616  [2010] FJHC 7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  another decision of Inoke J.  I mention it simply as an illustration of a case where both parties agreed that the Judge should deliver judgment }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12349246 based on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 the evidence and submissions that had been before the former Judge who had presided over the trial.  The case involved a claim on a promissory note, the principal issue being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12349246 whether}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  the amount secured by the promissory note had been repaid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid923187 , as to which there was a contest on the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1461411 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The final example is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Airports Fiji Ltd v Aerolink Air Services Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid1461411 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid1461411  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid1461411 Airports Fiji Ltd v Aerolink Air Services Pty Ltd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616  [2017] FJHC 766.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
  In that case, the action was commenced in February 2015 and involved a claim for some $77,000 and a substantial counterclaim.  There was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12349246 three-day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 trial in October 2016, after which the parties were ordered to file written submissions.  The submissions were not filed before the trial Judge retired in June 2017.  The matter was allocated to Mohammed Mackie J, who held a hearing to determine whether 
he could deal with the matter on the basis of the transcript of evidence before the trial Judge or whether he should order a new trial.  The Judge referred to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ANZ Banking Group}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 case and noted that some of the considerations to which Inoke J had given weight were not present in the case before him.  Mohammed Mackie J emphasised the importance of seeing and hearing the witnesses and ultimately concluded that the prudent course in
 the particular circumstances was to order a new trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid13203306 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
I accept that at common law there is a discretion whether or not a new trial should be ordered in circumstances where the trial judge is unable to complete a judgment through death, incapacity or retirement.  While it will depend on the particular circums
tances, where evidence has been given orally and the resolution of the issues in the case depends on findings as to the credibility of witnesses who give conflicting accounts, it is probable that a new trial will have to be ordered.  But there will be cas
es, even cases where there has been oral evidence, which can fairly be dealt with on the basis of the material before the trial Judge, without a trial de novo.  In my view, the present case falls within this latter category, as I now explain.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa120\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 Analysis
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Appearing for Formscaff, Mr Stanton argued that the administration of justice was at stake in this case.  He emphasised that the decision to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 give }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
judgment on the basis of the trial record was made without notice to the parties, so that they did not have an opportunity to make submissions on the matter.  He submitted that a Judge determining the case would need to make findings as to the credibility
 of witnesses, which the Judge could only do by seeing and hearing the witnesses, assessing their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid923187 demeanour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  and so on.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 I say immediately that I agree that both parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274744 should have been given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 an opportunity to make submissions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 to the Judge who took the matter over}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065  on the two available options}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 , that is, whether judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 c}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 ould be delivered on the basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  of the trial record or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 
whether it was necessary to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 a new trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380  This was the process adopted by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8352076 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 noke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4397983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 J in the cases discussed above.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3936991 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
However, I do not accept that the failure to take that step means that a substantial injustice has occurred.  In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ANZ Banking Group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3936991 Lata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3936991  cases discussed above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3936991  the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 did not agree on which of the two available options should be adopted.  I consider that had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 the two options been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 raised with the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380  in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 
the same difference of view would have emerged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 , with Mr Naidu seeking a judgment as soon as possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5055616 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s50\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5055616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033\ulc1 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5994380 It seems that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804  Mr Naidu\rquote s solicitors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5994380 appreciated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5994380 the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804  Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5994380 assigned to deal with the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616\charrsid9200804 
would issue judgment on the basis of the trial record.  They raised no objection to this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5055616  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 and Formscaff and Ambe arguing for a new trial.  Given that disagreement, and given also the particular circumstances of this case discussed below, I consider that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380 
a decision to give judgment on the basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  of the trial record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5994380  was inevitable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3936991 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
To explain this conclusion, I will examine first what occurred at trial and then consider the practicalities of ordering a new trial. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\saauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The High Court trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7291308 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Although the trial was initially scheduled to take place in October 2011, it did not in fact begin until 29 January 2013.  It is important to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564509 emphasise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  that the oral evidence was recorded and transcribed, and that all parties filed extensive written submissions following the taking of the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6380936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 There were three witnesses for the plaintiff \endash 
 Mr Naidu himself, one of his workmates, and his medical specialist, Dr Arun Murari.  In terms of the issues raised by the present petition, there are three important features of the evidence of Mr Naidu and his colleague.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 T
he first is that both began work around 7.30am, which was before the Formscaff workers arrived to dismantle the scaffolding.  Both said that they were instructed by Ambe\rquote 
s site foreman, whom they named, to dig a ditch in front of the building at the foot of the scaffolding.  Four to six people were engaged in this work, and it was expected to take all day.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15497569 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
It is not clear exactly when the dismantling of the scaffolding began, but it was sometime shortly after 10am.  At approximately 1.30pm, the Formscaff worker lost his grip on the angle iron and it fell and injured Mr Naidu.  Both witnesses said that their
 supervising foreman at no stage told them to stop their work for safety reasons, nor were they given any safety instructions.  There was no safety netting, hoist, straps, ropes or other mechanisms to assist with the dismantling of the scaffolding or to p
revent falls. Other evidence did establish, however, that there was what was described as a \'93barricade\'94 at the foot of the scaffolding, consisting of poles with tape stretched between them and some signs, apparently warning of the need for hardhats.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2034884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The second is that both men accepted that there was a risk in working at the foot of the scaffolding as it was being dismantled and that they were aware of this risk.  Both accepted that they had not pursued this with their supervising foreman.  They said
 that had they done so, or stopped work out of concern for their safety, they would have been sent home.  Mr Naidu did say he commented about the risk to his foreman, but was told to keep working \endash  he said the foreman did not take it seriously.  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid3680006 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Third, neither man was wearing a hardhat (or helmet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1529994 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  as referred to at trial).  Both explained why.  They said that their employer did not provide sufficient suitable hardhats to go around.  One of Mr Naidu
\rquote s tasks each morning was to distribute hardhats to his fellow employees.  He said that some no longer had straps, which meant they were not suitable for use when digging.  He said he had run out of suitable hardhats by the time he started work.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7744306 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
When the trial resumed on 16 October 2013, Mr Naidu gave further evidence about an updating report concerning his condition prepared by Dr Murari.  Dr Murari then gave his evidence. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid12729202 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Each defendant then called one witness.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2559370 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Formscaff called a senior supervisor who was present at the site when the accident occurred.  He said that when he arrived with his gang to dismantle the scaffolding at around 9am, there were Ambe employees working inside the barricade at the foot of the 
scaffolding.  He said that Ambe\rquote s foreman asked him to wait a while before starting the dismantling.  He also said that he spoke to Ambe\rquote 
s managing director, who was on-site, about the Ambe employees working at the foot of the scaffolding.  He said he was told not to worry and that the Ambe workers would be cleared from the area.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1209919 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The supervisor said he told his workers
 to begin dismantling the scaffolding around 10am.  At that time, he said, there was no-one working beneath the scaffolding.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid2559370 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Formscaff\rquote 
s supervisor said that he saw the accident.  He said that one of Formscaff\rquote s workers \'93took out the steel\'94 and passed it down to another; the recipient was unable to hold the item and it fell on Mr Naidu\rquote 
s head.  He said the accident happened inside the barricade area.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7479037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The only witness called by Ambe was its managing director.  He said that he had not been at the building in the morning and did not know what had happened before his arrival.  He denied that he had had a discussion with Formscaff\rquote 
s supervisor at around 10am.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7680579 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The director said that he was on the roof of the building when the accident occurred, although he did not see it but rather learnt what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
happened later.  He said that Mr Naidu should have been wearing a hardhat, but accepted that even if he had been, he would still likely have been injured.  When taxed about whether there were sufficient suitable hardhats for all the workers, he said there
 were, and that he kept records concerning hardhats.  When pressed about this, he said the records had been destroyed because no-one had told him to keep them.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid11407085 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The director said that he was not informed about the digging that was being carried out beneath the scaffolding \endash  work allocation was the responsibility of Ambe\rquote s foreman.  In relation to Formscaff, he said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li993\ri238\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin238\lin993\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7680579 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri238\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin238\lin709\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
I agree it should have been hoisted.  It should have been loading gear would have been used.  They were using unsafe method.  I didn\rquote t tell them to stop work but I told [Formscaff\rquote 
s] staff to take precautions.  The ground floor person I told.  I knew the danger and that\rquote s why I advised.  I didn\rquote 
t tell them to stop work they did it earlier and there was no issue. Rajesh Naidu was not wearing a helmet.  I saw him lying on the ground without a helmet.  Foreman had other work to do.  He was taking care of employees.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4067630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Following the close of the evidence, the parties filed detailed written submissions, which traversed both the facts and the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid7164860 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4067630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\saauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8335757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Relevance of what occurred at trial to e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5510752 xercise of discretion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 There
 are certain critical facts that were not effectively challenged in the evidence given at trial.  In my view, this means that the case is not, as Formscaff claimed, one where there was a serious conflict on the evidence that could only be resolved by a ju
dge making findings as to credibility based on an assessment of individual witnesses.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The first significant uncontested fact was that having people working at the foot of the scaffolding while the scaffolding was being dismantled by the manual process Formscaff used involved significant risks.  This explained, at least in part, the so-call
ed barricade.  It was also why the Formscaff supervisor did not allow his gang to start work immediately they arrived on site.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 Mr Naidu said that scaffold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16661645 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 dismantling was usually carried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8352076 out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 
on a Sunday, when the Ambe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16661645 employees were not working}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12089065 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13389256 On the ev
idence, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 he inescapable conclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16661645 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
s that it was reasonably foreseeable that an accident of the type that did occur would occur.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The second point is that the evidence of the plaintiff\rquote 
s witnesses that they were instructed to work at the foot of the scaffolding while it was being dismantled was unchallenged.  This was because Ambe did not call as a witness Ambe\rquote s foreman, who gave the Ambe workers their instructions.  Ambe
\rquote s sole witness, the managing director, gave evidence that he was not at the site in the morning and that the foreman was responsible for allocating work on-site.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The third point is that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 Formscaff\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  sole witness, its on-site }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 supervisor}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 , saw that there were Ambe employees working at the foot of the scaffolding when he arrived at the site with his gang around 9am to undertake the dismantling.  He said he raised this with Ambe\rquote 
s managing director and was told to carry on.  Ambe\rquote s managing director denied this conversation; but whether or not it occurred, the supervisor\rquote s evidence shows that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 was aware that Ambe\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 employees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 
 were working at the foot of the scaffolding, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 and appreciated the risks involved.
  Although the supervisor said that the Ambe employees were not working when the dismantling of the scaffolding began, clearly they were continuing to work in the area throughout the day while the scaffolding was being dismantled.  The fact that the accid
ent occurred confirms this.  It is apparent, then, that Formscaff\rquote s supervisor continued with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid1904192 dismantling of the scaffolding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  despite the fact that Ambe\rquote s employees were continuing to work within and around the area of the barricade and were therefore at risk of injury from a falling scaffold component.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid12591066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The fourth point is that neither Mr Naidu nor his fellow employee were wearing hardhats at the time of the accident.  They explained that there were no suitable hardhats left by the time they started work.  Ambe\rquote 
s managing director disputed this and said 
records were kept.  When asked about those records, he said they had been destroyed as no-one had told him to keep them.  However, the records were obviously relevant to the issues in the trial and should have been discovered and preserved.  The fact that
 they were not undermines this aspect of the director\rquote s evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4657847 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
In the result, the evidence given at trial supports the conclusion that both Formscaff and Ambe were negligent and that their negligence contributed to Mr Naidu\rquote 
s injuries.  The evidence in support of the finding of contributory negligence on the part of the Mr Naidu is much less clear-cut, but the conclusion that he was contributorily negligent was open on the evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4067630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4657847 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\saauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4657847  new tria}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4657847 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
In this Court, Mr Stanton continued to press for an order that there be a new trial.  In my view, this was a surprising stance in the circumstances.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5592630 
Ms Devan advised the Court that Ambe has been wound up, so would not be represented in a new trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616   Presumably Formscaff\rquote 
s solicitors were aware of this since New India insured both Formscaff and Ambe and was involved on behalf of both companies at trial.  It is not clear when Ambe was wound up, but its winding up may explain why Ambe did not seek to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 Amaratunga J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 \rquote s judgment when Formscaff did.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid8677189 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Second, Ms Devan also advised that Mr Naidu\rquote s medical expert, Dr Mura}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 i, has left Fiji for parts unknown, so is unlikely to be able to participate in a new trial.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Third, when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 asked about th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 ese matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 , Mr Stanton said that Dr Mura}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 i had prepared a written report at the time, and this could be relied upon at the new trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16669538 He also said that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  if there were witnesses who were unavailable for a new trial, the transcript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16661645 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  of their evidence at the original trial could be relied upon.  Given that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
a significant element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  of Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4397983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 Stanton
\rquote s submission to this Court was that reliance on the written record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid15169204 Amaratunga J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 appropriate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  in the circumstances, this }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 particularly surprising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484  submission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16669538   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4406484 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
Apart from these considerations, there is the passage of time.  Mr Naidu was injured on 2 April 2008.  He issued his proceedings in September 2008.  For various reasons the trial did not begin until end of January 2013 and was not completed until March 20
14, when Ambe filed its written submissions.  Judgment was delivered on 25 November 2016.  Formscaff was five months out of time in filing its appeal in 2017.  Time was extended by a single Judge of the Court of Appeal in June 2019, and the appeal was not
 dealt with until September 2022.  On any view of it, this lapse of time to deal with a significant personal injury claim is unconscionable.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13389256 
Moreover, it is improbable that any witnesses who are available for a new trial would be able to recall the details of a work accident which occurred 16 years ago in sufficient detail to be helpful to a judicial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1529994 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13389256 -maker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid6385657 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
In summary, then, I consider that ordering a new trial is neither viable nor justified.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa120\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 Outcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 I have set out the grounds raised by Formscaff in its petition at para [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16669538 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
] above.  I summarise my response to them as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The High Court judgment was not against the weight of the evidence, as I have indicated above.  This ground of appeal is without substance.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 The views of the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 should have been sought on the question whether judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 could be given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 on the basis of the record before the trial Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195  or whether a new trial was needed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
.  However, the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 this does not appear to have been done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
 is not fatal, given that it was improbable that the parties would have agreed as to the appropriate course.  This means the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 Judge assigned to the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  would have been required to exercise his discretion one way or the other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 , as Inoke J }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid556235 was required to do}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195  in the cases mentioned earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid4077234 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 For the reasons set out in the body of the judgment, I consider that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16669538 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  have exercised his discretion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 determine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616  that judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 should be given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
on the basis of the record before the trial Judge.  This was not a case where a judgment could only have been given by a Judge who had heard the viva voce evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11933195 
 and, in any event, it is difficult to see that a new trial was a viable option in the circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
The order of the Court of Appeal that a High Court Judge be assigned to give judgment within three months on the basis of further submissions from the parties, while innovative, was both unnecessary and wasteful of resources. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-851\li851\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4067630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid13329792 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 Accordingly, I would: 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 grant leave to appeal, but only for the purpose of quashing the Court of Appeal
\rquote s order concerning the assignment of a further High Court Judge to consider further submissions; 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 order that immediate effect be given to the judgment of the High Court; and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616\charrsid8474913 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid5055616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5055616 order the Petitioner to pay costs of $12,000 to the First Respondent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-11\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16656097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2251024\charrsid11547819 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-11\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx5397\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16656097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid662135 Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12597240\charrsid11547819 , J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12597240\charrsid11547819 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-11\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13517436 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12597240\charrsid11547819 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid12861230 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12861230 
I have read the judgment of Arnold J in draft and agree with its reasoning and with the orders proposed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1465828\charrsid12861230 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1465828 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid1465828 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1465828 Orders of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1465828\charrsid3434409 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx3073\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7360634\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11343823\charrsid11547819 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid8352076 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8352076 The application for leave to appeal is granted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8352076 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid15609054 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15609054 
The order of the Court of Appeal that a further High Court Judge is to be assigned to give judgment in the matter within three months on the basis of oral (and perhaps written) submissions relating to matters raised by the Petitioner is quashed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15609054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid12861230\charrsid12861230 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12861230\charrsid12861230 
Immediate effect is to be given to the judgment of the High Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li709\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12861230\charrsid12861230 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1\insrsid15609054 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8083424\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15609054 The Petitioner is to pay costs of $12,000 to the First Respondent.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid662135\charrsid662135   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11343823\charrsid662135 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-426\li1560\ri0\widctlpar\tx1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid11343823 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11343823 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1465828 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx8080\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11343823\charrsid4471150 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3935223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\b\f0\fs24\insrsid662135 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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