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\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 IMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 :\tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553 (1)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid11234553 THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553 \tab \tab \tab (2)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid11234553 SULEIMAN ABUSAIDOVICH KERIMOV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 :\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid869737 Mr F. Haniff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 for the Petitioner
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid869737 Ms J. Prasad }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9464 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 \tab :\tab \tab The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 of the Supreme Court 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith
\par Judge of the Supreme Court 
\par 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 Madan Lokur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6309541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 12}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706  April, 2023\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6309541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11234553\charrsid15744706 :\tab 28 April, 2023         
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid14056951 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid11234553\charrsid12022877 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5273213\charrsid14056951 Gates J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13306165\charrsid14056951 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13306165\charrsid11234553 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306165\charrsid11234553 I have had the advantage of reading Keith J\rquote 
s judgment in draft.  I agree with it, and with its reasons and orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14056951 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7283482\charrsid14056951 Keith J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7283482\charrsid11234553 Introduction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1190262\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5382881\charrsid11234553 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553 n 1 March 2022, President Biden }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5382881\charrsid11234553 gave his State of the Union Address.  In it, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553 said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid14056951 \'93
The United States Department of Justice is assembling a dedicated task force to go after the crimes of the Russian oligarchs.
\par We\rquote re joining with European Allies to find and seize their yachts, their luxury apartments, their private jets.  We\rquote re coming for your ill-begotten gains.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553 
These remarks heralded part of the response of the United States to what has been perceived in the West to have been Russia\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8267860\charrsid11234553 s unprovoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8267860\charrsid11234553 military }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425\charrsid11234553 invasion of Ukraine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8267860\charrsid11234553   On the following day, the Attorney General of the United States announced the creation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2647452\charrsid11234553 
a dedicated task force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8267860\charrsid11234553 .  Its mission, he said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553 was \'93to investigate, arrest and prosecut
e those whose criminal acts enable the Russian government to continue this unjust war\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2647452\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, press release, 2 March 2022.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553   H}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 owever, he added that that on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2647452\charrsid11234553 e of the functions of the task f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 orce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553  would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8267860\charrsid11234553 
the seizure of the assets of those people who violated the sanctions which had been imposed by the United Sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553 tes \'93for prior instances of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 Russian aggression}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 
.  This case concerns the seizure of one su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2647452\charrsid11234553 ch asset at the request of the task f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 orce}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553  pursuant to that initiative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 [3]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1190262\charrsid11234553 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 asset is a yacht, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553 .  It was berthed at Lautoka.  The United States claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553  that it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 beneficially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10835745\charrsid11234553 owned by Suleiman}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553  Kerimov, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 fabulously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 
wealthy Russian citizen, who has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553  been the subject of sanctions by the United States since 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 A court in the United States ordered its seizure, and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 he United States\rquote  authorities sought}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553  Fiji\rquote s assistance to enable that order to be complied with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 The High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553 
, and in due course the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 sail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 ed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 to the United States.  An appeal a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553 gainst the registration in Fiji of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553  order was dismissed by the Co
urt of Appeal.  The application for leave to appeal which is now before the Supreme Court challenges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3954857\charrsid11234553  the legality of that registration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1190262\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 The petitioners, Millemarin Investments Ltd (\'93Millemarin\'94),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553  the registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553  owners of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553  Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 , claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553 among other things }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002375\charrsid11234553 at Mr Kerimov is not t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553 he beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002375\charrsid11234553 
, but that its real beneficial owner is Eduard Khudaynatov, another Russian citizen who is not the subject of sanctions by the United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 The request for assistance and its background}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2391268\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1190262\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2647452\charrsid11234553 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3414247\charrsid11234553 Mr Kerimov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12077478\charrsid11234553 .  Mr Keri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3414247\charrsid11234553 mov is an official of the Government of the Russian Federation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553  (to give Russia its full name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3414247\charrsid11234553 ) and a member of the Russian Federation Council. He was alleged to have \'93
played a key role in advancing Russia's malign activities\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553   As a result, on 6 April 2018 he was sanctioned by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553 Department of the Treasury\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 Office of Foreign Assets Control, and added to the Special Designated National}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12077478\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553  List.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12077478 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 
   The authority for sanctioning people like Mr Kerimov was the Countering America\rquote s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, which was enacted pursuant to Executive Order 13661.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3414247\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553  The consequence of being sanctioned was that those of his assets which 
are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are frozen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12077478 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    These facts are taken from the United States\rquote  Supplemental Request to the Government of Fiji for assistance.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3414247\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8338924\charrsid11234553 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14056951 \tab 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553  Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1859770\charrsid11234553 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553   The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553 
 is a 106 metre }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9185228\charrsid11234553 superyacht.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553 There is no di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553 rect evidence about its value}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580309\charrsid11234553  or how much it was purchased for, but it is plainly an extremely valuable commodity.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 There is evidence that its annual running costs are between US$25 and $30 million.  There is no evidence when it first arrived in Fiji\rquote s territorial waters, but by 12 Ap
ril 2022 it was berthed at Lautoka.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8338924\charrsid11234553 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 
 for the seizure of the Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 
.  On 13 April 2022, Magistrate Judge G Michael Harvey of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia issued a warrant for the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8338924\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14509871 e warrant is at pages 1,570-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 
1,571 of vol 4 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277381\charrsid11234553 
The application to the court had requested that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3277381\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277381\charrsid11234553  \'93be seized as subject to forfeiture
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553 \'94 in the United States.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 
The application for the warrant had been supported by an affidavit sworn by Timothy Bergen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553 , a special agent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553  of the Federal Bureau of Inve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083986\charrsid11234553 stigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829425 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873\charrsid2760873 [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 The r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553 equest for assistance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553   On 13 April 2022, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553 the Criminal Division of the United States\rquote  Department of Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 sent an urgent request }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553 for assistance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 to the appropriate authority in Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8338924\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    The request is at pages 1,554-1,568 of vol 4 of the Record
 of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid11234553   It stated that it was being made pursuant to Arts 13 and 18 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2107402\charrsid11234553 the Convention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid11234553 \'94) to which both the United States and Fiji are parties.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 The request was for ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 fect to be given to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 warrant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 for the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553  by detaining it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid11234553 
to prevent its transfer, sale, or other encumbrance or dissipation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 as a preliminary step to forfeiture under US law\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8338924\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Page 2 of the request.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid11234553  stated that the request}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553  was being made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12320980\charrsid2760873 \'93 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid2760873 for the purpose of investigating and prosecuting conduct required to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2107402\charrsid2760873  be criminalized under the [Convention]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid2760873 , namely, participation in an organized criminal group and conspiracy to commit a serious crime to obtain a financial benefit and to launder the proceeds of crime, under Articles 5 and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2107402\charrsid2760873 6 of the [Convention]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid2760873 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15482083\charrsid2760873 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Page 1 of the request.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9070910\charrsid2760873  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511258 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2760873\charrsid2760873 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553 The request stated that it was based on the \'93
belief\'94 on the part of the U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5382881\charrsid11234553 nited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5382881\charrsid11234553 tates\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553  authorities that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553  was \'93beneficially owned\'94 by Mr Kerimov, who was alleged to have \'93violated US criminal laws, including violating US sanctions\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Page 2 of the request.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 The legal framework}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9070910\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2107402\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2107402\charrsid11234553 The relevant articles of the Convention}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2107402\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2107402\charrsid11234553  Art 13 is headed \'93
International cooperation for purposes of confiscation\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid11234553 .  Its focus is on the confiscation of property, not its seizure.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7821789\charrsid11234553 Section 13.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid11234553  provides, so far as is material:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10819280\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873 \'93
A State Party that has received a request from another State Party \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid2760873  for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873  confiscation of \'85
 property shall, to the greatest extent possible within its domestic legal system:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-403\li1843\ri1440\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin1440\lin1843\itap0\pararsid6309541\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873  Submit the request to its competent authorities for the purpose of obtaini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid2760873 ng an order of confiscation and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873 , if such an order is granted, give effect to it; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri1440\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin1440\lin1800\itap0\pararsid6309541\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid2760873 
Submit to its competent authorities, with a view to giving effect to it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7345913\charrsid2760873  to the extent requested, 
an order of confiscation issued by a court in the territory of the requesting State Party \'85
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7345913\charrsid11234553 However, Art 13 also provided for assistance where confiscation of the property was the ultimate goal of the requesting state, and no order for confiscation had yet been made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7821789\charrsid11234553  That is the effect of Art 13.2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7345913\charrsid11234553 , the material parts of which read:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7345913\charrsid16197549 \'93Following a request by another State Party 
\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7345913\charrsid16197549   the requested State Party shall take measures to identify, trace and freeze or seize \'85 property \'85
 for the purpose of eventual confiscation to be ordered either by the requesting State Party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7821789\charrsid16197549 
or, pursuant to a request under paragraph 1 of this article, by the requested State Party.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7109209\charrsid16197549 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7821789\charrsid11234553 
Art 18 of the Convention was the other source of the authority for the United States\rquote  request for assistance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15928182\charrsid11234553   Its title is \'93Mutual legal assistance\'94.  In Art
 18.3, it set out the purposes for which mutual legal assistance may be requested and afforded.  They included \'93[e]xecuting searches and seizures, and freezing\'94 and \'93[a]ny \'85
 type of assistance that is not contrary to the domestic law of the requested State Party\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7821789 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760873 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 The legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553  in Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10511258\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11824183\charrsid11234553 The enactment in Fiji which governs how and when Fiji should provide legal assistance to a foreign state is the Mutual Assistance in Criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553  Matters Act 1997 (\'93MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11824183\charrsid11234553 \'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553   It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553  enacted before the promulgation of the Conven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15928182\charrsid11234553 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 ion, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553 and constituted Fiji\rquote s response to the United Nations Model Treaty on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553 which urged \'93all states to strengthen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553 further international co-operation and mutual assistance in criminal justice\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Resolution 45/117 of the General Assembly passed on 14 December 1990. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060014\charrsid11234553   MACMA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15928182\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15928182\charrsid11234553 
represents the domestic implementati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid11234553 on in Fiji of Fiji\rquote s obligations under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15928182\charrsid11234553 Convention.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6257564\charrsid11234553   The core provisions for present purposes are section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6257564\charrsid11234553  31(2) and (3), which provide:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-687\li2127\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2127\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257564\charrsid16197549 \'93
(2)   Where a foreign country requests the At
torney-General to make arrangements for the enforcement of a foreign restraining order, made in respect of a serious offence, against property that is believed to be in Fiji, the Attorney-General may authorize the Director of Public Prosecutions, in writi
ng, to apply for the registra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid16197549 tion of the order in the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2514664\charrsid16197549  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6257564\charrsid16197549 
\par (3)     Where the Director of Public Prosecutions applies to the Court for registration of a foreign order under this section, the court may register the order.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid16197549 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553 A \'93serious offence\'94 is defi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10040115\charrsid11234553 ned in section 3 of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553 , so far as is material, as one \'93for which the maximum penalty prescribed by law is 
\'85 imprisonment for not less than 6 months\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10040115\charrsid11234553   The effect of the registration of the foreign restraining order was provided for by section 31(6), which provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10040115\charrsid16197549 \'93
A foreign restraining order registered in the court under this section has effect, and may be enforced, as if it were a restraining order made by the court under the Proceeds of Crime Act 1997 at the time of registration.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid11234553 Millemarin contends that the warrant issued by the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 United States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid11234553 District Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 urt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid11234553 was not a \'93foreign restraining order\'94
, and that therefore sections 31(2) and (3), pursuant to which the registration of the warrant was sought and made, did not apply.  The success of that cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 ention depends on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid11234553 the definition of \'93foreign restraining ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10040115\charrsid11234553 er\'94 in section 3 of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553 .  It means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid1709889 \'93
an order, made under the law of a foreign country, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1455888\charrsid1709889 restraining a person, or persons, from dealing with property, being an order made in respect of an
 offence against the law of that foreign country\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10780324\charrsid1709889 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16197549 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257584\charrsid11234553 
In view of one of the arguments advanced on behalf of Millemarin, it is nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15665083\charrsid11234553 essary to identify some of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12257584\charrsid11234553 provisions of the Proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553 s of Crime Act 1997 (\'93POCA\'94).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15665083\charrsid11234553 Millemarin\rquote s legal team rely on s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 ection 19B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553 (1) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553 of POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 , which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13835234\charrsid11234553  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 provides that a restraining order is one which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553 
 prohibits any person from disposing of, or dealing with,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553 such property as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid1709889 \'93
the court is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the property is tainted property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid1709889  \'85 for which a forfeiture order may be made under section 19E
\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 except in the manner specified in the order.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553 Tainted p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 roperty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7212419\charrsid11234553 
 is defined in section 3 of POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 , in relation to a foreign serious offence, as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3169878\charrsid1709889 \'93(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid1709889  property used in, or in connection with, the commission of the offence; (b) property intended to be used in, or in connection with, the commission of the offence; (c) proceeds of crime.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 A foreign serious offence is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6430959\charrsid11234553 defined in section 3 of POCA as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257584\charrsid11234553 \'93a serious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 offence again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12257584\charrsid11234553 st the law of a foreign country\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107689\charrsid11234553 .

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6430959\charrsid11234553 The course of the proceedings
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 The commencement of the proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3307519\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2233412\charrsid11234553 
By a letter dated 18 April 2022, the Attorney-General duly authorized the Director of Public Prosecutions, as required by section 31(2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1976876\charrsid11234553 , to apply to the High Court for the registration of the warrant issued by the United States District Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15482083\charrsid11234553 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14509871    Pages 1,440-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 1,441 of vol 4 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1976876\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 The proceedings were commenced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6430959\charrsid11234553  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1976876\charrsid11234553 on the following day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 
 by the filing in the High Court by the Director of Public Prosecutions of an originating summons seeking the registrati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1976876\charrsid11234553 on of the warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 .  The same day an application was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 ex parte for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553 
an injunction to prevent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553  from leaving Fiji\rquote 
s territorial waters until the application to register the warrant had been determined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12863197\charrsid11234553 
  The affidavit in support exhibited, amongst other things, the warrant and the request for assistance.  The application was heard by Amaratunga J.  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553  granted the application.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553   Only Mr Kerimov had been named as a respondent in the summons, and within a day or so, Millemarin had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 successfully }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553 applied to be joined as a second respondent on the basis of its claim to be the registered owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10185318\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11435831\charrsid11234553 
  Mr Kerimov has taken no part in these proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2233412\charrsid11234553 The evidence in the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6178829\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2233412\charrsid11234553   The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293536\charrsid11234553 summons for the registration of the warrant was supported by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11435831\charrsid11234553 a lengthy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2233412\charrsid11234553  affidavit sworn by M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293536\charrsid11234553 r Bergen}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553  on 22 April 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293536\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Pages 1,443-1,546 of vol 4 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7293536\charrsid11234553   We have been told that it was in substantially the same form as the affidavit he had sworn for the application for the warrant, thoug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553 
h we have not seen a copy of that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553 affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7293536\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553   Broadly speaking, Mr Bergen\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5333612\charrsid11234553 later affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553 addressed two issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553   First, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553 t set out the basis of the belief that, although Millemarin was the registered owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553 , Mr Kerimov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002375\charrsid11234553 
, and not Mr Khudaynatov,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553  wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553 s its beneficial owner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5002375\charrsid11234553   In summary,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553  it alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9185228\charrsid11234553 
that Mr Kerimov became the beneficial owner of the Amadea in or about 2021 when it was sold to Millemarin by a yacht brokerage whose practice was to conceal yacht ownership behin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 
d shell companies and to name }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9185228\charrsid11234553 someone who was not subject t
o sanctions as the beneficial owner behind the shell companies thereby concealing who the true beneficial owner of the yacht is.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 
  Moreover, Mr Khudaynatov had been held out to be the beneficial owner of another superyacht, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 Scheherazade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 which was 
linked to President Putin (who is himself subject to United Stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 
s sanctions).  Mr Bergen contended that the fact that Mr Khudaynatov had been held out as the beneficial owner of two of the largest superyachts on record, both linked to men who were subject
 to United States sanctions, suggested that he was being used to conceal their true beneficial ownership.  Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553  Mr Khudaynatov was a rich man \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13266245\charrsid11234553 he had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 the President of Rosneft, the state-controlled Russian oil company \endash 
 there was no reason to think that he had the resources to purchase two superyachts worth together more than US$1 billion.  In addition, interviews of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 \rquote s crew and emails found on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553  were said to show, among other things, the use made of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 Amadea }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5862066\charrsid11234553 by members of Mr Kerimov\rquote s family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002375\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553 Secondly, sin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 ce section 31(2) of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553  applied only where the foreign restraining order had been made in respect of a \'93serious offence\'94, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1908454\charrsid11234553 Mr Bergen\rquote s affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14572858\charrsid11234553  set out the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4996638\charrsid11234553 serious offences which Mr Kerimov was alleged to have committed, and what the basis of those allegations were.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10439226\charrsid11234553 
  In summary, it was contended that many large payments had been made towards the running costs of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10439226\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10439226\charrsid11234553  since Mr Kerimov became its beneficial owner.  None of these payments had been licenced under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1908454\charrsid11234553 United States\rquote 
 statutory sanctions regime.  These payments were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1928905\charrsid11234553 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1908454\charrsid11234553 
alleged to amount to violations of the In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1928905\charrsid11234553 ternational Emergency Economic P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1908454\charrsid11234553 
owers Act of 1977 and the statute criminalizing money laundering and related conspiracies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553   Money laund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553 ering is an offence in Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553  for which the maximum penalty is 20 years\rquote  imprisonment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1928905\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Section 69 of POCA.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12257584\charrsid11234553 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 
In the interests of completeness, I should add that an affidavit in opposition to the application for the registration of the warrant was filed on behalf of Millemarin.  It was sworn by a member of Millemarin\rquote s legal team on 25 April 2022.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6360090\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 
   Pages 1,037-1,435 of vol 4 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 
  It exhibited a large number of documents which were said to show that Mr Kerimov was not the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 , but that Mr Khudaynatov was.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1908454\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 The judgment of the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4674233\charrsid11234553 
.  The application for the registration of the warrant was heard by Amaratunga J.  His judgment was handed down on 3 May 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 He ordered that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671346\charrsid11234553 e warrant be registered in the High C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 
ourt.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8603352\charrsid11234553  arguments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 advanced to Amaratunga J in the written submissions filed on behalf of Millemarin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8603352\charrsid11234553 which are relevant for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2956652\charrsid11234553 present purposes were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553  that there was no evidence that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553  was tainted property within the meaning of POCA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 that there was \'93clear evidence\'94 that Mr Kerimov was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12851625\charrsid11234553 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 
, but that if the court decided to order the registration of the warrant, it should also order that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553  should remain in Fiji.  Amaratunga J found that the warrant amounted to a \'93foreign restraining order\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 He held
 that section 19B(1) of POCA, to the extent that it related to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553  the enfor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 
cement of a restraining order made under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553  POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 , was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553  irrelevant because the only issue he had to address was the registration of the warrant, not the enforcement of such order as he made for the registration of the warrant.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 He did not specifically address the arguments over whether Mr Kerimov was indeed the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 or whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553  was tainted property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553  no doubt because he th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352288\charrsid11234553 ought that the merits of the case were not to be determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15560335\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 on an application und}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 er section 31(3) of MACMA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 .  Nor, having ordered the registration of the warrant, did he specifically address the application for an order that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553  should remain in Fiji.  Presumably he thought that all he had to decide was whether the warrant should be registered.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7743467\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 The judgment of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 .  Millemarin\rquote s appeal to the Court of Appeal was heard by Basnayake, Lecamwasam and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4992774\charrsid11234553 Guneratne JJA on 18 May 2022.  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 udgment was handed down on 27 May 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12851625\charrsid11234553   There were no individual judgments from the judges, and their judgment was therefore the judgment of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352288\charrsid11234553 
  They dismissed the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553  with no order as to the costs of the appeal, save that they set}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4352288\charrsid11234553 
 aside an order for costs which Amaratunga J had made.  Broadly speaking, although Millemarin\rquote 
s arguments had been slightly refined, the grounds of appeal were the same as those which had been advanced to the High Court in opposition to the registration of the warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 
, save that it was now being argued on Millemarin\rquote s behalf that the warrant for the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553  did not amount to a \'93foreign restraining order\'94 within the mean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 ing of section 3 of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 Like Amaratunga J, the Court of Appeal found that the warrant amounted to a \'93foreign restraining order\'94
.  They held that it was not the function of the courts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 in Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 to review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553  the basis on which a foreign restraining order had been made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 , and it therefore did not address the questions whether }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 there was sufficient evidence that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 Mr Kerimov was the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553  or that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 Amadea }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 amounted to \'93tainted property\'94
 within the meaning of POCA.  Like Amaratunga J, it did not specifically address the application for an order that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553  should remain in Fiji.  Again, I presume that this was because they thought that Amaratunga J\rquote s function had been limited to deciding whether the warrant should be registered. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5123027\charrsid11234553  It is from this judgment that Millemarin now petitions the Supreme Court for leave to appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 
  There is no petition from the Director of Public Prosecutions challenging the orders for costs made by the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Is the appeal academic?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 On one view of the case, this appeal is entire}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 ly academic.  Now that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
 is in the United States, there is little that the courts in Fiji can do to help Millemarin, even if it is found that the registration in Fiji of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553  the warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  was legally flawed.  An}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
 order of the Supreme Court setting aside the registration of the order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553  would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  now }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 been overtaken by subsequent events}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 , provided that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 its seizure was lawful under the law of the United States \endash  as it was because it was seized pursuant to an o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 rder of the United States District Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
.  Once the horse has bolted, there is little point in locking the stable door.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316179 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff for Millemarin argued that this appeal was far from academic.  Although the United States\rquote  authorities claimed that they had sought the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  as a step towards its forfeiture, nothing had been done with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  since it arrived in the United States.  That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 
, he said,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  was because the United States\rquote  authorities were awaiting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 outcome}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  of this appeal.  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 rather }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 doubt that.  I have no reason to doubt Mr Haniff\rquote s assertion that the United States\rquote  authorities have not taken any further steps to obtain an order for the forfeiture of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  while this appeal is pending, but I doubt very much whether they are awaiting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 outcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
 of the appeal.  If the court proceedings in Fiji are indeed the reason why no application for the forfeiture of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553  has yet been made, it will have been because the United States\rquote  authorities are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 simply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 awaiting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553  of the litigation in Fiji}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 , not its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 outcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
. Their future conduct will not be affected by whether or not the order in Fiji for the registration of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553  is set aside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16478752 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16478752 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5273213\charrsid11234553 Although the general rule is that appeals which are academic in the sense that its outcome has no practical effect on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 
what the litigation is all about, there are exceptions to that principle \endash  for instance, where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4460389\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid16478752 \'93 \'85
 there is a good reason in the public interest for [the appeal to be heard], as for example (but only by way of example) when a discrete point of statutory construction arises which does not involve detailed consideration of the facts and where a large nu
mber of similar cases exist or are anticipated so that the issue will most likely need to be resolved in the near future.\'94  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11483314\charrsid16478752 
R v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Salem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid16478752  [1999] 1 AC 450 at page 456, per Lord Slynn)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11483314 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16478752\charrsid16478752 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3174811\charrsid11234553 principle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 has been followed in Fiji \endash  see, for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3174811\charrsid11234553  v Attorney-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 General of Fiji}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553  [1999] FJCA 55 \endash  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3174811\charrsid11234553 which the Court of Appeal said that the general principle was that

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3174811\charrsid16478752 \'93 \'85
 even though the actual issue between the parties may no longer be outstanding, the courts will nevertheless make a decision where there is a practical advantage in doing so, or where the issue is one of general public interest.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16478752 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3174811\charrsid11234553 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16478752 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1588276\charrsid11234553 he public are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14770599\charrsid11234553 , of course,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1588276\charrsid11234553 
 interested in the superyachts of Russian oligarchs.  However, that is to confuse the public interest with what is of interest to the public, and a surer basis for allowing the appeal to be heard is that the proper construction of the definition of \'93
foreign restraining order\'94
 in section 3 of MACMA is an issue which could well come up again, and the High Court needs authoritative guidance on how the definition should be applied.  For that reason, I have concluded that it is appropriate for the appeal to be d
etermined on its merits.      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3174811\charrsid11234553       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11483314\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553 Was the warrant a \'93foreign restraining order\'94
?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031316 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031316 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9438469\charrsid11234553 
Mr Haniff highlighted the differences between an order for the seizure of property, and an order restraining anyone from dealing with it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 The warrant issued by the Un
ited States District Court was for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 seizure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553   It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9438469\charrsid11234553 , Mr Haniff contended,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  an order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  in rem.  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 In other words, it was directed at property, not against anyone.  Indeed, it was a mandatory order.  It was addressed to \'93[a]ny authorized law enforcement officer\'94, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  the officer to seize the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 
 by 27 April 2022.   An order for the seizure of property is a highly invasive order.  It involves the forcible removal of the property from where the property is.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031316 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15031316 4]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Such an order is to be distinguished from a restraining order in two respects.  First, a restraining order is not an order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 in rem}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 .  AIthough it can relate to property, it is an order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 in personam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 .  In other words, it is directed at anyone, whether corporate or individual, restraining them from doing something \endash  in this case, restraining them from dealing with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 
.  Secondly, a restraining order is not a mandatory order.  It does not require anyone to do something (unless you say that it requires someone to refrain from doing something).  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 prohibits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  anyone from doing something \endash  in this case, from dealing with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 
.  To the extent that it relates to property, it is a far less invasive order than an order for the seizure of property.  It merely prevents the property from being dealt with.  The core point advanced on behalf of Millemarin is that the mandatory order }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 in rem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  of the United States District Court requiring an authorized officer to seize the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  cannot be equated with a prohibitory order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 in personam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  restraining anyone from dealing with it.  They are two different legal animals \endash 
 as different as chalk and cheese.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553   For this reason, the order of the United States District Court could not amount to a \'93foreign restraining order\'94 within the m
eaning of section 3 of MACMA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553   This argument represented the first of three sets of grounds of appeal advanced on Millemarin\rquote s behalf.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 Amaratunga J and the Court of Appeal did not regard these difference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  as preventing the warrant from amounting to a foreign restraining order.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
Amaratunga J dealt with the issue in paras 34-38 of his judgment.  For him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 , the key point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
 was that the warrant had required the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553  to be seized \'93as subject to forfeiture\'94
, and that the request for assistance stated that its seizure was sought \'93as a preliminary step to forfeiture under US law\'94.  That preliminary step was to prevent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553  from being dealt with in the meantime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 Indeed, the request for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553  assistance spelled that out: t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
he seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 , it said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15401041\charrsid11234553 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553  was \'93to prevent its transfer, sale, encumbrance or other disposition\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 Amaratunga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890279\charrsid11234553 J }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 went on to conclude that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 since the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 purpose}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553  of the order for the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553  was to prevent it from being dealt with, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 the order for its seizure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 amounted to an order restraining it from being dealt with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1928905\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 On one view, it might be said that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553  did not have to be seized to prevent it from being dealt with until a
 court in the United States determined whether it should be forfeited.  All that was needed was an order preventing it from being dealt with in the meantime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3234195\charrsid11234553 
  But that is to ignore the reality of the situation.  Sometimes an order preventing property from being dealt with may be insufficient.  Something more is required to ensure that it is not dealt with, and seizure may be the only practical way of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12936436\charrsid11234553  ensuring compliance with an order that it may not be dealt with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7684920 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 The Court of Appeal approached the question differently.  It thought that it should look at the principles for interpreting internati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553 
onal conventions, even though neither party had suggested that this might be appropriate.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2907882\charrsid11234553 I do not understand why the Court thought that it was necessary to 
do that: the Court was not having to interpret any of the provisions in the Convention.  It was having to interpret a provision in domestic legislation.  Be that as it may, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13651289\charrsid11234553 
aving identified those principles by reference }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553 to some English authorities (none of which were cited to the Court), and having repeated the definition of \'93
foreign restraining ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7880491\charrsid11234553 er\'94 in section 3 of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553 , the Court said at para 25:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11487269 \'93
Reading that section, we were persuaded to agree with the DPP\rquote s submission that, although the US order \'85 on the face of it was a \lquote seizure order subject to forfeiture\rquote , nevertheless, in substance, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9438469\charrsid11487269  satisfied the definition of a \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11487269 foreign restraining order\rquote .\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553 The Court did not explain why}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553  it came to that conclusion, but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553  the words \'93in substance\'94 suggest that wh
at it had in mind was that an order for the seizure of property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553 amounted to an order restraining the property from being dealt with because one of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553 effects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553  was to prevent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955255\charrsid11234553 
 it from being dealt with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12936436\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15694103\charrsid11234553 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2907882\charrsid11234553 Some assistance can be derived from authorities in other jurisdictions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553 Amaratunga J\rquote s view differed from the approach of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553  Supreme Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553 Victoria in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11808464\charrsid11234553 Director of Public Prosecutions (Commonwealth) v Peniche}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11808464\charrsid11234553  [1999] VSC 288.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 legislation governing mutual assistance in Austr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1780861\charrsid11234553 alia was similar to MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 
.  It permitted the Attorney General to authorize the Director of Public Prosecutions to apply to the court for the registration of a foreign restraining order, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 
 was defined in the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553 way }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 as a \'93foreign restraining order\'94 is defined in Fiji.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11808464\charrsid11234553 
order which the Supreme Court of Victoria was being asked to register was an order made in Mexico for the seizure of various documents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 
  Mandie J held at para 9 of his judgment that this was not a foreign restraining order within the meaning of the legislation \'93because it does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 in terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553  restrain a particular person or all persons from dealing with any property\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526351\charrsid11234553  (emphasis supplied)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553 .  He went on to say:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11487269 \'9310}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11487269 .     I accept that an order that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11487269  property b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11487269 
e seized may have the consequence, by controlling possession, that it is more difficult for persons to deal with that property but clearly there is a real distinction between an order calling on [the] appropriate authority to seize property and 
an order directly restraining a particular person or all persons from dealing with the property.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11487269 
11.     The concept of restraining a person from dealing with property is not as such concerned with obtaining the physical possession of property but rather w
ith the disposition of the property or any interest in the property.  Undoubtedly, the purpose of the law is to assist in the enforcement of foreign legislation in the criminal law area and undoubtedly the seizure of property is one way of preventing pers
ons from dealing with that property or effectively dealing with it.  But it seems to me that one cannot utilise either the purpose of the seizure order or the purpose of the legislation as a whole to extend what is otherwise a clear definition.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11487269   (Emphasis supplied)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11487269  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890279\charrsid11234553 The Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Victoria dismissed an appeal from Mandie J\rquote s decision \'93for the reasons which he gave\'94: [2000] VSCA 40.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526351\charrsid11234553 Two things emerge from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3890279\charrsid11234553 Mandie J\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526351\charrsid11234553 judgment.  First, he treated the language of the order as decisive.  The fact that the order did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16526351\charrsid11234553 in terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526351\charrsid11234553 restrain anyone from dealing with the property was for him crucial.  Secondly, his }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3890279\charrsid11234553 view was that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11234553  did not follow that because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11234553 an order for seizure of property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 is to prevent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11234553  the property from being dealt wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid540508\charrsid11234553 th, such an order could properly be described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid540508\charrsid11234553 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1324368\charrsid11234553  an order preventing the property from being dealt with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553 
  By parity of reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 , he would no doubt have said \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553  unlike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid748613\charrsid11234553  in Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553  \endash 
 that it did not follow that because one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 effects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 
 of an order for the seizure of property is to prevent the property from being dealt with, such an order could properly be described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16325262\charrsid11234553  an order preventing the property from being dealt with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553 
The judgments of the courts in Victoria prompted a swift legislative response.  The term \'93foreign restraining order\'94 now includes orders expressed as orders for the seizure of property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11411481 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    Schedule 2 to the Crimes Amendment (Forensic Procedures) Act 2001.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553   Had Fiji followed that route, this point would no longer have been available to Millemarin.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487269 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 The Supreme Court of New Zealand took a very different approach to the issue in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 Bujak v The Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553  [2009] NZSC 42.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553   It had to consider the effect of the definition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553  of \'93foreign restraining order\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11234553  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411481\charrsid11234553 
section 2 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992, which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11234553 New Zealand\rquote s legislation governing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 mutual assi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1530555\charrsid11234553 tance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553   Although there were differences between the definition in New Zealand\rquote s legi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1780861\charrsid11234553 slation and that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9438469\charrsid11234553  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1780861\charrsid11234553  MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553 , the core part of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11234553  the definition is to the same effect.  The term \'93foreign restraining order\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11234553  means }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11487269 \'93an order \'85
 made under the law of a foreign country}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11487269  \'85 in respect of \'85 [p]roperty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11487269  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11487269 that is or may be tainted property in respect of an offence against the law of that country \'85 [t]hat restrains a particular person, or all persons, from dealing with property\'94.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11234553 
In that case, the Court was considering an order made by a court in Poland. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2907882\charrsid11234553  In giving the judgment of the Court, Wilson J described the order of the Polish Court in para 2
0 of his judgment as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2907882\charrsid11487269 \'93
The Polish Order recorded that the Court had granted an application by the prosecutor \lquote to impose security on property\rquote  \lquote to secure the fine\rquote  to which the appellant was \lquote likely to be sentenced\rquote  and \lquote 
claims for repairing property damages\rquote  by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15104344\charrsid11487269  \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2907882\charrsid11487269 seizure\rquote 
 of funds in domestic and foreign bank accounts of the appellant and companies in which he is a shareholder, the \lquote seizure\rquote  of other property of the appellant and the imposition of a \lquote compulsory mortgage\rquote  on real estate own
ed by the appellant outside Poland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15104344\charrsid11487269 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12412939\charrsid11487269  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16141183\charrsid11487269  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11487269  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5197582\charrsid11487269 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5197582\charrsid11234553    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5197582\charrsid11234553 Having described the order made in Poland, Wilson J went on in para 21 to address }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5197582\charrsid11234553 its effect:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5197582\charrsid11353226 \'93
When the Polish Order is looked at as a whole, its intended purpose appears to be the taking of security to 
ensure that the property thus secured will be available in due course, if required, to satisfy any final orders for penalty, reparation or forfeiture which may be made.  The reference in the order to the \lquote seizure\rquote 
 of the property is, in context, to seizure to provide security rather than to seizure by way of confiscation.  The reference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13920040\charrsid11353226  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11353226 
in the order to the taking of a mortgage over real property, rather than the forced sale of the property, confirms that the purpose of the Polish Order was to obtain security.  The Polish Order therefore operated in very much the same way as a restraining
 order made in a New Zealand court under section 42 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 1991 directing that property is \lquote not to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with by any person except as provided in the order\rquote .\'94 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11234553 Finally, Wilson J addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11761471\charrsid11234553 Peniche}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16194705\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11234553  In para 23, he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid540508\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11353226 \'93To the extent that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11761471\charrsid11353226 Peniche}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11353226 
 is authority for the proposition that an order which refers to the seizure of property cannot be a foreign restraining order for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11353226 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11761471\charrsid11353226 urposes of the Act, it should not be followed in this country.  The substance of the order, rather than the specifi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11353226 
c words which may appear within it, should determine whether or not it constitutes a foreign restraining order.  Looking at the Polish Order as a whole, it is directed to the restraint rather than the seizure of the appellant\rquote s property.  \'85
  The Polish Order therefore qualifies as a foreign restraining order.\'94  (E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11234553 mphasis supplied)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11234553 The words italicized represent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11234553 ratio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11889356\charrsid11234553  of the Court\rquote 
s decision, and the following sentence reflects the application of that principle to the order which the Court was addressing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1780861\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553  argued that the Polish order in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553 Buzak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553 
 was partly a restraining order and partly something else \endash  an order for security}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10505149\charrsid11234553  and seizure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553  \endash  and that what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238553\charrsid11234553 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15024321\charrsid11234553 
Supreme Court of New Zealand held was that such an order can be registered and take effect only to the ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10505149\charrsid11234553 
tent that it was a restraining order.  If the foreign order contained anything beyond a restraining order, it should be ignored to the extent that it contained something else.  He called that the \'93pick and mix\'94
 approach.  For my part, I do not think that that was what the Supreme Court of New Zealand was doing.  It acknowledged that the Polish order provided for the seizure of Mr Buzak\rquote 
s funds and other property.  However, it held that the order was nevertheless a restraining order because the seizure was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13204868\charrsid11234553 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10505149\charrsid11234553 to ensure that there were assets available as security for the payment of the fine which Mr Buzak was l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13204868\charrsid11234553 
ikely to be ordered to pay.  It did not think that the Polish order was partly a restraining order and partly something else.  It thought that the whole of the order was a restraining order, even though it provided for the seizure of funds and prope
rty, because the purpose of ordering seizure was to secure Mr Buzak\rquote s assets to ensure t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238553\charrsid11234553 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13204868\charrsid11234553 
at his imminent fine would be paid.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204868\charrsid11234553 I regard the reasoning of the Supreme Court of New Zealand as convincing.  Courts in foreign jurisdictions \endash  even those like the United States which operate a broadly similar legal system to Fiji\rquote 
s when it comes to the application of the common law \endash  often express themselves in language which is different from ours.  It is therefore necessary to go behind the language and see what the court is driving at.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 Accordingly, if the language which the court used was that of seizure, you should look beyond the language to see what the seizure was being ordered for.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11353226 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 When looked in that light, the warrant issued by the United States District Court is quite clear.  It ordered the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 Amadea}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13204868\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 because it was \'93subject to forfeiture\'94
.  No order for its forfeiture had been made, and so the District Court was ordering its seizure so that, if an order for forfeiture was eventually made, it would not have been disposed of in the meantime.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid463848\charrsid11234553 That is why it operated, to adapt the language used by Wilson J to the legal landscape in Fiji, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553 as a restraining order under sectio
n 19B of POCA \'93prohibiting any person from disposing of, or dealing with, property \'85 except in the manner specified in the order\'94.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 
hat this was the basis on which its seizure was sought becomes even plainer from the request for assistance, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10505149\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid607884\charrsid11234553 sought its seizure \'93to prevent its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 
transfer, sale, or other encumbrance or dissipation, as a preliminary step to forfeiture under US law\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463848\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553 For that reason, I have concluded that the warrant issued by the District Court was a \'93foreign restraining order\'94 within the meaning of section 3 of the 1997 Act.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1716044 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1716044 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553 In the interests of completeness, I should add that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238553\charrsid11234553 
 do not disagree with Mr Haniff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 \rquote s argument that an order for seizure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463848\charrsid11234553 different}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553  from a restraining order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553 
, though I cannot accept the distinction he drew between orders }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553 in rem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553  and orders }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553 in personam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2055147\charrsid11234553   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10768542\charrsid11234553 Both an order for seizure and a restraining order require people to do something or to refrain from doing something.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2055147\charrsid11234553 However, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553 he flaw in his reliance on the differences between the two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553  is that although the ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553 er of the District Court provided for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553  the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553  (just as the Polish order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1864264\charrsid11234553  provided for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463848\charrsid11234553  the seizure of Mr Buzak\rquote 
s funds and property), the order was sought for a purpose which made it a restraining order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5899320\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1716044 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1716044 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5899320\charrsid11234553 There is another reason why I am sure that the warrant issued by the United States District Court was a \'93foreign restraining order\'94
 within section 3 of MACMA.  It will be recalled that section 31(6) of MACMA provides that once the foreign restraining order has been registered in Fiji, its effect is as if it had been a restraining order made by the court under POCA.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid11234553 he effect of such an order is s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5899320\charrsid11234553 et out in regulations made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid11234553  under section 77(1) of POCA, namely the Proceeds of Crime (Management and Disposal of Property) Regulations 2012 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid11234553 the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid11234553  Regulations\'94).  Reg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid11234553 ulation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid11234553 s 4(1) and 4(2) provide, so far as is material:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid2838387 \'93(1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2838387\charrsid2838387 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid2838387 Any property that has been restrained \'85 shall immediately become the responsibility of the Attorney-General.

\par (2)   The Attorney-General has responsibility for the control and management of property that is subject to a restraining order.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5899320\charrsid2838387   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13663712\charrsid2838387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid11234553 
Where the restraining order is a foreign restraining order, the Regulations identify what the Attorney-General can do with the property to which the order relates.  Regulation 11 of the Regulations provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid463848\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid2838387 \'93(1)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid2838387 The competent authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid2838387  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid2838387 may enter into an agreement for the control and management of property restrained 
under a registered foreign restraining order with the foreign competent authority who is required under that order to take control of the property.
\par (2)  The competent authority may perform, in accordance with an agreement referred to in subregulation (1), 
the same functions in relation to property restrained under a registered foreign restraining order as the person who is required under that order to take control of the property.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13116280\charrsid11234553 The effect of these provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10052185\charrsid11234553 
is that once a foreign restraining order has been made, responsibility for what happens to the property to which the order relates is vested exclusively in the Attorney-General.  He alone decides what should be done with the property.  He does not have to
 hand it over to the appropriate authorities of the country in which the original order was made.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 may, of course, come to an agreement with the United States\rquote 
 authorities for the return of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553  to the United States, but it was just as open to him 
to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10052185\charrsid11234553 decide that it should be kept in Fiji for the time being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553  \endash 
 for example, until such time as the courts in the United States ordered its forfeiture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10052185\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 
  The important point for present purposes is that although the warrant issued by the United States District Court required the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 
, the effect of the registration of that warrant in Fiji was not that it could be seized.  The effect of registration was that it would now be under the control and management of the Attorney-General who would deci
de what to do with it.  Since that was the effect of the registration of the warrant \endash  despite the warrant requiring the seizure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553  \endash  all the more reason for not treating the literal language of the warrant as decisive. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 The function of the High Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 
Amaratunga J did not address two issues which Mr Haniff argued he was required to address: whether Mr Kerimov was indeed the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 , and whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11087849\charrsid11234553 
 was tainted property within the meaning of section 3 of POCA.  His unwillingness to address those issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 is said to render his order that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 warrant issued by the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 istrict Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 be registered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 legally flawed.  Mr Haniff rhetorically asked: h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 ow could the High Court properly register a warrant for the seizure of property without some inquiry as to whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 
facts justified the issue of the warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553   W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 hether Mr Kerimov was the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 and whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  was tainted property, were both critical issues.  If Mr Kerimov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553  was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  the beneficial owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 , and if the true beneficial owner was someone who was not subject to United States\rquote  sanctions, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553  could not be tainted property because payments made for its running costs would not have had to be licensed under 
the United States\rquote  statutory sanctions regime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553   This argument represented the second set of grounds of appeal advanced on behalf of Millemarin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8459350\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff\rquote s written submissions did not address the level of scrutiny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553  with which the court had to address t
hese issues.  Did the court have to be satisfied that Mr Kerimov was indeed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 beneficial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 
owner of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 ?  Or would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722809\charrsid11234553 sufficient for the Court to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 conclude merely that there were good reasons for believing that he was its beneficial owner (a test which equated to \'93probable cause\'94
 in United States jurisprudence)?  Or should the Court\rquote s inquiry be limited to determining whether there was an issue to be tried \endash  for example, a test similar to that used by the courts in Fiji to decide whether to grant a
n interlocutory injunction?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    See }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7295845\charrsid14821134 American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845\charrsid14821134  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 [1975] AC 396.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1848429\charrsid11234553 When these various possibilities were put to him in the course of argument, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6055616\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff accepted that the latter would be the appropriate test, thereby conceding that the level of scrutiny was relatively limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1848429\charrsid11234553 .

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 But why should the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11368674\charrsid11234553  facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 
on which the foreign order was based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11368674\charrsid11234553 
be scrutinized at all?  The inescapable fact is that the United States District Court must be regarded as having scrutinized the facts when it had to decide whether to issue the warrant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1915024\charrsid11234553   It cannot be the function of the High Court in Fiji to conduct a similar exercise to that which the District Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 has already }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1915024\charrsid11234553 carried out.  If it happened to take a different view from that of the District Court, it would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 
in effect be holding itself out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 domestic court of appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 .  Of course, it must not defer to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  a foreign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  court simply becaus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 e the foreign}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  court is in a country far richer and mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 re powerful than Fiji, but if the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  is to be treated as required in effect to address the legality of the or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 der of a foreign}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  court,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553  there would have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 
 to be an expr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 ess requirement to that effect i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 
n the relevant legislation.  There is no such express requirement.  Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034772\charrsid11234553 if the High Court was required to scrutinize the facts on which the foreign order was based, there wo
uld have to be something in MACMA requiring the requesting state to file evidence showing the factual and legal basis on which th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 e for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6034772\charrsid11234553 eign order was made and on which the registration of that order was sought.  There is no such requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 for that either }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034772\charrsid11234553 in MACMA.  I am not surprised.  Such requirements are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 inconsistent with the whole ethos of mutual assistance 
\endash  which is to assist in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  the enforcement of orders made by the courts of a forei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 gn country}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 , and you assume that the cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5333612\charrsid11234553 ts of that foreign country know their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553  business}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034772\charrsid11234553 
  Whether that order should have been made in the first place is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553  not for the courts of Fiji to decide.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff placed con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 si}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 derable reliance on the con}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 luding words in section 31(6) of MACMA \endash  \'93at the time of registration\'94
.  He argued that this showed that the scrutiny which was to be applied to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 
facts on which the foreign order was based had to be carried out when the registration of the foreign order was being considered \endash  in other words, by the Hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 
gh Court when it considered the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 
 application to register the foreign order.  I do not agree.  Section 31(6) is not concerned with whether the courts in Fiji need to scrutinize the facts on which the foreign o
rder was based.  It is concerned with the effect of the registration of the foreign order, and how it is to be enforced, once the order has been registered.  In any event, the words \'93at the time of registration\'94
 relate to the restraining order made under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553  POCA.  In other words, it deals with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 
 the effect of a restraining order made under POCA, and how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553 it would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553  be enforced, if the rest}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553 aining order had been made at the time of the registration o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553 f the foreign order under MACMA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546437\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3434891\charrsid11234553 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2838387 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12665112\charrsid11234553 There is another problem with the argument advanced on behalf of Millemarin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553   Mr Haniff contended that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553  need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 for the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 
to address whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553  is tai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 nted property arose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553  under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 
 section 19B(1) of POCA which provides that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 if a restraining order is to be made against pr
operty, the court has to be satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that it is tainted property.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10241670\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11368674\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 But it is important to note that section 19B(1) only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 
deals with what the court has to be satisfied about before a restraining order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 under POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553  can b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 e made.  The High Court in this case was not concerned with whether a restraining order under POCA could be made.  It was concerned with whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 warrant issued by the District Court qualified for registration in the High Court.  The provisions
 in POCA were only relevant once an order for its registration had been made, and their relevance was limited by section 31(6) of MACMA to the effect of registration and how a foreign restraining order which had been registered was to be enforced.  The pr
ovisions of POCA which were relevant to those issues were the provisions in the Regulations to which I have already referred.  It follows that section 19B(1) of POCA is not relevant at all to whether the warrant issued by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 United States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid11234553 District Court qualified for registration in Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7892511\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 Mr Haniff referred us to the judgment of Hamza J in the High Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 The Director of Public Prosecutions v Chase and ors}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553  [2017] FJHC 156.  In that case, Hamza J ordered that an order of the High Court of New Zealand \endash  which restrained a property in Fiji from being dealt with \endash 
 be registered in Fiji.  In reaching that conclusion, he said that he was satisfied that there were reasonable grounds for suspecting that the property was tainted property.  Mr Haniff made the point that Hamza J had carried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 the very scrutiny which he claimed should have been carried out by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13647720\charrsid11234553  High Court in the present case, albeit at a different level of scrutiny.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [46]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 It is important to understand the route by which Hamza J scrutinized the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5727788\charrsid11234553 
facts on which the original order had been made.  Hamza J understood that the application before him was not just for the registration of the restraining order, but for the High Court to make a restraining order itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5727788\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    See para 7 of Hamza J\rquote s judgment.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5727788\charrsid11234553   Accordingly, he applied the test for making a restraining order set out in section 35(1) of POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13647720\charrsid11234553 
 (the equivalent in Part 3 of POCA of section 19B(1) in Part 2 of POCA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5727788\charrsid11234553 , namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 that \'93
the court is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the property is tainted property\'94.  In other words, he scrutinized the facts on which the original order had been based because he thought that he was dealing with an applicat
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 ion for a restraining order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13647720\charrsid11234553 
 in addition to the application for the registration of the foreign order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 Chase}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 
 is no authority for the proposition that the facts on which a foreign order was based have to be scrutinized for the purpose of determining whether the foreign order should be registered in Fiji. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 For these reasons, I have concluded that there was no need for the High Court to address the two factual issues which Mr Haniff contende}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 d it ought to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553  have addressed.  Subject to one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 
 reservation which I shall come to shortly, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 he High Court\rquote s function was to address only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 
three questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 (i) did the warrant issued by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4676400\charrsid11234553 United States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 
District Court amount to a foreign restraining order; (ii) was the warrant issued in respect of a serious offence; and (iii) was the property to which the warrant related believed to be located in Fiji?  The High Court answere
d these three questions in the affirmative.  It found that the warrant was indeed a foreign restraining order.  It found that it was issued in respect of a serious offence \endash 
 the offence of money laundering which was punishable in Fiji by a maximum term of 20 years\rquote  imprisonment.  And there was no dispute that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553  was believed to be in Fiji.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13768020\charrsid11234553 The one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 
 reservation about all this relates to the language of section 31(3) of MACMA.  That is the provision which gives the High Court the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 power to register a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 foreign restraining order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 .  But the use of that power is not expressed in mandatory terms: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985950\charrsid11234553 it provides only that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 the court \'93may\'94 register the order.  The language used in section 31(3) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 suggest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985950\charrsid11234553 power is a discretionary one \endash  in other words, that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4603586\charrsid11234553 he power need not be exercised if the court chooses not to.  That was, at first blush, a problem for Ms Prasad who appeared for the Director of Public Prosecutions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15165970\charrsid11234553  If the High Court only had to be satisfied about the three matters set out in the previous paragraph, where was there any room for the exercise of any discretion?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9658252\charrsid11234553 This was not a question which Mr Haniff posed, but it was one which had occurred to the Court.  Ms Prasad did not really have an answer to that question whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8985950\charrsid11234553 n the Court put it to her.  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9658252\charrsid11234553 id that not suggest that something more was required of the Court \endash 
 perhaps an inquiry of the kind Mr Haniff was advancing?  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14027160\charrsid11234553 Having considered the matter with care, I think that the problem is more apparent than real.
  Courts over the years have distinguished between conferring a power on a body and requiring the body to exercise that power.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4195668\charrsid11234553 
As Cotton LJ said in the Court of Appeal in England in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4195668\charrsid11234553 Re Baker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4195668\charrsid11234553 
 (1890) 44 Ch D 262 at page 270:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4195668\charrsid4266913 \'93I think that great 
misconception is caused by saying that in some cases \lquote may\rquote  means \lquote must\rquote .  It can never mean \lquote must\rquote 
, so long as the English language retains its meaning; but it gives a power, and then it may be a question in what cases, where a Judge has a power given him by the word \lquote may\rquote , it becomes his duty to exercise it.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14027160\charrsid4266913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4195668 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4266913\charrsid4266913 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4195668\charrsid11234553 
Similar statements can be found in other authorities \endash  for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553 Earl Cairns LC in the House of Lords in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553 Julius v Lord Bishop of Oxford}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553  (1880) 5 AC 214 at pages 222-223}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553  and Lord Phillimore in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 he Privy Council in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 Alcock v Chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553  Revenue Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13383710\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 AIR 1923 PC 138.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14821134 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid7295845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845    I am grateful to Lokur J for drawing my attention to the judgment of the Supreme Court of India in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid7295845\charrsid14821134 Dhampur Sugar Mills Ltd v State of Uttar Pradesh and others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845\charrsid14821134  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295845 
[2007] 10 SCR 245 which discusses this line of authority.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14821134\charrsid11234553 
Whether the creation of the power carries with it a corresponding duty to exercise that power will depend on the context in which the power is given.  Wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15599837\charrsid11234553 
en it comes to an order made by a foreign country to seize property pending an order for its forfeiture, the power given to the High Court of Fiji to register that order is to enable the property to be preserved until the foreign court can determine wheth
e
r the property should be forfeited.  The purpose of giving that power to the High Court would be thwarted if the High Court was able to decline to exercise that power, even if the conditions for the exercise of the power had been satisfied.  In these circ
umstances, I have concluded that the power of the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553 to register a foreign order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15599837\charrsid11234553 
under section 31(3) of MACMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553  included a duty to do so once it was satisfied that the conditions for the exercise of the power had been met.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553  For these reasons, it is unnecessary for me to address the final set of grounds of appeal advanced on behalf of Millemarin, namely that on a scrutiny of the evidence, the High Court should have found that the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553  was not tainted property because Mr Kerimov was not its benefi
cial owner, and that its true beneficial owner had not been subject to United States\rquote  sanctions.  However, had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553  I had to address this issue \endash 
 albeit with the low lev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4542450\charrsid11234553 el of scrutiny which Mr Haniff accepted would have been appropriate \endash  I would have found that there was an issue to be tried on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 Amadea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 
 was indeed tainted property within the meaning of section 3 of POCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13647720\charrsid11234553  because there was an issue to be tried on whether Mr Kerimov is its true beneficial owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15599837\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7295845\charrsid11234553 52}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4266913 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 
For these reasons, I would give Millemarin leave to appeal to the Supreme Court because the appeal involved a far-reac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 ing question of law \endash  namely whether an order ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553 de by a court in a foreign coun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 try for the seizure of property can amount to a \'93foreign restraining order\'94 within the meaning of section 3 of MACMA.  In accordance with the Supreme Court\rquote s usual practice, I would tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 
at the hearing of the application for leave to appeal as the hearing of the appeal, but I would dismiss the appeal.  I see no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553  reason why costs should not fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 llow the event, and I would order Millemarin to pay the Director of Public Prosecution\rquote s costs of the appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2500810\charrsid11234553 to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8224398\charrsid11234553 summarily assessed at $7,500. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15599837\charrsid11234553  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14421191\charrsid2125116 Lokur J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2125116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553 53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2125116 ]\tab I have read the draft judgment prepared by my learned brother Justice Keith and agree with the reasons and conclusions arrived at by him.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421191\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6309541\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553   Leave to Millemarin to appeal to the Supreme }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 granted.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (2)\tab}  Appeal di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4522695\charrsid11234553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 missed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (3)\tab}  Millemarin to pay to the Director of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6647763\charrsid11234553 
Public Prosecutions hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12075946\charrsid11234553 s costs of the appeal, summarily assessed at $7,500.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15599837\charrsid11234553       }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4195668\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14027160\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9658252\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370 The Hon. Mr. Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9658252\charrsid5205370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370 Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4813499\charrsid5205370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370 The Hon. Mr. Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370  Madan Lokur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5205370\charrsid5205370  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5205370 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3356851\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10052185\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8813943\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3277381\charrsid11234553       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9383278\charrsid11234553      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid946275\charrsid11234553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4352288\charrsid11234553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5644074\charrsid11234553 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6309541 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4334281\charrsid11234553 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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