{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg0\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang8192\deflangfe8192\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f11\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}MS Mincho{\*\falt MS Gothic};}{\f15\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}MS Gothic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f43\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Segoe UI;}
{\f44\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}@MS Mincho;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f54\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\f158\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt MS Gothic};}{\f156\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt MS Gothic};}{\f157\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt MS Gothic};}
{\f159\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt MS Gothic};}{\f160\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt MS Gothic};}{\f163\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt MS Gothic};}
{\f198\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f196\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f197\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f199\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f200\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f203\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f390\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}
{\f393\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f394\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}
{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f476\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f477\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f479\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f480\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f481\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Segoe UI (Hebrew);}{\f482\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}
{\f483\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}{\f484\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\f488\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Gothic Western;}{\f486\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Gothic CE;}
{\f487\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f489\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Gothic Greek;}{\f490\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Gothic Tur;}{\f493\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Gothic Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}
{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10814768\charrsid6256979 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9140562\charrsid6256979 Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10814768\charrsid6256979 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6385621\charrsid6256979 Justice William Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4407512\charrsid6256979 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4407512\charrsid6256979 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979  Vanalagi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 for the Petitioner
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4407512\charrsid6256979 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4407512\charrsid6256979 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12529014\charrsid6256979  Sharma f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 or the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6256979 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7420703\charrsid6256979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2241857\charrsid6256979 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 October }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 2023\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 :\tab 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316781\charrsid6256979 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid6256979 October }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460853\charrsid6256979 2023         
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid16405044 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid13460853\charrsid2254386 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12326570\charrsid2254386 Temo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6316781\charrsid2254386 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12326570\charrsid2254386 AP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12670837 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16405044\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid2254386 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306840 I agree entirely with judgment and proposed orders of His Lordship, Mr Justice William Young.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8333762\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16405044 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4409774\charrsid2254386 Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6316781\charrsid2254386 , J
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 I entirely agree with the judgment of Young J. There is nothing I can usefully add.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316781\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12326570\charrsid2254386 Young, J
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 The dispute
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 3.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
By written agreement of 19 June 2006, Aussie Houses International Ltd (Aussie H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 ouses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 ) agreed to sell a property at Denarau to Steven Petherick.  As part of the transaction, Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 
Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  was to complete }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 the construction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  of a house and ancillary structures on the property. Mr Petherick was to pay:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\sb120\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 NZ$1.5 million into the trust account of solicitors acting for both parties (R Patel & Co). This was to be released to Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  upon receipt of the Minister of Lands\rquote  consent to the transaction required under s 7 of the Land Sales Act 1974.  And
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}NZ$1.6 million by way of progress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16598980\charrsid2254386 payments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  in relation to construction, with the last payment to be made on the issue of a completion certificate. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Settlement (and thus transfer of title) was not to occur issue until the last progress payment was made.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb120\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  and Mr Petherick were both non-residents for the purposes of the Land Sales Act. Accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  7 of that Act was engaged. It relevantly provides:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1560\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 1) \tab \hich\f0 No non-resident \'85\loch\f0  shall without the prior consent in writing of the Minister responsible for land matters make any contract for the disposition of any land in favour of another non-resident.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The Minister responsible for land matters \'85
\loch\f0  may refuse his consent without assigning any reason, or may specify terms upon which such consent is condi\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tional.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 The initial words \'93no non-resident\'94 refer to a vendor, just as the concluding words \'93another non-resident\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 refer to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  a purchaser.  So construed, the prohibition is addressed to the conduct of those selling land. This accords with the dynamics of the transaction between Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  and Mr Petherick.  Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 was acting commercially as a developer of the property and no doubt with a view to making money whereas Mr Petherick (although commercially experienced and astute) was just buying a holiday house.  As between the two of them, the primary }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 responsibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  for obtaining the consent might be thought to rest with Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 
Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb120\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Clause 25 the agreement for sale and purchase (headed \'93CONDITION PRECEDENT\rquote 
) provided:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \fi-709\li1843\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1843\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a)\tab \hich\f0 
This Agreement is subject to the consent of the Minister of Lands under the Land Sales Act \'85\loch\f0 
 and both parties agree that the Agreement shall not constitute or become a contract for the sale and purchase of the said property until such consent is receiv\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ed.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 b)\tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Each party undertakes to use his best endeavours to provide all necessary information and to complete all necessary forms to enable this condition to be satisfied
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 c)\tab Each party agrees to cooperate and proceed with due diligence and to execute all documents required for early completion of the sale transaction.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Mr Petherick and/or his company, Petherick Properties Ltd,  paid NZ$1.5 million to R Patel & Co on 30 June 2006.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
R Patel & Co sought consent of the Minister under s 7 of the Act and this was granted on 27 July 2006, but subject to conditions, one of which was:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \li1440\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the transfer of the said property be completed within three (3) months from the date the consent is given \'85\loch\f0  .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
As the time then estimated to complete construction was 12 months and settlement was not to occur until that had occurred, this condition would not be complied with unless the agreement was varied to provide for earlier settlement.  This did not happen.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Disputes over construction arose as between (a) Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  and its builder and (b) between Mr Petherick and Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 . By mid-2007 the builder had stopped work. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4815249\charrsid2254386 Up until then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
, Mr Petherick would appear to have met all progress payment requirements and had paid Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 a total of NZ$2,297,682 (which, for  ease of discussion I will round to NZ$2.3 million).  In January 2009, Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 purported to rescind the contract alleging non-payment of progress payments (but without particulars}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , interf
erence by Mr Petherick with Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \rquote 
 relationship with the builder and non-compliance with the conditions attached to the Minister\rquote s consent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 In July 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , Mr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  Petherick issued proceedings against Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 seeking specific performance. Presumably in anticipation of doing so and in light of the reference to non-compliance with the conditions of Ministerial consent referred to in the January 2009 notice of rescission, Mr Petherick\rquote 
s solicitors had sought an extension of the consent. This was granted, with the Ministry of Lands and Mineral Resources writing on 3 June 2009 to the solicitors in these terms:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \li1134\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 This is to advise that the consent for t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
he above dealing is extended for 3 years from 24.10.06. The consent will now expire on 24.10.09.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10434533\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 I interpret this as requiring settlement (and thus a transfer of the land) by 24 October 2009. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 I have some difficulty discerning from the original statement of defence of Aussie }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  just what the defence was. It seems to have been based on:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 The contention that Petherick Properties, rather than Mr Petherick, had made all payments required under the agreement. The relevance of this was not explained.  And 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}A not-particularised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 assertion that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 had not been able to make contact with Mr Petherick \'93making it problematic or impossible to continue with the works.\'94  This was followed by the contention that Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  \'93was also unable legally to continue with the works\'94 by reason of Court orders obtained by the builder.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 In March 2014, Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 applied for leave to amend its defence to plead illegality and for the trial of a preliminary issue directed to this defence. Orders to this effect were made.  The new defence was pleaded in this way:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \li1134\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [Mr Petherick] and [Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ] are and were at all material times non-residents as defined in the Land Sales Act.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The [Sale] and Purchase agreement made 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  June 2006 was entered into and/or the performance thereof was commenced without the approval/consent required under [sec\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tion 6] of the Land Sales Act.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In the premises the dealing between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Mr Petherick] and [Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
] under the [Sale] and Purchase agreement dated 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 June 2006 is illegal null and void and unenforceable due to non compliance with the provisions of the Land Sales Act aforesaid and [Mr Petherick] is not entitled to any relief under the [Sale] and Purchase agreement or otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s26\qj \li567\ri686\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2552\tx3260\tx3969\tx4678\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16598980\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I note in passing that o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ther new defences were also ple\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 aded: frustration (by reference to the dispute between Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 and the builder) and along the lines of the grounds asserted in the January 2009 notice of rescission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2891903 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 The judgment of the High Court Judge
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 The preliminary issue came before Tuilevuk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13767570 a
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  J in the High Court at Lautoka. In a judgment delivered on 16 April 2018, the Judge:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16405044\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Held that the sale and purchase agreement was illegal. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}
Directed restitution of NZ$2.3 million. In doing so he applied the judgment of the  Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid16598980\charrsid2254386 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang3081\langfe0\super\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid16598980\charrsid2254386 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\keep\widctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid16598980 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598980 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe0\langnp5129\langfenp0\insrsid16598980 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16598980\charrsid4134319 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598980\charrsid4134319 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  [2015] AC 467}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2254386 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  albeit that he also concluded that Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  and Mr Petherick had not been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 in pari delicto. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
This latter finding provided a basis for directing restitution that was independent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 . And}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Declined to award interest on the NZ$2.3 million, despite Mr Petherick having been out of his money for around 11 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 Appeals to the Court of Appeal
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  and Mr Petherick both appealed to the Court of Appeal: Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 against the order that it pay NZ$2.3 million to Mr Petherick and Mr Petherick against the finding of illegality.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  Before the appeals were heard, Mr Petherick died, and he was replaced as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 party by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  his executors.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
In a judgment delivered on 27 May 2022, the Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal.  This was for reasons given by Guneratne JA. He approached the case on the basis that the finding of illegality was not in issue, at least \'93directly\'94
 (a proposition that I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 have difficulty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  reconcil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  with Mr Petherick\rquote s notice of appeal and the written submissions on behalf of the estate).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 He did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  v Mirza}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  as relevant, but rather decided the case on free-standing principles of unjust enrichment, the right to recover payments made for a failed consideration as money had and received and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 restitutio in integrum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16405044 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 The petition seeking leave to appeal to this Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 seeks leave to appeal against the Court of Appeal judgment. The primary basis for the proposed appeal is  that the Court of Appeal misapplied the law of Fiji as to illegal contracts, However, it also  wishes to challenge some aspects of the Court of Appe
al\rquote s reasoning, most relevantly:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 The summary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 rejection by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  the Court of Appeal of the argument that the estate could not recover the NZ2.3 million as it had been paid by Petherick Properties.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}What is said to have been a conclusion that if, Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  did not have to repay the NZ$2.3 million}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  would be better }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 off by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 that amount and unjustly enriched in that particular sense. As to this Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 wishes to argue that it had not been shown to have been better off in that way.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
In the High Court, counsel for Mr Petherick argued that the agreement for sale and purchase was not illegal and that he should be permitted to go to trial on his claim for specific performance.  Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 Petherick\rquote s claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 for the restitutionary relief was advanced only as alternative, that is, that he wished to pursue specific performance but if the contract was held to be illegal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  should get his money back. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 I consider that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
the estate adopted the same position in the Court of Appeal.  In contradistinction, before us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 for the estate confirmed that the estate is now content with restitutionary relief, a position reflecting the executors\rquote  assessment of the economic realities of the situation rather than the legal merits of the claim for specific performance. 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 Was the contract illegal? 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
The conclusion of Tuilevuka J that the agreement was illegal must have been premised on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 view that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  the agreement of 19 June 2006 was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \'93contract for the disposition of \'85 land\'94
, either from the moment it was signed or at least prior to 27 July 2006, when consent was obtained.  Tuilevuka J thought it material that, prior to consent being obtained, construction was underway and NZ$1.5 million had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 been paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  to R Patel & Co.  The Court of Appeal, being of the view that the finding of illegality had not been challenged by Mr Petherick\rquote 
s estate, did not engage with the illegality arguments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 This }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 approach adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 by Tuilevuka J ignores clause 25 of the agreement. This clause makes it clear that the agreement would not be in force, and that there would therefore not be a contract for the disposition of land, until the consent of the Minister had been obtained.  Th
e judgment of this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Gonzales v Akhtar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\keep\widctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4134319 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe0\langnp5129\langfenp0\insrsid4134319 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid5650110 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Gonzales v Akhtar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 [2004] FJSC 2 at [90]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2254386 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
  confirms that an agreement with such a clause does not constitute a contract for the disposition of land prior to the consent of the Minster being  obtained and, for this reason, does not involve a breach s 7. This view was adopted by the Court of Appea
l in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Port Denerau Marina Ltd v Tokomaru Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\keep\widctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4134319 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe0\langnp5129\langfenp0\insrsid4134319 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid5251826 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Port Denerau Marina Ltd v Tokomaru Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  [2006] FJCA 27.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 and the High Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Resort in Park and Garden Ltd v Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\keep\widctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4134319 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid4134319 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe0\langnp5129\langfenp0\insrsid4134319 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid5251826 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Resort in Park and Garden Ltd v Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  [2012] FJHC 883.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 It does not matter that prior to the consent being obtained, construction was underway and NZ$1.5 million was paid to R Patel & Co. That Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  carried out work pending the obtaining of consent does not show that a contract for the sale of the land was in place.  All it means is that if consent had not been obtained, Aussie }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  would have had no right to be paid.  And likewise, the payment of the NZ$}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 1.5 million}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  to R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5780785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5780785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5780785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
Co to be held in escrow pending an anticipated consent did not mean that a contract for the sale of the land was  in place. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 As I have noted, a condition of the consent was that the land was to be transferred within three months. This was not adverted to by either Tuilevuka J or the Court of Appeal. Before us, counsel for Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 contend that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  non-satisfaction of this condition rendered the contract illegal retrospectively.  I do not think that it did. As to this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 , I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  note that a similar issue arose in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Resort in Park Garden Ltd v Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , where Calanchini J dealt with a broadly comparable situation. His view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 such non-satisfaction does not render a contract illegal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598980\charrsid2254386 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  accords with my own.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 So, should leave to appeal be granted?
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
The proceedings before us commenced in 2009. The illegality defence was not advanced until 2014.  This unhappy litigation has now been underway for some 14 years. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid10381960\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 As is apparent, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 
I see no plausible defence in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 the first statement of defence As for the additional defences pleaded in 2014, I see nothing in the evidence to controvert Mr Petherick\rquote s assertions in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16405044\charrsid2254386 affidavits that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  he had met all progress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 and find it difficult to see how Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 could rely on the difficulties it had with its builder to defeat Mr Petherick\rquote s claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386  So, if the agreement is not illegal (which is how I see the case), Mr Petherick\rquote 
s (and now his estate\rquote s) entitlement to  the return of NZ$2.3 million might be thought to be reasonably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 strong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814790\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Assuming illegality, the Court of Appeal may well have been wrong to reject the applicability of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 . But since }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 proceeds on the basis of unjust enrichment, which was also the general approach of the Court of Appeal, such argument might be thought to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
largely semantic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .   More generally, I accept that, in an appropriate case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 , there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  may be scope for argument as to the application of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 in Fiji. I am, however, well-satisfied that this is not that case. This is for two reasons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 First, the basis on which the illegality argument was pursued by Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 was fundamentally flawed.   In this context, challenges to the legal correctness of the approaches of Tuilevuka J and the Court of Appeal would have to be assessed on a very artificial basis. For this reason alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  the case is not a suitable vehicle for determining the issues that Aussie }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  wishes to argue.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6256979\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Secondly, whatever approach this Court were to take the judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Patel v Mirza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid14361624\charrsid2254386 close to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
inconceivable that it would come up with the outcome contended for by Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 : 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 The argument for Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 comes down to propositions that (i) it  retains the land and the partly completed house, but (ii) Mr Petherick and his estate are to remain out of pocket for NZ$2.3 million and receive nothing in return. It is inherently unlikely that any court would arr
ive at a result that would be so unjust.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}Tuilevuka J held that the parties were not in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 in pari delicto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .  On the basis of the pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 -Patel v Mirza }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 authorities such as, for instance, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 Kiriri Cotton Co Ltd v Dewani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\b\super\insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\keep\widctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid12662859 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12662859 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Kiriri Cotton Co Ltd v Dewani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [1960] AC 192.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  this conclusion provided a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386  strongly arguable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  alternative basis for directing restitution.  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 am inclined to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 agree with this aspect of Tuilevuka J\rquote 
s judgment; that is, if the agreement were illegal, the parties were not equally to blame. As I have noted, s 7 is addressed directly to the conduct of vendors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 On this approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , any fault in relation to the consent (assuming there is one) would be primarily the fault of Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12662859\charrsid2254386 view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  that, as I have explained, is consistent with the commercial dynamics 
of the transaction.   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 It remains for me to address the contentions that:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
the payments to Aussie Home were funded by Mr Petherick\rquote s company, Petherick Properties and that this precludes relief being granted to his estate. And:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}as events panned out, Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  was not shown to have been \'93enriched\'94
 by what happened given that the building was never completed and  there was no evidence as to the current value of the land and uncompleted building.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 I see no merit in these arguments. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
Any money paid by Petherick Properties to meet liabilities of Mr Petherick would have been to his use and created a corresponding liability on his part to his company.   It makes no difference whether Mr Petherick paid Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 by (a) drawing down on a current account he had with a bank, (b) borrowing from a bank, or (c) using money lent to him by his company. How Mr Petherick\rquote 
s current account position was later sorted out between him and the receivers or liquidators of Petherick Properties is irrelevant (as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 res inter alios acta}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 ) as between Mr Petherick\rquote s estate and Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
In his reasons Gunaratne JA spoke in reasonably general terms of the \'93enrichment\'94 of Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 . Examples of this include references to \'93moneys paid by [Mr Petherick]\'94  being \'93in the hands of [Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 ] and \'93gain-based\'94
 recovery.  I do not see these references as indicating that he considered that  the estate could recover no more than the amount by which Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 , at the dat
e of the hearing, was  better off in relation to the land by reason of the transaction with Mr Petherick. This is because Guneratne JA did not seek to carry out the calculations that such an approach would require. This is unsurprising.  Whether the curre
nt financial position of Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 in relation to the land is more or less favourable than it was in 2006 depends on factors that have nothing to do with Mr Petherick, such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 as changes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  in land values, currency rate fluctuations, the outcome of its litigation with the builder and what Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
 did with the NZ$2.3 million it received from Mr Petherick.  Counsel for Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  cited no authority indicative of restitutionary relief being constrained in the way contended for. In this context,  I see  Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  as having been relevantly enriched when it received NZ$2.3}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid5780785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 million without providing anything to Mr Petherick in return}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386    
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
Under  s 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 leave to appeal can only be granted in a civil  case if the proposed appeal involves \'93a far-reaching question of law\'94 or matters \'93of great general or public importance\'94 or \'93
otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice\'94.   This case is an instance of litigation gone wrong.  The arguments that Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  wishes to pursue are both unmeritorious and particular to the complexities of its failed litigation strategy. There in nothing here of sufficient general interest to warrant leave to appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe8192\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af15\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp8192 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af15\loch\f0 Orders
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 I would:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li1134\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 Dismiss the petition seeking leave to appeal

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}Order Aussie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid12529014\charrsid2254386 Houses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  to pay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 the estate\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid4134319\charrsid2254386  costs, summarily assessed, of $15,000.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li4734\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4734\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid6256979 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li3447\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3447\itap0\pararsid6256979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
The Hon. Acting Chief Justice Salesi Temo
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 Acting President of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6316781\charrsid2254386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li3447\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3447\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid6256979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-567\li3447\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3447\itap0\pararsid6256979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 The Hon. Mr. Justice William Young
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081\langfenp0\insrsid9634573\charrsid2254386 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634573\charrsid4134319 
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