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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 V }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13303849\charrsid15279557 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557  of 2021
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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557  of 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13303849\charrsid15279557 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9900969\charrsid9900969 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
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\par 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid3764679\charrsid3764679 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3764679\charrsid3764679 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3764679 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13303849\charrsid15279557 HE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 \tab \tab \tab :\tab The Hon. Mr. Justice William Calanchini
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 The Hon. M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 adam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 Dame Lowell Goddard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 Isikeli Mataitoga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 \tab \tab :\tab Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679  in person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 Dr. A. Jack }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10964575\charrsid3764679 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 8 August}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679  2023\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 \tab :\tab 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid3764679 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679  August 2023       
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6112619\charrsid3764679 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4344853\charrsid15279557 Calanchini J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7080887\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13321957\charrsid15279557 [1]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13303849\charrsid15279557 The Petitioner seeks leave to appeal the decision of the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15797475\charrsid15279557 delivered on 3 June 2021 dismissing the 
Petitioner\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3956027\charrsid15279557  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15797475\charrsid15279557 
appeal against conviction and sentence.  Although the date stamp indicates that the Petition was lodged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947208\charrsid15279557 
in the Registry on 21 July 2021, the typed date on the letter from the Fiji Corrections Service is 3 June 2021.  Under those circumstances 
the practice has been to treat the Petition as timely on the basis that the cause of the subsequent delay was beyond the control }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6030980\charrsid15279557 of the Petitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14768619\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6030980\charrsid15279557 Introduction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6030980\charrsid15279557 [2]\tab The Petitioner was tried on four counts of rape the particulars of which, apart from the da
te, were identical and stated that, on 18 February, 24 February, 4 March and 5 March 2014 at Labasa the Petitioner had carnal knowledge of S. A. C. without her consent.  Following a trial before a Judge sitting with three assessors the assessors returned 
unanimous opinions of guilty on all four counts.  On 27 August 2015 the Petitioner was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment on each count to be served concurrently with a non-parole term of 12 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid410714\charrsid15279557  Being aggrieved by his convictions and sentences the Petiti
oner filed an application for an enlargement of time for leave to appeal against the convictions and sentences.  Leave was subsequently granted.  The Court of Appeal in its written judgment dated 3 June 2021 dismissed the appeal against convictions and se
ntences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6030980\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2107503\charrsid15279557 The Trial
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2107503\charrsid15279557 [3]\tab The Prosecution alleged that the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 
was 18 years old at the time of the offences.  She had commenced her studies at the Fiji National University Labasa campus to become a teacher.  The Petitioner was 25 years old and had been studying for the previous five years and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9900969 at the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9900969 undertaking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 a Diploma Course in Applied Comput}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9900969 ering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557  at the same campus.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2107503\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 [4]\tab 
It was alleged by the Prosecution that after the complainant and the Petitioner met at the Labasa Bus Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid133712\charrsid15279557 
 the Petitioner promised to assist the complainant by giving her some FNU papers and text books.  They brunched together and then walked to the Petitioner\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11168347 residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid133712\charrsid15279557  to collect the papers and t
ext books.  The complainant was told to sit on the bed and after the Petitioner returned from the wash room he locked the door.  He then forcefully removed the Complainant\rquote 
s clothes and placed his hand over her mouth as he proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her.  It was alleged that the complainant did not consent to sex with the Petitioner and that he knew at the time that she was not consenting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7961642\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid133712\charrsid15279557 [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8869455\charrsid15279557 
It was alleged that the Petitioner then threatened to detain the complainant unless she allowed him to take photos of her naked with his mobile phone.  After the photos were taken the Petitioner arranged a taxi for the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334266\charrsid15279557 informing her that if she failed to attend for sex in the future he would place the photos on Facebook for everyone to see.  The Complainant then felt under pressure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid133712\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334266\charrsid15279557 [6]\tab 
Consequently on three separate occasions (24 February, 4 and 5 March 2014) the Petitioner called the Complainant via his mobile phone.  On each occasion the Petitioner threatened the Complainant that if she did
 not come to him he would place the photos on Facebook.  On each occasion the Complainant met the Petitioner and on each occasion he took her to his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11168347 residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334266\charrsid15279557  and had sexual intercourse with her without her consent.  The Prosecution alleged that on each occasion the Petitioner was aware that the complainant was not consenting to sex.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8280076\charrsid15279557 [7]\tab 
The Petitioner pleaded not guilty and gave evidence in his defence.  He admitted that he had sexual intercourse with the Complainant on the four occasions as alleged by the Prosecution.  He claimed that the sexual intercourse was consensual and that he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11168347 knew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8280076\charrsid15279557  she was consenting because he saw her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid868558\charrsid15279557 smiling at him and because she was holding his back tightly, in other words that she was enjoying the sexual intercourse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid862583\charrsid15279557 on each}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868558\charrsid15279557  occasion.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868558\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868558\charrsid15279557 [8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2775204\charrsid15279557 The learned Trial Judge agreed with the unanimous opinions of guilty on all four counts and proceeded to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086030\charrsid15279557 
convict the Petitioner accordingly in a brief written }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086030\charrsid15279557  on 26 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205623\charrsid15279557 August 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11168347 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205623\charrsid15279557   The J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid862583\charrsid15279557 udge indicated that having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11936203\charrsid15279557 heard the evidence of the complainant and the Petitioner and having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8205217\charrsid15279557 observed them in the court room he concluded that the complainant was a credible witness whose evidence he accepted.  He concluded that the Petitioner was not credible and that he was evasive and argumentative.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8280076\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8719042 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9707663\charrsid15279557 Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8205217\charrsid15279557 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9707663\charrsid15279557 \tab 
By the time the application for an enlargement of time came on for hearing before a Judge of the Court of Appeal, the Petitioner had raised a total 26 grounds of appeal against conviction and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11168347 6
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9707663\charrsid15279557 
 grounds of appeal against sentence.  The learned Judge noted that ground 6 raised a question of law alone for which leave was not required and granted leave on all other grounds of appeal against conviction to enable them to be considered with the benefi
t of the complete Appeal Record which is only finalized after the leave hearing.   Leave was granted to appeal against sentence on all but one of the grounds put forward by the Petitioner.
\par [10]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4988180\charrsid15279557 By notice dated 24 March 2020 the Petitioner indicated that out
 of the grounds of appeal previously filed he was relying on 9 grounds of appeal against conviction and 2 grounds of appeal against sentence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13837767\charrsid15279557 
The grounds of appeal against conviction relied upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2446922\charrsid15279557 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
y the Petitioner in the Court of Appeal hearing were:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7170670\charrsid15279557 \'931.\tab T
hat the learned Trial Judge erred in law and fact by failing to provide a fair and balanced summing up when directing the assessors in particular to the following: a) Trial Judge did not sum up properly the important answers made by the accused which was 
relevant to the defence which he relied upon.  b) Lacked to analyse and to summarise the evidence of all witnesses between the prosecution and the defence fairly.
\par 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14294337\charrsid15279557 The summing up lacks adequate direction on what inference the assessors may have drawn, if 
they so wished from the totality of facts on the issue of consent.  There was also no mention in the summing up of what transpired on cross examination of witnesses especially the complainant, Interview officer (Sadhamma) and her aunty (Sushila Devi) was 
called by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6711354\charrsid15279557 
Prosecution to give evidence.  Their opinion and the laws on inconsistencies were also not outlined to the assessors.  There is an error of fact because appellant version of events was not put to the assessors to consider amongst other evidenc
e adduced for the State.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7170670\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6711354\charrsid15279557 3.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9313944\charrsid15279557 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in failing to direct the assessors that has been described as a rule of law on threat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15279557\charrsid15279557 
but not involving violence constitutes a misdirection and wrong decision which relates to each 
ingredient and essential element of the charge of Rape contrary to section 207 (1)(2) of the Crimes Act No. 44 of 2009 resulting in substantial miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6711354\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15279557\charrsid15279557 4.\tab That the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he allowed the assessors to l
ook at the evidence and decide who was telling the truth from their point of view (where the truth lies) on the matter of consent implying that the appellant is ought to prove his innocence and misdirecting with regards to Burden of Proof causing a substa
ntial miscarriage of justice.  In summing up at paragraph 28 learned Judge directed: \lquote You have examined their demeanor when they were answe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3435172 
ring questions asked by counsels, who do you think was the credible witness of the two? Who was the forthright witness
?  Which of the two was the evasive witness?  Who do you think from your point of view was telling the truth?  If you think that the complainant (PW1) was the more credible witness then you must find the appellant guilty as charged on all counts.  If you 
think otherwise, then you must find the appellant not guilty as charged on all counts.  It is a matter entirely for you.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3435172 5.\tab 
That the learned trial Judge erred in law and fact when he failed to properly guide the assessors and how to approach and weigh the fresh evidence of uncharged act.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3435172 6.\tab 
That the learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact when he failed in his judgment to give cogent reason to reflect the credibility of the witness.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3435172 7.\tab 
That the learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15479770 by expres
sing the opinion of guilty verdict on the accused and relying on inconclusive, unreliable and insufficient evidence pertaining to forceful act on count one and threat by phone calls on counts 2, 3 and 4 whilst the prosecution failed to disclose statutory 
requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3435172 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15479770 8.\tab 
That the learned prosecutor failed to tender in court the clothes that were worn by the complainant that includes yellow top, \'be Jeans, panty, bra because if the allegation was true the clothes, undergarment would have been torn and by not d
oing so there was a substantial miscarriage of justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14500974 9.\tab 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and fact in misdirecting himself and the assessors on the need of corroborative evidence and danger of convicting without it had to be given where both co
nsent and corroboration are in dispute thereby failure to give such direction constituted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6766135 to material misdirection and miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11615454 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14500974\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [11]\tab 
The two grounds of appeal against sentence which the Petitioner raised in the Court of Appeal were:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 \'93That 
the learned Judge erred in exercising his discretion to the extent that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid8719042 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 
He commenced sentencing at high starting point not using the current sentencing principles and guidelines regards to adult case authorities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2160\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin855\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3764679\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 
Punished appellant twice by treating the element of offence as an aggravating factor.  He was wrong in adding 3 years hence it was of offence and cannot be treated as aggravating factor, therefore by adding 3 years was fatal to conviction.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid8719042 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [12]\tab The Court of Appeal rejected all nine grounds of the appeal against conviction and the two grounds of appeal against sentence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4656047 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 Petition for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8719042 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [13]\tab In his original Petition filed on 21 July 2021 the Petitioner listed eight grounds of appeal against conviction and senten
ce.  On various dates between July 2022 and 5 July 2023 the Petitioner filed additional grounds of appeal against conviction and sentence totalling 26 grounds against conviction and four grounds against sentence.  However by notice dated  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 July 2023 the 
Petitioner informed the Court that he intended to rely only on the 13 grounds of appeal against conviction and the ground of appeal against sentence set out in his notice filed in the Court on 5 July 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid883377 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
n order to obtain leave the Petitioner is required to establish under section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4656047 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 his petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4656047 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 raises }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 a question of general legal importance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4656047 raises }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice or (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 that if leave is not granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 a substantial and grave miscarriage of justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883377 may otherwise occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8719042 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [14]\tab 
The Petitioner has pleaded ground one as;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid4656047 \'93The learned Judges of Appeal Court erred at paragraph 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid398358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid4656047 of the Judgment by treating Sushila Devi\rquote 
s evidence as corroboration or as evidence of the facts complained of thereby failing to consider properly section 129 of Criminal Procedure Decree 2009 and the status of this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid398358 kind}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid4656047  of evidence about what Sushila Devi said resulting into substantial miscarriage of justice.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10964575\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [15]\tab 
This ground of appeal appears to indicate that the Petitioner has not appreciated the difference between corroboration evidence and recent complaint evidence.  It is correct that section 129 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 
provides that corroboration of the complainant\rquote 
s evidence is no longer necessary in order to secure a conviction for an offence of a sexual nature.  Furthermore pursuant to section 129 it was no longer necessary for the trial judge to give a warning to the
 assessors relating to the absence of corroboration.  A complaint about being raped made by the complainant to a third person after the alleged offence within a reasonable time is not corroboration.  It is admissible on the basis that demonstrates consist
ency with the evidence that the complainant gives at the trial.  It is termed recent complaint evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8345989   The rationale behind the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989 admissibility of such a complaint was explained by Keith J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989 Kumar v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989  [2018] FJSC 30, CAV 17 of 2018 (2 November 2018) at para [13]: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri855\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989 \'93\'85 As is well known, the fact that the victim of sexual abuse complains about it to someone shortly afterwards \endash  recent complaint to use lawyer\rquote s shorthand for it \endash 
 does not amount to corroboration of the victim\rquote 
s account.  That is because it does not come from an independent source, and treating it as corroboration would offend the prohibition on relying on previous consistent statements.  It is admissible only to the extent that it shows co
nsistency on the part of the complainant.  It supports the credibility of the complainant\rquote s account because her evidence about what happened to her is consistent with what she was saying at the time or shortly afterwards.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8345989\charrsid8345989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid8345989 [16]\tab Ground 2 of the Petitioner\rquote 
s grounds claims that the Court of Appeal erred by upholding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
the conviction thereby failing to order a retrial as a result of the observations of Prematilaka JA at paragraphs 14 and 15 of his concurring judgment.  Although the observations by one of the th
ree judges sitting to hear the appeal identified some shortcomings in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396128 summing up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
, it must be noted that the appeal was nevertheless dismissed by the Court.  It must be inferred that the Court of Appeal concluded that the shortcomings did not constitute a miscarriage of justice sufficient to require the Court to allow the appeal.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid398358 For}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  a re-trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid398358 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14037627  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid398358 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 ordered under section 23 of the Court of Appeal Act 1949 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14037627 there must first be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  a conclusion by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14037627 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 Court that any shortcoming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid398358 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  deficiency }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2575597 or error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  in the summing up justifies a conclusion that there has been a miscarriage of justice which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2575597 in turn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 constitutes a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2575597 substantial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 miscarriage of justice and then only if the interests of justice so require a new trial.  Since the appeal was dismissed the issu
e of a new trial did not arise.  I agree that the identified shortcomings in the summing up did not constitute a miscarriage of justice.  The learned trial Judge had stated in his judgment that he accepted the complainant\rquote 
s evidence as being truthful in preference to the Petitioner\rquote s evidence which he regarded as evasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890622   The complainant\rquote 
s evidence established beyond reasonable doubt that the Petitioner had sexual intercourse without her consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8345989 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf6\insrsid8345989\charrsid11890622 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [17]\tab Ground 3 of the Petitioner\rquote s ground queries whether t
he Court of Appeal correctly approached its task when considering whether the trial Judge erred when allowing the assessors to look at the evidence and decide who was telling the truth on the matter of consent.  He claimed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890622 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 his resulted in a miscarria
ge of justice.  I am satisfied that this ground is misdirected.  It appears to assume that the trial judge was directing the assessors to base their opinions on the issue of who was telling the truth.  However, that is clearly not what the Judge was direc
ting when the summing up is read as a whole.  The assessors were directed that they must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt as to the Petitioner\rquote s guilt.  That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890622 direction }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634035 required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  a consideration of all the evidence adduced at the trial and an assessment as to the weight to be attached to th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634035 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
 evidence called by both the State and the Petitioner.  When read in its totality the summing up does not in any way dilute the obligation of the assessors to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the Petitioner.
\par [18]\tab The Petitioner\rquote s ground 4 claims that the Court of Appeal erred in law by failing to make an independent assessment on the evidence before affirming the verdict of the High Court which was \'93unsafe, unsupported and insecure\'94
 giving rise to 
a substantial miscarriage of justice.  This ground is misguided.  Whether a verdict is unsafe and insecure are not grounds upon which the Court of Appeal may allow an appeal against conviction.  Under section 23(1)(a) of the Court of Appeal Act the Court 
shall allow an appeal against conviction if the verdict should be set aside on the grounds that it is (a) unreasonable or (b) cannot be supported by the evidence or (c) that the judgment of the Court should be set aside because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11890622 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 a wrong decision of law or
 (d) on any ground there was a miscarriage of justice.  On the question of the verdict being unsupported there was evidence adduced at the trial that if accepted by the assessors and the trial Judge was sufficient to establish guilt beyond reasonable doub
t.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 [19]\tab Ground 5 of the Petitioner\rquote 
s grounds states that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri855\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin855\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7102924 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 \'93
The Court of Appeal erred at paragraph 15 of the judgment in accepting a reasonable doubt which existed on the complainant evidence to establish guilt to requisite standard of proof thereby failing to give benefit of a doubt to the accused resulting in su
bstantial miscarriage of justice.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8345989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7102924 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
It must be noted that in paragraph 15 of the concurring judgment of Prematilaka JA there is no reference to the acceptance of a reasonable doubt.  In paragraph 15 the learned Judge goes no further than to observe that 
there should have been further directions on certain aspects of the evidence with further analysis of the cases for the parties.  It must also be noted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8916562\charrsid15279557 
in paragraphs 40 and 42 the concurring Judge has concluded that on the evidence it was open to the assessors and the Judge to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the Petitioner was guilty.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 The Judge concluded that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8916562\charrsid15279557 he guilty verdict could not be set aside on the basis that it was unreasonable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634035 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 that it could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8916562\charrsid15279557  not be supported having regard to the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7102924\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2049051\charrsid15279557 [20]\tab Unfortunately in paragraph 42 of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2049051\charrsid15279557  concurring Judgment Prematilaka JA has equated a trial by Judge sitting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2049051\charrsid15279557 assessors with a trial by Judge and jury.  The assessors do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14027606\charrsid15279557 
convict an accused rather they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122718 individually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14027606\charrsid15279557 return opinions of guilty or not guilty with which the trial Judge }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4859712\charrsid15279557 ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4859712\charrsid15279557 
 either agree or disagree.  The final decision as to whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4859712\charrsid15279557 
 accused is to be convicted or acquitted is a matter entirely for the trial Judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2049051\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7102924 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10627993\charrsid15279557 [21]\tab Ground 6 of the Petitioner\rquote 
s ground was ground 1 in the Notice of Appeal in the Court of Appeal.  The Court of Appeal noted that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7021976 Petitioner\rquote s defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid265793\charrsid15279557 was that the four instances of sexual intercourse were consensual.  The summing up at paragraphs 18-20 dealt with the claim that the sex
 was accompanied by an affectionate relationship.  The fact that the Petitioner disputed the evidence given by the complainant about peripheral issues such as papers and text books, does not mean that the complainant\rquote 
s evidence was fabricated.  The assesso
rs heard the evidence of both witnesses.  The summing up cannot be expected to reproduce the detail that appears on the pages of the Record to which the Petitioner refers.  Certainly the Court of Appeal was not provided with the particulars that appeared 
in ground 6 of the Petitioner\rquote s submissions in this Court.  To a certain extent this ground raises a similar issue to that raised in ground 3.
\par [22]\tab Ground 7 of the Petitioner\rquote s grounds is also misguided.  Pursuant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420591 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265793\charrsid15279557 
237 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 the Trial Judge is not bound by the opinions of the assessors or a majority of the assessors.  He may agree or he may disagree with the unanimous or with the majority opinions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6232265\charrsid15279557 If the trial judge disagrees with the unanimous or majority opinions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420591 then he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6232265\charrsid15279557  is required to give written cogent reasons for doing so in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 written }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6232265\charrsid15279557 
judgment that must be pronounced in open Court.  However when the trial judge agrees with the unanimous or majority opinions it is not necessary for any judgment to be given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420591 other than}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6232265\charrsid15279557  the decision of the Court which must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290286\charrsid15279557 
written.  In the present case the trial Judge agreed with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618  unanimous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290286\charrsid15279557  opinions of the assessors.  He d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420591 elivered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290286\charrsid15279557  a brief judgment setting out the decision of the Court with a brief explanation of the reasons for
 doing so.  There has been no failure to comply with the requirements of section 237 of the Criminal Procedure Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12389460\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290286\charrsid15279557 [23]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557 Ground 8 of the Petitioner\rquote 
s grounds asserts that the learned trial judge erred in admitting the photographs of the naked complainant into evidence.  In order f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557  evidence to be ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 mitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557 
 it must be relevant to the issues in dispute between the parties.  However not all relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557 
is admissible.  There are certain categories of relevant evidence that may or must be excluded.  In the present case the principal issue in dispute was consent.  The photos of the complainant sitting naked in the Petitioner\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557  relevant to the issue of consent since it was alleged that the Petitioner threatened to go public with the photos }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557 f the complainant did not return to have sex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 intercourse }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4157019 with the Petitioner. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7290286\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423\charrsid15279557 [24]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4093327\charrsid15279557 Ground 9 challenges the observations of the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039665\charrsid15279557 in relation to the Petitioner\rquote s Counsel failing to seek a re-direction by the trial Judge to the Assessors on the issue of consent with particular reference to the complainant\rquote 
s state of mind.  At the outset it must be noted that the Petitioner was represented by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 
Counsel at the trial.  Furthermore the Court Record of the High Court proceedings at page 310 indicates tha
t both Counsel for the Petitioner and Counsel for the Respondent were asked by the Court on 26 August 2015 after the summing up had been delivered whether any re-redirection was required.  Both Counsel indicated \'93NIL\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3755423 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1974660\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 [25]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 Tuwai v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557  [20016] FJSC 35; CAV 13 of 2019 (26 August 2016) and in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 Alfraz v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 
 [2018] FJSC 17; CAV 9 of 2018 (30 August 2018) this Court has been reluctant to consider a ground of appeal in the petition that was not pursued at the trial when Counsel did not 
seek a re-direction of the very point that is the subject of the ground of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 
 the Petition.  As consent was the only issue in dispute in relation to the elements of the offence of rape the alleged inadequacy of the directions in the summing up ought to have been paramount in the mind of counsel and ought to have been }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3032534\charrsid15279557 raised when invited by the trial Judge to do so.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10426399\charrsid15279557 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10426399\charrsid15279557  no cogent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2494845\charrsid15279557 reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10426399\charrsid15279557 put forward by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7494303\charrsid15279557 Petitioner that would justify this Court overlooking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 
or disregarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7494303\charrsid15279557 counsel\rquote s failure of the trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7494303\charrsid15279557 
\par [26]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11295648\charrsid15279557 In any event the directions given by the learned trial Judge in his summing up at paragraphs 11 and 12 on the element of consent are in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11295648\charrsid15279557 provisions of section 206 (1) and (2) of the Crimes Act 2009. Consent must be free
ly and voluntarily given.  Submission without physical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1443406\charrsid15279557 resistance does not alone constitute consent. Consent is not freely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1443406\charrsid15279557 voluntarily given if it is obtained by threat of intimidation.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11293951\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1443406\charrsid15279557 
\par [27]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8325623\charrsid15279557 Ground 10 of the Petitioner\rquote s grounds asserts that it was wrong for the learned trial Judge to have concluded that the State had established a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8325623\charrsid15279557 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8325623\charrsid15279557  case.  It must be noted that this ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1665015\charrsid15279557 
was not raised before the Court of Appeal.  It is a new ground and as such is not ordinarily considered by this Court.  However it is not necessary to give the ground any further consideration as the learned judge did not use those words.  At page 306 of 
the Record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5382082\charrsid15279557 the Judge simply agreed with the defence counsel\rquote s concession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15090651\charrsid15279557 
that there was a case to answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1443406\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15024520\charrsid15279557 
\par [28]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid661916\charrsid15279557 Ground 11 of the Petitioner\rquote s grounds of appeal asserts that the Court of Appeal had failed to correctly conclude that the prosecution had not pr
oved the mental element of the offence of rape.  This is a more specific claim than the issue raised by ground 5.  However at paragraph 13 of the summing up the learned trial judge has explained to the assessors that the prosecution must establish}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9372426\charrsid15279557  beyond r
easonable doubt that the Petitioner knew the complainant was not consenting to sex at the time.  There was ample evidence given by the complainant at the trial to demonstrate that the petitioner by his actions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9335892 on the first occasion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9372426\charrsid15279557 (such as placing his hand over her mouth) knew that the complainant was not consenting to sex.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15024520 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9372426\charrsid15279557 [29]\tab Ground 12 raises the issue of the trial Judge\rquote 
s failure to direct the assessors on inconsistencies arising from the evidence of prosecution witnesses.  To some extent this ground ignores the reality of trial evidence.  There will always be inconsistencies in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976733\charrsid15279557 given by witnesses appearing for both the prosecution and the defence.  It would raise serious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 doubts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10976733\charrsid15279557  if the evidence was identical.  Minor inconsistencies are inevitable.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 Memories }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10976733\charrsid15279557 fade.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7160213\charrsid15279557 
  If the inconsistencies are of a nature that may affect credibility and or reliability then they would need to be addressed.  On the other hand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7160213\charrsid15279557 the trial judge forms the view that they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7160213\charrsid15279557 
relatively insignificant and due to the passage of time then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 the inconsistencies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7160213\charrsid15279557 
 need to be taken no further.  The fact that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557  evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 may have been inconsistent on minor detail was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557 a matter for the assessors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557  determin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557  whether the Prosecution ha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8664456 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557  established the case beyond reasonable doubt.  The learned Judge had adequately explained this to the assessors.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9372426 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397\charrsid15279557 [30]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7547564\charrsid15279557 Ground 13 raises the issue of incompetent Counsel.  The alleged incompetence relates to the failure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid225156 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7547564\charrsid15279557 Petitioner\rquote s counsel to seek re-directions on evidence to which the learned trial judge had not referred in his summing up.  The allegation is that re-directions should have been requested on the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 evidence summarised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7547564\charrsid15279557  given in paragraph 28 of the summing up.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2171104\charrsid15279557 The Petitioner relies on paragraph 81 of the Court of Appeal\rquote s judgment to demonstrate that he has been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2494845\charrsid15279557 
disadvantaged by that failure on the part of his trial counsel.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 However the ground cannot succeed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2494845\charrsid15279557 
in the absence of cogent reasons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618   A claim of being disadvantaged is not by itself sufficiently cogent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2650397 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16652618 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4806779\charrsid15279557 [31]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7479834\charrsid15279557 This is a new ground that was not considered by the Court of Appeal and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15946534 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7479834\charrsid15279557 s therefore not considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15946534 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7479834\charrsid15279557 the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15946534  of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7479834\charrsid15279557 .  There is therefore a jurisdictional obstacle facing t
he Petitioner.  It is then submitted by the Respondent that the ground does not raise an issue that falls within section 7(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4141438\charrsid15279557 
 of Supreme Court Act 1998.  A further problem for the Petitioner concerns the procedure that is now required to be followed when t
here is a ground of appeal relating to the competency of former trial Counsel.  The procedure is discussed in some detail by the Court of Appeal in its judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4141438\charrsid15279557 
Chand v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4141438\charrsid15279557  [2019] FJCA 254; AAU 78 of 2013 (28 November 2019).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4806779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8719042\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9968948\charrsid15279557 [32]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5508356 The last ground of appeal, ground 15, is the appeal against sentence.  As noted earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13042952 
the Petitioner was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment in respect of each of 4 convictions f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4609196 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13042952  rape.  Applying the totality principle
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10448497 
 the learned Judge ordered that the sentences be served concurrently which meant that the Petitioner was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment with a non-parole term of 12 years.  In arriving at the head sentence of 14 years in respect of each conviction the
 learned Judge had adopted the accepted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4609196 procedure for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10448497 
sentencing in Fiji.  This involves proceeding in stages until a final head sentence has been calculated.  In the present case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15931761 the Judge selected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504087  12 years as the starting point. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4609196  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504087 In doing so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542785 
 he was mindful that the maximum sentence for rape is life imprisonment.  The current range of sentences for rape of an adult was correctly identified as 7 \endash  15 years.  It must be conceded that in se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4609196 lecting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542785  12 years as the starting point the learned Judge has not indicated what factors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15011302 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542785 
had been considered in selecting a starting point that was certainly at the higher end of the tariff.  A further three years was then added for aggravating factors and the reasons for doing so are stated in the judgment.  One year was t
hen deducted for time served on remand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9968948\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16602836\charrsid15279557 [33]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11542785 
In its judgment the Court of Appeal noted that the trial judge had exercised his sentencing discretion in accordance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6304210 
with the stipulated approach to sentencing described by the Court of Appeal in an earlier decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6304210\charrsid6304210 Naikelekelevesi v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6304210 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6304210\charrsid6304210  The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6304210  [2008] FJCA 11; AAU61 of 2007 (27 June 2008).  The Court of Appeal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15011302 correctly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6304210 noted the bases upon which the exer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13633071 cise of a sen
tencing discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15011302 
 may be challenged.  The Court of Appeal concluded that the ground was devoid of merit and by inference should have concluded that there was no error in the exercise of the sentencing discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13633071   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16602836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5508356 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13633071 \tab 
The structured approach is intended to ensure, as far as possible, that a sentencing judge has considered all the relevant faults and has not taken into account any relevant factors.  However, without clear reasons being provided by a sentencing judge it 
is not always possible to determine whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153583 discretion has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3963769 miscarried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12153583 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7815330 
For example when a Judge has selected a starting point that falls at the higher end of the tariff reasons should be given and those reasons should relate to the circumstances of the
 offence.  On the other hand when identifying any aggravating factors they should relate more to the offender.  On occasions the distinction can be blurred and so as to ensure that the same factors are not considered as both relevant to the selection of a
 starting point and considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536436 as aggravating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7815330 
 factors reasons should be given in both cases.  The Court of Appeal did not consider this aspect of the Petitioner\rquote s complaint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5508356 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7815330 [35]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5864988 However the real issue is whether the head sentence of 14 years in respect of each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3358156 
conviction amounts to a miscarriage of the sentencing discretion.  The Petitioner has not indicated what his sentence should be.  Clearly the totality principle needed to be applied here as it would be unacceptable to have ordered four consecutive sen
tences of 14 years.  But on the other hand the Petitioner could not reasonably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7865554 have expected to receive a total sentence f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3963769 or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7865554  four convictions of rape that resembled a sentence for one conviction of rape.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7815330 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7865554 [36]\tab It follows that regardless of what approach a s
entencing judge adopts in the exercise of the discretion, one final step should always be taken.  That step is to take one pace back and assess the proposed sentence and ask whether that sentence is consistent with the accepted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8678240 sentencing principles and meets current community expectations for punishing an offender who in this case has raped an 18 years old girl on four separate occasions as a result of deceit and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549522 threats.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7865554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549522 [37]\tab In this case I am satisfied that the learned Judge should have provided some basis for selecting the high}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3963769 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549522  starting point.  On the other hand I am also satisfied that for the reasons stated the sentence imposed for the four convictions of rape does not indicate that the sentencing discretion has miscarried. 
\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5846273 [38]\tab In this petition, i
t is appropriate to briefly comment on the matter of the petitioner\rquote s prior criminal history.  In April 2014 he was convicted at the Labasa Magistrates Court for \'93General Dishonesty\'94
 and fined $25.00 with an order to pay $25.00 as compensation to the complainant.  In October of the same year he was convicted again at the Labasa Magistrates Court for \'93Traffic in Obsc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15478507 ene}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5846273  Publication\'94 and sentenced to 9 months imprisonment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8615911 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15478507 
\par [39]\tab The learned Judge did not expressly refer to these matters but in keeping with the structured approach to sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183 he had considered the prior history when he found that there w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536436 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183  no mitigating factors working in favour of the Petitioner.  There was no deduction for being a person of good character.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15478507\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183\charrsid10179183 
\par [40]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183 It is apparent that a trial Judge sentencing an offender in Fiji is require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11950797 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10179183  to consider prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11950797 convictions if the convictions require }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183 a determination that the offender is \'93
a habitual offender\'94 under Part III (Sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11212918 
10-14) of the Sentencing and Penalties Act 2009.  One of the consequences of such a determination by a sentencing judge is the requirement to impose consecutive sentences rather than concurrent sentences.  It is apparent that the learned 
Judge did not regard the 2014 offences as justifying a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid414751 determination that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11212918  the petitioner was \'93a habitual offender\'94
 since he had ordered the sentences to be served concurrently.  I cannot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11950797 fault t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11212918 hat conclusion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183\charrsid10179183 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11536436 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8615911\charrsid15279557 Conclusion
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8615911\charrsid15279557 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5846273 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10179183 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8615911\charrsid15279557 ]\tab For the reasons outlined 
above I have concluded that none of the grounds of appeal in the Petition satisfy the jurisdictional threshold in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.  In particular none of the grounds would constitute a grave and substantial miscarriage of justice on 
account of leave not being granted.  As a result I would refuse leave to appeal on all 14 grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7102924 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 Goddard J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8615911\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536436 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15343069 \tab I concur with this judgment in every respect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7102924 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11536436 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 Mataitoga J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5508356 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536436 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1661089 \tab I have read the judgment of Calanchini J in draft.  I agree with reasons and conclusion reached therein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid15279557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1974660 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3961227\charrsid10964575 Order
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11536436\charrsid11536436 Leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11536436 appeal against conviction and sentence is refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3961227\charrsid11536436 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3684397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3684397\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6363151\charrsid15279557 The Hon. Mr. Justice William Calanchini
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363632\charrsid6363632 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363151\charrsid6363632 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li4320\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363151\charrsid6363632 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6363151\charrsid15279557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6363151\charrsid15279557 The Hon. Madam Justice Dame L. Goddard
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363632\charrsid6363632 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363151\charrsid6363632 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li4320\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ulth\insrsid6363151\charrsid15279557 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3764679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6363151\charrsid15279557 The Hon. Mr. Justice Isikeli Mataitoga
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6363632\charrsid6363632 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid6363151\charrsid6363632 
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