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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid990795 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid4918216\charrsid990795 [CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid990795\charrsid287405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 Criminal Petition No: CAV 0008 of 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920\charrsid287405 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 [On Appeal from the Court of Appeal Criminal Appeal No: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 AAU0069/12;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405  HAC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid5517180\charrsid287405 60 of 2011]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li5387\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5387\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid728426\charrsid287405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid990795 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10112208\charrsid990795 LEPANI  TEMO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid990795 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 Petitioner
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid990795 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid990795 THE  STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid287405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-993\li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 Coram:\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 The Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi447\li993\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin993\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 The Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 William Calanchini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 , Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi447\li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 Filimone Jitoko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 , Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-993\li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 Counsel:\tab 
Petitioner in Person
\par \tab Dr. A Jack for the Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid287405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405  June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 , 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par Date of Judgment:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10112208\charrsid287405  June, 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid287405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid287405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4918216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4918216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs40 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs40\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4918216 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216 Gates J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid4794199 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid4794199 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10112208 This petition seeks to challenge the trial judge\rquote s decision to admit the caution interview of the Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16650366 and to hold his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224697 admissions therein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650366  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10112208 as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 having been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10112208 given voluntarily and without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650366 oppression.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10112208   The petitioner was detained in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650366 excess of 48 hours, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5063623 
in breach of the protection against over lengthy detention,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  extended by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561252 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 onstitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561252 of 1997 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 [section 13(1)(f)].  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 ere
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14287036 challenge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14287036 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  the reliability of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 
witnesses identification of the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 and to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 s directi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 inally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  it was claimed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 
the judge had paid insufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 heed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888  to the evidence of two doctors who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11075888 considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 death}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4289912  woul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 d have followed swiftly from the blows of the cane knife, therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 it is argued
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1599686 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11677920  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 not making }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11677920 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4289912 possible for the dying victim to have given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428255 out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4289912  the name of the petitioner to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10371798 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4289912 witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10371798 es}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4289912 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11556171 
\par [2]\tab The petitioner had been charged with a single count of murder contrary to section 237 of the Crimes Act.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14035261 Between the 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid14035261\charrsid14035261 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14035261  and 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid14035261\charrsid14035261 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14035261  of May 2012 he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11556171 tried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14035261 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11556171  the Labas}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361 a High Court before a judge and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14035261  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11556171 assess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14029116 ors.  He was convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid20583 upon the unanimous opinions of the assessors and the judgment of the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14029116 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid20583 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14029116 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid14029116\charrsid14029116 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14029116  May 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid20583 
.  He was sentenced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14029116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid20583 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14029116 
imprisonment for life and ordered to serve a minimum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1599686 term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2648732 
of 18 years; more accurately that was a minimum term to be served before pardon might be considered [section 237 Crimes Act \endash  Penalty].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14054540 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3166690 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14054540 [3]\tab He had been represented at the trial by experienced Counsel.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16400492 
\par [4]\tab On 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid16400492\charrsid16400492 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16400492  July 2016 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13466718 petitioner
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16400492  application to the single judge of the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal against conviction and sentence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10228524 was rejected.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16400492 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10228524 
\par [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5974597 Leave to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9066397 ppeal against sentence was re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13466718 
newed before the Full Court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518525 Witnesses had seen the petitioner pursuing the victim into a neighbour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518525 s compound, and after she had fallen to the ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2518525  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361 he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518525  slash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23361 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2518525  her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 at least }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518525 twice with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 a cane knife.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2518525 One of these blows had caused a gaping hole wound on the left side of her neck. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 She died shortly afterwards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10228524 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16469888 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16469888 Passing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983  sentence the Judge had said:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4284646 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1026\li2160\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin2160\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7101048\charrsid7101048 \'938.\tab 
This was a violent and unnecessary attack on a defenceless
 woman who was in fear of you despite your earlier loving relationship.  To reflect that horrific crime and to protect the community for some time in the future, I order that you serve a minimum term of eighteen years for this offence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4284646\charrsid7101048 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7101048 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 [7]\tab Unsurprisingly there ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15610325 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 
 been no further appeal against sentence to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15610325 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 .
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid401983\charrsid4284646 The evidence
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 
\par [8]\tab The petitioner was a cousin of the victim.  He was farming at S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133185 q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133185 lu on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 Taveuni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133185  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14287036 Island}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 .  He paid money as rent to the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386  Susana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386  who was the caretaker of 2 acres of land for her sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 \rquote s husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 .  The sister lived overseas.  The exact position with the land was not clear.  There was ill feeling between members of the local community and the petitioner, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9185789 there had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 hostile }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 interference with his farming efforts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9185789 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 He said youths and others were angry with him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 hey wanted him to move away.  He said they used foul language on him.  On one occasion he found the camp at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386\charrsid8736796 Qa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11741358 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386\charrsid8736796 vulo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839928 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386\charrsid8736796  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 where he stayed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6839928 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437386  had been destroyed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid401983 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14287036 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 
 one time Susana had been separated from her husband.  During this time the petitioner and Susana had started an affair.  It was suggested that when the husband came back, Susana ended the affair.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 
\par [10]\tab Maria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 Pateresia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112  was staying with Susana for 2 months before the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13202112\charrsid13202112 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112  of November 2011, the day Susana met her death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842  the evening}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 he and Susana left home at around 7pm.  It was still daylight.  They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 walked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 
 along a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5193367 gravel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 
 road to the main road.  Susana ran ahead.  Maria realized she had dropped a jacket along the way, and retraced her steps to pick it up.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5193367 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4284646 [11]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 As she did so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5193367 , she noticed a ma
n coming out from their house gate.  She rejoined Susana.  She saw that the man was following her.  He had a cane knife in his h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 and.  At that time and distance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5193367 she did not recognize him.  She told Susana to run.  He was walking quickly.  As he came past her, she recognized it was her first cousin Lepani, the petitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13202112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15086282 
\par [12]\tab Susana, with the man following, ran into the driveway of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7280593 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15086282  European man called Colin.  Maria went }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15086282  another driveway of the same property.  She met one Mereia who lived in Colin\rquote s compound.  She asked if she had seen Susana.  Mereia }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 informed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 
that Susana was there.  Maria saw Susana lying on the ground.  She had a cut on her neck which was open to the bone.  Her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 arms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 
 and legs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531  shaking.  Others had gathered around}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842  were attending }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 a party which was taking place at Colin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 s property.  She asked for a first-aid kit which was brought.  She called out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14287036 Susana
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531  name but there was no answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15086282 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 
\par [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 \tab Colin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 Caines }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 was a retired }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16140508 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 ngineer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  from England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 .  I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 t was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 compound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  that Susana was seen to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 run}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 fall over.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 He saw two persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  a man and a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736796 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7676628  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 run}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  into his compound.  The man }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 pursuing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 pulled the woman to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  side }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 he said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 and he saw her being struck with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14909372  he thought was a stick.  Another witness, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 Matei, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14909372 also living in Colin\rquote s compound, ran up, at which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115516 the man who had struck Susana, ran off down the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504842 
same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115516 driveway.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15144531 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115516 
\par [14]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073 Dr Asesela Matai was working all day at the hospital.  She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 received}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7608073  a call from a woman seeking an ambulance to go to Soq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 ul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073 She made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073 necessary arrangements}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073  and went to Colin\rquote s place with a medical team.  They must have arrived half an hour after the call.  By }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7608073  Dr Matai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 saw a woman known to her, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 former}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4720380  patient Susana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4720380  lying on the ground.  From her examination Dr Matai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 realised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693  Susana had already died.  She noticed the laceration on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 nape on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 neck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693  which was very deep.  She concluded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4408693  probably a wound caused by a chopper or a knife with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 great deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693  of force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2115516 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693 
\par [15]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4531766 The pathologist Dr Goundar gave evidence of his findings from the post mortem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4531766  had conducted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 on Susana\rquote s body }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4531766 on 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4531766\charrsid4531766 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4531766  November 2011.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 detailed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4531766 the injuries and said the cause of death was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 deep cut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid75129  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 on the left side of the neck measuring 9cm x 4cm.  The cut extended to the 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid5271060\charrsid5271060 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 cervical vertebra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  which was fractured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10813938 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6300 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 he spinal cord was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6300 also severed as well as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 vertebra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  artery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4408693 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 
\par [16]\tab The police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 questioned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  the petitioner.  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391415 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  commenced the interview on Monday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5271060\charrsid5271060 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  November 2011 in the morning.  Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 Lemaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 , a Legal Aid lawyer, who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4068697 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  asked by a policeman to see the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391415 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060  spoke to him.  She gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2391415 the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4068697  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217 certain advice and then left the station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5271060 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217 
\par [17]\tab The petitioner made admissions during the interview}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3693427 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12802218 
which were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217 recorded in his caution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9661272 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9661272   He spoke of the affair he had been having with the victim when the husband was away.  He said he had many problems with the land.  Some of it amounted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15557097 
sabotage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16272111  of his use of the land he rented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8782728 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16272111 
 and on which he had planted crops.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5975627   He blamed Susana\rquote s relatives for this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233217 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5975627 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719255 [18]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15094161 Earlier in the interview the circumstances of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12548850 his }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15094161 meeting up with Susana and Maria on the road on the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid15094161\charrsid15094161 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15094161  November were put to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 etitioner.  He denied being there and said he did not know anything }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 about}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549  it.  He said he was at his farmhouse.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12548850 Later h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 e was taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12548850 by the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 to the farm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 house, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4921549  search warrant was executed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549  and clothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 was }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 seized.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 was then allowed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 rest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719255 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 
\par [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161862 The interview }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 resumed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161862  on 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid15161862\charrsid15161862 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161862  November 2011.  He was asked if he wanted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461630 contact a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161862  lawyer.  He said he would \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15161862\charrsid13454941 look for a lawyer in court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161862 .\'94  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 It was put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15733314  to him that they had found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15733314 his farmhouse, the clothing which he had been identified as wearing by the witnesses.  He admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 that he had not been at his farmhouse at that time.  The 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105573 allegation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826  the identifying witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 Maria was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 put to him.  He admitted he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 wanted to go and see Susana, and that he had brought with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 him a knife.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7995420 accepted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 he had been wearing the seized clothing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4921549 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 
\par [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9057698 He said he called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 out to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9057698 Susana but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9057698 she did not stop.  She ran into the compound of the E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9726275 
uropean.  She was sitting down looking at him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4399497   He asked her about his 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 blocks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6425208 of land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 on which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3230138 he had already plant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 
ed and which now she had cleaned (meaning removed his plantings).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4350310   She said an order had already been given for him not to plant there.  He said \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4350310\charrsid13454941 my mind was blank and I chopped her with the knife I was holding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4350310 .\'94  He chopped her 3 times.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 then ran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4350310  back to his farm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418826 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4350310 
\par [21]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086752 He was asked about the knife.  He said he hid it underneath a tree.  After lunch the petitioner accompanied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 some of the o}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086752 fficer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086752  back to the farm and showed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11086752  where he had hidden the knife.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 
e showed them where various parts of the story had occurred.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11811003 He said the knife was the same knife he had used to chop Susana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916 
.  It was forensically tested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1447099 , but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10296916  analysis came back negative for blood.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12588563 A police witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1447099 , PC Jone Drauna had taken the knife to the laboratory.  He said the knife had been cleaned and wrapped in plastic and given to the Forensic Office
r Cpl. Leone.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10231054 It is not clear when and why the knife was cleaned, and whether this was an investigative error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4350310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792 
\par [22]\tab He was charged on the same day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12211792\charrsid12211792 th}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  November 2011.  He said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12211792\charrsid13454941 \'93I didn\rquote t mean to kill her.  I struck her with the knife to only injure her.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8076958\charrsid13454941  That is all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14171049\charrsid13454941 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792 
\par 
\par [23]\tab Both statements were challenged at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049 outset}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049 ,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  and after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12211792\charrsid15555402  voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12211792  hearing the judge ruled the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049 statements to have been made }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13842790 voluntarily and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14171049 were therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13842790 admissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12211792 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5715419 
\par [24]\tab The petitioner maintained his challenge in the main trial.  He gave sworn evidence and called one witness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5715419 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4734497\charrsid7237678 The Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
\par [25]\tab The Full Court considered that the grounds before them in what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497  meant to be a renewal of his a
pplication for leave to appeal before the single judge had \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4734497\charrsid8998775 very little similarity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 \'94
 to the grounds brought before the single judge.  The court nonetheless, because this was a murder conviction, permitted the grounds to be argued.  Those grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497  similar to those argued before us.  The appeal had been rejected.
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4734497\charrsid7237678 Before the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
\par [26]\tab Temo, ACJ requested representation for the petitioner to be provid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 ed by the Legal Aid Commission.  This was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
prior to any decision on the merits on his own application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 having been finalised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
.  That request was attended to and an amended petition was lodged on the 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4734497\charrsid4734497 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4734497 
 of May 2023.  The petitioner has been ably assisted by the LAC and its counsel at the hearing.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845753 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2845753\charrsid7237678 Ground 1 \endash  Wrongful admission of caution interview
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845753 
\par [27]\tab It is argued that there had been a wrongful assessment of the evidence in light of the injuries he had sustained, and that the independent defence witness had not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid402292 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845753  considered.
\par 
\par [28]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 The independent witness was the Legal Aid Lawyer Ms Lemaki.  Interestingly enough she was attending }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 
the Taveuni Court sitting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3410682 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941  for that week}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 
.  In cross-examination she admitted it was a police officer who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 asked her to see the petitioner.  She said \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9509762\charrsid13454941 Yes, I was in the station when PC asked me to go and see him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13454941\charrsid13454941 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9509762   She asked for privacy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8998775 whereupon}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762  the officers left that room }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 to permit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 to speak to the petitioner in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6313691 private}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845753 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 
\par [29]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 In the interview h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1474027 is constitutional rights were given to him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 If they were about to assault him in the way the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263  had been done }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 to him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854306 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 n the afternoon of the Monday (21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11739263\charrsid11739263 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263  November 2011) why would they invite Ms Lemaki to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 come and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 attend to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 .  After all she might call back }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263  the interview, and take full instructions.  She was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9461523 to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13454941 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 in Taveuni for the whole week of the court sittings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9509762 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 
\par [30]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246 She said the petitioner informed her that the police were pressuring him to admit the allegation.  She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 tendered}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246  approp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 riate advice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246 
 about his rights, including his right to silence.  She was asked why she did not stay for the interview if he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246 
 pressure.  She had no answer to this question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11739263 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246 
\par [31]\tab The following exchange}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 took place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4785747 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246  cross-examination:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5968246 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5968246\charrsid1706634 \'93You didn\rquote t believe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16650403 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5968246\charrsid1706634 e being
\par \tab pressured.\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab He looked alright
\par 
\par \tab No injuries\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Didn\rquote t see any
\par 
\par \tab Distress\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab No
\par 
\par \tab Back at work Thursday/Friday\tab \tab \tab Yes
\par 
\par \tab Check on him on Thursday?\tab \tab \tab \tab No
\par 
\par \tab Tell Temo he could call on you
\par \tab again?\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1706634 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5968246\charrsid1706634 No.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12525765 
\par [32]\tab This evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13251875 seemed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12525765  to indicate that the witness did not consider the petitioner was under any threat o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12352139 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4548388  subject to any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12525765 impropriety.
\par 
\par [33]\tab In its judgment the Court of Appeal summarized the allegations against the police [at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12525765\charrsid10705335 para.26]:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12525765\charrsid1706634 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 On 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1719167  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 November in a Police cell at Taveuni Police Station he was put in to a room and handcuffed.
\par 
\par b)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 then he was tied to a chair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 c)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 he was hit on legs with a stone the size of which was described like a rugby ball.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi360\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 d)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 he was forced to lie on the ground and gagged with a piece of cloth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 e)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 he was stomped and chilli was rubbed all over his body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 f)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 the Police put chillie powder into his eyes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 g)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 rubbed the genital with chillie.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 h)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 he was kicked and stomped on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 he was trampled by the Police Officer.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li1701\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 j)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 he was assaulted on 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1719167  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 November, the whole evening.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
While the assault continued the appellant became unconscious, incontinent and after he regained consciousness, the Police had stomped on him, hit his back with a stone and while wearing the boots, they walked on his body.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid1706634 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10705335\charrsid10705335 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12525765 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10705335 [34]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14045854 In the main trial, p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1992692 rosecuting counsel called }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996973 Dr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8272489 Sowani.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13393354 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4996973 
 2011 he was the Sub-divisional Medical Officer at the Taveuni Hospital.  It seems the police asked him to see the petitioner on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820218 Friday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820218  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820218  25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10820218\charrsid10820218 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820218  November 2011.  In his evidence the petitioner did not refer to this.  He only said the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3563710 took him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12195602 to the hospital on the Saturday, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3563710\charrsid3563710 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12195602 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710 November 2011, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12195602 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710  he was admitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10705335 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710 
\par [35]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid294319 On the Friday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid294319  Dr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13836452 Sowani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid294319  saw the petitioner in the police cell.  He complain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid294319  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2887962 to the doctor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid294319 of a painful knee.  On examination the doctor noticed a swollen knee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid294319  with 2 small }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604888 lesions, partially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392 
healed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11490197 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392  with redness.  He prescribed antibiotics.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 
A scar was forming.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392 The doctor considered this condition was \'933 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1318392\charrsid1845506 to 4 days old or more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392 .\'94  There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392  no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139908  other}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392  visible injuries on the petitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3563710 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392 
\par [36]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7943199 The Court of Appeal noted that the doctor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 
 the knee condition was the result of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 cellulitis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603  and an infected lesion.  The medical evidence had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 revealed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603  no bruises, lacerations or abrasions or any signs of distress on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 part of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8523962 petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318392 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665097 
\par [37]\tab When I say \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12665097\charrsid12191993 medical evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665097 \'94 it is important to distinguish oral evidence and exhibited document
s, from a bundle of disclosures not referred to by a witness and which have not been formally made an exhibit at the trial.  A bundle of disclosures are not evidence in a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12665097\charrsid12665097 unless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12191993 referred to by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid811090 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12191993 witness, without objection which has been accepted by the court, and which have been formally marked as exhibits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12665097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12191993 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 ]\tab In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15491603\charrsid10513929 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 , but not in the main trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1845506 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603  Sergeant Baleiwai, who was not p
art of the investigation team, said he took the petitioner to court on Thursday 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid15491603\charrsid15491603 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 
 November.  He said the petitioner had no injuries on him and that he made no complaint.  He made no complaint to the Magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13962505 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 
 to Sgt. Baleiwai.  He was walking normally.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 He referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4935786 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4935786 petitioner\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 complaint of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 knee pain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929  and of Dr Sowani visiting him in the cell on the evening of 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid10513929\charrsid10513929 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 
 November, the Friday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 .  On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 Saturday 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid10513929\charrsid10513929 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929  he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13322441 said the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 was taken to hospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15491603 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10425582 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465914 The trial judge in his ruling made it clear that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5274828 the burden was on the prosecution to prove the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 admissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5274828 
 had been made voluntarily, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7301266 proved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5274828 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5274828  beyond reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3880033 able doubt.  The Court of Appeal made no error in accepting the judge
\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3880033  in a passage of the ruling headed \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3880033\charrsid8011093 Discussion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 \'94  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13963137 read}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8011093 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10513929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3880033 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 Discussion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 15.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 The evidence of the Police Officers 
was consistent, honest and credible. They were at pains then to establish the true involvement of the accused in this homicide. I believe them and find their evidence reliable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 16.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
While the accused in giving evidence does not have to prove anything to me, the State having to prove their case beyond reasonable doubt, I did not believe his evidence. Had he been subject to the physical abuse he claims, he would have suffered far more 
i
njuries and displayed marks of abuse and violence than he then presented with. His knee injury could well have been caused by mishap "in the bush" as was an earlier ankle injury that he told the interviewer about. In the round, I prefer the evidence of th
e Police Officers over that of the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 17.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
The accused tells me that he changed his story on the third day of interview because of the assaults. I find that there were no such assaults and therefore the reason for him changing his stance in the interv
iew remains unexplained by the evidence before me.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 18.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
I find that the answers given by the accused on each of the three days of the interview were given freely and voluntarily as was his response to the formal charge of murder. There is no evidence befor
e me of oppression which would cause me to exercise my discretion to exclude the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033 19.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
The cautioned interview and the charge statement are both admissible and may be led by the State in the trial on the general issue\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3880033\charrsid3880033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6381617 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6177903 40}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6381617 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15298374 Whilst the cause of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12137291 knee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6827127  condition was not established, it was open for the judge to conclude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid745412 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6827127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12137291 in view of the prior ankle injury previously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4471168 mentioned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12137291  by the petitioner as having occurred in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15276314 bush}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid745412 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12137291 
that that condition could have occurred similarly, and not in the way that he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15276314 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12137291  in the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499453 
\par 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid745412 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499453 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405710 Even his c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331257 ounsel conceded in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405710 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405710 submissions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331257  that the petitioner may have exaggerated the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3086810 extent of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544054 officer
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3086810  threats and assaults against him.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 owever, as w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526155 
as borne out in the Ruling, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 falsehoods went to the credibility of the petitioner.  The re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12137291 asoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017  of the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526155 for reject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12977294 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16526155 
 the petitioner\rquote s allegations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 was sufficient for his ruling and not obviously wrong.  This ground must fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14499453 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6693017\charrsid7930889 Ground 2 \endash  Not brought to court within 48 hours
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12008726 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8024619 It is urged that the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4215551 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8024619  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306883 detained in excess of 48 hours in breach of his rights under the Constitution }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539 of 1997}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11141564 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539  then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11141564 pertaining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306883 [Section 27(1)(b)].  That section reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6693017 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri289\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin289\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306883 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306883\charrsid7930889 \'93Arrested or detained persons
\par 
\par \tab 27. \endash  (1) Every person who is arrested or detained has the right:
\par \tab (3)\tab Every person who is arrested for a suspected offence has the right:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13306883\charrsid7930889 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri289\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin289\lin1985\itap0\pararsid990795\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13306883\charrsid7930889 \'85..
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13306883\charrsid7930889 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
to be brought before a court no later than 48 hours after the time of arrest or, if that is not reasonably possible, as soon as possible thereafter; and\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7742079 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583 ]\tab Though this gro
und was argued before the Court of Appeal it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539 never urged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583  as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14225583\charrsid6621802 litigation issue before the High Court.  Goundar J, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583\charrsid6621802 
 the single judge, had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539 commented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583\charrsid6621802  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10820539 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583\charrsid6621802 his ground:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13306883\charrsid6621802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14225583\charrsid6621802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1134\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6621802\charrsid7930889 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6621802\charrsid7930889 At trial, the appellant challenged the admissibility of his conf
ession on the ground that he was assaulted by the police during interrogation. The appellant did not expressly raise oppression as a ground to challenge the admissibility of his confession in the court below. The appellant was represented by counsel at tr
ial. Mr. Savou could not explain why the appellant\rquote s trial counsel did not raise oppression as a ground to challenge the admissibility of the appellant\rquote 
s confession. If it was raised, the prosecution would have led evidence to rebut the ground alleging oppr
ession. In my judgment, by not raising the issue in the trial court, the appellant has effectively waived the ground and is barred from raising it for the first time on appeal.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14225583\charrsid7930889 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6621802 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8999772 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6621802 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 Because this was not raised as part of the challenge to the caution interview and charge statement, the witnesses did not have their mind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5271039 directed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114  to provide explanation and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5271039 answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114  to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15153857 
specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 criticism.  This situation was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4272194 commented }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5271039 adversely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114\charrsid9306675 Varani v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114  [2015] FJCA 145.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6621802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8999772 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5271039 Suffice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003 to say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3435463 ,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003  the 48 hour rule as written is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5271039 an absolute}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003  rule.  Depending on the circumstances and reasons, courts have allowed admissions to be held free of oppression and therefore voluntary: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003\charrsid9306675 Maya v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003  [2015] FJSC 30; CAV 0009 of 2015; 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003\charrsid12740003 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12740003  October, 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8130114 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4929002 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956 ]\tab 
On the evidence provided to the court the interviewing officer explained tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4345644 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4345644 interview}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956 
 had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4345644 commenced on Day 1, the Monday.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956 
On the same day the petitioner consulted his lawyer.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5787170 After her departure,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11212985  the interview continued in the afternoon.  The officer said he allowed the petitioner to rest on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10578613 
Tuesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11212985  and further enquires were made on that day and on the Wednesday.  The intervi
ew was completed on the Thursday and he was taken to court on Friday morning.  Some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371 criticism}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8133816 could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8133816 rightly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8133816 levelled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394930 
because of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471 his slow pace, though }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8133816 matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  arising had to be checked.  The decision of the trial judge that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid923105 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  had been no oppression in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid923105 broad sense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  was correct.  His conclusions were not a matter demanding the inter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3239739 vention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471  of this court.  Ground 2 fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15997956 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10973683 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10973683 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10973683\charrsid15933972 Ground 3 \endash 
 Insufficient directions on identification evidence
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10973683 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13377100 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143 So many times such issues are raised in this court in cases where the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16335841 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143 judge has specifically asked both counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16335841 at the end of the summing up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16265214 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16265214 seek}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16265214 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  re-directions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13653444 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16265214 
where none}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12915634 sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15433669 In this case the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143  judge asked for re-directions.  There were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15433669 none}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1577143 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13597530 Subsequently the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10428606 matter is raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13597530  in the appeal courts both here and below in the Court of Appeal.  Identification}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12136837  in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11945269 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12136837  trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13597530 , on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371 evidence, was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9258363 a live}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371  issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9773471 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12928973 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371 ]\tab Petitioner\rquote s counsel has referred to identifying }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15220881 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15220881\charrsid10186093 witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid483870 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9661123  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15220881 in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9661123 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10186093 submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9661123   There was only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10186093\charrsid13319088 one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9661123  identifying witness and that was Maria Pateresia.  The judge omitted to state in his summing up to the assessors that Maria and the petitioner were first cousins.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 That is a close relationship.  It was an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15624418 incidental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430  advantage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16326208 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 for the petitioner not to have t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4658451 his important fact referred to i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 n the summing up.  The identification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12928973 here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 was of a person by recognition.  He was not a stranger.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5192371 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8682978 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11161998 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1328668 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11161998 
 evidence Maria said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14354430 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11161998 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1434\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin1434\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11080092\charrsid14025477 \'93
He was coming quickly walking.  When I called out to Susana to run, he was also running towards Susana\rquote 
s side.  He ran past me.  I stepped to the side.  I looked at him.  Saw his face.  He was familiar.  It was Lepani.  We are related.  We are first cousins.  He was wearing black army boots, brown \'be and jackets and a back pac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8923804\charrsid14025477 k and a hat.  Bucket Hat.  (Accused Identified).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15933972\charrsid14025477 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11161998\charrsid14025477 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8923804 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8682978 [50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8923804 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9137539 In cross-examination she replied as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8923804 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9137539 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7085329\charrsid14025477 \'93When he ran past }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12520034\charrsid14025477 
you stepped aside.\tab \tab \tab Yes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9137539\charrsid14025477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12520034\charrsid14025477 \tab You saw his face and he looked at you.\tab \tab \tab Yes.
\par \tab Wearing black army boots, brown \'be jacket, bucket hat.\tab Yes.
\par \tab So bucket that goes around head.\tab \tab \tab \tab Yes, bucket covering his fac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2573766 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16347193\charrsid14025477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12520034\charrsid14025477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16347193\charrsid14025477 \tab Suggest that at time are 7.30\tab .\tab \tab \tab Yes but not yet.
\par \tab Getting dark.\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Nearly dark.
\par \tab Suggest that the hat would prevent from having.
\par \tab seeing his face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5992250\charrsid14025477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16347193\charrsid14025477 \tab \tab 
\tab \tab \tab \tab No.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4721120\charrsid14025477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5992250\charrsid14025477 \tab Suggest that it was not Lepani Temo.\tab \tab \tab It was him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16347193\charrsid14025477 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5992250\charrsid14025477 \tab You mistaken about whether it was Lepani Temo.\tab \tab Not mistaken.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4721120 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12155261 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11694856 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12155261 ]\tab On the exact time of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14046235 sighting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12155261  an issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14046235 
relevant to the amount of light }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986 that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14046235 left}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986  of the day to permit recognition, she said in re-examination:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4721120 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986\charrsid9451443 \'93Difference between 7pm and 7.30pm.\tab \tab \tab When we took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14427606\charrsid9451443 off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8722986\charrsid9451443 , I had phone
\par \tab say it was 6pm?\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab and it was 6.30pm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid935440\charrsid9451443 .
\par 
\par \tab How long to walk from house to road.\tab \tab \tab 10 \endash  15 minutes.
\par 
\par \tab Was it before 7pm or after?\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 7pm.
\par 
\par \tab How you sure it was Lepani who ran past.\tab \tab \tab Because I saw his face.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid935440 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9451443\charrsid9451443 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid935440 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12533822 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid935440 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15610442 Maria\rquote s r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6951624 ecognition was of her cousin at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11601859 very}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6951624  close }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11601859 quarters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1002473 
 passing within }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11601859 feet of each other on a rural track.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1002473 
\par 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12533822 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1002473 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3045543 The judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3936362 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3045543 
 in his charge to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11165941 assessors [para.13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3936362 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11165941  put the defence case on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16524458 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11165941 se issues:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin288\lin1134\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11165941 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11165941\charrsid1401612 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11746388\charrsid1401612 
It was suggested to Maria in cross-examination that she had got her times wrong and that it was getting dark and so she would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1724842\charrsid1401612 n\rquote 
t not have been able to have seen these events very clearly.  Mr Waqainabete also suggested to Maria that the hat the man was wea
ring would have obscured her view of his face and she therefore could not be sure that it was Lepani.  He finally suggested to her that as she did not see any chopping, she could not then be sure that it was Lepani who had wielded the fatal blows.  These 
are all matters for you to consider Ladies and Gentlemen.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1724842 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12533822 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1724842 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213 The Court of Appeal concluded that the summi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8080446 ng up should have been in greater }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213 detail with regard to the issue of recognition made by Maria.  The Court considered that the case for the prosecution did not depend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid12395342 \'93wholly or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1189074\charrsid12395342 substantially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid12395342  on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1189074\charrsid12395342 correctness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid12395342  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6638036\charrsid12395342 one or more }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12718585\charrsid12395342 identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6638036\charrsid12395342 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid12395342  of the accused which the appellant alleged to be mistaken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12395342\charrsid12395342 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid4683819 R v Turnb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7233409 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213\charrsid4683819 ll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213  [1977] QB 224 at 228 \endash  231.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11304153 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15688213 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4683819 With respect,
 I must disagree.  Identification was a substantial part of the prosecution case, and for that reason the judge should have given more extensi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5201019 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3869066  directions to the assessors.  Now that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7959526 they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3869066  will sit without assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102747 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15610700 judges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3873513 will need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6102747 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018 demonstrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651 
 in their findings that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018 they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651  have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018 borne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651  in mind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651  special need for caution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018 , and to note the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018\charrsid9443018 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9443018  directions relevant to the circumstances of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651 
.  Even in a case where the defence has not raised the issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5769772 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651 
 the judge should consider the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651\charrsid13304651 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13304651 
 directions in arriving at his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5769772 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431  decision: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431\charrsid11959426 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11959426 eckford }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431\charrsid11959426 v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431  97 Cr. App. R 409, PC.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132 
\par [56]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132\charrsid15999034 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132  2010 Ed. at 14 \endash 
 17 pp. 1576 \endash  7 sets out the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132\charrsid15999034 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3305132 
 requirements which can assist judges in tailoring in their judgments the necessary acknowledgments of those requirements relevant to their particular cases.  They are:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-556\li1701\ri289\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin289\lin1701\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642\charrsid11747930 \'93(a)\tab 
warn the jury of the special need for caution before convicting on that evidence (ante, 14-2);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11747930\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642\charrsid11747930 (b)\tab instruct the jury as to the reason for such need (ante, 14-2);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11747930\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1854152\charrsid11747930 (c)\tab 
refer the jury to the fact that a mistaken witness can be a convincing witness, and that a number of witnesses can be mistaken (ante, 14-2);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4278642 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11747930\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1854152\charrsid11747930 (d)\tab direct the injury to examine closely the circumstances in which each identification was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8147890\charrsid11747930 (ante, 14-3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1854152\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3237557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8147890\charrsid11747930 (e)\tab remind the jury of any specific weaknesses in the identification evidence (ante, 14-3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8147890\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3237557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8147890\charrsid11747930 (f)\tab where appropriate, remind the jury that mistaken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930  recognition can occur even of close relatives and friends (ante, 14-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1772800\charrsid11747930 
4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 );}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8147890\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3237557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 (g)\tab identify to the jury evidence capable of supporting the identification (ante, 14-8); and
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3237557 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 (h)\tab identify evidence which might appear to support the identification but which does not in fact have that quality (ante, 14-8)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11747930\charrsid11747930 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15365529\charrsid11747930 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1776040\charrsid11747930 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10643323 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12141431 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031 But the Court of Appeal was correct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16197330 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031  stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16197330 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031 
 that the case rested mainly on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16197330 strength}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031 
 of the caution interview statement.  Therefore it was proper also to apply the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1048658 proviso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031  to section 23(1) of the Court of Appeal Act.  Ground 3 fails.
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031\charrsid15099842 Ground 4 \endash  Whether the evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2888521 two Doctors invalidated the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5862918 evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2888521 other witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031\charrsid15099842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1776040 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6628031 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6241264 This ground argues that in view of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16272639 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6241264 medical opinions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16272639 expressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14707253 estimating Susana\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6241264  life}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  expectancy following the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10776359 grave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  knife }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8018524 wound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10776359 inflicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8018524 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  neck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10776359 , doubt
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10776359 cast}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  on the accounts given by the two witnesses who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4001536 supposedly and separately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668 heard the dying victim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10755482 uttering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  the name \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668\charrsid11361856 Lepani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668 .\'94  If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid790699 believed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid790699 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9896668 witness}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12351909 es }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid790699 in this part of their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12351909 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15794630 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12351909 
 establish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2391549 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12351909  the identity of the perpetrator.
\par 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9058593 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12351909 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16612557 The single jud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331497 ge refused leave on this ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14817822 .  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331497 stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14817822 
the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16331497  ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14817822 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 arguable, since there was no real }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14817822 contradiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414   The Full Court did not rule on this ground and it is not clear whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10566470 that was because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13379174 not urged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 in oral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2954795 argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 .  However the court did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2954795 observe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414  [para.17] that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13185991 neither party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 had asked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14707253 the doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13185991  (the pathologist) about the speaking ability of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414  deceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2309663 in view of her neck injur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9637144 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2309663 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2309663 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2908865 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13001287 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10059002 Dr Asesela Matai was a hospital medical officer, not a pathologist.  Whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid5536309 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10059002  she arrived at the scene, and upon examination of Susana lying on the ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1728043 she found that Susana had no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10059002 pulse, no cardiac sound, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022 no air }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1728043 entry,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022  fixed and dilated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1728043 eyes,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022  and concluded that she had already died.  O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14632744 f the deep neck wound, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022 she said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022\charrsid2033472 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14632744\charrsid2033472 If wound left untreated, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022\charrsid2033472 
instant death would have destroyed respiratory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14632744\charrsid2033472 reactions.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022   This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14632744 short opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022  was not followed up by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2033472 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8614022 further explanation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2033472 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10557479 more probing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8008735 questioning.  By }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10113359 referring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8008735  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10113359 
treatment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8008735  it must be understood that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4587772 contemplated}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid161029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9133025 some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4587772 treatment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9133025  might have s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10888252 aved her. If left untreated,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6622035  death would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607 follow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10888252 because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607  of the respiratory damage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8463856 that had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607 caused.  I do not interpret }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15549792 Dr Matai\rquote s short}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607  statement to mean that death was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15549792 instantaneous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607  or that for a short time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2033472 Susana }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16394607 would not have been able to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15549792 utter a few words.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid722414 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14159864 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2033472 61}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14159864 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2033472 Similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8866372  in the evidence of the pathologist Dr Goundar, there i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13112446 s no real conflict with the lay witnesses observations.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757 Dr Goundar said of the neck wound }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13112446 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757\charrsid14707253 would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13112446\charrsid14707253 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757\charrsid14707253  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757\charrsid14707253 almost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757\charrsid14707253  instant death.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15951757 \'94  That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 without more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11762791 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11762791 provides}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883  a short window}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1718248 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1718248 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 
in which the victim may have been able to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1718248 utter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883  what she was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1718248 heard to utter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid7864954 moments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1718248 before she died}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14159864 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 
\par [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13507424 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 ]\tab This evidence was capable of being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid2437726 accepted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883  as being without conflict.  This ground must also fail.
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883\charrsid16147029 Result
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 
\par [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13507424 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 ]\tab N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12783168 one of these grounds meet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1922011 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12783168 threshold for intervention by this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883301 .  The petition must be declined and leave refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4344883 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid883301 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16272111 Calanchini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12133503 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216\charrsid4347304  J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883301 
\par [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1922011 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883301 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9048003 
I have had the advantage of reading the Judgment of Gates J in draft form.  I agree with the reasoning and with the orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7544054 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16272111 Jitoko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12133503 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216\charrsid4347304  J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883301 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12914748 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883301 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5190272 
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the judgment of Hon. Gates J.  I agree that leave should be refused and appeal dismissed for the reasons he had given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid883301 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605787 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605787 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid605787\charrsid10560549 Gates, J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605787 
\par [66]\tab The orders of the court are:
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid605787\charrsid10560549 i)\tab Special leave refused;
\par \tab ii)\tab Petition dismissed;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid605787\charrsid10560549 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-567\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid990795\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid605787\charrsid10560549 Conviction and sentence affirmed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10560549 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605787\charrsid605787 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-851\li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid990795 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid605787 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-11\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 _______________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid1117965 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid12204659 Hon. Mr Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4918216\charrsid12204659 Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid12204659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-70\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-70\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216\charrsid1117965 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid990795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216\charrsid1117965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 _______________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid1117965 
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\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid16272111 Justice William Calanchini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4918216\charrsid12204659 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216 ______________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid1117965 
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\cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid4918216\charrsid12204659 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8419366\charrsid14706171 Solicitors:
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