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{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}
{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}
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{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
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{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
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{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
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{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid8156874 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 CRIMINAL  PETITION NO. CAV 0013 OF 2019
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 [Court of Appeal No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370488\charrsid4212598 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 . }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370488\charrsid4212598 AAU0054/16; AAU0059/16; and AAU0062/16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 ]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598\charrsid4212598 
\par B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598 ETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598\charrsid4212598 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4212598 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14370488 1)\tab JOSEPH ABOURIZK}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14370488 \tab \tab \tab \tab 2)\tab JOSESE MURIWAQA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14370488\charrsid3553874 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid2976147 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid10778177 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14370488 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598\charrsid4212598 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598 
ND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598\charrsid4212598 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid6298569 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14370488 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid14113266 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid14113266 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14370488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10357056 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 \tab \tab \tab :\tab The Hon. Mr. Justice Saleem Marsoof
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 The Hon. Mr. Justice Buwaneka Aluwihare
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 Mr M. Thangaraj SC for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 \tab \tab Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7691213\charrsid4212598 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7691213\charrsid4212598  K.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5712839\charrsid4212598 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 ingh and Mr A. Nand for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 
 Petitioner\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid4212598 Mr L. J. Burney and Ms S. Tivao f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 or the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3412419\charrsid4212598 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598  April, 2022\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3412419\charrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 Date of Judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598 \tab :\tab 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994\charrsid4212598  April, 2022    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid10357056\charrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid10357056 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994 Marsoof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid5977102 , J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2436205 
\tab I agree with the well considered judgment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5771994 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2436205  Keith J, which I have perused in draft, and the orders proposed by him.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10357056 Aluwihare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10357056\charrsid5977102 , J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [2]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2432027 I have read the judgment of Keith J in draft and I agree with his reasoning and conclusions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5771994\charrsid16335456 Keith J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491 Introduction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [3]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491 case has become a notorious one.  A very l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2782181\charrsid5716491 
arge quantity of hard drugs was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491  seized by the police \endash  one of the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 
argest hauls ever in Fiji.  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491 o far as we know the two petitioners received the longest sentences ever passed in Fiji on people who deal in drugs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [4]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12090125\charrsid5716491  faced a single charge in the High Court of unlawful possession of illicit drugs contrary to section 5(a) of the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6713368\charrsid5716491  (\'93the Act\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12090125\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12090125\charrsid5716491  They pleaded not guilty at their trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 five }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 assessor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 s expressed the opinion that the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491  were not guilty, but the trial judge, Rajasinghe J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 
 took a different view.  He found them guilty, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12090125\charrsid5716491 sentenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 each of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12090125\charrsid5716491 to 14 years\rquote  imprisonment with a non-parole period of 12 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1190653\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491  applied for leave to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491 against both their conviction and sentence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 to the Court of Appeal.  That application was considered by Goundar J.  He took the view that two of the grounds relied on raised questions of law, and therefore leave to appeal was no
t required in respect of those grounds.  Those grounds related}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491  to the nature of the burden on defendants to rebut the presumption of possession of illicit drugs in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6713368\charrsid5716491 section 32 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491 Act, and whether the trial judge had \'93embellished the test\'94 under section 
237 of the Criminal Procedure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12923811 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491  for disagreeing with the opinion of the assessors.  In additio}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 n, he gave the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491  leave to appeal on the question whether it had been reasonably open to the trial judge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491 to be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 that both petitioners knew that they had illicit drugs in their possession. He also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491 gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 both the petitioners and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210949\charrsid5716491 the State leave to appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 
sentence on the basis that it was arguable that there had been \'93numerous errors in the exercise of the sentencing discretion\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767390\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 ppeal was divided on the appeal against conviction.  Gamalath JA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 delivered a spirited dissenting judgment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491  in favour of allowing the appeal, but Prematilaka and Bandara JJA disagreed, and according}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2782181\charrsid5716491 
ly the appeal of both petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491  was dismissed by a majority.  Gamalath JA did not address the appeal against sentence in view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 f his opinion on the appeal against conviction, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 
Prematilaka and Bandara JJA acceded to the State\rquote s request for the Court to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2782181\charrsid5716491 give a guideline judgment on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491  sentencing in cases of possession of hard drugs.  Having identified the sentenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2782181\charrsid5716491 ing ranges, the majority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491  regarded the sentences passed on the petitioners as inadequate and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14684517\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 increased the sentences of each of them to 25 years\rquote  imprisonment with a non-parole period of 20 years.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 
petitioners now apply for leave to appeal against their conviction and sen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 tence to the Supreme Court.  I trust that I will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2782181\charrsid5716491  be forgiven for going into the facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 in so}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491 me detail:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491  the determination of the question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 whether it was reasonably open to the trial judge on the evidence to be sure that the petitioners knew that they had illicit drugs in their possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491  requires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491  a close analysis of the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid723338\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491   I approach that question with particular care}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491  since that was the issue on which (a) the assessors are li}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 kely to have disagreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 
 with the judge and (b) Gamalath JA disagreed with his colleagues.  I intend no discourtesy to the petitioners if I refer to them by their family names from now on for convenience}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 , when it is necessary to identify to which of the petitioners I am referring.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5524794\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14684517\charrsid5716491 A preliminary point
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357056 [8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8530754\charrsid5716491 Many of the written submissions prepared for the hearing in the Supreme Court focused on where it is alleged the majority of the Court of Appeal went wrong.  However, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8530754\charrsid5716491 Lesi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491  [2018] FJSC 23, the Suprem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8530754\charrsid5716491 
e Court said at para 74:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8530754\charrsid10357056 \'93 \'85 much of the petitioners\rquote 
 focus was on the judgment of the Court of Appeal.  Their grounds for the most part set out the ways in which they say the Court of Appeal fell into error.  That is entirely understandable.  After all, they are seeking leave to appeal from the de
cision of the Court of Appeal.  But it should not be forgotten that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5965667\charrsid10357056  although the Supreme Court is a second-tier court, its focus is still on what happened in the trial court 
\endash  just like the Court of Appeal.  It has the advantage, of course, of the views o
f the Court of Appeal on whether things went wrong in the trial court, but what it ultimately is reviewing is the course which the trial took rather than whether the Court of Appeal\rquote s analysis of the grounds of appeal was correct.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8530754\charrsid10357056 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5965667\charrsid5716491 
That explains why this judgment will not be addressing every way in which it is said that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 
Court of Appeal fell into error, or every aspect of the process of reasoning of Gamalath JA and the majority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5965667\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 The prosecution\rquote s case
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491 The prosecution\rquote s case was based for the most part on the evidence of a senior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 police office, Acting Superintendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Serupepeli Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491 iko.  Informatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491  had been received that a transaction involving drugs was going to take place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 in Lautoka }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491 the next day, 13 July 2015.  Accordingly, on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 following day, he and two other officers }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2571400\charrsid5716491 \endash  all in plain clothes \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 went to Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 .  While there, ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491 iko was advised to loo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 k out for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14049222\charrsid5716491  a car with the registration number HM046.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2975777\charrsid5716491   In the late afternoon, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899251\charrsid5716491 
hey saw the car and began to follow it.  It went through Vuda Marina, and ended up on an unmade gravel road.  It could not go all the way alon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 g that road as there was a cart}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899251\charrsid5716491  obstructing it.  The car turned round, stopped, and two men got out.  It was not disput}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 ed that th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491 e two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 men }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 in the car }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 were the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 , that Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2841506\charrsid5716491 riwaqa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491  had been driving the car, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841506\charrsid5716491 that Abourizk}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491  had been in the front passenger seat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 , and that they had had the car since 7 July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12586459\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13858466\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [10]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote s evidence was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 after he had stopped his car, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6555864\charrsid5716491 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491 e saw the two men go to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 ir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491  car\rquote s boot which they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5127681\charrsid5716491  opened, and then saw some suitcases being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491 thrown out of the boot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491   He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016211\charrsid5716491 said that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491 then saw both men \'93repacking\'94 
some things into black bags.  They closed the boot and got back into the car where each had been sitting.  It is not possible to tell from his evidence at what angle the men\rquote 
s car was to his car.  He demonstrated that to the judge by reference to where the assessors were sitting, but that demonstration does not, of course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491  appear in the transcript of his evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5311293\charrsid5716491 However, he did say that the driver was further from him than the passenger.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491 The only thing blocking his view, though, were shrubs which were about knee high.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8543459\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [11]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 According to ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491 iko, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975777\charrsid5716491 one of the men asked him to move his car, presumably so that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 hey could drive past him.  ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975777\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote 
s car did that, but then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8026130\charrsid5716491 he got out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 
 of his car, went up to the two men, and identified himself as a police officer.  He asked them w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491 
 they were doing there.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 iko }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2975777\charrsid5716491 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 
asked the two men to get out of their car as he wanted to search the boot.  They did so, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 and on searching the boot, ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 iko saw two suitcases,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666278\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 a travel bag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666278\charrsid5716491  and some black bags}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 .  The travel bag and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491  one of the suitcases had padlocks on them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 .  ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 iko said that the keys to these padlocks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 found in the car, and the keys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491  we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 
re used to open the travel bag and the suitcase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 .  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 one of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491 the suitcase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491  were 20 blocks wrapped in plastic an}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 d masking tape, and a further 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73050\charrsid5716491  blocks similarly wrapped}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491  were found in the travel bag.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 iko said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5127681\charrsid5716491 
wo empty suitcases were found nearby.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666278\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 When it was put to ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 iko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12666278\charrsid5716491 
 that there was insufficient room in the boot for those two empty suitcases as well as the suitcases, bags and the travel bag he saw in the boot, he disagreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [12]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 It was never disputed that when analysed the 34 blocks were found to consist of 49.9 kilos of cocaine}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid731824\charrsid5716491 
It should be noted that the other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  two officers with ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid731824\charrsid5716491  N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 iko }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid731824\charrsid5716491 were not calle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16016211\charrsid5716491 d to give evidence at the trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016211\charrsid5716491 
that none of the suitcases, bags or the travel bag were te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid5716491 sted for fingerprints.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 When Abourizk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2234599\charrsid5716491 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 
room at the Westin Hotel in Denaru was s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 earche}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 , no drugs were found,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5532954\charrsid5716491  but the police found about $8,0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 00 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5532954\charrsid5716491 Australian dollars and o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 ver $14,000 Fijian dollars.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491   I need say no more about the money because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15748985\charrsid5716491 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491 
it was never suggested by the prosecution at t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid5716491 he t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491 rial that any inference advers
e to the petitioners shoul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15748985\charrsid5716491 d be drawn from it, (b) the judge did not mention the money at all in his judgment, and (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12714428\charrsid5716491 the judge did not give either the assessors or himself a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491 direction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15748985\charrsid5716491 about the money }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491 along the lines of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491 R v Grant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491  [1996] 1 Cr App R 73}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15748985\charrsid5716491  which he would have had to have done if the money had been considered important}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5127681\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5309792\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5309792\charrsid5716491 The defence case
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [13]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5309792\charrsid5716491 Abourizk is Australian and was 29 years old at the time of his arrest.  He had no previous convictions.  He elected to give evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 
No other evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 as called on his behalf.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5309792\charrsid5716491 His evidence was t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107232\charrsid5716491 hat this was his third trip to Fiji.  The first time he had come was to look at some land which Muriwaqa \endash 
 who he knew through a friend in Australia who was Muriwaqa\rquote s cousin \endash  had inherited.  His second trip to Fiji was on business, and this third trip was \'93for business with\'94
 Muriwaqa and a holiday for himself and his wife.  On this third trip, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940135\charrsid5716491 e met an older}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107232\charrsid5716491 
 man called Simon at his hotel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940135\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107232\charrsid5716491 That was on Wednesday 8 July 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6702668\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940135\charrsid5716491 Simon was Canadian and owned a yacht
 which he chartered out.  He asked Abourizk whether he wanted to go out in it, and Abourizk agreed to do so as he thought his wife would enjoy it.  A fee of $1,400 was agreed.  However, on the Saturday \endash  which would have been 11 July \endash 
 Simon called to cancel the trip.  He called again on Monday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491  13 July.  By this time, Abouriz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7940135\charrsid5716491 k
\rquote s wife had returned to Australia, and Muriwaqa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491  wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14107232\charrsid5716491 s with him when Simon called. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491  Simon offered to take them on a trip in the yacht for free }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7151222\charrsid5716491 that day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 to make up for letting Abourizk and his wife }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13714067\charrsid5716491 down }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 on the Saturday.  Abourizk accepted the offer, and it was agreed that they would meet at the First Landing Beach Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 sort }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 (\'93First Landing\'94) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 which was next to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491  Vuda Marina.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6702668\charrsid5716491   Simon said that he would be dropping them off at Sigatoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3242314\charrsid5716491  after the trip}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6702668\charrsid5716491 .  Knowing that they would have to take a taxi back to where the car would be left, Abourizk took enough cash with}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491  him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6702668\charrsid5716491  to pay the fare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5309792\charrsid5716491 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [14]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 When the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 
 arrived at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 , Simon told them that there would be a slight delay because there was something wrong with the yacht\rquote s radio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 , and his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 crew ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 d gone to collect another one}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491   He suggested that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 he t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 hree of them drive to where his crew had gone, and thereby save them h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 
aving to come back to First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491  where the yacht was moored.  The three of them drove north with Simon directing them, ending up in Ba.  In Ba, Simon spoke to his crew.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491   He told the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491  that his crew had got the wrong radio, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6702668\charrsid5716491 although it was after lunch by then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 there was still time to m
ake the trip, and that while his crew went to get the correct radio, they should take the crew\rquote s luggage to the yacht.  Their luggage was put in the car \endash  some in the boot and some on the back seat \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 and that luggage included the suitcase and the travel bag which were later found to contain the cocaine.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 he thre}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 e of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 
returned to First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491   When they got there, Simon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 left them, saying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491  that he needed to check out of the hotel, and that he would meet them in 15 minutes at Vuda Marina.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5139505\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [15]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 Abourizk said that he had previously seen a sign advertising lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7151222\charrsid5716491 d for sale at First Landing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7437499\charrsid5716491 Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420236\charrsid5716491 
riwaqa suggested that they ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 ve a look at the land which was being advertised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7437499\charrsid5716491 , and they therefore}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  drove down the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 gravel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 
road to which ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7437499\charrsid5716491 iko
 had referred.  When they came to the cart obstructing the road, they did what Abourizk described as a \'935 point turn\'94.  It was at that point that the police officers came over to them.  One of the officers spoke to Muriwaqa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 .  They spoke in Fijian which Abourizk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7437499\charrsid5716491  did not understand, but Muriwaqa was pointing to the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  It was ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 iko who spoke to Abourizk. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 iko asked him if he was f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 rom Canada, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491  Abourizk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  told ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15272787\charrsid5716491 iko that he was Au}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 stralian.  ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 iko asked him what he was doing there, and he said that he was looking at some land.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9990652\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [16]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 
In the course of his evidence, Abourizk was asked about the bags which the police had found.  He said that neither he nor Muriwaqa had touched any of the bags, that neither of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8784193\charrsid5716491 had got out of the car, that neither of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 had thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 wn any of the bags out of the car, and that neither of them had repacked anything.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 
He had no idea that any of the bags or suitcases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491  contained drugs.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 
He had not noticed any padlocks on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491  any of the bags,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491  he had ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 ver seen any keys for the padlocks in the car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 , and he had not seen any suitcases lying on the ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491 .  He was asked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5012385\charrsid5716491 by one of the police officers }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10057986\charrsid5716491 who the bags belonged to, and he said that Simon was still at First Landing and should still be there.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491   As for the Fijian dollars found in his hotel room, his evidence was that this was to help Muriwaqa set up a business.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [17]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 
 the course of his evidence, Abourizk complained of the way he had been treated from the time that he was detained by the police.  I use the word \'94detai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 ned\'94
 because he said that he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491  never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 ld that he was being arrested.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8071984\charrsid5716491 
He also complained that some of his money was missing \endash  and he blamed the police for that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 
The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 se allegations were denied by ASP Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 iko an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 d another senior police officer, Inspector Maciu, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 also }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1141401\charrsid5716491 gave evidenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5012385\charrsid5716491 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5965667\charrsid5716491 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 Muriwaqa elected not to give evidence or call witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15148653\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 
 In his judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491  the judge said that Muriwaqa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 had \'93
advised the court that he endorses and adopts the evidence given by [Abourizk] for his defence\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 I have assumed that the judge was referring to Muriwaqa\rquote s counsel.  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4677059\charrsid5716491 I have not seen that in the transcript, but if that was what the judge was told, I do not think that it should have been.  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12085885\charrsid5716491 amounted to counsel giving evidence in circumstances where Muriwaqa could not be cross-examined about it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 
  Having said that, the evidence given by Abourizk was evidence given in the case, and it was just as relevant to Muriwaqa\rquote s case as it was to Abourizk\rquote s.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 The judge\rquote 
s directions about what had to be proved
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 Despite the number of grounds of appeal, only two criticisms are made of the judge\rquote s directions \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16135558\charrsid5716491 
 whether to the assessors i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 n his summing-up or to himself in his judgment \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5012385\charrsid5716491 
 relating to what the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491  had to prove.  Those criticisms relate to the petitioners\rquote 
 knowledge of whether there were drugs in one or other of the bags or suitcases, and the directions which the judge gave about joint possession.  I deal with each in turn.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085885\charrsid5716491 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2436205\charrsid5716491 Possession and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2436205\charrsid6771869 
knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2436205 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13387827\charrsid2436205 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7935700\charrsid2436205 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7935700\charrsid5716491  5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 (a) of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491  Act criminaliz}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6713368\charrsid5716491 
es, amongst other things, the possession of illicit drugs.  Possession is an elusive concept in the law.  Are you in possession of something which you do not have on you, but is in your home, for example, or in a ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 r in which you are travelling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6713368\charrsid5716491 ?  The Act gives some help on that.  Section 32 of the Act provides, so far as is material:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12085885\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6713368\charrsid6752271 \'93
Where in any prosecution under this Act it is proved that any illicit drug \'85 was \'85 in any \'85 vehicle \'85 under the control of the accused
, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the accused was in possession of such illicit drug \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6752271\charrsid6752271 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6713368 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6771869\charrsid6752271 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5716491 
The judge correctly identified in his judgment the effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 of this presumption.  In para 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5716491 
, he said that the presumption would arise if the prosecution proves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5716491 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4212598\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5716491 he bags were in the car
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 ne or more of the bags contained illicit drugs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5716491 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 the car was under the petitioner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 s\rquote  control}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5012385\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 And in para 16 he went on to say \endash  again correctly \endash  that if the prosecution proved those matters beyond reasonable doubt, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 would then be for the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491  to pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 
ove that the drugs were not in their possession. With one exception, n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 one of the three matters which had to be proved for the presumption to arise were in dispute at the trial.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 The exception relates to Abourizk.  It was said on his behalf that the car had not been under }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491  control as he had not been driving it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 It follows that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 , subject to the one reservation about Abourizk not having been the driver,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  it was then for the petitioners to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 disapply the presumption, by proving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  \endash  on a balance of probabilities, of course, not beyond reasonable doubt \endash  that they had not been in possession of the drugs..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [21]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16385322\charrsid5716491 But that is not the end of the matter.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491 That is because of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491  \endash  the mental element \endash  which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 
has to be present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491  before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 someone can be said to be in possession of something}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491 .  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491 cases of possession of illicit drugs, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491  consists of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491 knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491  that what you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6176177\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 in your possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8854048\charrsid5716491  are illicit drugs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 
  It is well established that you do not have to know what kind of drugs they are.  But you do have to know that they are illicit drugs of some kind.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10098899\charrsid5716491 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 ll of that is settled law: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 Warner v Metropolitan Police Commissioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  [1969] 2 AC 256 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5978494\charrsid5716491 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5978494\charrsid5716491 Boyesen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5978494\charrsid5716491  [1982] AC 768}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6752271 2]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 Bearing in mind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 , then,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 burden of proving that they had}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1724231\charrsid5716491 
 in possession of the drugs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 d shifted to the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491  (subject, again, to the reservation about Abourizk)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 , what did the requirement of knowledge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491 mean that the petitioners had to prove?  That depends on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 whether the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719154\charrsid5716491  burden is a legal or evidential one.  As most law students know, a legal burden is a burden on a party to prove a particular fact.  An evidential burden is a lesser burden.  It is a burde
n on a party merely to produce sufficient evidence to raise an issue before it has to be determined as one of the facts in the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491 
  The distinction is important.  If the burden is a legal burden, it was for t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 he petitioners to prove \endash  on a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491  balance of probabilities \endash  that they had not known that any of the bags or suitcases in the car contained drugs.  On the other hand, if the burden is only an evidential one, it was for the petitioners t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491 o produce sufficient evidence on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491  which a court could conclude that th
ey might not have known that any of the bags or suitcases contained drugs.  If they were able to do tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 t, it would then be for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491  to prove beyond reasonable doubt that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15165171\charrsid5716491  they had known that there were drugs i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid722347\charrsid5716491 n one or other of the bags or suitcases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3045411\charrsid5716491 
  In para 16 of his judgment, the judge held that the burden was an evidential one.  Prematilaka JA disagreed.  He thought that the burden was a legal one. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7550980\charrsid5716491 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5716491 It is unnecessa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid595987\charrsid5716491 ry for us to resolve this issue.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5716491 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 hat is because the judge di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 ected himself on a view of the law which was most fav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 ourable to the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid595987\charrsid5716491  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5716491 e said at para 13 of his judgment:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5901165 \'93
Accordingly the prosecution is required to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the two accused persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5901165  knowingly had these illicit drugs in their actual p}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5901165 ossession or [in] their custody \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5507043\charrsid5901165 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5901165  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5901165 (Emphasis supplied)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid224019\charrsid5901165 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid595987\charrsid5716491 The judge\rquote s direction on this topic is critical.  He was saying that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 
t was not for the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5716491 s to produce sufficient evidence on which the court could conclude that they might not have known that any of the bags or suitcases contained drugs 
\endash  let alone to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 prove, albeit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733157\charrsid5716491 on a balance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14433002\charrsid5716491 obabilities, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5912734\charrsid5716491 they did not know that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 illicit drugs were in one or more of the bags or suitcases.  On the contrary: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13196167\charrsid5716491 he was saying that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 it was for the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt that they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491  did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8353939\charrsid5716491 know that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733157\charrsid5716491   That was the specific question to which the judge turned i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid595987\charrsid5716491 n para 25 of his judgment, and i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733157\charrsid5716491 n para 36 he said that he inferred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733157\charrsid5716491  from the primary facts which he found proved, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 
the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733157\charrsid5716491  did know of the \'93existence of these illicit drugs in their joint control\'94. By which he meant, no doubt, that they knew of the presence of the drugs in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491 e or more of the bags and suitcases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 4]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491 
This direction was identical in all material respects to the direction he gave the assessors in para 23 of his summing-up, though since the determination of guilt or otherwise is for the judge alone, the summing-up is relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 in most cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491 only to the extent that it casts light on what the judge meant in his judgment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 I say \'93in most cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 
 because the summing-up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 will assume}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358356\charrsid5716491 
 greater importance for an appellate court if the judge disagrees with the opinion of the assessors about the guilt or otherwise of a defendant.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491 
Having said that, I think that the directions which the judge gave the assessors were more complicated than they needed to be.  Lay people will be confused by phrases such as \'93the legal burden\'94 and \'93the evidential burden\'94 \endash 
 especially if they are used without explaining the difference between them.  But the core point which the judge wanted to make abo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 ut the burden being on the prosecution}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491  to prove that the petitioners knew of the presence of drugs in one or more of the bags
 or suitcases was there, and its meaning was not undermined by the legalisms which the judge used.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547273\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 [25]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7306372\charrsid5716491 The direction which the judge gave about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2952898\charrsid5716491 prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7306372\charrsid5716491  having to prove knowledge on the part of the petitioners, rather than for the petitioners to disprove knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8738842\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7306372\charrsid5716491  has be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 en critic}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 ized by Mr Burney for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7306372\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8738842\charrsid5716491   I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8738842\charrsid5716491 agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 ee with that criticism \endash  at any rate, once the judge had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8738842\charrsid5716491  found that the burden was an evidenti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 al one.  After all, Abourizk\rquote s evidence was, on any view, sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8738842\charrsid5716491  to raise the issue of knowled}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 ge.  In any event, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 criticism takes the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 \rquote s case no further.  Since the judge found the petitioners guilty on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 a view of the law which had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491  been favourable to them, he wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5970998\charrsid5716491 uld inevitably have found the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 etitioners guilty if a less favourable direction to them had been given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8873262\charrsid5716491  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5901165 [26]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 For these reasons, I agree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491 
with Goundar J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491  that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491  questi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 on whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491 the burden on defendants to rebut the presumption of possession of illicit drugs in section 32 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491  Act is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491  an evidential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 or legal one 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5970998\charrsid5716491 is an important question of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491     I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491 t was no doubt that which led Prematilaka JA to embark on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12734825\charrsid5716491 discussion about the topic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491   Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 Mr Singh, counsel for Muriwaqa, contended before us that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 if the burden was a legal one as Prematilaka JA thought, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5970998\charrsid5716491 the question would then arise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5970998\charrsid5716491 whether section 32 offends the presumption of innocence guaranteed by Art 14(2)(a) of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12734825\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 I cannot tell whether an argument was addressed to the Court of Appeal along those lines. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 These topics are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5970998\charrsid5716491  important one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12734825\charrsid5716491 , but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 in the light of the favourable direction which the judge gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12734825\charrsid5716491 this case is not the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15287822\charrsid5716491 appropriate }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 vehicle in which to debate them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369899\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8540749 [27]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 
In the interests of completeness, I should add that Prematilaka JA spent some time discussing the extent to which issues relating to intention or recklessness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9532366\charrsid5716491 
 arise in cases of this kind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 .  I put the question of intention to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9532366\charrsid5716491 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 ne side as I do not think it adds anything to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9532366\charrsid5716491 
 the debate, but I can see how in one sense recklessness might be relevant.  Knowledge of some pa
rticular fact has sometimes been equated to turning a blind eye to it.  In other words, if you put your head in the sand to ignore something which would otherwise be staring you in the face, that might be capable of supporting the conclusion that you did 
indeed know of the matter in question.  The alternative view is that closing your eyes to the obvious is simply a matter of evidence, and nothing short of actual knowledge will do.  Again, that is not something which can affect the ou}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 tcome of this appeal.  The prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9532366\charrsid5716491  did not ask the judge to convict the petitioners on that basis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16285073\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-660\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8540749 [28]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13065775\charrsid5716491 Joint }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13065775\charrsid13065775 possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13065775 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid13065775 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491  first sight, the prosecution was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 
 not alleging that the petitioners were in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 joint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 
 possession of the drugs.  The charge did not state that they were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 jointly}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491  in possession of them, and so far as I can tell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 Mr Babitu, counsel for the prosecution at the trial,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491  never told the court that what was being alleged was joint poss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952898\charrsid5716491 
ession.  On the other hand, the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491  were both charged in the single charge.  In other words, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 they did not face separate charg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 es, each alleging possession of the drugs.  Moreover, the judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 treated the charge as one of jo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 int possession, because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 
(a) in his judgment he cited a long passage from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 Mohammed v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491  [2014] FJCA 216 wh
ich dealt with joint possession, and (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2952898\charrsid5716491 he purported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 to direct both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491  the assessors and himself about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 
 what needs to be proved in a case of joint possession.  Finally, the evidence was consistent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 
the petitioners bein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491  in joint possession of the drugs (o
n the assumption that they knew that there were drugs in one or other o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 f the bags or suitcases): they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 were both in the car, they had been with each other at all material times, and they did the same things wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15347738\charrsid5716491 
th the bags and suitcases (if ASP Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15152782\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote 
s evidence was to be believed).  In these circumstances, we must, I think, proceed on the assumption that the case which the prosecution set out to prove was one of joint possession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8540749 [29]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2952898\charrsid5716491 So what has to be proved in a case of joint possession? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15409446\charrsid5716491 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 ohammed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491  wa
s a case similar to the present one.  Drugs were found in a car with the two defendants in it.  The allegation was that they were in joint possession of the drugs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 Gamalath JA, giving the main judgment in the Court of Appeal, with which the other two judges agreed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 said at para 35:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid8540749 \'93
According to English Common Law, in attributing criminality for being in joint possession of an illicit drug, it should be based, not on the evidence of having the mere possession of the noxious item, but also on additional mat
erial to demonstrate that there had been extra beneficial factors that operate in furtherance of the interest of each confederate to the crime.\'94  (Emphasis supplied)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 Gamalath JA did not identify what those \'93
extra beneficial factors\'94 might be, bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 t he referred to one authority and one textbook.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 
  The authority was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 R. v Searle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491  [1971] Crim L R 592 \endash  a case about small quantities of drugs found in a car with a number of people in it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 .  In that case, t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 he Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 in England }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid8540749 \'93an appropriate direc
tion would be to invite the jury to consider whether the drugs formed a common pool from which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid8540749 
all had the right to draw at will, and whether there was a joint enterprise to consume drugs together\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid8540749  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13460311 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid881113\charrsid8540749 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491 Because that case was about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491 consumption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491 small}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491  amounts of drugs, it is of less help than the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491  other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491  matter to which Gamalath JA referred, which was of more gen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid92301\charrsid5716491 eral application.  He cited the following passage from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491 the 2012 edition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid5716491  at para 27-69:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14757926\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1280\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1280\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3043293\charrsid29728 \'93An allegation of joint possession of dr
ugs, where they have not been found on the person of any of the joint possessors, entails an allegation that each had the right to say what should be done with the drugs, a right shared with the other joint possessors.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 I regard that as an accur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 ate statement of the law, and if Gamalath JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 
 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 that in a case such as ours, where the allegation is one of joint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3681160\charrsid5716491 
 possession, it is for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491  to prove that each defendant had the right to say wha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 
t should be done with the drugs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 , I would agree with him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 [30]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491 I turn, then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid5716491  to the direction which the judge gave in our case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 
  Having cited these passages from the judgment of Gamalath JA in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 Moh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15170433\charrsid5716491 amm}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 , he said at para 13:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid29728 \'93\'85
 the prosecution is required to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the two accused persons \'85 had the knowledge and consent of each others to have these illicit drugs in their possession.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13460311\charrsid29728    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid29728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9899622\charrsid5716491 That was also what he told the assessors in para 23 of his summing-up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid595987\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15170433\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 The criticism of the judge made by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 
Mr Thangaraj QC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491  for Abourizk is that this direction was wrong.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 [31]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15170433\charrsid5716491 Where had the judge got this language from?  The answer, I think, is plain.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7868686\charrsid5716491 Section 4 of the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7170591 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15170433\charrsid5716491 contains a non-exhaustive definition of joint possession.  It provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3486386\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3486386\charrsid29728 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid29728\charrsid29728 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3486386\charrsid29728 possession\rquote , \lquote be in possession of\rquote  or \lquote have in possession\rquote  includes \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3486386\charrsid29728 \'85
\par (b) if there are two or more persons and any one or more of them with the knowledge and consent of the rest has or have anything in his or their custody or possession, it shall be deemed and taken to be in th
e custody and possession of each and all of them.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15170433\charrsid29728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15170433\charrsid5716491 
Plainly the judge tracked this language in the direction he gave the assess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 ors.  Although he cited the relevant passages from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 Mohammed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 
 in his judgment, he presumably thought that the example given in section 4 of a situation in which joint possession would arise covered the present case.  Prematilaka JA thought that the judge\rquote s direction ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 sed on section 4 of the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7170591 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491  was correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7868686\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 [32]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 The difficulty with the judge\rquote s approach is that the definitions in the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7170591 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491  apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 , as the opening words of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 
 section 4(1) make clear, only to the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7170591 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 , unless the context otherwise re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 quire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3681160\charrsid5716491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 
.  It was not suggested that there was anything }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 n the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7170591 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491  or elsewhere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 which required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491  the definition of joint possession in the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12923811 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 
 to apply to offences criminalized by the Illicit Drugs Control Act.  So the question then is whether the direction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 gave on joint possession \endash  albeit based on the Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12923811 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491  \endash 
 was any different from what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491 Mohammed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid5716491  said the direction should be.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11206772\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728\charrsid12923811 [33]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid12923811 I think that there is a differ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid12923811 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid284641\charrsid12923811 ce between the two.  One direction focuses on the need for the defendants to have allowed eac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11161105\charrsid12923811 h other to have the drugs.  The other focuses on the need for each defendant to be entitled to do what they want to with the drugs.  But that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11161105\charrsid5716491 is a very fine distinction, and in the vast majority cases, it would make no practical difference.  This is such a case.  A purist would say that the judge\rquote 
s direction was wrong, but the outcome would inevitably have been the same whichever of the two directions the judge had given.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15362362\charrsid5716491 The way the prosecution put its case
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 [34]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15362362\charrsid5716491 I deal with a peripheral point first to get it out of the way.  There was a lengthy deba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 
te before us about the way the prosecution put it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15362362\charrsid5716491 s case at trial.  A number of questions which Mr Babitu asked Abourizk showed that the prosecution accepted the existen
ce of Simon, that the drugs belonged to Simon, that Simon wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 s paying the petitioners to cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15362362\charrsid5716491 
ier the drugs from Ba to First Landing for him, and that at least some of the money found in Abourizk\rquote s hotel room had come from Simon.  Two points are said to arise from this.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491 The first relates to the judge.  He is said to have adopted inconsistent positions on the topic.  In para 32 of his judgment, he rejected the suggestion that the drugs had belonged to Simon \endash 
 in effect, putting the petitioners higher up the distribution chain than mere couriers.  However, when it came to sentence, the judge appeared to go along with the prosecution\rquote 
s case because in para 16 of his sentencing remarks he referred to them as \'93mules\'94.  The second point is that the prosecution changed its position when the case got to the Court of Appeal.  There it was saying that Simon did not exist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15362362\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid29728 [35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491 For }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 my part, I do not regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491  these points as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 in any way }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491 telling in the overall sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491 eme of things. Any unfairness caused to the petitioners by the prosec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 ut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14956709\charrsid5716491 ion\rquote s change of stance in the Court of Appeal did not affect the fairness of the trial.  And the way the prosecution put the case at trial did not feed into the judge\rquote 
s critical finding that the petitioners knew about the presence of drugs in one or more of the bags and suitcases. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 The critical part o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 f ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote s evidence

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 [36]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 e whole of ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote s evidence was important.  It was his evidence which placed the petitioners in the car with the drugs.  But in view of Abourizk\rquote s account of how the drugs cam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 e to be in the car, it was ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote 
s evidence about what he saw the petitioners do with the bags and the suitcases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 \endash 
 unpacking and repacking them and then throwing away those  suitcases which were no longer of use \endash  which was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 critical evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 
That was the evidence which, if true, directly linked the petitioners to the drugs, and completely undermined Abourizk\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3681160\charrsid5716491 s account of innocently ta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771694\charrsid5716491 king the crew\rquote s luggage back to the yacht.  Its importance in the case as a whole cannot be exaggerated.  It was for that reason that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3681160\charrsid5716491 ounsel for both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 
 petitioners say that without that evidence there was absolutely nothing to contradict Abourizk\rquote s account of how the drugs came to be in the car.  That meant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 , they say, }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 prosecution\rquote s case sto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 od or fell on ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 s tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 uth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 fulness on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 this part of hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 s evidence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 [37]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 I do not agree.  When a large consignment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 drugs is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491  found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12795001\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 in a car with two people in it, that fact alone calls for an explanation about how the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491  drugs ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 me to be in the car.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 he burden of proof is not on a defendant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 of course, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 
f that explanation is implausible, it may not be enough to cause the court to have any doubt about the defendant\rquote s knowledge of the presence of drugs in the car \endash  even in the absence of evidence of the kind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 of repacking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 which ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 iko says he saw the petiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 oners do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 
.  Indeed, the prosecution say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491  that Abourizk\rquote s explanation has a real implausibility at the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491  heart of it.  Would people who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491  traffic in very large consig
nments of hard drugs like cocaine really leave such a consignm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3681160\charrsid5716491 ent with people they hardly kne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491 
w, even for a short time? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491  The fact of the matter is that, unquestio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 nably important though ASP}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote s evidence was of the unpacking and repacking of the bags and 
suitcases, it is difficult to assert that it would not have been open to the court to conv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 ict the petitioners without it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12795001\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12795001\charrsid5716491 The judge\rquote s findings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 With that in mind, I turn to the judge\rquote 
s process of reasoning.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491 The judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491 regarded two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2439259\charrsid5716491  things as highly significant.  First, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491 referred to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  ASP}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid535845\charrsid5716491  Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12795001\charrsid5716491 iko\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 
s evidence about his movements on the day in question.  He and his team }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 had been stationed at a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 
junction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 on the main road close to Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 on the day in question.  For a period of about six ho
urs, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 monitored the traffic going towards Nadi from Lautoka.  When they saw the petitioners
\rquote  car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13526184\charrsid5716491  coming from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 , they followed it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 through Vuda Marina }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 until it t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 urned down the gravel road where
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491  it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491  eventually}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11694782\charrsid5716491 
 came to a stop because of the cart obstructing the road.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13526184\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 
 If this was correct, it would, of course, have been inconsistent with Abourizk\rquote s evidence that h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 e, Muriwaqa and Simon sto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 pped at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491  where Simon left them before going}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 
 down the gravel road.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 t was not put to ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 
 Neiko that if he had been following the car as he claimed to have done, he would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491  have seen the car stop at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 , drop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  the third man in the car }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5848459\charrsid5716491 off }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 and then go down the gravel road.  The judge said, in effect, that the com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 bined effect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 his view that ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491  Neiko\rquote 
s evidence on this topic was credible,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 the failur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 e of Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  to put }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 that part of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491 Abourizk\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 
s account to ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  Neiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1328456\charrsid5716491 caused him to doubt the credibility and reliability of Abourizk\rquote s evidence on the topic.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1583003 9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 The second strand in the judge\rquote s process of reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439259\charrsid5716491  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 as the point \endash  already mentioned earlier \endash  which the prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid5716491 made about the implausibility at the heart of Abourizk
\rquote s account of what happened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2439259\charrsid5716491 .  Would people who traffic in very large consignments of hard drugs like cocaine really leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1736212\charrsid5716491 such a consignment of cocaine with people he hardly knew, even for a short time?  And would Simon have been prepared to travel in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 
 same car as them from Ba to First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1736212\charrsid5716491  with such a large consignment of cocaine in the car? 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12406153 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid5716491 So much, then, for the two reasons which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491  the judge gave for finding the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid5716491 petitioners guilty.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 What about ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491  Neiko\rquote 
s evidence about the packing and repackin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 g of the bags and suitcases \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 the evidence }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 which linked the petitioners to the drugs more than anything else}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8801027\charrsid5716491 Or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491 the retrieval by the pol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14439565\charrsid5716491 
ice of the two suitcases which ASP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491  Neiko said he saw the petitioners throw away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8801027\charrsid5716491 ?  Or the discovery }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 in the car of keys }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8801027\charrsid5716491 to the padlocks for those of the suitca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 ses or bags which were locked?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 It is here that we come to an extraordinary feature of the judge\rquote s judgment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491 The trial judge did not rely on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 any of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3292497\charrsid5716491 that evidence at all.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 Not only that.  At no stage in his judgment did he even mention that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid5716491 any of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491 that had been part of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 Tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 t cannot have been because he had f}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 orgotten about that evidence.  In his summing-up, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 e had reminded the assessors of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 all of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 
(save for the evidence about finding in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491  car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491  the keys to the padlocks)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 The omission of all this from his judgment is at first blush very surprising.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 Why was it not mentioned by the judge?  And why did he not say what his findings were about that evidence?  There can, I think, be only one answer: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 the judge was not sure that ASP Neiko\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 s evidence on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491 
s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491  topic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid531078\charrsid5716491  was true.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16281145\charrsid5716491   I have been unable to think of any other reason.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491   And the reason why he did not say that he was not sure about ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence on these topics can only really have been because he wanted to spare ASP Neiko\rquote s blushes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711\charrsid4673452 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12406153\charrsid4673452 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711\charrsid4673452 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid4673452 Prematilaka JA took the view that the failure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 
judge to mention these topics in his judgment was not to the point.  Section 237(5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491  of the Criminal Procedure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5975485 Act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491  prov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491 es:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid357711 \'93
In every such case [ie where the judge does not agree with the majority opinion of the assessors] the judge\rquote s summing up and the decision of the court together with (where appropriate) the judge\rquote 
s reasons for differing with the majority opinion of the assessor, shall collectively be deemed to be the judgment of the court for all purposes.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491 
Prematilaka JA said that because the assessors had been reminded of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence on these topics in the summing-up, they had to be treated as part of the judge\rquote s 
judgment.  With great respect to Prematilaka JA, this misses the point.  It is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491 absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491 
 of any reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10223669\charrsid5716491 ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence on any of these topics }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10223669\charrsid5716491 in the judgment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10223669\charrsid5716491  which is critical, not their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10223669\charrsid5716491 presence in the summing-up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10223669\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid142420\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 
2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid357711 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 It would not have been surprising if the judge had not been sure that ASP Neiko\rquote 
s evidence on these topics was true.  The attack on his credibility was powerful and sustained.  It was the reason for Gamalath JA\rquote s dissent.  What follows is only a relatively brief summary of the problems with ASP Neiko\rquote 
s evidence, but it is suff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491 icient to illustrate the point.  However, I preface what follows by saying that there are references}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491  in it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491  to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491 .  We were rightly not told what the issue in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491  had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491  \endash  whether it related to the admissibility of evidence or something else \endash  or what the outcome of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491  was.  Naturally, I have n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491 ot speculated wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 at it was about, and I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid5716491  return}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid5716491  to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 many }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid5716491 problems with ASP Neiko
\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491  without that in mind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid5716491 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 (i)    There was an implausibility at the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid2491987  heart of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 
.  Why would two couriers of a large consignment of cocaine go to an isolated place and there unpack and repack the consignment, and then discard the suitcases they had no use for,
 in full view of another car which they would have realized had been following them down the road \endash  especially as ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence had been that his car had been close behind the petitioners\rquote 
 car along the gravel road?  And what was the point of unpacking one or more bags only to put the consignment in other bags?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid856077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri571\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin571\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid2491987 (i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid2491987 )  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3296849\charrsid2491987 ASP Neiko\rquote 
s evidence was uncorroborated when it would have been easy for the prosecution to call as witnesses the two officers who were with him at all material times.  Indeed, although ASP Neiko claimed to have asked those officers to make witness statements, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid2491987 he said in the voir dire that they had been unwilling to do so and had suggested that he should make the witness statement as he was the team leader.  Why would they have been unwi
lling to make witness statements if what ASP Neiko had to say about these ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid2491987 ents was true?  The suggestion wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid2491987 s that they must have been unwilling to make their own witness statements because they knew that what ASP Neiko proposed to say was untrue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3296849 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862\charrsid2491987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 (ii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 
)   There were a number of highly significant omissions from ASP Neiko\rquote s own statement.  He did not say anything about having seen bags or suitcases being th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 
rown out of the car.  Nor did he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987  say anything about some of the bags or suitcases being padlocked, or about keys to the padlocks being found in the car.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 These were key features of the evidence, and the suggestion was that because they did not feature in ASP Neiko\rquote s witness statement, they could not have been true.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987   Mor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 ever, ASP Neiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid2491987  had not said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987  anything }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid2491987 in his witness statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 about having cautioned the petitioners, whereas he claimed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16009100\charrsid2491987 in his evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 had cautioned them.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 he signific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 ance of that was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 
 that the defence claimed that he had never cautioned them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987  and that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987  that can only have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987  been because he had never seen them un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 packing and repacking the drugs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470081\charrsid2491987 
.  There were less significant omissions from his witness statement which ASP acknowledged, but they did not, in my opinion, take the case much further.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 (iv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4616652\charrsid2491987 )   ASP Neiko said that he had made a
 note of relevant events at the time in his diary but he could not produce it as it had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 
in his office when it was damaged in cyclone Winston and then disposed of.  He accepted that it should have been in the archives.  The point which t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 he defence made was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987  that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 
conveniently disappeared because had it been produced it would have revealed a version of events }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 very }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 different from that being advanced by ASP Neiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987  in his evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987 v)   ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence was that he had followed the petitioners\rquote 
 car from before it reached the junction at Natabua.  The distance between Natabua and where the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 s\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987  car finally came to a halt is more than 10 kilometres.  Despite that, when he was cross-examined, he acknowledged that he had followed them only for a distance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987 
about 1 kilometre.  He had previously said that he had followed their car for about 500 metres down the gravel road, so the effect of his evidence, as revised in cross-examination, was that he had only been following the petitioners\rquote  car f
or about 500 metres before it turned into the gravel road.  We were not told if there had been any evidence about the distance from where, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 on Abourizk\rquote 
s account, Simon had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987  dropped off and the start of the gravel road, but if it was greater th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 
an 500 metres, ASP Neiko would not have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987  been in a position to dispute Abourizk\rquote s claim that they had dropped Simon off at Fir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 st Landing.  However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987 
this may be a completely false point in the absence of evidence that the distance was more than 500 metres, and for my part, I put that to one side.  The fact remains}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 , though,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987  that there was a significant shift in ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence about where he first began to follow the petitioners\rquote  car.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1397508\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4200729\charrsid2491987   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4616652\charrsid2491987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020890\charrsid2491987 (v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3296849\charrsid2491987 
)   ASP Neiko gave inconsistent accounts of h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid2491987 ow far his car had been from the car in which the petitioners were travelling wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5911305\charrsid2491987 en he saw the petitioners get ou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid2491987 t of their car. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987 
 In his evidence-in-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2295931\charrsid2491987 chief, he said that their car was about 15 metres away from his, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987 
and he could not tell from that distance which of the two men in the car had thrown the bags or suitcases from the car.  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2295931\charrsid2491987  in the voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987  he had said that his car had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987  just 2 metres away at that stage.  When he was reminded of that in his cros
s-examination, it was put to him: \'93What you are trying to do is to pretend that you were too far away to make up which individual was which?\'94
  ASP Neiko agreed with that.  I do not think that too much should be made of this point.  It may be that ASP Neiko had not realized the subtlety of the question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2295931\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 n other words, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987 
t may be that he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 just }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987 agreeing that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987  he had been too far away to identify who was doing what.  However, it is still the case that there was this significant shift in his evidence, and leaving aside ASP Neiko\rquote s supposed admission to having enga}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 ged in a pretence, the point could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 
 still be made that he was trying to distance himself from what he had earlier claimed to have been able to do.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3677884\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 (vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 
)   A number of points were mad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 e about the padlocks and the ke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 ys for them \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1318156\charrsid2491987 part from the fact that ASP Neiko had not mentioned them in his witness statement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2295931\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987  Although photo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 graph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 s were taken, none of them sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 ed pa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15362362\charrsid2491987 dlocks or keys.  They were not referred to i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 n the Search List which was prepared.  And A
SP Neiko had not re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 ferred to them in his evidence i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 n the voir dire.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 (vii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid2491987 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547450\charrsid2491987 
)   In addition to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid2491987 the implausibility of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid2491987 petitioners unpacking and repacking a large consignment of drugs when there was another car close by, ASP Neiko accepted that he did not as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 
k Abourizk about what he saw the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid2491987  do.  That would have been the natural question to ask.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 
he suggestion is that he did not ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid2491987  that question because he never saw what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid2491987 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid2491987 e claimed he saw.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid2491987 (ix)   It would have been surprising for ASP Neiko to move his car out of the way to let the peti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 ti}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid2491987 oners\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987  car pass in vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid2491987 ew of (a) the intelligence the po}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 lice had received that a transac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid2491987 tion involving drugs was to take place and (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 ASP Neiko\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 s claim that by then he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987  seen one or more of the bags or suitcases being unpacked and repacked.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid2491987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15034862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 (x)  ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence was that when he approached the petitioners\rquote  ca
r, he had asked Abourizk what they were doing there.  In his examination-in-chief, he said that Abourizk had said that they were sightseeing.  However, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid2491987 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 cross-examination ASP Neiko acknowledged that Abourizk had said that he was looking for land in t
hat area which was for sale.  Indeed, he agreed that there was a lot of land for sale in that area.  The suggestion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7151222\charrsid2491987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987 was that AS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7151222\charrsid2491987 
P Neiko had initially omitted to mention what Abourizk had really replied because he did not want to have to admit something which may have turned out to be consistent with Abourizk\rquote s explanation for the petitioners\rquote 
 presence on the gravel road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9795844\charrsid2491987     
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2491987 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 None of these points were consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 d by the judge in his judgment.  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid265057\charrsid5716491 
 did not even refer to them \endash  as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491  indeed he did not refer to Abourizk\rquote s complaints of ill-treatment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 at the hands of the police or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 the theft of his money }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 
by the police.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid5716491 
This is, of necessity, very much a thumbnail sketch of some of the problems with ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence.  I put to one side a point stressed by Mr Thangaraj \endash 
 namely that none of the bags or suitcases or their contents were tested for fingerprints.  Had that been done, the presence or absence of the petitioners\rquote  fingerprints on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 them could have implicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid5716491 
or exonerated them.  This may be a powerful point in jurisdictions where investigative techniques are sophisticated and investigators have cutting-edge facilities at their disposal.  That is not the case in Fiji, and I do not suppose that the judge
 would have regarded this as a significant point.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 Having said that, this whole exercise of looking at ASP Neiko\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 s reliability an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 d credibility as a witness is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid5716491 really }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 beside the point, because the judge must be treated as not having been sure that his evidence on any of the topics except for whether the petitioners\rquote  car }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 stopped at First Landing and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491  had}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491  let Simo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 n out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 
 was true.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid5716491   The points made in para 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2491987 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942136\charrsid5716491  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 above merely illustrate that the judge would have had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 very }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 good re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 ason to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8288825\charrsid5716491 sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 eptical of the tru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6431395\charrsid5716491 th of much of ASP Neiko\rquote s eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 ce 
\endash  as the assessors must have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid156775\charrsid5716491     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2295931\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9507025\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3296849\charrsid5716491    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9133226\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9133226 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 The challenge to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 judge\rquote s two critical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 
findings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4150583\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1328456\charrsid5716491     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10703501\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10299489\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5845233\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15740681\charrsid5716491   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 
Having dealt at some length with the reasons why the judge might have been unsure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491 about important aspects of ASP N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 eiko\rquote s evidence, I return to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 two reasons which the judge gave for rejectin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 g Abourizk\rquote s account.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 I deal with each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491  of them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491  in turn.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 e stop at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 .  One of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 
reasons the judge gave for disbeliev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 ing Abourizk on whether the petitioners stopped at First Landing and let Simon out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491  was the failure of Mr Thangaraj to put his case on this topic to ASP Neiko.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15237012\charrsid5716491 
The issue arose in this way.  Abourizk gave evidence on day 13 of the trial.  The judge must have gi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491 ven though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13002025\charrsid5716491  to his evidence over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15237012\charrsid5716491 night, because the next}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491  day he asked Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15237012\charrsid5716491  whether he had put to ASP Neiko that on the way back from Ba the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 y had stopped at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15237012\charrsid5716491  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526998\charrsid5716491 
the third man had left the car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 .  Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15237012\charrsid5716491  said that he had not, and tha
t that had been an omission on his part.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025036\charrsid5716491   He added:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11025036\charrsid856077 \'93 \'85 it\rquote 
s difficult in a trial like this with so much evidence to remember to put everything \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid856077\charrsid856077 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11025036 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4673452\charrsid856077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 In other words, Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491  was telling the judge that Abourizk\rquote s evidence on whether th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 ey had stopped at First Landing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491  and dropped Simon off there had been part of Abourizk\rquote s case, and the judge should not infer from the failure to put that to ASP Neiko that it was a recent addition to Abourizk\rquote 
s account.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 
6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491 In my opinion, once counsel had made t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491 hat clear to the judge, that should have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491  the end of the matter. The failure to put that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  part of Abourizk\rquote s account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491  was Mr Than}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 garaj\rquote 
s fault, as Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid5716491  candidly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  admitted.  There would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491  no basis for the ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 dge not to have accepted Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491 \rquote s word on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  that topic, and it follows that the judge was wrong to hold that failure to put that part of Abourizk\rquote 
s case against him.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 I should add two things to that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  also told the judge, in eff
ect, that he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  not had to put this part of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  Abourizk\rquote s cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 e to APS Neiko because the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  had known, well before Abourizk gave evidence, what Abourizk\rquote 
s case was from what Abourizk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid526998\charrsid5716491 said to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 Inpector Maciu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6901708\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 Inspector Maciu\rquote s evidence was that Abourizk had indeed told him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 at they had dropped Simon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid681661\charrsid5716491  off at First Landing.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491   So the simple fact is that Mr Thangaraj had not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  needed to put that part of h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 is case to ASP Neiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 
  Mr Babitu could have asked ASP Neiko about it in examination-in-chief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14634155\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16253971\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4673452 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid856077 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 Secondly, the remedy for any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  failure to put this part of Abourizk\rquote s ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 se to ASP Neiko lay in the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 \rquote s han}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 
ds.  Mr Babitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  could have asked for ASP Neiko to be recalled so that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 could be put to him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 Indeed, the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491 
 did not even have to do that.  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 at is because Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  told the judge (without correcting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526998\charrsid5716491  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid5716491  stylistic or grammatical errors in the transcript):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1138\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid856077 \'93 \'85 the crowns entitle to say, Neiko
\rquote s giving evidence going from here to here.  He doesn\rquote t giving evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4543995\charrsid856077  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10357200\charrsid856077 
of dropping Simon at First Landing and therefore, you can believe Neiko over the Accused.  My friend\rquote s entitle to put that.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid856077  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid856077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 
But none of this means that the judge was entitled to treat the failure to put this part of Abourizk\rquote s case to ASP Neiko as damaging to Abourizk.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761239\charrsid5716491 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14637567\charrsid5716491 
The other reason the judge gave for accepting ASP\rquote s evidence on this topic was that he regarded ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 
on the topic as credible.  I am at a loss to understand why.  I know that it is a common direction to give fact-finders, whether assessor
s or juries, that just because you disbelieve a witness on one topic does not mean that you have to disbelieve them on every topic.  But the parts of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence on which the judge has to be treated as not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid526998\charrsid5716491 having been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491  sure about were not peripheral topics.  They went to the heart of the case.  Having concl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 ded that he could not be sure about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 those}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491  parts of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence, I do not think that it was reasonably open }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 for him }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 to say that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491 
 part of ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence was credible \endash  at any rate, without explaining why.  And to the extent that he did explain why \endash  Mr Thangaraj\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 
s failure to put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491  Abourizk\rquote s case to ASP Neiko \endash  that reason was flawed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 There was another reason why ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence about the petitioners\rquote  car having stopped at First Landing to drop Simon off may have been suspect.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491 As I have said, ASP Neiko knew from what Abourizk had said at the time that Abourizk was saying that they had dropped Simon off.  If ASP Neiko had wanted to discredit Abourizk\rquote s account, it would hav
e been easy for him to say that the car did not stop at First Landing at all.  That would explain something else.  Inspector Maciu went to First Landing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 the following day }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491 ostensibly to look for Simon, but his inquiries were rudimentary in the extreme.  He accepted that he had spoke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491  only to a few outside workers for no more than 10 min}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491 u}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491 tes.  He did not go to the hotel\rquote s reception to ask the receptionist if the hotel had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491 had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491 anyone \endash  perhaps a Canadian \endash  staying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491 there, perh
aps someone who had checked out the previous day.  He did not even ask to see the hotel\rquote s register of recent guests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491  The point made by the defence was that Inspector Maciu was not trying to find out about Simon.  He wanted to be able to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491  say}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8985314\charrsid5716491  that they had looked for Sim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4349870\charrsid5716491 on, and had not been able to find him, in order to bolster ASP Neiko
\rquote s account that Simon had never been dropped off at First Landing.  Whether that was a persuasive point was for the judge to consider.  He did not do so.  He simply said that ASP Neiko\rquote s evidence on this topic was credible, relying \endash 
 in part at least \endash  on the flawed inference he drew from Mr Thangaraj\rquote s failure, as the judge saw it, to put Abourizk\rquote s case on this point to ASP Neiko. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12934390\charrsid5716491  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13175637\charrsid5716491      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 The implausibility of Abourizk\rquote s account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 .  I did not u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 nderstand Mr Thangaraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11291868\charrsid5716491  to challenge the reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 
 the judge gave for finding Abourizk\rquote s account to be implausible.  His point was that the judge did not balance that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8527368\charrsid5716491 against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491 the powerful reasons for regarding the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8527368\charrsid5716491 account which APS Neiko gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12611194\charrsid5716491  as equally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491  implausible.  None o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 
f the matters set out in para 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491  above were referred to by the judge in his judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8732297\charrsid5716491 
  The sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.  If the judge held the implausibility in Abourizk\rquote s account against the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 
 petitioners, he should at the very least have considered whether any of those matters undermined the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491  prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 \rquote s case.  This argument assumes, of course, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8732297\charrsid5716491 the judge accepted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 the critical parts of APS Neiko\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8732297\charrsid5716491 .  For the reasons I have given, we must take it that the judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15357746\charrsid5716491 did not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8527368\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2314805\charrsid5716491 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 Where does all this leave us?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491 Once you put to o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 ne side }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 \endash  as you must \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 the judge\rquote 
s finding that Abourizk had lied about stopping at First Landing and dropping Simon off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491  there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6096609\charrsid5716491 
, all that was left was the overall implausibility of Simon\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491 
s account.  To repeat: would people who traffic in very large consignments of hard drugs like cocaine really leave such a consignment with people they hardly knew, even for a short time? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15748985\charrsid5716491  In my view, it may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491  have reasonably been open to the judge to reject Abourizk\rquote 
s evidence on that basis alone.  But the difficulty is that he did not reject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491 
on that basis alone.  He rejected it because he also took into account the lie he thought Abourizk had told about stopping at First Landing and dropping Simon off there.  I have already explained why it was not open to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 the judge to make that finding.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5331206\charrsid5716491 
So the critical question is: if the judge had not taken that finding into account, would he still have found the petitioners guilty?  The simple truth is that we just do not know.  He may have done.  He may not have.  We cannot say that he would have done
, because his finding that Abourizk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 was l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1714381\charrsid5716491 ying in an identifiable p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5406307\charrsid5716491 art of his narrative would inevi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 tably have coloured the judge\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1714381\charrsid5716491  overall view.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5406307\charrsid5716491 The bottom line, therefore, is that, because I cannot say that the judge would have convicted the petitioners if Abourizk
\rquote s supposed lie had been taken out of the equation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 the possibility that the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 
 might have acquitted them cannot be discounted.  It follows that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 their convictions have to be quashed.  In the circumstances, the petitioners\rquote  appeal against senten
ce falls away.    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid612731\charrsid5716491 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid917761\charrsid5716491 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15291849 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10301278 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid612731\charrsid5716491 
For these reasons, I would give the petitioners leave to appeal to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15299386\charrsid5716491 on the basis that a substantial and grave injustice may occur if we do not.  In}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid612731\charrsid5716491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15299386\charrsid5716491 accordance with the Supreme Court\rquote s usual practice, I wo
uld treat the hearing of the application for leave to appeal as the hearing of the appeal.  I would allow the appeal and quash the petitioners\rquote  conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491 
s.  It would then be for the Off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15299386\charrsid5716491 ice of the Director of Public Prosecutions to decide whether to apply 
for the retrial of the petitioners.  I say nothing to encourage or discourage the making of such an application, but in order to maintain the momentum created by the hearing of the appeal, I would order the Director of Public Prosecutions to notify the Co
urt within two weeks, ie by Thursday 12 Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 
y 2022, whether he proposes to apply for a new trial, and to lodge an application for an order for a new trial within 7 days after that, ie by 19 May 2022.  In the meantime, I would order that the petitioners remain
 in custody.  If the Court orders a new trial, they can then apply for bail to the High Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5665960\charrsid5716491  If a new trial is not ordered, they must be released.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4212598 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11732089\charrsid10301278 Orders:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-491\li851\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid4212598\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 The petitioners\rquote  application for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court is granted.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}The petitioners\rquote  appeal against their convictions is allowed, and their convictions are hereby quashed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}
The Director of Public Prosecutions must notify the Court by 12 May 2022 whether he proposes to apply for an order for a new trial.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11732089\charrsid5716491 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}Such an application must be lodged by 19 May 2022.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11732089\charrsid5771994 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11732089\charrsid5771994 
In the meantime, the petitioners are remanded in custody.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15299386\charrsid5771994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4212598\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid4212598 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14549960 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678 The Hon. Mr. Justice Saleem Marsoof 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid2886678\charrsid5980956 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678\charrsid2585744 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4212598 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14549960 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14318299 The Hon. Mr. Justice Buwaneka Aluwihare 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid14318299\charrsid5980956 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14318299\charrsid5771994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14318299 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4212598 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14549960 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886678 The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid2886678\charrsid5980956 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4212598\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid612731\charrsid5771994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid612731\charrsid5716491 
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