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{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4673385 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11755912 \chftnsep 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11755912 \chftnsepc 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11755912 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4673385 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11755912 \chftnsepc 
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\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8660068  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6119499 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8660068 
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 IN THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 SUPREME COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 FIJI

\par AT SUVA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13775544\charrsid12720779 CIVIL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5928743\charrsid12720779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li5093\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5093\itap0\pararsid12720779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 IVIL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779  APPEAL NO.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 CBV}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779  00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779  of 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li4320\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid12720779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 On Appeal from Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664\charrsid12720779 Civil Appeal No. ABU 0070 of 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9599488\charrsid12720779 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 THE FIJI PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2584569\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab           }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12720779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid1718725\charrsid12720779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12720779 \tab 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid4869252\charrsid12720779 AIRPORTS FIJI LIMIT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6833670\charrsid12720779 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li6480\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid12720779 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 First Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 
\par AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12720779 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 
THE PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR LABOUR
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 Second Respondent
\par 
\par AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12720779 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 DISPUTE}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5012026\charrsid12720779 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779  COMMITTEE
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 Third Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3149219 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid3149219 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 \tab : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15153971\charrsid12720779 Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3149219  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15153971\charrsid12720779 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9775776\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sa100\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12720779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3149219 Chitrasiri J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12720779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid3149219 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263\charrsid12720779 Mr. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252\charrsid12720779 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263\charrsid12720779 mindra Nagin for the Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12720779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9775776\charrsid12720779 Mr. C. B. Young for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664\charrsid12720779 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9775776\charrsid12720779 irst Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10356920\charrsid12720779 \tab \tab \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid3149219 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 \tab : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263\charrsid12720779 30 March 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604\charrsid12720779 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1876\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid3149219 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8800000 \tab : \tab 08 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638\charrsid12720779 March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3502664\charrsid12720779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263\charrsid12720779 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li284\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs40 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs40\ul\insrsid13828615\charrsid5928743 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li284\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid1054944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\ul\insrsid13828615\charrsid12720779 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3690263\charrsid212171 Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid15889496\charrsid212171 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid212171  J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15756925 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3044812 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263 This petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3690263  out of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 judicial review}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1921719  proceedings of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187  a Disputes Committee decision in an employment matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3044812\charrsid3044812 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187   The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 
litigation issue was whether the recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 of the trade union as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 
evidenced in the case met the pre-requisite conditions for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 the union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9599488 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 become a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664  and for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187 
referral of the dispute as a \'93trade dispute\'94 to the Committee.  The steps for obtaining recognition, voluntarily or compulsor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 ily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187  were set out in the Trade Unions (Recognition) Act 1998, though it had been argued by the Union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 [The Petitioner]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13512187  that recognition could also be established by conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3044812 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 
\par [2]\tab Before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 the judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 could be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 delivered, a m
ember of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 hearing panel Justice Suresh Chandra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 sad}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 ly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 passed away.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194  since giv}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194  their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 consent to the deci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 sion being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 delivered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 by the remaining judges on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 the panel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid7623194\charrsid212171 The Facts
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 [3]\tab Airports Fiji Limited, the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid7623194\charrsid7623194 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 
 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194  had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 employed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 13 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 trainee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 firemen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444   }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 Later they were dismissed from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 
employment for failing to report for work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4930664 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 
\par [4]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 trainee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 firem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 n w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482  employed by Airports Fiji from the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid13974482\charrsid13974482 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482  October 2000 for a period of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482  months. At the end of that period they were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 offered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 12 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 months probationary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 employment from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid536444\charrsid536444 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 December 2000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7623194 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 
\par [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid201975 n 2 days, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid201975 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid201975\charrsid201975 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid201975  and 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid201975\charrsid201975 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid201975  July 2001, the firem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid201975 n did not report for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 dut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid536444 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 nor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8652341 respond to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 counselling, or give an explanation for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 their absence on those }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 days.  Accordingly on 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid4014097\charrsid4014097 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 
 December 2001 Airports Fiji terminated their employment under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 section 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097  Employment Act Cap 92.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13974482 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 
\par [6]\tab Following a request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  the Minister}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 or Public Enterprises, the dismissed firem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 n w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  again offered employment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969  this time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  6 month}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4869252 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  probationary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 they }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15808969 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  to report to work on 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid10641465\charrsid10641465 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  December 2001.
\par 
\par [7]\tab They failed to do so. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13762756 Thereafter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 , on 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid10641465\charrsid10641465 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428  June 2002 the Union representing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  the firem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10777428 reported a trade dispute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 
\par 
\par [8]\tab By letter of 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid10641465\charrsid10641465 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  July 2002 the Permanent Secretary o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16533631 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  Labour accepted the report and referred it to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16533631 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465  Disputes Committee, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16533631  mechanism provided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13762756 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16533631 under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10641465 legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4014097 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16467053\charrsid3044812 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 [9]\tab The Disputes Committee handed down its decision on 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid16467053\charrsid13458118 
th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  August 2002.  It found the termination of the 13 Firemen had been wrong.  It di
rected the re-instatement of the Firemen. The Committee gave as its reason that termination had been made under section 28 of the Employment Act, and added that such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 a termination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  could only be made in the case of oral contracts.
\par 
\par [10]\tab The Court of Appeal observed there was no justification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid212171  to be found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  in the legislation for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid212171 giving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 such a reason and that the Committee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid212171 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 
 wrong in making this finding.  Section 2 of the Employment Act defines \'93contract of service\'94 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  any contract, wh
ether oral or in writing, whether express or implied to employ or to serve as an employee for any period of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16260604 ime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 
 or number of days to be worked or to execute any task or piece of work or to perform for wages, any journey and includes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 a foreign contract of service.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260604 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 
\par 
\par [11]\tab Airports}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969  Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  took this decision to the High Court and sought judicial review.
\par 
\par [12]\tab Later the Court of Appeal considered that the issue central }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 
had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 employer,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  Airports Fiji, as a matter of law, had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16467053\charrsid15808969 recognised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053  the Union [the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15808969 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16467053 etitioner] as the union representing the employees, the Firemen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16467053\charrsid13458118 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16461846 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13828615\charrsid16461846 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16461846 The High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16461846\charrsid14243195 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16461846 
\par [13]\tab Airports Fiji sought review in the High Court of the decision of the Permanent Secretary for Labour, Industrial Relations and Productivity of 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid16461846\charrsid16468758 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16461846 
 July 2002 to accept the existence of a trade dispute between FPSA [the Union] and Airports Fiji [the Employer].  The Employer also sought review of the decision of the Disputes Committee.  It sought the reliefs of certiorari, interim stay, and costs.

\par 
\par [14]\tab Airports Fiji claimed the Union purported to report a trade dispute whilst not being recognised by the Employer.  It argued a trade dispute under the Trade Disputes Act Cap 97 is only such if the Union is recognised in conformity with the 
Trade Unions (Recognition) Act.
\par 
\par [15]\tab The Permanent Secretary\rquote s decision to accept a trade dispute between the Union and Airports Fiji was therefore ultra vires and flawed.  The PS was also mistaken on the facts that Airports Fiji had in law recognised the
 Union.  Hence the PS had acted irrationally and with procedural irregularity.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13532616 [16]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 Ear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13532616 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604  on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13532616  in the short judgment the learned judge said:
\par \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13532616 In deciding whether to grant leave or permission to bring a claim, the applicant must prove to the Court that he h
as an arguable case on the merits, that he has sufficient interest in the matter, that there had been no delay in applying for permission, and there were no alternative remedies available for the Applicant to pursue.  The Court on all except the first con
sideration, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3029034 is satisfied that the Applicant has met the threshold required namely, he has sufficient interest in the matter, there had been no delay and no other remedies}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  were available to the Applicant.  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 
e remains only the question whether the Applicant has an arguable case.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 
\par [17]\tab His Lordship said th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  Airports Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 had}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  in 1996 succeeded in p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 t the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji Island}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 CA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 F}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 . CAAF had a collective agreement with the Union, the union representing the employe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  of the Authority.  According to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 nion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  Airports Fiji was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 
bound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  of the collective agreement because }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 the successor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260604 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 .
\par 
\par [18]\tab The judge referred to the fact that there had been a multiplicity of litigation between Airports Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3501767 and the union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16338668 following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3501767 the re-organization}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  of CAAF.  He said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 It is sufficient for the present purpose to state that the Court had already decided that the collective agreement originally entered into between CAAF and FPSA was also binding on AFL (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5405352 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5405352 Perma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid14036702 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5405352 ent Secretary for Labour & Industrial Relations and Productivity, Arbitration Tribunal & FPSA exp. Airports of Fiji Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  HBJ 31/2002). In other words the Court found that AFL had recognized FPSA as representing the employees.  This agreement has now been formalized between the parties in June, 2002.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6949707  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid932502 His Lordship did not give the ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9376916 act}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid932502  date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid212171 of the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid932502 which was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid212171 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\super\insrsid6949707\charrsid212171 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid212171  June 2002}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6949707\charrsid932502 .  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 note here that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9376916 Union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14036702 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9376916 eport}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 a tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9011059 ade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023  dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid16278522\charrsid212171 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\super\insrsid16278522\charrsid212171 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12719023\charrsid212171  June 2002}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 , 3 days before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14036702 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 formal recognition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14036702  agreement had eventually been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023  finalised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352\charrsid932502 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 [19]\tab His Lordship acknowledged }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 that the two key issues were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522  union recognition}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  and whether there existed a collective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 agreement between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 
the parties.  The judicial review claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15628299 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023  w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11999356 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352 advanced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid212171 ort}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12719023 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  by the two central issues.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  been conclusively decided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5405352  Airports Fiji in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 p
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12483787 revi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 ous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 case cited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10708862\charrsid12483787 HBJ 31/2002}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 .  F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 this reason }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 His Lordship concluded there remained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862  arguable case }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 on merits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 refused leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3172467   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 The Court of Appeal considered the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 enti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 on of merits an unfortunate slip }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 not relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 o th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862  decision.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9265867 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13982015 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13982015\charrsid3172467 Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid10708862\charrsid3172467 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13982015 Airports Fiji Limited took the matter upon appeal to the Court of Appeal.  It claimed the judge had }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 overlooked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13982015  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 fact that there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13982015  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13982015  collective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 agreement}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16146108  in place. There had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 a proviso in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 nion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 ecognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8782638 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid663847\charrsid663847 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  June 2002 which s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 tated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10708862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 
As soon as practicable after the execution of this Agreement by the parties hereto they shall in good faith enter into negotiations in relation to all matters which are likely to enhance their long term relationship including entering into a Collective Ag
reement.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 \tab This proviso tend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 
 to indicate that presently, at the time of signing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 ere}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522  had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 collective agreement in place setting out }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522 terms and conditions of employment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16278522\charrsid16278522 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 
\par [21]\tab Without a binding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  setting o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 ut}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  the terms and conditions of employment between the Union and Airports Fiji, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 the Union lacked the necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  and fundamental pre-requisite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361  of authority to represent the firemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361 the trade dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  referred to a Dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  Committee.
\par 
\par [22]\tab Airports Fiji claimed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833  therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3172467  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 it had met a }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8417925 threshold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833  requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 showing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13979218  it had an arguable case for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 grant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13979218  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 leave to proceed for judicial review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13979218 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid663847 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 
\par [23]\tab Accordingly the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3172467 of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 made its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15229873 order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7876361  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri1705\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1705\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2180021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9183565 \'93For}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833  the reasons we have given we allow the appeal and order
\par \tab that leave be granted for the Appellant to apply for Judicial Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16264833 of the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415 of a Disputes Committee dated 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid14362415\charrsid14362415 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415  August 2002}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415 directing the re-instatement by the Appellant of 13 firemen dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415 by it on the 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid14362415\charrsid14362415 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415  December 2001 and that the substantive matter be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14362415 referred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1855454 back to the High Court for directions to hear the substantive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1855454 
matter in review. The 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid1855454\charrsid1855454 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1855454  Respondent must pay the Appellant\rquote s costs of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5652753  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1855454 this appeal which we fix at $4,000.00.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1855454 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930 [24]\tab The Court c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165 anvassed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930  in detail the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165 argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1798174 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930  raised by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1798174  both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930 
 the Appellant and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1798174 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid1798174\charrsid1798174 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1798174  Respondent 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165 now Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15751930 ].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165   These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3172467 will be referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165 in considering the petition here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1798174 aft}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10371165 er.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14893706 [25]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 second ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312  sought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312  uphold the High Court decision that Airports Fiji did not have a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 argua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312 ble case.  This gro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 und}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 
can only be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312  established by examining the correct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 ness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312 
 of the other findings of the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14893706 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312 
\par [26]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 It wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512 s generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512 d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  central issue was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  of Union Recognition [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 Grounds (a) (c) and (d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 has two }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512 parts, recognition under the provisions of the Trade Union (Recognition) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  1998 and second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3422555 the argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  that there could be lawful recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 outside of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  legislative framework where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6122708  recognition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  could be found by conduct.  Not only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14879512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860 the union be formally recognized under the legislation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 but the collective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860  agreement }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 must be a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860  collective agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14036702  which had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 du}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860 ly registered under the Trade Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860  Act\'94 [Section 5.1].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8716312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860 
\par [27]\tab The Court found that the collective agreement that had been registered under the Trade Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860 
 Act had been the Recognition Agreement dated 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid5184860\charrsid5184860 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860  June 2002.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14891074 As has already been observed the report to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 Permanent Secretary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9393128  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 Labour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9393128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 to trigger the referral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9393128  to the Disputes Committee by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2371015  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014 work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 men\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 purported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014 
 representative had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 lodged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014  6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid16202014\charrsid16202014 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16202014  June 2002.  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7494307 was putting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7092800 cart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7494307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9335324 for}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7092800  the horse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6122708 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9335324  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7092800 for at the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13515268 of lodgement th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13515268  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7092800 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13515268 recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7092800 in existence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 empowering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13515268  the trade union }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 to represent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13515268  the employees in this procedure.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1734096 [28]\tab The procedure for obtaining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 official}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1734096 
 trade union recognition is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 straight forward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 . The Trade Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7677455 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238  (Recognition) Act Section 3 (1) provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-698\li1418\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13313995 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13313995 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 \'93
Where there is-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5184860 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471238 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-360\li1785\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin1422\lin1785\itap0\pararsid8660068\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 A registered trade union of which more than 50% of the persons eligible for membership and employed by an employer are voting members; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471238 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}No other registered trade union claiming to represent those persons,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1425\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1425\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8287436 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 
hat trade union is for the purpose of collective bargaining entitled to recognition by the employer in accordance with a voluntary recognition agreement executed between the employer and the trade union.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-705\li1425\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1425\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 [2]\tab 
An application for recognition under subsection (1) must be in writing and sent to the employer by registered or courier mail, or hand delivered to the employer, with a copy to the Permanent Secretary in either case.
\par [3]\tab An employer who has received an application for recognition from a trade union under subsection (2) must respond to the application within 7 days of receiving it.
\par [4]\tab A registered trade union which has applied for recognition by an employer under subsection (1) but- 
\par \tab (a) has been refused recognition by the employer, or
\par \tab (b) has not been accorded recognition by the employer within 1 month of the application,
\par may apply to the Permanent Secretary for the issue of a compulsory
\par recognition order under section 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid289319 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10771867 [29]\tab A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11679992 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10771867  in cases of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11679992 ref}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8287436 us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11679992 al }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10771867 to recognize by the employer Section 8 is to be followed:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-705\li1425\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1425\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055 (1)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3955234 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4553799 The Permanent Secretary, on receipt of an application under section 3(4) must 
consider the application, taking into account all the facts and circumstances appearing to be relevant any may, subject to section 11, make a compulsory recognition order-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4553799 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-360\li1785\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin1422\lin1785\itap0\pararsid8660068\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4553799 Declaring that a registered trade union is entitled to recognition; and 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4553799 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Specifying the manner in which the employer is to accord recognition to the trade union.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-705\li1425\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1425\itap0\pararsid8660068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055 (2)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4553799 
A compulsory recognition order made under Subsection (1) is effective from the date it is made or as otherwise specified in the order.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri1422\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238\charrsid4553799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408 [30]\tab The Petitioner, had referred to the English }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408  of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3161408\charrsid8283055 National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid8283055\charrsid8283055 v Charles Ingram and Co. Ltd.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3161408\charrsid8283055  [1978] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid8283055\charrsid8283055 1 All ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid8283055\charrsid8283055 1271}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3161408\charrsid8283055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid14036702 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3161408\charrsid8283055 t p 1273}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5531389 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408 the Appeal Tribunal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8283055 held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri1422\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1276\itap0\pararsid14036702 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408 \'93
Recognition plainly, we think, implies agreement, which of course involves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12471238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi11\li709\ri1422\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin709\itap0\pararsid14036702 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408 
consent. That is to say, it is a mutual process by which the employers recognize}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4157226  the union, which obviously agrees to be recognized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408  and it may come about in a number of different ways. There may be a written agreement that the union should be recognized.  
There may be an express agreement not in writing. Or, as we think, it is sufficient if neither of these exists but the established facts are such that it can be said of them that they are clear and unequivocal and give rise to the clear inference that the
 
employers have recognized the union. This will normally involve conduct over a period of time.  Of course, the longer that state of facts has existed the easier it is in any given case to reach a conclusion that a proper interpretation of them inevitably 
leads to the conclusion that the employers have recognised the union.  Against the test, it has not been suggested here that there is any formal document by which the company recognized the union.  It is necessary to look at the facts.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3161408\charrsid3161408 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2584569 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 [31]\tab It seems that
 the path of seeking recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 Trade Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625  (Recognition) Act was not followed by the union.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 [32]\tab 
The Union claimed that it could be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 infe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 rr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 
ed by the conduct of the employer that the union had been recognised for the purpose of collective bargaining.  A good }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 
 of material, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 hie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 y correspondence as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 exhibited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2247130  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 affidavits i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 was said }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8726833 demonstrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14617818 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2247130  acceptance of the union
 and its recognition by the employer.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613 [33]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5840639 two cases cited by the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5840639\charrsid8660068 Ingram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7544953 (supra) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid5929303 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid5840639  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid8660068 os}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid7544953 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid8660068 ua William and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12076192\charrsid8660068 Brothers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid8660068  Ltd v Union of Shop Distribut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5001229\charrsid8660068 ive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid8660068  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5001229\charrsid8660068 Allied W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5929303\charrsid8660068 orkers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5001229\charrsid8660068  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3343613\charrsid8660068 [1978] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5001229\charrsid8660068 3 All}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid7544953  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid5001229\charrsid8660068 ER 4 at 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 urged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  in support of the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 rgument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  recognition by conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 
could be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613  accepta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5001229 bl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613 e.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5136688 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3343613 [34]\tab Both cases followed the statutory definition in the English legislation [Employment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 Protection Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16470975  1975] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 wher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7544953  recognition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1717366 had been defined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 
in relation to a trade union as meaning \'93the recognition of the union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416  by an employer, or two or more associated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 
 employers, to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 y extent for the purpose of collective bargaining.\'94  This, as the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16261905 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521  was not a definition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6499171  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16261905 to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 found in the Fiji legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 . Indeed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 the procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6499171  laid out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 
 in Section 3 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 ov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid687521 s both the voluntary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5377349 , and in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5377349  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 non-agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6499171 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16261905 pointing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6499171 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5377349 procedure in Section 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16212416 for the Permanent Secretary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5377349  to decide.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12743625 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14031192 
\par [35]\tab There is no mechanism for recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8417560 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14031192  conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8417560 
outs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14031192 ide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8417560 of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14031192  procedure.
\par 
\par [36]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 
If the recognition was voluntary, it was necessary to forward such written agreement to the Permanent Secretary.  The agreement was to be executed by the parties, and any collective agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767 had to be registered. None of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8276249 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767  occurred.  In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid9250767\charrsid9250767 Joshua Wilson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid7146463  case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid9250767\charrsid9250767  Kilner Brown J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767  observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  at 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14031192 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri1563\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1563\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid9250767 \'93
Indeed the experience of the trade union members of the Employment Appeal Tribunal as a whole is that both sides of industry place great store on formal agreements relating to recognition.  Thus it can eas
ily be understood that in two of the three cases cited the evidence fell short of proving that there had been recognition.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2058760 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri4\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin1134\itap0\pararsid16261905 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2058760 [37]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16331000 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 High}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16331000  Court the Judge had relied on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16331000  of a ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 dgment delivered after the hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1998527 in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 instant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1998527 case.  That was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 Judge\rquote s own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1998527 decision in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid1998527\charrsid13572862 FPSA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid16261905\charrsid13572862 v Arbitration Tribunal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3305082\charrsid7146463 ABU 0010 of 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16261905 
. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12333199 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  decided on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid3305082\charrsid3305082 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 of April}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  2005. The hearing in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  instan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12333199 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 took }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid3305082\charrsid3305082 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12351456 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 pril}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  2003, appro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12333199 x}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12333199 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 ately 2 years earlier.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1134\li1134\ri4\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 Obvious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 ly the parties had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  had no opportunity to present argument o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 n th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12333199 e 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16648414  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3150266 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3150266 
 judge said it was for the parties to approach the Court prior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437  to judgment to bring up the 2005 decision.  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13572862 at}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437  is not a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16261905  satisfactory ans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 wer to the difficulty.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3150266  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 
\par 
\par [38]\tab T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  in the petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 sought to persuade this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  Court that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 
have followed the earlier case and accepted that recognition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 by conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 been decided.  This would have meant the earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 collective agreement between}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  FPSA and CAAF was to be applied.
\par 
\par [39]\tab The Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 below}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082  said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 the Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 was under a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 duty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15274204 of fairness to reco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 nvene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15274204  the Court and inform Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 nsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15274204 that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 might}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15274204  rely on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 e 2005
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15274204  case in his judgment and invite further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 ubmissions from them if they wish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2980986 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  to make any.  The Court concluded \'93
That he failed to do this in our judgment is another reason why we cannot uphold his decision in the present case.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3305082 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 
\par [40]\tab Since recognition was the main litigation issue in the case, this failure was even more significant.  The Court was right so to hold.
\par 
\par [41]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  for the employer in the High Court ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463  raised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 issue of the late signing of the recognition }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2042892 agreement [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 [9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\super\insrsid7146463\charrsid7146463 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437  June 2002], s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 igned after lodgement of the union\rquote s report to the Permanent Secretary.  At the time of lodgement the union lacked the tackle }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 to enter upon t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 
his procedure.  This argument should have been dealt with by the Judge in his judgment.  The mistiming was fatal to the Union\rquote s case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8541437 The Union}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900  had made a premature commencement.  The Court of Appeal was correct in its approach, and the petition must fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7146463 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 
\par [42]\tab Had the Trade Unions (Recognition) Act been followed accurately the Union would likely have achieved lawful and voluntary recognition by the employer, and no doubt a collective agreement would have followed and been properly registered.
\par 
\par [43]\tab One cannot say why some of these matters did not feature in the learned judge\rquote s judgment.  Delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6362372 , as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 
suggested by the Employer\rquote s counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6362372 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900  could have been one reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6362372 . B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 ut it must be remembered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6362372 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 this was a refusal of leave and not a substantive decision on the judicial review.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900\charrsid3365900 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\cf1\insrsid8340452 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\cf1\insrsid3365900\charrsid3365900 Conclusion:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 [44]\tab The Judge had refused leave saying there was no arguable case.  However, this Court finds the Court of Appeal\rquote s decision rejecting that conclusion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 correct.  The arguments in favour of the grant of leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 
 for judicial review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900  substance.  
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 [45]\tab It is noteworthy that the Trade Unions (Recognition) Act 1998 has since been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11932818 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8800000 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12668539 pealed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452  by the Employment Relations Promulgation (now Act) 2007 Section 265 (1) (e). 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1726774 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid11755912 
{\shpgrp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-1440\shptop-900\shpright3525\shpbottom1170\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026
{\sp{\sn groupLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn groupTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn groupRight}{\sv 3152775}}{\sp{\sn groupBottom}{\sv 1314450}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn rotation}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv Canvas 7}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 114300}}{\sp{\sn dyWrapDistTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 114300}}{\sp{\sn dyWrapDistBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lidRegroup}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posh}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn posv}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posrelv}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn metroBlob}{\sv {\*\svb 
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000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100b6833892fe000000e10100001300000000000000000000000000000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d001400060008000000210038fd21ffd6000000940100000b000000000000000000000000002f0100005f72656c732f2e7265
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0000000004000400f30000007e0400000000}}}{\sp{\sn dhgt}{\sv 251660288}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fAllowOverlap}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fHidden}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dgmt}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn pctHoriz}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pctVert}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn sizerelh}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn sizerelv}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\shp{\*\shpinst\shplid1027{\sp{\sn relLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn relTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn relRight}{\sv 3152775}}
{\sp{\sn relBottom}{\sv 1314450}}{\sp{\sn fRelFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fRelFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn cxk}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fNoFillHitTest}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv 
Canvas 7}}{\sp{\sn dhgt}{\sv 251659264}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fHidden}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dpgroup\dpcount2\dpx-1440\dpy-900\dpxsize4965\dpysize2070
\dppolygon\dppolycount4\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx0\dppty2070\dpptx4965\dppty2070\dpptx4965\dppty0\dpx0\dpy0\dpxsize4965\dpysize2070\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow
\dpendgroup\dpx0\dpy0\dpxsize0\dpysize0}}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 ]\tab 
In the result:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-414\li1134\ri4\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin1134\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 (1)\tab the petition is dismissed;

\par (2)\tab the orders of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 he Court of Appeal are to stand [as set out in paragraph 23 of this judgment].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 
\par (3)\tab the Petitioner is to pay cost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900  to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 F}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 irst }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 espondent of $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16321128 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3365900 ,000.00.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri4\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3742296 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid3149219 Chitrasiri. J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13124940 \tab I have read the draft judgment and agree with the reasoning and conclusions of Hon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13124940 \tab Justice Anthony Gates.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8340452 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid13124940 Gates J
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13124940 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid13124940 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3149219\charrsid13124940 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13124940  accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid13124940 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li644\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin644\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13376174 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid5928743 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid616711 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid5075597 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid616711 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid5075597 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3149219 
Mr Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid5075597 Anthony Gates 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid616711 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid3149219 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid3149219\charrsid3149219 udge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid12212554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid616711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6119499 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid616711\charrsid3149219 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6119499 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5657384 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499\charrsid5075597 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499\charrsid5075597 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499 
Mr Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499 Kankani Chitrasiri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499\charrsid5075597  
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6119499 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6119499\charrsid3149219 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid6119499 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-436\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2971226\charrsid5075597 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616711 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid5075597 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2971226 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12212554\charrsid3149219 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri4\sb120\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12212554 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri4\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin0\itap0\pararsid8660068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid16607315 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid16607315 :\tab Messrs Sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid16321128\charrsid16607315 erani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid16607315  & Co.
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid9188145\charrsid16607315 For the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid12212554\charrsid16607315 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid9188145\charrsid16607315 
\par \tab \tab Messrs Young & Associates
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri4\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin4\lin0\itap0\pararsid8340452 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid9188145\charrsid16607315 \tab \tab For the First Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\cf1\insrsid16321128\charrsid16607315 spondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1998527\charrsid2058760 
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