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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10355442 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f45\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par 
\par 
\par CIVIL  PETITION  NO. CBV 0003 of 2020
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 [Court of Appeal No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9319095\charrsid10355442 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
. ABU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid10355442 0123}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9319095\charrsid10355442 
and ABU 0126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid10355442  2018]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11289555\charrsid10355442 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11289555\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 NSPIRED DESTINATIONS (INC) LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11289555\charrsid10355442 AND:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11289555\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid10355442 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid10355442 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 \tab GRANT ROBERT GRAHAM & BRENDON}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid10355442 
\par JAMES GIBSON
\par (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 \tab BANK OF SOUTH PACIFIC
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid10355442 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid10355442 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 \tab \tab \tab :\tab The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith 
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 Priyantha Jayawardena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555  
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 Ms. N. Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 
Mr. W. Clark, Ms. R. Pranjivan and Ms. L. Lodhia for the First Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 Ms. S. De}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9319095\charrsid11289555 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 
an for the Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5707229\charrsid11289555 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 \tab :\tab 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 , 2022\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 Date of Judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 28 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 , 2022    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15674544\charrsid11289555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid11289555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid11289555 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6710090\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 Gates J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [1]\tab 
I have read the judgment of Keith J which follows, and I am in full agreement with its reasons and orders.  I would like to add a few observations of my own.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [2]\tab The 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  Respondents were Receivers appointed by the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  Respondents, a bank.  The bank ha
d a mortgage over an iTaukei lease.  The mortgagor of the lease was Aanuca Island Resort Limited (the Vendor) which had gone into liquidation.  The Petitioner, as prospective purchaser, entered into a Sale and Purchase Agreement with the Vendor.  There wa
s a second agreement entered into which provided for the purchaser to manage the resort, pending completion of the sale.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [3]\tab 
The issues for decision were whether the Management Agreement was to be treated as a step in the implementation of the Sale and Pur
chase agreement without consent and thus amounting to a breach of Section 12(1) of the iTLT Act, and whether monies paid by the purchasers as a deposit could be re-claimed by the purchasers when the sale fell through.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [4]\tab Most of the law governing the sit
uation that arose here has already been well covered by case authority.  The cases have stressed how the outcome will often depend on the wording of the agreement itself.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Who should apply for consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 ?
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [5]\tab 
Section 12(1) of the Act provides for the Board\rquote s prior consent to be obtained for transfers or dealings in iTaukei Land:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri547\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin547\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93
Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations made hereunder, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 it shall not be lawful for any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  under this Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 to alienate or deal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  with the land comprised in his or her lease or any part thereof, whether by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner whatsoever }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 without the consent of the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
 as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained.  The granting or withholding of consent shall be in the absolute discretion o
f the Board, and any sale, transfer, sublease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void \'85\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [6]\tab 
Keith J is right to state that the section does not identify who has to obtain the consent of the Board to the transfer.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  [1963] 3 All E.R. 552 at 554, the Privy Council considered \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
the Board could act only on application made in proper form by Mr Pardoe (the lessor) or someone acting on his behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 .\'94  This may have been because exactly what 
Mr Pardoe intended to give away, before the quarrel, was too vague.  Gould VP in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 D.B. Waite (Overseas) Ltd v. Wallath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  [1972] 18 Fiji LR 141 at 145A said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93
It was clearly in contemplation that the appellant company was to lodge the application with the Boa
rd but did not.  That it lay upon the appellant company to make the application is shown by this course of conduct, by the wording of section 12 where it says, \'93it shall not be lawful for any lessee to alienate . . . without the consent,\'94
 and by the general law applicable to the assignment of private leaseholds to which the consent of the landlord is required.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [7]\tab 
Marsack JA whilst concurring with Gould VP added \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 that it was competent for the respondent (i.e. the Purchaser) himself to apply for consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'94  His Lordship continued [at 147F]:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri547\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin547\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93
The primary responsibility for applying for the Board\rquote s consent undoubtedly lies on the vendor.  But, as I see it, there is no definite rule that in no circumstances is the Board entitled to grant its consent to a deal
ing in land except upon the application of the vendor.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Court Brothers Limited v. Sunbeam Transport Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  (1969) 15 F.L.R. 206 and in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Fong Lee v. Mitlal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
 (1966) 12 F.L.R. the consent of the Board to the sale was granted upon the application of the purchaser, and the legality of the contract was confirmed by this Court.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [8]\tab 
Over the years, the courts and the Board have accepted that applications for consent can be lodged either by the vendor or by the purchaser.  The Board does not insist on a strict i
nterpretation as to the applicant for consent.  So nothing turns on the long standing practice that has been followed in Fiji.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [9]\tab 
Here the agreement itself had placed the burden of applying for consent, as well as its cost, upon the purchaser.  Ultimately, after extensions granted for the time set for compliance, the purchaser failed to lodge the consent form with the Board.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Had the agreement been partially implemented in breach of Section 12(1)?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [10]\tab 
The courts approach has been one that presumes the parties intend to pursue a legal course of proceeding.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Kulamma v Manadan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  [Privy Council Appeal No.7 of 1966].
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [11]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Chalmers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
 (supra) their Lordships had to consider whether the arrangement had been a licence to occupy coupled with possession or whether
 it was an agreement for a lease or sub-lease to Chalmers granted by Pardoe.  However when Chalmers had erected six buildings on the land, a \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 dealing\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  with the land had undoubtedly taken place, and without consent it was an unlawful dealing.  Their Lordships found therefore that Equity could not lend its aid to Mr Chalmers.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [12]\tab 
Upon execution of the agreement the Petitioner paid a deposit of 10% amounting to $850,000.00.  After deferment of the settlement date a further $50,000 was agreed to be paid as additional deposit pursuant to clause 5.1.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [13]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Ihaka v Prakash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
 ABU 17 of 2015, 15 April 2016 Calanchini J in an enlargement of time application in the Court of Appeal held the making of payments pursuant to the schedule in the Sales and Purchase Agreeme
nt and the acceptance of those payments by the Appellant constituted a dealing with the land by sale and required the prior consent of the Board.  This was a different situation from the instant case.  In the present case there was only one payment made, 
a
n initial deposit, and that was in connection with an agreement which acknowledged the need to obtain consent before the sale could proceed further.  This was not a schedule for the payment of regular sums towards the settlement of the full purchase price
 as in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Ihaka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [14]\tab 
It is well accepted that without a preliminary agreement by the parties there would be nothing to put forward to the Board on which to seek its consent: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
Jai Kissun Singh v Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  (1970) 16 Fiji LR 165; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Chalmers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  (supra).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Harnam Singh & Another v. Bawa Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  [1958] 6 Fiji LR 31.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [15]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Jai Kissun Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 , Henry JA referred to the remarks of Hutchison JA in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Court Brothers (Furnishers) limited v Sunbeam Transport Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  (1968) 15 Fiji LR 206:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93
Surely, with an agreement for sale and purchase, intended to be followed by a transfer, it is after the agreement has been entered into and before the transfer is made that the Director has to consider the matter and grant or withhold his consent.\'94

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 But he
 qualified that, in parenthesis, in the following sentence, by saying:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93Of course, it would be different if possession were to be given on the agreement for sale and purchase and the agreement were to be relied on as the purchaser\rquote s title to the land so to speak.\'94

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [16]\tab 
Once it was plain the purchaser was not proceeding with the purchase, and had failed after notice to lodge the consent application, the vendor followed the procedure laid down in the agreement for termination.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [17]\tab The occupation of the 
resort carried no rights to possession or title.  The Receivers were faced with a resort in liquidation with limited finances. The property had to be kept running and deterioration of its facilities had to be avoided.  The resort had to be sufficiently we
ll maintained to remain marketable.  The petitioners were permitted to have access to carry out these tasks.  Such prudent measures did not involve in themselves an alienation of the land: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Kulamma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 (supra).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [18]\tab 
There were 2 agreements, the sale and purchase agreement and the management agreement.  These were separate documents with separate termination clauses.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 The return of the deposit
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [19]\tab 
Once the purchase was not going ahead, and no illegality had been entered upon, the position of the parties was to be governed by the contractual agreement to which each had subscribed.
\par [20]\tab It was this contractual agreement that provided for forfeiture of the deposit.  The relevant clause was unremarkable.  Accordingly the deposit was to be forfeited and retained by the proposed vendor.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par [21]\tab The petition accordingly must fail.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [22]\tab 
One final point on a matter raised by Keith J, and this with regard to the amendment to Section 12 (made in 2021) though not affecting this case.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [23]\tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 Phalad v Sukh Raj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
 [1978] 24 Fiji LR 170 at p.176F Henry JA referred to the role of the Board in protecting the interests of iTaukei landowners:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93In the present case the Board would find respondent completely dispossessed and appellant in fu
ll possession and control of the land without having an opportunity of considering whether he was a desirable tenant in the exercise of its statutory duty to administer for the benefit of the Fijian owners.\'94 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [24]\tab The new Section 12(3) has reduced the pow
ers of the Board in its ability to refuse consent.  There remain only two grounds for refusal now:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid11289555\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 (upon renewals) where there has been a breach of any lease condition;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}or where such application to deal with land is not in accordance with any law.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 [25]\tab 
The unsuitability of the proposed sub-lessor, transferor or like is no longer a permissible reason for refusal.  Another court will have to consider how that affects }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 \'93
the absolute discretion\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116  of the Board remaining in Section 12(1).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11289555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6042764\charrsid14703116 Keith J
\par Introduction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 iTaukei }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6042764\charrsid14703116 land is rightly regarded as very important in Fiji.  Its misuse is something which is widely deplored.  For that reason, there are controls on the way it is dealt with.  O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 ne of those controls is to prevent the land from being dealt with without the consent of the iTaukei Land Trust Board (\lquote the Board\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 , though as we shall see the circumstances in which such consent can be withheld are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 very limited.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 However, this case is not}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116  about the circumstances in which such consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 
can be withheld.  It is about the circumstances in which such consent has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116  to be obtained.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 
The facts of the case are not in dispute, and I take them from the unchallenged evidence and the documents which were produced at trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 The facts
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11024448\charrsid14703116 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 Mamanuca Islands are a volcanic archipelago lying to the west of Nadi.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11024448\charrsid14703116 It is iTaukei land within th
e meaning of that term in the iTaukei Land Trust Act 1940 (\'93the Act\'94). The Act vests control and administration of iTaukei land in the Board.  One of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 
 the islands within the Mamanuc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11024448\charrsid14703116 
 Islands is Makanibeto.  There is a resort on that island called the Amunuka Island Resort and Spa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6372816\charrsid14703116 
  A lease of the land on which the resort was situated had been granted by the Board to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116  Aanuka Island R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116 esort Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116  (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 endor\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116 , b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 ut there came a time when it went}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6508746\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116  liquidation.  The Receivers were Grant Robert Graham and Brendon James Gibson (\'93the Receivers\'94).  They are the First Respondents to this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116   The mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6508746\charrsid14703116 s were the Bank of South Pacific Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116  (\'93
the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 s\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6508746\charrsid14703116 .  They are the Second Respondent to this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6951562\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116 The Receivers wished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388931\charrsid14703116 
 to dispose of the resort.  Estate agents were instructed to market it.  In due course, a buyer for the resort was found.  That was Inspired Destinations (Inc) Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6508746\charrsid14703116 
, an Australian company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116  (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 urchaser\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6508746\charrsid14703116 .  They are the Petitioners in this appeal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 By an agreement dated 4 March 2010 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 between the Vendor and the Purchaser, the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 urchaser agreed to buy the resort.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 Since t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 he land on which the resort had b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 een built was leasehold land, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 he agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4797117\charrsid14703116 ment provided for the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 
 of the lease to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15028876\charrsid14703116 ur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 chaser. Importantly for present purposes, it also provided }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 for the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15028876\charrsid14703116 urchaser to obtain the Board\rquote s consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116  to the transfer of the lease.  The relevant clause of the agreement was clause 4.1(a), which provided, so far as is material:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116 \'93As soon as reasonably
 practicable following the entry into this Agreement, the Purchaser shall, at the Purchaser\rquote s cost in all respects \'85 (a) obtain the consent of the \'85 Board \'85 to the transfer of the Lease to the Purchaser \'85 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 Clause 4.1(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  of the agreement required the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 urchaser to obtain liquor licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10881127\charrsid14703116   By clause 4.4 the Vendor agreed \'93
to provide reasonable assistance to enable the Purchaser to obtain the consents and licences specified under clause 4.1\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 The requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116  to obtain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 the Board\rquote 
s consent to the transfer of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116  was contained in section 12(1) of the Act, which provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116 \'93
Except as may be otherwise provided by regulations made hereunder, it shall not be lawful for any lessee under this Act to alienate or deal with the land co
mprised in his or her lease or any part thereof, whether by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner whatsoever without the consent of the Board as lessor or head lessor first had and obtained.  The granting or withholding of consent shall be in 
the absolute discretion of the Board, and any sale, transfer, sublease or other unlawful alienation or dealing effected without such consent shall be null and void  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15674544\charrsid14703116 \'94}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6447640\charrsid14703116 
There then followed a proviso which is not material for present purposes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116   Section 12(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 1) 
does not identify who has to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 obtain the consent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116  the Board to the transfer.  At first blush, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116 , it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 
 can be obtained either by the transferor or the transferee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 , though as I have said in this case the agreement required the Purchaser to obtain it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13897258\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 
However, the circumstances in which the Board can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 refuse c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10881127\charrsid14703116 onsent are limited.  Section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116 of the Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 \'93
For the purposes of this section, any such consent can only be refused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116 where there is a 
breach of any lease condition or where such application to deal with the land is not in accordance with any law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 \'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 
The effect of section 12(3) is that many of the things which you might expect the Board to want to take into account are in effect no-go areas.  The Board cannot take into account, for example, any adverse view it may hold about the suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 ability or otherwise of the proposed transferee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 or about the use to which the tra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 nsferee intends to put the land if it conflicts with such use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 , if any, contained in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 lease.  However, I said that the circumstances in which the Board can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116  refuse consent are limited advisedly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 
 Section 12(3) is a recent addition to the section.  It was added with effect from 1 August 2021.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116 I have no idea why it was thought appropriate to curtail the Board\rquote 
s powers so drastically, but this is neither the time nor the place for that to be debated.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116 Since section 12(3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116  was not in operation at any time relevant to the current dispute, it can be put to one side.  All that needs to be said is that at the relevant time there was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116 no fetter on the criteria which the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116  could take}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116  into account when deciding whether to give its con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116 sent to an alienation of, or dealing with, land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16274703\charrsid14703116  coming within section 12(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7565581\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 The completion of the agreement, ie when }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 the balance of the purchase price was to be paid and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 e transfer of the lease to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12456376\charrsid14703116 urchaser would take effect, was to be deferred to 6 months after the date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13464241\charrsid14703116 of the agreement, ie to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972415\charrsid14703116 
4 September 2010, though there were provisions in the agreement for that time to be extended.  The date for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 completion of the agreement and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3481646\charrsid14703116 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972415\charrsid14703116 
payment of the balance of the purchase price was called the Settlement Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 
 However, the plan was for the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 urchaser to manage t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116 he resort as soon as possible.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 Accordingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 the agreement provided for the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 urchaser to have access to the resort in order to man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 age it.  The date on which the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 urchaser was to be given access to the resort to manage it was called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2042071\charrsid14703116 the Access Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972415\charrsid14703116 and the period between the Access Date and the Settlement Date was called the Interim Period.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116 Thus, in clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8604797\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116  3.1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8604797\charrsid14703116 and 10.1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116 of the agreemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 t it was acknowledged that the P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116 urchaser }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8604797\charrsid14703116 was entitled to be in possession of the resort and its assets and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116 would be responsible for running the r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 esort during the Interim Peri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8604797\charrsid14703116 od.  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 n annexure to the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 
contained a document headed \'93Management Arrangements\'94 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 set out in detail the Purchaser\rquote s rights and obligations relating to its management of the resort during
 the Interim Period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116   It will be necessary to refer to those arrangements later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid406222\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4543310\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8071721\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705753\charrsid14703116 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10493112\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2972415\charrsid14703116 As for when the Access Date was, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 lause 9.1 of the agreement provided:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12609082\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 \'93
The Access Date shall be on 1 April 2010 or ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13464241\charrsid14703116 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 lier by mutual agreement, provided that the 
Purchaser must obtain the consents in clause 4.1(b) prior to the Access Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13464241\charrsid14703116  if such consents are required for the Purchaser to operate the Business.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12085822\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13464241\charrsid14703116 
It will be noted that it was only the liquor licence as required by clause 4.1(b) of the agreement which had to be obtained prior to the Access Date.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13464241\charrsid14703116 urchaser did not have to obtain the consent of the Board for the transfer of the lease as required by clause 4.1(a) of the lease prior to the Access Date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116   The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 urchaser\rquote s only obligation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 
under clause 4.1(a) of the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 was to obtain the Board\rquote s consent to the transfer of the lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 as soon as reasonably practicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 
  However, since section 12(1) of the Act made it unlawful for the lease to be transferred without the Board\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 s consent, the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 urchaser had to have obtained the Board\rquote s consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4415951\charrsid14703116 at the latest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 by the Settlement Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16258110\charrsid14703116  when the transfer of the lease would take effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13897258\charrsid14703116   And since the form used to apply to the Board for its consent states that any consent granted by the Board will only last for three 
months, it would not have been sensible for the Purchaser to obtain that consent more than three months before the Settlement Date.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487522\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5588425\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5588425\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487522\charrsid14703116 
The purchase price was $8,500,000.  A deposit of 10% was payable on the execution of the agreement, and that sum was paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116  to the estate agents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487522\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116   In due course, the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 
urchaser wished to defer the Settlement Date by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8993746\charrsid14703116  6 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 The reason for that is not material to the issues which arise on t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116 he appeal, but it looks as if the Purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116  was having difficulty finding the necessary finance to complete the transaction.  As it was, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 lause 5.1 of the agree}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 ment entitled the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 urchaser to defer the Settlement Date for 6 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 on payment of an additional }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 deposit of $50,000 and (b) on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116  the purchase price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 being increased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 to $9,000,000.  The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 urchaser }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 purported to exercise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116  that option}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 , even t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 hough it had not given the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 
endor the notice of its intention to do so as required by clause 5.1.  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 e V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 
endor was nevertheless prepared to treat the option as having been exercised, and on the payment of the further $50,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116  to the estate agents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 Settlement Date was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3243454\charrsid14703116 deferred to 4 March 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5588425\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5588425\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 By the time the deferred S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 ettlement Date approached, the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 urchaser had not applied to the Board for its consent to the transfer of the lease.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693762\charrsid14703116 In view of the Vendor\rquote 
s obligation under clause 4.4 of the agreement to give the Purchaser \'93reasonable assistance\'94 to enable it to obtain the Board\rquote s consent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 endor\rquote s s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 olicitors wrote to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 urch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4074953\charrsid14703116 aser\rquote s solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693762\charrsid14703116 
 on 22 February 2011, ie shortly before the deferred Settlement Date,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116  enclosing copies of (a) the transfer of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2042071\charrsid14703116  in draft}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116  and (b) a completed application to the Board in triplicate for its consent to the transfer of the lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 se.  In the event, neither the Vendor nor the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 
urchaser were ready to complete the transaction by the deferred Settlement Date, and that date passed without either of the parties objecting.  That triggered clause 7.11 of the agreement, which provided:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 \'93
If neither party is ready, willing and able to settle on the Settlement Date, the Settlement Date shall be deferred to the next Working Day following the date on which one of the parties gives }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12803093\charrsid14703116 tice that it has become ready, willing and able to settle.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 
Pursuant to this clause, the Settlement Date was further deferred.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8071721\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8071721\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 Although the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 endor\rquote s solicitors had sent to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11487522\charrsid14703116  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 urchaser\rquote s solicitors a completed application to the Board for its consent to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 the transfer of the lease, the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 urchaser did nothing about that.  It had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2042071\charrsid14703116 still not obtained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 the consent of the Board to the transfer.  Accordingly, by a letter dated 29 April 2011,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 endor\rquote s solicitors required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116 urchaser to remedy its breach of clause 4.1(a) of the agreement by obtaining the Board\rquote 
s consent within 10 working days.  In doing that, it was invoking clause 7.7 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 f the agreement, which provided (so far as is material):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 \'93If the Purchaser defaults \'85
 in the performance or observance of any \'85 
 condition in the Agreement, the Vendor may serve a settlement notice on the Purchaser requiring the said default to be remedied and if the Purchaser has not remedied the said breach within 10 Working Days from the date of service of the settlement notice
, the Vendor, without prejudice to the Vendor\rquote s other remedies, may:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li2520\ri1440\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin1440\lin2520\itap0\pararsid11289555\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 sue the Purchaser for specific performance; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}cancel the Agreement and pursue all or any of the remedies under clause 7.8 or at law.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12785459\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11487522\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 The remedies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 available to the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 
endor under clause 7.8 included the right to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9319095\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 forfeit and retain for the Vendor\rquote s own benefit the depos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 it paid by the Purchaser\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5852995\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid671716\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11294657\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11294657\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 urchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693762\charrsid14703116  still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 
 did not obtain the consent of the Board to the transfer of the lease.  Accordingly, by a letter d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116 ated 17 November 2011, the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 endor\rquote s solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116  (a) noted that this consent had not been obtained, (b) stated that that amou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693762\charrsid14703116 nted to a breach of clause 4.1(a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 ) of the agreement, (c) pursuant to clause 7.11 of the agreement, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 appointed the following day as the new Settlement Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 , and (d) gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064001\charrsid14703116  the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 urchaser\rquote s solicitors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 notice that if th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 e P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 urchaser failed to complete settlement on the following day, a notice of default would be served}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116  and the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 endor would exercise such remedies as it was entitled to under the ag
reement.  Settlement was not effected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116  on the following day, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2042071\charrsid14703116 
pursuant to clause 7.7 of the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 urchaser }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2042071\charrsid14703116 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2183949\charrsid14703116 a further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8480157\charrsid14703116 
10 working days to obtain the consent of the Board and to pay the balance of the purchase price.  Neither of those two things were done, and by let}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
ter dated 2 December 2011, the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8480157\charrsid14703116 endor cancelled the agreement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 
 The deposits, now totaling $900,000,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116  were not repaid to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 
urchaser.  They were paid by the estate agent to the Receivers, who paid them in due}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8480157\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693762\charrsid14703116 
course to the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6046991\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11294657\charrsid14703116 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11294657\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4009993\charrsid14703116 There is a real irony at the heart of this case.  The agreement actually pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
vided what could happen if the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4009993\charrsid14703116 urchaser had not obtained the Board\rquote s 
consent to the transfer by the deferred Settlement Date.  The relevant clause was clause 4.5.  It provided that both parties could cancel the agreement by giving to the other party notice in writing to that effect, and if the agreement was indeed cancelle
d pursuant to that c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 lause, the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4009993\charrsid14703116 endo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 r was obliged to refund to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4009993\charrsid14703116 urchaser the deposit which th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 e P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 urch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 aser had paid.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116 This clause was obviously inserted to pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 vide for what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14824611\charrsid14703116  was to happen if the B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 oard refused to give it consent, but it looks as if the lang
uage of the clause was such that it could be invoked even if the Board\rquote s consent had not been sought.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 So if the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 urchaser had cancelled the agreement after the deferred Settlement Date of 18 November 2011 under clause 4.5 but before 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
December 2011 when the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 endor cancelled the agreement under clause 7.7, it looks to me as if the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 V
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 endor would have been obliged to return the initial deposit of $850,000 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 
(and perhaps the additional deposit of $50,000 as well) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 to the pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 rchaser.  However, since the P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15549468\charrsid14703116 urchaser did not purport to exercise its right of cancellation under clause 4.5, nothing more needs to be said on the topic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4009993\charrsid14703116  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 The proceedings
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 urchaser issued proceedings in the High Court against the estate agents,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116  the Receivers and the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 s.  It withdrew its claim against the estate agents, and proceeded only against the Rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 eivers and the mortgagee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 s.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216557\charrsid14703116 
It sought, among other things, the return of the deposits it had paid.  At first blush, it is not easy to see how such a claim could get off the gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 ound.  The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 urchaser had not complied with its contractual duty to obtain the Board\rquote s co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
nsent to the transfer, and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14686886\charrsid14703116 Vendor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 
 had meticulously followed the provisions in the agreement which triggered its power to cancel the agreement.  The forfeiture of the deposits had been specifically provided for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
in the agreement as one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14686886\charrsid14703116 Vendor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 \rquote s remedies for the cancellation of the agreement fo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 r the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 urchaser\rquote s non-performance of its contractual obligations.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16733895\charrsid14703116 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 That left the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 urchaser with ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 st one line of attack.  If the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 endor had acted at all times in accordance with the agreement, it wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 s the legality of the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 of the lease }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16346801\charrsid14703116 itself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 which had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284280\charrsid14703116 to be challenged.  Its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 case, therefore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5915087\charrsid14703116 was that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1057494\charrsid14703116 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116  of the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 ct itself rend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 ered the transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116  unlawful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 Section 12(1)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116  prohibited any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 alienation of, or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116 dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116  iTaukei land without the consent of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 he Board, and the consent of the Board had not been obtained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 Unfortunately, the Amended Statement of Claim did not identify the alienation of, or dealing with, the land which was s}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 aid to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 render}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 ed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116  the transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116 of the lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 Nor was there a pre-trial conference at which}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116  that could have been clarified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116  It was only in the written submissions filed on behalf of the Purchaser at the conclusion of the evidence that the Purchaser\rquote s case emerged.  The transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116  of the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116  had been unlawful for no reason other than that the consent of the Board }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116 to the transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 had not been obtained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116   Accord}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 ingly, the agr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116 eement for the transfer had been null and void, an
d the Purchaser was entitled to the return of the deposits.  The basis upon which in these circumstances the Purchaser was entitled to the return of the deposits was never spelled out, either in the Amended Statement of Claim or in the Purchaser\rquote 
s written submissions, but presumably this was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116 
claim for the return moneys had and received when the consideration for those payments, namely the transfer to the Purchaser of the leas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 e, had wholly failed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15277487\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116 judge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 , Nanayakkara J,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9123830\charrsid14703116  approached the question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116  whether the transfer had been unlawful on a wholly different basis.  He treated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 the Purchaser\rquote s case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 as if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537507\charrsid14703116 alienation of, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116 dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537507\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11367753\charrsid14703116  the land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116  which rendered the transfer unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12066327\charrsid14703116  was (a) the payment of the deposits by the
 Purchaser and (b) the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 access to the resort which the Purchaser had been given from the Access Date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116   In his opinion, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 payment of the deposits and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116 grant of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116  such access to the resort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9981424\charrsid14703116  meant that the V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284280\charrsid14703116 endor had alienated or dealt with the land within the meani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 ng of section 12(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284280\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116 
Since the consent of the Board had not been obtai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284280\charrsid14703116 ned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537507\charrsid14703116  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 the payment of the deposits or for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8537507\charrsid14703116 the Purchaser to have that access to the res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 ort, the transfer of the lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8344944\charrsid14703116 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116 unlawful.  The agreement h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 
ad therefore been null and void}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116 , and the court could not enforce what was in ess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 
ence an illegal agreement.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3827075\charrsid14703116 Of course, the usual consequence of an agreement being held to be illegal is that neither party to the agreement can recover anything paid und
er it.  But the judge took the view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12066327\charrsid14703116 
the normal consequence of an agreement being held to be unlawful should not apply to this case.  That was because he took the view that in this case it had been the Vendor\rquote s responsibility to apply for the Board\rquote s consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 , not the Purchaser\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12066327\charrsid14703116 
.  It was their failure to do that which had rendered the agreement unlawful, and the Purchaser should therefore not be penalized for that.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216557\charrsid14703116 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 gave judgment for the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116 
urchaser against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116  the Receivers and the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12786119\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4216557\charrsid14703116 , and ordered them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116  to return the deposits to the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216557\charrsid14703116 
urchaser.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 The Receivers and the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4216557\charrsid14703116 s appealed to the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116   The Court of Appeal (Basnayake, Lecamwasam and Dayaratne JJA) allowed the appeal, and set aside the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3431686\charrsid14703116 
 order of the High Court.  The P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116 urchaser now applies for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116 Discussion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15236622\charrsid14703116      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13044930\charrsid14703116 hree preliminary points}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044930\charrsid14703116 
.  There are three preliminar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 y points I wish to make.  The first focuses on the Purchaser\rquote s case at the trial.  I have no doubt that it was flawed.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044930\charrsid14703116 he mere fact that the consent of the B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 oard to the transfer had not been obtained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044930\charrsid14703116 could not on its own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044930\charrsid14703116 render}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8529633\charrsid14703116 ed the transfer unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 . As the Privy Council said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116  [1963] 1 WLR 677, a decision of the Privy Council on appeal from the Court of Appeal of Fiji:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 \'93 \'85
  it would be an absurdity to say that a mere agreement to deal with land would contravene Section 12, for there must necessarily be some prior agreement in all such cases.  Otherwise there would be nothing for which to seek the Board\rquote s consent.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 In any event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 , it is important to remember that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 he agreement did not provide for the transfer of the lease to take effect on the signing of t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116 he agreement.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 he transfer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116 of the lease would only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid264169\charrsid14703116 take effect on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16258110\charrsid14703116 Settlement Date
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116  by when the balance of the purchase price had to be paid.  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16258110\charrsid14703116 lause 4.1(a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116 of the agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16258110\charrsid14703116 contemplated that the Board\rquote 
s consent to the transfer would have been obtained by then because otherwise the transfer would have been unlawful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 In other words, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116 he transfer would only have been unlawful if it took effect on the Settlement Date without the Board\rquote s consent having been obtained.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116 Kulamma v Manadan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116 
 [1968] AC 1062, the Privy Council said that the parties \'93should be presumed to contemplate a legal course of proceeding rather than an illegal [one]\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9006108\charrsid14703116 
Since it was never contemplated that the transfer of the lease would take effect without the Board\rquote s consent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4411000\charrsid14703116 
, there was no question of the proposed transfer being unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  simply because the Board\rquote s consent to the transfer had not been obtained earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4411000\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 That i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13317933\charrsid14703116 s the effect of a series of cases inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13317933\charrsid14703116 
uding the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116 of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116 Jai Kissun Singh v Sumintra}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116  (1970) 16 FLR 165}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16460141\charrsid14703116 , the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 D B Waite (Oversea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16460141\charrsid14703116 s) Ltd v Wallath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16460141\charrsid14703116 
 (1972) 18 FLR 141,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116  and the decision of the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116 Reggiero v Kashiwa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4467999\charrsid14703116  [1998] FJSC 8.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 Secondly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6833506\charrsid14703116 the trial judge thought that \'93the primary responsibility\'94 for applying to the Board for its consent to the transfer of the lease lay with the Vendor.  That was despite clause 4.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833506\charrsid14703116  of the agreement which provided that it was for the Purchaser to obtain the Boa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15933945\charrsid14703116 rd\rquote s consent.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9190767\charrsid14703116 he judge came to the view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933945\charrsid14703116 he did 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116 because section 12 said that it was unlawful for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116 lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116  to deal with the land without the Board\rquote s consent.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116 Indeed, that was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116  one of the reasons which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116 led Gould VP in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116 Waite}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116  to conclude that it was for the tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8206057\charrsid14703116 ansferor to obtain the Board\rquote s consent.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116 I do not agree.  Section 12 was focusing on the consequences of an alienation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 of, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116 or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116  land without the Board
\rquote s consent: it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933945\charrsid14703116 ould render the transfer unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 Since it was the lessee who was alienating or dealing with the land, it was inevitable that section 12 would be drafted in such a way as to make the lessee\rquote 
s alienation or dealing with the land unlawful.  Section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116  was not purporting to lay down who should apply for that consent.  If the parties wanted to provide for who was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116  to apply for consent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116  that wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 s entirely up to them.  In this case, they decided to do that by agreeing in clause 4.1(a) of the agreement that it was the Purchaser who had to apply for the Board\rquote s consent.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 Having said that, who had the responsibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116  for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116  applying for the Board\rquote s consent was, in my respectful opinion, irrelevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
to whether there had been an alienation of, or dealing with, the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116  within the meaning of section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116 .  Whoever had the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 sponsibility of applying for the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10422754\charrsid14703116 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 s consent, the critical issue was wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
ether there had been an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538486\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116  the land whi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 ch came within section 12.  If there had not been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116 , the question of the Board\rquote s conse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105216\charrsid14703116 nt fell away: the Board\rquote s consent was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116  not requir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 ed.  If there had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105216\charrsid14703116 , the Board\rquote 
s consent was required, whoever had the responsibility for applying for it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116   Who had the responsibility for applying for the Board\rquote 
s consent was highly relevant to whether the Purchaser had been in breach of the agreement, but not to whether there had been an alienation of, or dealing with, the land within the meaning of section 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4413890\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6105216\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6175516\charrsid14703116 Thirdly, section 12 did not seek to identify what might constitute an alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6175516\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6175516\charrsid14703116 
 the land which would trigger the requirement to obtain the Board\rquote s consent.  However, it was intended to cover the many forms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6175516\charrsid14703116 such an alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6175516\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116 or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116 
 the land can take by saying that it would be unlawful whether the alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116  the land was 
\'93by sale, transfer or sublease or in any other manner whatsoever\'94.  The Court of Appeal did not think that the words \'93or in any other manner whatsoever\'94 added anything.  They referred to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116 eiusdem generis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116  rule, namely that when a list of specific items belonging
 to the same class is followed by general words, the general words are to be treated as confined to other items of the same class.  That led the Court of Appeal to ask whether the agreement in this case could be categorized as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11930207\charrsid14703116  sale, transfer or sub-lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11930207\charrsid14703116 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7423898 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid12005262 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12005262 
 The Court of Appeal also asked whether the agreement could be categorized as a mortgage since a mortgage was was one of the prohibited ways of dealing with land in reg 9 of the iTaukei Land Trust (Leases and Licences) Regulations 1984.  They should not 
have done that.  Reg 9 was not concerned at all with the circumstances in which an arrangement involving iTaukei land needed the Board\rquote 
s consent.  It provided that land in an iTaukei reserve should not be dealt with or passed to someone other than an iTaukei.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11930207\charrsid14703116 .  That was the wrong approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116   It gives no effect to the words \'93or in any other manner whatsoever\'94.  The application of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116 
eiusdem generis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116  rule to these words merely limits the alienation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 of, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116 or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116  the land contempl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ated by section 12 to any other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116 
 forms of alienating or dealing with land.  As we shall see, the courts have often considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
 whether particular arrangements other than a sale, transfer or sublease of land amount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116  to the sort of alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14908759\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116  l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116 and contemplated by section 12.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14303453\charrsid14703116 
If the Court of Appeal\rquote s approach were correct, the approach of those courts (which include the Privy Council and the Supreme Court of Fiji) would have been wrong.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3240114\charrsid14703116   }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7424331\charrsid14703116    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833506\charrsid14703116    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15100976\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 What was rendered unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 ?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 The issue on which both the High Court and the Court of Appeal focused their attention was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4411000\charrsid14703116 on one particular feature of the agreement 
\endash  namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 whether the access which the Purchaser had to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 the resort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116  during the Interim Period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7423898\charrsid14703116 , c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
oupled with the payment by the Purchaser of the deposits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7423898\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116  amounted to an alienat}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116 ion or dealing with the land for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116 which the Board\rquote s consent was re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116 quired}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 .  But}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  there was, I think, another}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116  issue which arose.  Let us assume that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 had been right to hold that these things }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 had amounted to an alien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 ation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116  for which the Board\rquote 
s consent had been required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 .  What should the effect of that conclusion be?  In other words, what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 
 was it that this alienation o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 r dealing with the land should render}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116  unlawful?  Th
e whole of the agreement, or just that part of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 agreement which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116 
related to the things for which the Board\rquote s consent had been required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
  So far as I can tell, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116 iss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116 ue was ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 ver addressed.  The trial judge just assumed that it rendered the whole of the agreement unlawful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116   It is a point which I would }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 
to return to if I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7027100\charrsid14703116 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7027100\charrsid14703116 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  with the trial judge\rquote s conclusion th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16273881\charrsid14703116 
at there had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 an alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116  the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1905650\charrsid14703116  for which the Board\rquote s consent had been required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 The nature of a licence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3218401\charrsid14703116 Against this background, I turn to the access which the Purchaser was given to the resort in the Interim Period, that being one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid810462\charrsid14703116 
two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3218401\charrsid14703116 things which the Purchaser now says, and which the judge found, constituted an alienation of, or dealing with, the land for which the Board\rquote 
s consent was required.  Such access in law am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10180828\charrsid14703116 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3218401\charrsid14703116 unts to the grant of a licence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 At the risk of being accused of going back to first principles, I want to say something about the nature of a licence.  There is in Fiji no general right to go onto someone else\rquote 
s land.  You need the owner of the land\rquote s permission to do that.  Otherwise, you would be committing the tort of trespass.  If you get the owner\rquote 
s permission to go onto their land, you are said to have been granted a licence to do that.  A licence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12141235\charrsid14703116 legitimis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116 es what would otherwise be a trespass.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 The effect of the grant of a licence: generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12141235\charrsid14703116 In legal orthodoxy a licence which merely entitles someone to go onto someone else\rquote s land does not create any proprietary interest in the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12141235\charrsid14703116  Obvious examples are the postman }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12141235\charrsid14703116 the window-cleaner, who have permission to go onto someone\rquote s land to deliver letters or clean their windows.  No-one would say that they have acquired an interest in land of the type 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3218401\charrsid14703116 contemplated by section 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481170\charrsid14703116 .  At the other end of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116  the spectrum, there is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829497\charrsid14703116  the case of someone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15481170\charrsid14703116 
who is allowed onto someone else\rquote s land to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829497\charrsid14703116 build houses there.  That was the position in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8073172\charrsid14703116 Chalmers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8073172\charrsid14703116 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897623\charrsid14703116 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9897623\charrsid14703116 Imam Hussain v Shiu Narayan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897623\charrsid14703116 
 [1978] FCA 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116  (Court of Appeal), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9897623\charrsid14703116 Logessa v Pachamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9897623\charrsid14703116  [1980] FCA 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid810462\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 (Court of Appeal) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11020146\charrsid14703116 Ram Swamy Adi Narayan v Padma Wadi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11020146\charrsid14703116  [1998] FJSC 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116  (the Supreme Court)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11020146\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829497\charrsid14703116   The Privy Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 Chalmers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2829497\charrsid14703116 held that such a licence was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255459\charrsid14703116 close to a lease, but it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2829497\charrsid14703116 at the very least a dealing with the land within the meaning of section 12.  The licence in the present case falls between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841269\charrsid14703116 
these two extremes, and as the Privy Council said in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5526126\charrsid14703116 Kulamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841269\charrsid14703116 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1256789\charrsid14703116 \'93  \'85  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9841269\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4729283\charrsid14703116 term licence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9841269\charrsid14703116  covers the whole range}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1255459\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1256789\charrsid14703116 
between one which confers such extensive rights over the land as almost to amount to a lease and one which merely confers permission to enter without liability to an action for trespass: the question is where, on the sca
le, the rights conferred by the [agreement in question]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1255459\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1256789\charrsid14703116 are to be found.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1599458\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14769663\charrsid14703116 
The fact of the matter is, as the Privy Council made clear in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14769663\charrsid14703116 Kulamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14769663\charrsid14703116 
, merely because an agreement can amount to a licence, it is not necessarily to be described as a dealing in land.  It all depends on a proper analysis of the agreement in question.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1599458\charrsid14703116 
I have looked at all the cases referred to in the parties\rquote 
 written submissions to see if any of them lay down any principles for determining on which side of the dividing line a particular transaction falls, or if the facts of any of them are so close to the present case that the conclusion in that case is a gui
de to the right conclusion in the present case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116   I have not found one where the facts are sufficiently close to the present case to be a helpful guide, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9727468\charrsid14703116 it is plain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116 that a licence of a purely con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11020146\charrsid14703116 tractual and personal nature is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116  very likely not to amount to a dealing in land.  For that reason, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116 Kulamma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116  itself, the grant of a licence to farm land could not be said to be a dealing in land.  Nor could }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116 a purely personal right arising from promissory or equitable estoppel, whereby a separated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116 de facto
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116  wife was entitled as against her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116  husband to live permanently on land: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116 
Maharaj v Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9256466\charrsid14703116  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6246377\charrsid14703116 1986] AC 898}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 
The effect of the grant of the licence in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 
Having considered carefully the terms of the agreement in this case, I have concluded that it did not amount to an alienation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116  of,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116  or dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 
 land within the meaning of section 12.  The agreement was, of course, for the transfer of the lease, but since the transfer was not going to take effect until the consent of the Board had 
been obtained, the fact that the agreement was for the transfer of the lease did not render the agreement unlawful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid810462\charrsid14703116 One of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid810462\charrsid14703116 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 particular }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 feature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid810462\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 
 of the agreement which is said to have rendered it unlawful was the fact that the resort was to be managed by the Purchaser in the Interim Period, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 for that purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 the Purcha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 ser had been given access to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12141235\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7612588\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid541647\charrsid14703116 52}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 
  The background here was that the lease which the agreement purported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 to transfer contemplated that the land would be run as 
a tourist resort throughout the duration of the lease.  That was why the Vendor agreed in clause 2(g) of the lease \'93to keep the \'85 Resort open for Business and manage and conduct it in an efficient, orderly and lawful manner\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 At all times, there had to some body in place to manage it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 
But since the Vendor was in receivership, it was, no doubt, unable to finance the management of the resort itself.  It need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 ed another company to come in an}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 d manage the resort for it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 Ms Khan for the Purchaser }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 realistically }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 accepted that if the owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 
 of a resort want to engage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116  a management company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116 
 to manage the resort, and give the management company access to the resort to do that, the grant of access to the resort for that purpose would not amount to an alienation of, or d
ealing with, the land within the meaning of section 12.   She contended that what made all the differenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 e in this case was that these were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 no ordinary management arrangements.  The arrangements amounted to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16737948\charrsid14703116  a management agreement which was part and parcel of the sale and purchase agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13455930\charrsid14703116 
The purchasers under the sale and purchase agreement were also to be the managers of the resort in the Interim Period.  The Purchaser, in other words, was a purchaser in possession.  It was that whi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 ch made the management arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13455930\charrsid14703116 
 in this case an alienation of, or dealing with, land within the meaning of section 12.  This refinement of the Purchaser\rquote s argument is a new one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12804638\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13455930\charrsid14703116 The flaw in this argument is that it wrongly conflates the Purchaser\rquote s two roles.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 
On the one hand, it was buying the resort as purchaser and on the other during the Interim Period it would be managing the resort.  These were separate roles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 
 governed by separate arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 , even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116  if the management arrangements were}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116  annexed to the sale and purchase agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13394626\charrsid14703116 Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7996052\charrsid14703116 we were told by Mr Clark for the Receivers that the management arrangements had been cancelled for the Purchaser\rquote 
s failure to obtain the necessary insurance, but we have seen no evidence of that.  The point remains, though, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13394626\charrsid14703116 
the cancellation of the sale and purchase agreement did not necessarily bring the management arrangements to an end. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996052\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13394626\charrsid14703116 n short, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13394626\charrsid14703116 he Purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116  was not given access to the resort because it was buying the resort.  It was given access to the
 resort in order to manage it.  It was not therefore a purchaser in possession.  It was in possession as the manager of the resort and not as its prospective purchaser. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 54}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116      Ms Khan sought to overcome that hurdle by relying on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116 clause 14 of the sale and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 purchase agreement and paras}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116  6, 7 and 13 of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 he management arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116  She argued that they}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116  were not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 terms which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116 
 you would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116 find in a conventional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116 
 management agreement, and they show that something more than a management agreement was in play here.  These}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116  provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116  provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116 
 that the Purchaser assumed the risk of destruction or damage to the resort from the Access Date (clause 14.2), that no fees would be payable to the Purchaser for its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 
management of the resort (para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116  6), that the Purchaser would be entitled from the Access Date to all th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 e revenue received by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116  the resort, and would be liable for all the expenses incurred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 in running the resort (para }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116 7), and that the Purchaser would comply with all the Vendor\rquote s obl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 igations under the lease (para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116  13).  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105798\charrsid14703116 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9662152\charrsid14703116 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116  is a powerful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5644558\charrsid14703116  argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 It is a pity that it was deployed for the first time in the Supreme Court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 
The management arrangements were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116  unquestionably not a conventional management agreement.  Managers do not usually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 assume the risk of damage to the business or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116 keep the profits of the business they are managing and bear its losses instead of earnin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 g fees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116 .  But }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 
in the final analysis, these unusual provisions simply reflected the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116 the resort was to be managed during the Interim Period by the prospective purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 
r of the resort.  These were benefits which the Purchaser was given and burdens which it assumed because it was going to be the owner of the resort after the Settlement Date.  But it was not in the capacity as prospective purchaser of t
he resort that the Pur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 chaser agreed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116  manageme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13582935\charrsid14703116 nt arrangements.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 It did so in its capacity as manager of the resort during the Interim Period.  That was why the Purchase}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 r was described throughout the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 anageme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 nt arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116  as the Manager, and not as the 
Purchaser which was how it was described in the sale and purchase agreement.  Just as it wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 s in possession of the resort in its capacity as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116  manager and not as prospective purchaser, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 so too }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 
it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 in the capacity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 manager }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 that it managed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116 the resort }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 
and not in its capacity as prospective purchaser, even though some of the terms of the management }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116  reflected the fact that when the Settlement Date arrived it would be the owner of the resort.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12606030\charrsid14703116    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12005262\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15038678\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13455930\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 56}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 It is important to note that the Purchaser did not have a completely free hand in how it managed the resort.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116 The managem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 ent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  define}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  what the Purchaser could }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 not d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 
 when managing the resort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 , just as much as it defined what the Purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  co}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 uld}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 .  Indeed, the Purchaser}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  did not even have the exclusive r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 ight to occupy the res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 ort.  Para 11 of the arrangements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116 
 stipulated that, although the Vendor had to allow the Purchaser to manage the resort without interruption by the Vendor, the Vendor was entitled to inspect the resort at any time while doing it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  best to avoid disruption to the resort.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116   The Purchaser
\rquote s permission to occupy the land was for the limited purpose of enabling it to manage the resort.  Nor was there to be any change in the use of the land.  The land was to continue to be a holiday resort just as it had been prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 the making of the agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13394626\charrsid14703116 
Indeed, all the provisions in the management arrangements related to the management of the resort; none had anything to do with an interest in land.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 
Once you take the transfer of the lease out of the equation, as you have to because it was not the transfer of the lease which was going to take effect without the Board\rquote s consent, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116 ll that had happened was that there had been a change in the personnel running the resort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1590614\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4997761\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8722604\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 57}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 ]\tab T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 he fact that the Purchaser had access to the resort to manage it during the Interim Period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 not the only possible r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116 eason for holding that there had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116  an alienation of, or dealing with, the land within the meaning of section 12.  There was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15937250\charrsid14703116 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 the payment of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 initial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 deposit of $850,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 
 and the further deposit of $50,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5973313\charrsid14703116   As I have said, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11746604\charrsid14703116 he trial judge bracketed the part-payment of the purchase price and the entry upon the land to manage the resort as together amounting 
to the alienation of, or dealing with, the land within the meaning of section 12.  I do not agree.  The payment of the deposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11746604\charrsid14703116  was attributable to that part of the agreement whi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 ch related to the transfer of the lease.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11746604\charrsid14703116 Since the transfer of the lease was not going to take effect wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 
thout the consent of the Board, payments made in connection with that transfer could not be taken to be objectionable, whether on their own or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 with the management arrangements}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 .  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 58}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 Other issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 .  Both sides of the dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116  raised a number of issues which were designed to persuade the judge that finding fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 r the other party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116  would be unfair \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116  as if that was relevant to the technical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116  issue which the judge had to decide, which it was not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116 First}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 , there wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116 s much talk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 at the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 about unjust enrichment.  Was it fair for the deposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 
 to be forfeited when the agreement had been cancelled?  It was said that this was no more than a completely unacceptable windfall for the Receiv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 ers and the mortgagee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116 s.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 I do not agree.  If consent to 
the transfer was obtained, and the transfer had gone ahead as originally intended, the payment of the deposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116  would have reduced the balance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14895370\charrsid14703116 the purch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096269\charrsid14703116 
ase price.  If the transfer did not take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14895370\charrsid14703116  place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116  \endash 
 either because the consent of the Board had not been sought or because the agreement was cancelled for one reason or another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096269\charrsid14703116  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116  what would happen to the deposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116 
 would depend on the terms of the agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096269\charrsid14703116   If the Purcha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9908401\charrsid14703116 ser had to forfeit its }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 deposits that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15096269\charrsid14703116 
 was not unjust: it was simply what the agreement to which the Purchaser was a party had provided for.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1268701\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116 Secondly, in the course of the cross-examination of the Vendor\rquote s solicitor, it was suggested to her that the Vendor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116 s solicitors had been disingenuous on 17 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116  2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116  when they informed the Purchaser\rquote s solicitors that if they failed to complete settlement on the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116  day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116 
, a notice of default would be served.  The criticism was that it would have been quite impossible for the Purchaser to apply for, and obtain, the Board\rquote s consent to the transfer of the lease in 24 hours.  That criticism was unfair.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116 The agreement had provided for the Purchaser to obtain the Board\rquote s consent as soon as reasonably practicable, and it had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 done nothing for over 18 months, despite the assistance it had received from the Vendor\rquote s solicitors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11080605\charrsid14703116   In any event, the Vendor
\rquote s solicitors were merely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116 taking the steps which the agreement required them to take before the Vendor could exercise its right of cancellation under clau
se 7.7 of the agreement.  The letter of 17 November 2011 was not therefore purp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 orting to give the Purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3017085\charrsid14703116  additional time to apply for, and obtain, the Board\rquote s consent to the transfer of the lease.  The Vendor had by then decided to cancel the agreement 
and forfeit the deposits, and this was the way in which the agreemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 t provided for that to be done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14508000\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15539303\charrsid14703116      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 For these reasons, I agree with the Court of Appeal 
\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116  albeit by a very different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 route \endash 
 that there was no alienation of, or dealing with, the land without the consent of the Board.  It follows that the agreement was not null and void, and the premise on which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 judge ordered the Receivers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116  and the mortgagee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 s to return the deposit to t
he Purchaser was incorrect.  I do not think that the proposed appeal raises a far-reaching question of law.  The issue was whether on the application of well-established principles, the agreement in question amounted to an alienation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 , o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 r dealing with, land without the Board\rquote s consent.  I would therefore refuse leave to appeal, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 I would order the Petitioner to pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 y $5,000 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2694768\charrsid14703116  towards their costs of resisting the application for leave to appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 This is half the sum I would otherwise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 have ordered: the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 s\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 interest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 on this appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719191\charrsid14703116 were identical to those of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116  Receivers, and I see no reason why t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 he Purchaser should have to contribute to both of their costs}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 .  Both the Receivers and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116  mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 s could have been represented on the appeal by one set of lawyers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 Postscript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8803488\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid941870\charrsid14703116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 61}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 
The written submissions filed by the parties for the appeal referred to a number of authorities.  However, copies of those authorities did not accompany the written submissions.  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8480860\charrsid14703116 opies of the authorities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 to be relied on by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 
 the Receivers and the mortgagee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 s reached us only the day before the hearin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 
g of the appeal.  We were only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 provided with copies of the authorities to be relied on by the Purchaser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116  during the hearing of the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5253302\charrsid14703116 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4876072\charrsid14703116 
That was a serious failure to comply with rule 22(3) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11283026\charrsid14703116 Rules of the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4876072\charrsid14703116 
which requires copies of the authorities to be relied upon to accompany the written submissions.  There is good reason for copies of the authorities to be provided: it saves the members of the 
court having to spend what might be quite a lot of time gathering the authorities for themselves, or finding them online, and then copying them for use in their preparation for the hearing, at the hearing itself, and in writing their judgments.  And there
 is good reason for copies of the authorities to be provided well before the hearing.  Hearings in the Supreme Court are short: there are limits on the time allowed for oral argument.  That is because the members of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8480860\charrsid14703116 the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4876072\charrsid14703116 ourt will have read the papers in th
e case beforehand.  Their preparation for the hearing will be hampered if they do not have copies of the authorities to hand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15533737\charrsid14703116 
  I trust that rule 22(3) will be complied with in the future.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4876072\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 62}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4876072\charrsid14703116 There is, of course, the danger, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15533737\charrsid14703116 that many of the authorities will be copied more than once}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8480860\charrsid14703116  if they are to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15533737\charrsid14703116  relied on by more than one party to the appeal.  But that danger can be avoided.  Rules 22(1) and (2) provide for the sequential filing of written submissions: the Petitioner\rquote 
s written submissions 42 days before the hearing, and the Respondent\rquote 
s 21 days before the hearing.  If the Respondent wishes to rely on any of the authorities relied on by the Petitioner, copies of those authorities do not need to accompany their written submissions \endash  provided, of course, 
that the Petitioner has complied with Rule 22(3) and attached copies of the authorities to their written submissions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2967661\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 Jayawardena J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1321625\charrsid14703116 63}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7209882\charrsid14703116 \tab I had the privilege of reading the 
draft judgment of Justice Brian Keith and I am in agreement with the reasoning and conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15022071\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 Order:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11289555\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 Leave to appeal refused
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}Petiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6097910\charrsid14703116 oner to pay $5,000 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3690841\charrsid14703116 Respondents towards their costs
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11289555 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2706516\charrsid14703116         }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068614\charrsid14703116       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1180235\charrsid14703116   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10355442 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658711\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10355442 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 The Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 JUDGE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid13776254\charrsid14703116 OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 THE SUPREME COURT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14703116\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid878332 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice Priyantha Jayawardena
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid878332\charrsid14703116 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6042764\charrsid14703116 
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