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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par 
\par 
\par CRIMINAL PETITION NO. CAV 0005 of 2019
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 [Court of Appeal No. AAU 155 of 2016]
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 
\par BETWEEN\tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15157143 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 \tab VILIAME VEREIVALU
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 \tab JONA DAVONU
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid15157143 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 \tab PITA MATAIRAVULA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 Petitioners
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 
\par 
\par AND\tab \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15157143 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 THE STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid15157143 Respondent
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 \tab \tab \tab :\tab The Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith
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\par 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice Priyasath Dep
\par Judge of the Supreme Court
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\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr I. Fa for the Third Petitioner
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr L J Burney for the Respondent
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\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4982451\charrsid5326104 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104  of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 \tab :\tab 20 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4982451\charrsid5326104 and 21 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104  2022\tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 \tab :\tab 27 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104  2022    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13854088\charrsid5326104 Gates J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [1]\tab 
I have had the advantage of reading in draft the judgment of Keith J.  I agree with his Lordship\rquote s assessment of the evidence presented before us in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 voir dire}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 .  I also agree with his findings, reasons, and with the orders proposed.  I add a few words of my own, but I will not dwell on the evidence.  Keith J has dealt with that in detail.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [2]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543  proceedings before us were ordered by a differently con
stituted panel in the April 2022 sessions.  The proceedings were due to be heard in the August sessions but were adjourned to October, 2022.
\par 
\par [3]\tab A spate of robberies had occurred and the police responded with immediacy and commitment.  There had been an a
rmed robbery in Nadi upon a money exchange outlet.  Two suspects were discovered travelling in a mini bus to Suva which had stopped temporarily at Tagaqe.  They were arrested and taken to Malevu hill, an isolated area off the Queens highway not far from T
agaqe.  It appeared the police were trying to obtain the names of the other suspects involved.  
\par 
\par [4]\tab Nearly 30 police officers came to that place.  There was a large contingent of officers from the Western division.  A smaller group, the Suva Strike Back Team, also came.  A 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
 group, the arresting officers, came from the local police station at Sigatoka.  The improprieties, the police brutalities, were there inflicted on the 2 suspects at Malevu hill.  Charges of rape and sexual assault were laid against t
he petitioners, along with 6 other petitioners not now before this court.  They had all been convicted in the High Court of Lautoka.  The 2 team leaders were also charged and convicted of defeating the course of justice.
\par 
\par [5]\tab The 2 suspects, victims of the
 brutality, were injured.  They had endured prolonged punching, beating, kicking, and finally the pain and indignity of anal penetration with chillies and with a stick.  By any standard this was an appalling case of police misconduct.  It was a gross depa
rture from professionalism.  
\par [6]\tab The remaining petitioners in this case are from the Suva Team.  In shortened form they were Viliame, Jona, and Pita.  In the Court of Appeal two others from the original 9 convicted, were acquitted.  Three others of the rem
aining 7 did not wish to continue with their appeals, and withdrew their petitions.  One alas had died.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 The case against the Suva Team
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par [7]\tab 
Once the disclosures had been served on the accused or their lawyer Mr Khan, it would have been clear that his 9 clients were not telling the same story.  They were not in unison.  The Western Team blamed the Suva Team and the Suva Team blamed the Western
 Team.
\par 
\par [8]\tab There was also a difference in the accounts they gave in their caution interviews.  It was not the fact that there were 9 clients to be defended, it was the fact that the two teams made quite different attributions of blame.  The conflict for a 
defence lawyer was obvious.  How could he put to the prosecution witnesses the account given by the Western petitioners without incriminating his other clients, the Suva Team?  And vice versa.
\par 
\par [9]\tab The 3 petitioners, all from the Suva Team, who gave eviden
ce before us said that they had been advised (not by Mr Khan) not to answer questions in their caution interviews.  In this case, that advice appeared to be wrong.  It would have been wiser to have given their side of the story at this stage.  Depending o
n
 how trial counsel saw it, the fact that their story had been given at the interview, might have meant counsel did not need to call them to give evidence in their defence case, where they would have been subjected to cross examination.  But in view of the
 
evidence of 2 of the prosecution witnesses referring to the involvement of the 3 Suva petitioners in the assaults, if not the rapes, it would have made for a stronger case for the defence if still they had given testimony to demonstrate their non-involvem
ent with the joint enterprise of serious crimes committed by the Western Team.
\par 
\par [10]\tab The summary of the sworn evidence before us, given by the petitioners, was that they wanted their account of what had happened to come out.  It had been agreed with Mr Khan
 that they were to give evidence.  It came as a shock therefore, particularly after that morning\rquote 
s discussion where Mr Khan had reassured them that they should give evidence, that a note was passed to the 3 in court.  It had come from Mr Khan.  The note sa
id that they were to remain silent.  This was contrary to the morning discussion prior to the Judge asking them individually what they wished to do in presenting their defences.  
\par 
\par [11]\tab Familiar they may have been with police procedures, investigations, an
d basic court procedures.  But their grasp and understanding of High Court trials, appellate procedures, and evidence, would have been meagre at best.  For instance, it was not understood that a co-accused\rquote 
s statement in a caution interview was not evidenc
e against another co-accused unless the maker went into the witness box and repeated the statement or allegation on oath.  From their evidence before us, it was obvious the sudden change in the direction of their cases at what was meant to be the commence
ment of their defence had been confusing and perplexing.  They said they believed Mr Khan and thought he could still win their cases.
\par 
\par [12]\tab This was a na\'efve, and an uninformed opinion.  As the case stood at the close of all of the evidence, the court would 
still not have known what their defence was.  Mr Khan had not put significant parts of what they had to say in their accepted plain statements to the witnesses who had identified them and accused them of punching, kicking and in Pita\rquote 
s case, of using a sti
ck.  There was no evidence, if they failed to give sworn testimony, to set against that of the 2 suspects, Boila and Soko, and the police officer Apete.  Mr Khan could not put the case for the 3 Suva petitioners to those witnesses because their case invol
ved naming the Western Team police officers responsible \endash  who were also Mr Khan\rquote 
s clients in the trial.  That was the reason also for him not allowing them at the last minute to give evidence, contrary to what had originally been communicated to them and agreed.  
\par 
\par [13]\tab At the time of the trial, Mr Khan had told the Suva petitioners that he was not worried about the Suva Team.  But he was worried about the Western Team.  The Western Team\rquote 
s caution interviews in which there were admissions of involvement in t
he crimes, were ruled admissible.  Mr Khan then sacrificed the Suva clients in order to try to save his Western clients.  He prevented the Suva petitioners from pointing blame at the Western clients, and to some extent from confirming the admissions in th
e caution interviews of the Western clients.
\par 
\par [14]\tab Given the opportunity to demonstrate the lack of conflict and the freedom that the waiver of privilege of the Suva clients had granted, Mr Khan failed in his affidavit either to address the requirements of the court\rquote 
s order or to deal with the issues raised in this part of the petition proceedings and the petitioners\rquote  affidavits.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [15]\tab 
This was a most rare application to the Supreme Court.  The court is alert to the lateness of the hour in raising such a cas
e.  If not skeptical, the approach must be one of extreme caution.  Matters not raised at the earliest challenging earlier court proceedings often failed because the last minute application may undermine the sincerity and veracity of the approach being ma
de to the final court.  However on the key issues I believed the evidence of the 3 petitioners.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [16]\tab 
Viliame and Jona, quite junior officers, in effect said they were trapped by the circumstances in which they found themselves.  The choice of lawyer had co
me about from a recommendation through the Western Team.  They would have been very familiar with Mr Khan, a senior lawyer of many years experience based in Lautoka.  Being in the disciplined forces (Pita was a Warrant Officer No.1 in the army assigned to
 police duties), they would have been used to team work and following orders.  Changing a lawyer at a late stage either during the High Court trial or for the Court of Appeal was not a realistic option.  They were charged fees on the basis of $4,000}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5326104 ?//}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 .00 p
er charge against them in the information, a total of $8,000.00.  This was a large sum of money not likely to be readily available considering their income level.  They would have to find a similar sum, no doubt to carry the first appeal forward.  They ex
plained why they had stuck with Mr Khan until this very late stage.  The explanation was plausible and was to be accepted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [17]\tab 
These circumstances, and the lengthy post trial proceedings, would not have occurred if Mr Khan at the pre High Court trial stag
e had kept to his primary clients, those in the Western Team, the Lautoka officers.  He should not have continued with the Suva Team because of the obvious conflict.  He did them no service.  Without their cases being put to the key identifying prosecutio
n witnesses and without their accounts in sworn testimony being heard by the court at trial they had no chance of acquittal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [18]\tab 
Because of the conflict their lawyer was under in conducting their defence, and because of his failing to put their cases in cross examination and by failing to lead positive evidence to set against that of the prosecution, the trial miscarried.  The misc
arriage constituted a substantial and grave injustice, and pursuant to section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14566102\charrsid272543 ets}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543  the criteria for the grant of leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14566102\charrsid272543 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
he petition must be allowed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid412014\charrsid272543 [19]\tab 
As Keith J has already noted, an order for re-trial is no longer appropriate in view of the fact that the petitioners will have served the non-parole part of their lengthy sentences within the next 2 weeks.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid412014\charrsid2828772 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5326104 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15287418\charrsid3097948 Keith J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15287418\charrsid11285605 Introduction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 ]\tab N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5719767\charrsid11285605 ot infrequently, defendants who have been convicted complain about their leg
al representation at trial.  Such complaints are easy to make which is why an appellate court will often be sceptical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605 about them.  But t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5719767\charrsid11285605 hey will usually be quite serious which is why the appellate court will look at them with care.  A procedure was appro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14484092\charrsid11285605 
ved by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14484092\charrsid11285605 Ni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5719767\charrsid11285605 lesh Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14484092\charrsid11285605 
 [2019] FJCA 254 for determining such complaints.  If there is a factual dispute between the defendant and their counsel at trial, it may be necessary for both of them to give evidence before the appell
ate court and be subject to cross-examination to enable the court to determine where the truth lies.  That will not happen very often.  It will only happen where the issue cannot be resolved in some other way, and if the determina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605 tion of the issue is crucial to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14484092\charrsid11285605 
 the outcome of the appeal.  This is one of those rare cases where it was necessary for oral evidence to be given.  What makes the case even more unusual is that the appellate court which heard the evidence was not the Court of Appeal but the Supreme 
Court.  That was because it was only after the dismissal of the defendants\rquote  appeals by the Court of Appeal that the defendants first raised the complaints they now make.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5719767\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 The course of the proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15291812\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15287418\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 
trial concerned the alleged mistreatment by nine police officers of two men who had been arrested for robbery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9843509 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  One of the nine, Pita Matairavula, was an army officer who had been assigned to the police force.  It is easier if I refer to all nine as police officers.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 .  The police officers came from two different teams.  Six of them were members of a team fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14186213\charrsid11285605 m Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 
They were Manasa Talala, Seruvi Caqusau, Kelevi Sewatu, Penaia Drauna, Filise Vere and Senitiki Nakatasavu.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605   Manasa was the ranking officer of the team.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 The other three were members of a team from Suva.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 They were Viliame Vereivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605  (\'93Vili\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 , Jona Davonu and Pita Matairavula.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 Vili was the ranking officer of this team.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 As is the usual practice in Fiji, I shall refer to them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605  all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605  by the first names from now on.  All nine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605  defendants were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605 represented at their trial by Iqbal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605  Khan
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605 , the senior partner of Iqbal Khan and Associates, Barristers and Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 .  They were all }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 convicted of raping and sexually assaulting the two men who had been ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 rested.  In additio
n, the ranking officers of each team }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 were convicted of defeating the course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 
 of justice by instructing their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605  officers to make false }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605 statements in connection with the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605  investigation into the alleged mistreatment of the suspects.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605  all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 appealed against their conviction and sentence to the Court of Appeal.  They were again represented by Mr Khan.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 The convictions of two of the defendants were quashed by the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9843509 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  The two defendants whose convictions were quashed, Kelevi and Penaia, were both members of the team from Lautoka.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 , but the appeals of the other seven defendants against their conviction and sentence were dismissed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097948 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 seven }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 remaining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12800858\charrsid11285605 defendants applied for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court against their conviction and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605 he petition was drafted by Mr Khan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 
  It contained what I might call conventional grounds of appeal.  For example, the grounds included complaints about rulings about the admissibility of evidence which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605 trial 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3937761\charrsid11285605 judge had made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605  following a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605  voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605 , and complaints about various aspects of the judge\rquote s summing-up to the assessors.  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3410509\charrsid11285605  o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10498890\charrsid11285605 n 20 May 2019, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 
he three officers from Suva \endash  Vili, Jona and Pita \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2121884\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10158190\charrsid11285605 wrote to the 
Court setting out in summary form their own grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3410509\charrsid11285605 .  It had clearly not been drafted by a lawyer.  These home-made grounds of appeal are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10158190\charrsid11285605  again what might be called conventional grounds.  For example, they alleged that the law relating to the requirement for corroboration and the doctrine of joint enterprise had been misunderstood.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan says that he had been unaware of the grounds of appeal filed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605 
.  He heard about it for the first time during a hearing on 14 August 2019 when the appeal had been listed for mention before the Acting Chief Justice (as the Chief Justice then was).  The hearing was adjourned until 16 August 2019 so that Mr Khan could c
lar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 ify whether the officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605  still wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 nt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605 ed him to represent them.  When he met them, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 
they told him that they had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605  filed their home-made grounds of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605 because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 they had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605 sure whether Mr Khan had filed the petition seeking leave to appe
al in time.  In fact, the petition had been filed in time, and when Mr Khan showed it to them, they were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433427\charrsid11285605 , according to him,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605  satisfied with it and were content for him to continue to represent them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15561312\charrsid11285605   That explains why, when Mr Khan filed his written submiss
ions in support of the appeal on 10 September 2019, those written submissions were filed on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605  behalf of all seven remaining defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15561312\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14493557\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3410509\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10498890\charrsid11285605 It was then that the course of the proceedings changed.  The hearing of the ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 peal was due to take place on 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10498890\charrsid11285605  October 2019.  However, o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1277176\charrsid11285605 n 10 Sept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 ember 2019, the officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10498890\charrsid11285605 
 filed a statement in the Supreme Court signed by each of them.  In that statement, they expanded on their conventional grounds of appeal, but made for the first time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 
serious allegations about Mr Kh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14186213\charrsid11285605 an\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 s representati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14186213\charrsid11285605 on of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10498890\charrsid11285605 them at the trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 
Broadly speaking, two allegations were being made:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14186213\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 They alleged that there had been a serious conflict between their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605 cases and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605  the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 .  Their case was that the rapes and sexual ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 aults had been committed by the officers from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838701\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 La}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 toka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 
 and not by them.  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605 
 claimed that despite that Mr Khan represented all nine defendants at the trial (as well as on the appeal) when he should not have done so.  They allege}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605  that that seriously affected the way he represented them at their trial, and that his representation of all nine defendants tended to cast them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605  in an unfavourable light when compared with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 who were the defendants whose interests Mr Khan was really fighting for.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}None of the nine defendants gave evidence at the trial.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605  allege}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605  that Mr Khan did not give them any advice about whether they should give evidence.  Instead, he instructed them not to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1781918\charrsid11285605  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 These allegations had not been made in the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 ourt of Appeal.  When the officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 were asked at the hearing on 23 October 2019 why these allegations were being made for the first time in the Supreme Court, they said that that had been because Mr Kha
n had still been representing them in the Court of Appeal.  It was only after their appeals had been dismissed that they realized that Mr Khan had not had their best interests in mind throughout the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3410509\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1277176\charrsid11285605   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324  ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 In the light of the allegations, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 could no longer be represented by Mr Khan, and at the hearing on 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605  October 2019, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan represented only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605  the four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 
remaining officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 he three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605 were representing themselves.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605 
he Court took the view that the allegations being made against Mr Khan, if true, were such as to make it possible th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 at the convictions of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605 would have to be quashed.  The Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 then considered how it should determine whether the allegations being made by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433427\charrsid11285605  were true}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10433427\charrsid11285605 It concluded that hearing oral evidence was the only way to resolve the complaints.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 It decided to treat the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966771\charrsid11285605  statement filed on 10 September 2019 as an application to call fresh evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605 .  Accordingly, at a future hearing of the appeal, in addition to hearing the grounds of appeal of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 remaining officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605  and the conventional grounds of appeal of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605 , the witnesses who could give relevant evidence on the allegations made against Mr Khan \endash  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid950147\charrsid11285605 , Mr Khan and any other person they wished to call \endash  could be examined and c}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 ross-examined on oath.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 On that occasion, the Court gave directions for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14375895\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733567\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 
 to file detailed statements setting out their co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 mplaints against Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Mr Khan then to file a detailed statement addressing those allegations
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 
 to file detailed statements in response if they so wished.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 Pursuant to these directions, 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 
officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605  filed their detailed statements setting out their complaints against Mr Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2700947\charrsid11285605 
on 31 October 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 , they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 having waived the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 ir legal professional privilege 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Mr Khan filed a statement dated 3 December 2019 purporting to address those allegations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4540155\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 filed detailed statements in response on 2 April 2020. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 Unfortunately, as a result of the Covid pandemic, the Supreme Court was unable to sit for a long time.  The next hearing of the appeal did not take place until 7 April 2022.  By then, three things had happened:

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 Manasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605  had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 sadly }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 died}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  on 24 September 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan did not object to his appeal not being proceeded with.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 That left only three of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 Lautoka }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605  Seruvi, Filise and Senitiki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  were still represented by Mr Khan.  However, on 24 February 2022 he had written to the Court informing the Court t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 hat they}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  wished to withdraw their applications for leave to appeal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 
At the hearing on 7 April 2022, Mr Khan told the Court that they were withdrawing their applications for leave to appeal as their release date was very close. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12939177\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 Accordingly, their application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12939177\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 
 were dismissed on their withdrawal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605 That left}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605  just the three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9843509\charrsid11285605  \endash  Vili, Jona and Pita.  They had each been sentenced to terms totaling 9 years\rquote 
 imprisonment with a non-parole period of 6 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 ne of the officers from Suva, Pita, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 had instructed lawyers to represent him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605  The other two officers from Suva, Vili and Jona, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 continued to be unrepresented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid936807\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605  That was to remain the position.  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 Pita\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 
 legal team had only been instructed recently, and had not even had all the papers.  They sought an adjournment of the hearing.  In a
ny event, it was recognized that the hearing would take some time.  It would not be completed in the hour or so allotted for the hearing, and there was no other time available during that session of the Supreme Court for the case to be heard.  The Court r
eluctantly ordered that it should be listed for hearing at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4421097\charrsid11285605 next session with two days set aside for it to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5002324\charrsid11285605 Regrettably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 , Mr Khan\rquote s statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15102548\charrsid11285605 of 3 December 2019 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10832105\charrsid11285605 had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 consisted of little more than denials of the allegations made against him.  In order to determine whether there had been a conflict of interest between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 three officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 on the one hand and the six }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 on the other, it was necessary for Mr Khan to set out what his instructions from his two sets of cl
ients had been concerning the events which gave rise to the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 harges which all the defendants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 
faced.  Only then could the Court decide whether there had been a conflict of interes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8876539\charrsid11285605 t which should have prevented Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605  Khan from r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 epresenting all the defendants.  However, the Court recognized that in order to say what his instructions had been}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605  from the six officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 
, Mr Khan would have to ask them to waive their legal professional privilege, and they would have to agree to that.  In the absence of any direct evidence of the nature of Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 
 Khan\rquote s instructions from the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 , the Court would have to infer what those instructions had been from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 , among other things,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605  (a) the evidence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 
officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605  in the Supreme Court and (b) Mr Khan\rquote s cross-examination of the prosecution\rquote s witnesses and anything else Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4421097\charrsid11285605  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605  said during the trial. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid884038 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid884038 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 Accordingly, following the hearing on 7 April 2022, the Court made various directions to ensure that the next hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid529804\charrsid11285605 (which should be during the next session of the Supreme Court) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9765110\charrsid11285605 did not have to be adjourned yet again}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12939177\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605   Among them were the following directions:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan was order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 ed to request the five surviving officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605  to waive their legal professional privilege to enable Mr Khan to inform the Court of their instructions to him about their and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 participation in the events which gave rise to the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4421097\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605  and the course of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10773201\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605 
Mr Khan was ordered to file an affidavit setting out his response to the allegations, in sufficient detail to enable the Court to understand his version of events,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid279341\charrsid11285605 
 by reference to 12 topics which the directions identified
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid279341\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid279341\charrsid11285605  were ordered to file affidavits in reply to that of Mr Khan setting out, in sufficient detail to enable
 the Court to understand their version of events, their case on four topics which the directions identified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 
were ordered to file such amended grounds as they proposed to rely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 and Mr Khan were ordered to attend the next hearing to be cro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 ss-examined on their affidavits}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6881765\charrsid11285605  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid884038 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid884038 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid279341\charrsid11285605 On 6 May 2022, Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid279341\charrsid11285605 wrote to the Court informing i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 t that he had spoken to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605  each of the five surviving officers from Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13264368\charrsid11285605   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 hey had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13264368\charrsid11285605 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 given him written instructions not to waive their professional legal privilege.  As for the Court\rquote s directions about the filing of affidavits, Mr Khan\rquote 
s affidavit was filed on 27 May 2022, and the affidavits of each of the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4421097\charrsid11285605 Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 were filed on 12 or 13 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605  2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 .  Only two of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 
officers from Suva, Vili and Jona, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 the unrepresented ones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13960799\charrsid11285605 took up the offer to file amended grounds of appeal.  They filed a joint statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605 on 15 July 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13833999 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 I regret to say that Mr Khan\rquote s affidavit was as inadequate as his previo
us statement.  Two examples will illustrate what I mean.  First, in order to identify whether there was a conflict of interest preventing h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 im from representing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 both the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15470124\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva and the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 , we needed to know what their respective instructions to him were.  We appreciate that he could not tell us what his instruct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 
ions from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 surviving officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  were because they did not waive privilege}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 .  But the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  all waived privilege a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 long time ago, which was why two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 
 of the 12 topics we asked Mr Khan to give details about were the instructions he received from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  participation in the events to which the charges related}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605  and (b) the participation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 the other six defendants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 in the events to which the charges related}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605 .  Mr Khan\rquote s response }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 about the instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7604638\charrsid11285605 which 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 the three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605  gave him about their participation in the events was merely that t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 ey \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605 
denied all of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3356166\charrsid11285605 allegations made against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605 them relating to the charges\'94
.  And his response about the instructions the three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 officers from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605  gave him about the participation of the other six defendants in the events was merely that they \'93
made no incriminating statements against the remaining 6 defendants relating to the charges\'94.  This tells us nothing about what his instructions were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 
 from the three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605  about what had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4421097\charrsid11285605  actually}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605  happened.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 Secondly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6164328\charrsid11285605 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605 t was obviously important to know }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 what advice Mr Khan gave the three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605  officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 
about whether they should give evidence.  His response was to say that at all times they were advised of their rights , namely that they were not obliged to give evidence and that no adverse inference could be drawn from their not doing so, and wer
e advised of the consequences of choosing to give evidence, namely that they could be cross-e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 xamined by counsel for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 .  This completely ignores what we needed to know, which was such advice as he gave them about whether they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7891476\charrsid11285605  give evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8535679\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2965540\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid529804\charrsid11285605 At a directions hearing on 23 August 2022, the Chief Justice fixed Thursday 20 October and Friday 21 October 2022 for the hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5057087\charrsid11285605 
 at which the three officers from Suva and Mr Khan would be cross-examined on their affidavits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid529804\charrsid11285605 
.  Mr Khan had not attended the hearing on 23 August 2022 as his clients had withdrawn their appeals by them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5057087\charrsid11285605 In the event, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5057087\charrsid11285605  Khan did not attend the hearings on 20 and 21 October 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 .  We were not given any notice of that.  When we came into court and s
aw that Mr Khan was not there, we asked for inquiries to be made about where he was.  His office informed the Court that he had left for Australia the previous day.  We decided to proceed with the hearing nevertheless.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605 At the hearing t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 he thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 ee officers from Suva 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504063\charrsid11285605 were cross-examined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605  by Mr Fa for Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605  and by Mr B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 urney for the prosecution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605 
This is the Court\rquote s judgment following that hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid529804\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 Following the hearing, a member of Mr Khan\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605  firm wrote to the Court saying that Mr Khan had not known of the date
s of the hearing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 That was on Monday 24 October 2022.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187598\charrsid11285605 The le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5057087\charrsid11285605 tter was pla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187598\charrsid11285605 ced only before us yesterday in view of Diwali on Tuesday.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 He pointed out that Mr Khan would not have received notice of the hearing as he was not a party to the proceedings.  We have been unable to check that, but we suspect that that is correct.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 But even if it is, the question remains }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 
whether Mr Khan knew of the hearing anyway.  We are sure that he did.  We say that for three reasons:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 This was an extremely important matter for Mr Khan.  As his firm\rquote s letter said, Mr Khan knew that his professional reputation was at stake.  He would }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 anxiously }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 proactive in finding out the dates on which the hearing was due to take plac
e.  He would have made inquiries to find that out, especially as he knew that he would have to make arrangements to ensure that he had no other professional commitments on the relevant dates.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Even if he had not made such inquiries, he knew that the case 
was overwhelmingly likely to be heard in the current session of the Supreme Court as the hearing in the August session of the Supreme Court had just been a hearing for directions.  He would therefore have checked the cause list each week to see if the cas
e was listed for that week.  He would thus have seen that, in the cause list for the week beginning Monday 17 October, the case was due to be heard on the Thursday and Friday of that week.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}By coincidence, Mr Khan appeared in the Supreme Court in another c
ase on Tuesday 11 October.  Two of us, Gates J and myself, were among the judges for that case.  Mr Burney, who appears for the State in this case, was appearing for the State in that case.  An issue aros}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 e about the need for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604081\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 a defendant who is appealing ag
ainst his conviction on the ground of incompetence of his counsel to give his previous counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604081\charrsid11285605  the opportunity to address th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 e allegations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4604081\charrsid11285605  being made against him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 We have listened to a recording of that hearing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 In the course of it, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 Mr Burney said that Mr Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10637442\charrsid11285605 would \'93
next Thursday be giving evidence to defend his reputation against erstwhile clients who said that he was professionally incompetent \'85 in a very serious rape trial, a police brutality case\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605   Mr Khan did not say that he did not know what Mr Burney was talking about.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 or these reasons, we have concluded that Mr Khan did indeed know about the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605  hearing on Thursday 20 October 2022,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605  but decided to use the fact that he had received no notification of that date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 from the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605  to pretend that he did not know about the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9187542\charrsid11285605 
  His unwillingness to deal in his affidavit with what he must have known we wanted him to address has only reinforced our conclusion that he is reluctant to give us the assistance we need.  We leave it to others to decide what 
action, if any, should be taken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14235646\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10575827\charrsid11285605 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605 he facts in outline
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11746439 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16201328\charrsid11285605 
Before I set out my findings on the allegations made against Mr Khan, I should give an outline of what the case was all about.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1114884\charrsid11285605 
On 15 August 2014 the police at Sigatoka were informed of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 n armed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1114884\charrsid11285605  robbery }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 
by five masked men which had just taken place in Nadi.   Different teams of police officers swiftly reacted to this news.  Those teams did not just come from Nadi.  Teams of officers from Sigatoka, Lautoka and Suva responded as well.  There was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1114884\charrsid11285605 information that the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1114884\charrsid11285605 suspects were in a mini-bus heading for Suva.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348938\charrsid11285605 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 
e team from Sigatoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348938\charrsid11285605  caught up with the bus, and arrested the two suspects, Senijeila Boila and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 
Vilikesa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348938\charrsid11285605 Soko.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4333834\charrsid11285605 
The money the two suspects had with them was seized. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605  then headed back to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605  Sigatoka.  On the way, the vehicle they were in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7755420\charrsid11285605  branched off towards Malevu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 , and stopped on the top of a hill.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5331158\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12221771\charrsid11285605 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4333834\charrsid11285605  prosecution\rquote s case was that this had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 
 done on the instructions of Manasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 , the ranking officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8000260\charrsid11285605 
 of the Lautoka team, and that the plan was to take the two suspects to an isolated spot where pressure could be put on them to reveal the names of their accomplices, that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4333834\charrsid11285605 
t various stages all nine defendants arrived on the scene, and it was while they were all there that the two suspects had a stick shoved up their anus and chillies rubbed on their anus, as well as on other parts of their body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8000260\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331158\charrsid11285605 
It was not disputed at the trial that the two suspects had been seriously mistreated.  Indeed, Soko died from his injuries five da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 ys later.  N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 o }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 homicide \endash  whether of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 murder }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 
or manslaughter \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120033\charrsid11285605  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 
 preferred because it was thought that he might not have died if he had been treated properly when he was taken to hospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120033\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 However, tragic though that was, it is only part of the background to the case, and nothing turns on that for the purpose of resolving the issues which arise on this appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 In these circumstances, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331158\charrsid11285605 he issue for the judge and the assessors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 at the trial was which of the nine defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331158\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 , if any,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5331158\charrsid11285605 
 were criminally responsible for causing those injuries, either on the basis that they had assaulted the two suspects themselves, or on the basis that they were participants in a joint enterprise to mistreat the suspects in order to extract informati
on from them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605 The prosecution relied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605 primarily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605 on the evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 Boila,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605  the surviving suspect and (b) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605 police officers who were there for some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 or all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605 of the relevant time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7952183\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 and on the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 onfessions of some of the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605  when they were interviewed, though no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 ne of the three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605  were alleged to have made any incriminat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 ing admissions: they said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605  \'93no comment\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 to all relevant questions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15490416\charrsid11285605 
in their interviews}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605  In their case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605 , the only admissible evidence against them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 was that of Boila and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605 police officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605 who were not facing any char}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 ges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605 
, Special Constable Apete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  Nokolo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605 , a member of the Suva team}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605 Apete\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608 
 A transcript of his evidence is at pages 949-969 of volume 4 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605 .  Apete\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1470729\charrsid11285605  was that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 had gone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 
 with Vili, Jona and Pita together with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 another member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2128883\charrsid11285605  of the team, Special Constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  Keponi, to the hill near Malevu where the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 wo suspects had been taken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 
All five of them got out of their vehicle.  He and Keponi stood by the vehicle while the other three went to talk to the officers from Lautoka.  The three of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605 
 them then went into the truck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605 both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid817293\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 suspects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605  were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14902620\charrsid11285605  being held.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 
  All three of them were kicking and punching Soko in the stomach while asking him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 questions.  Apete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  heard Soko s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14902620\charrsid11285605 houting in pain. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 While Vili, Jona and Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14902620\charrsid11285605 
ere inside the truck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 , two of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 fficers from Lautoka were pounding chillies in a bottle.  Two or th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 ree of the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605  then went into the truck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 , and brought Soko out.  They took off his clothes and rubbed the chill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 ies all over his body, his face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 his genitalia, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605 
his legs, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 hands, stomach and mouth.  By then, five officers were doing that.  When they had finished with Soko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14902620\charrsid11285605 , they did to the other suspect (whose name Apete did not know) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 what they had done to Soko.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14902620\charrsid11285605   He was on the ground beside the truck by then, and had already been injured.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6187676\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid817293\charrsid11285605 Apete had made four witness statements in 2014 prior to the trial.  They were dated 21 August, 26 August, 9 December and 10 December}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid817293\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  They are at pages 1146-1152 of volume 5 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid817293\charrsid11285605 .  In his first statem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7755420\charrsid11285605 
ent, he said that he had not seen either of the two suspects on the day in question.  They had already been arrested and taken to Sigatoka Police Station.  His team were engaged in searching for the other men believed to have taken part in the robbery.  H
e
 changed his account in his second statement.  On that occasion he said that he had gone to the hill where the two suspects were being held.  When he first saw them, they were both in the back of a truck and had injuries on their face.  When he saw them a
 little later, they had been taken from the truck and were naked on the ground.  He said that he moved away because \'93none of us could stand the things being done to them\'94
, though he did not say who was doing anything to the two suspects, or what they were doing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605   However, a little later he saw one of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605  officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605  placing a stick dipped with chillies into the anus of the darker of the two suspects.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7755420\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605 In his third statement, he changed his account yet again.  He said that his earlier statements had not been true,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605  and what he had said in his second statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 had been what Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605  had told him to say.  In this stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6124373\charrsid11285605 ement, he said that Vili,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605  Jona and Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605  had gone into the truck where the two suspects wer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605 e, and had punched and kicked the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605 m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605   Shortly t
hereafter, the suspects were brought out of the truck and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605  had to sit on the ground.  Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605 
 hit Soko on the back with a stick, and then three of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 officers from Laukota }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605 took Soko\rquote 
s clothes off, and rubbed chillies over his body while Pita pulled Boila\rquote s leg up and hit his knee on the ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605  The three officers from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605  Laukota then did to Boila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1212090\charrsid11285605 
 what they had done to Soko.  In Apete\rquote s fourth statement, he said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10354873\charrsid11285605  that Sgt Suli (presumably a more senior officer based in Suva) had told him to start thinking of his f
amily.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid868330\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7755420\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7933497\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7933497\charrsid11285605 When Apete came to be cross-
examined by Mr Khan, Mr Khan took Apete through these statements.  Having done that, Mr Khan put to Apete that it was his second statement which was true, and that Vili had not instructed him to say what was in it.  Apete denied both suggestions.  No othe
r positive case was put to Apete by Mr Khan.  In particular, he did not put to Apete what the case of any of the defendants was.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7755420\charrsid11285605    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid817293\charrsid11285605   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6561346 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605 Boila\rquote s evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid7933497\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  A transcript of his evidence is at pages 918-934 of volume 5 of the Record of the High Court.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605 .  
I turn to the evidence of Boila. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9788889\charrsid11285605  At the time of the trial, he was serving a sentence of 11 years\rquote 
 imprisonment for the robbery.  In his evidence-in-chief, he described what had happened to him and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376336\charrsid11285605  Soko \endash  how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9788889\charrsid11285605 they had been assaulted both inside and outside the truck}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6376336\charrsid11285605 
, and that chillies had been rubbed over their bodies and inside their anus using a stick of some kind.  However, when he was asked which officers had done that, he said that it had not been any of the defendants.  Instead he named four of the of
ficers from Sigatoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9241701\charrsid11285605 who had arrested them.  That r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 
esulted in Mr Burney, counsel for the prosecution,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9241701\charrsid11285605 
 applying to the judge for Boila to be treated as a hostile witness.  The basis of the application was that in saying that none of the defendants had been involved in the mistreatment of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6120033\charrsid11285605 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9241701\charrsid11285605 , he was going back on witness statements he had previously given.  The judge gave leave for Boila to be treated as hostile, and t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 hat enabled Mr Burney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 to put to him his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12333893\charrsid11285605  previous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 statements which were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12333893\charrsid11285605 
 said to be inconsistent with his testimony in court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 There were three statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8919864\charrsid11285605 in all, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 only two of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8919864\charrsid11285605 are important}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605  for present purposes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10686610\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8919864\charrsid11285605   The first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 
 was dated 25 August 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10686610\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10686610 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  This statement was not in the Record of the High Court which I was supplied with.  Boila\rquote 
s other two statements were.  They are at pages 568 and 570 of volume 3 of the Record of the High Court.  However, I know what was in the statement of 25 August 2014 as it was read out by Mr Burney in the course of his cross-examination of Boila.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 .  In t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8919864\charrsid11285605 hat statement, he said that he and Soko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605  were assaulted by the officers who had arrested them before they were taken to an isolated place.  It was there that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1136445\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva assaulted them.  They were then stripped and one of these officers tried to insert a torch light into his anus.  Th
ey were then joined by other officers, and the assaults continued for about an hour.  Chillies were put in their anus with a stick.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 
  The other statement which is important for present purposes was dated 22 September 2016, just before the start of the trial.  In that statement, Boila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605 
 said that at one stage he saw Pita and other officers assaulting Soko, and then he saw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605  Pita and officers from both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605  Suv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 a and Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605  spreading Soko\rquote 
s legs and putting chilli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 es into his anus with a stick.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605 When these statements were put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605  to him by Mr Burney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605 , Boila denied that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 he had told the officer who had taken the later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605  statement from him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12333893\charrsid11285605  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13522568\charrsid11285605 Pita }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 had been involved i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7087336\charrsid11285605 n the assault.  He went }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12333893\charrsid11285605 
on to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 ay th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9657838\charrsid11285605 at what he had said in both of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9657838\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605  had been true \endash  apart, presumably, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120033\charrsid11285605 from the fact that Pita had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5844518\charrsid11285605 been one of the officers who had assaulted him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7087336\charrsid11285605 .  Indeed, when Mr Khan cross-examined him, he said the later of these statements \endash  the one which recorded him as naming Pita \endash  had been written o
ut for him to sign beforehand, that when he signed that statement he had not noticed that Pita\rquote s name had been there, and that the assaults had already taken place by the time Pita arrived.  He was effectively exonerating the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7087336\charrsid11285605  despite what the statements had said.  And when he was reminded by Mr Khan of what he had s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 aid before Mr Burney had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7087336\charrsid11285605  applied for him to be treated as hostile, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120033\charrsid11285605 repeated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605  that it had been the officers from Sigatoka who had assaulted him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9657838\charrsid11285605    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12333893\charrsid11285605    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5069523\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3892850 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13200060\charrsid11285605 interviews under caution}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605 officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12268215\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6511863\charrsid11285605  from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16259343\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12268215\charrsid11285605 ike the three officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 
, all of the six }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12268215\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10451749\charrsid11285605 were i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117750\charrsid11285605 nterviewed under caution.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605 Unlike the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12268215\charrsid11285605 
officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605 , they chose to answer the questions they were asked.  All of them save
 Manasa challenged the admissibility of the records of the interviews, and the judge held a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605  to determine their admissibility.  He ruled them all admissibl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 e save for that of Kelevi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3094701\charrsid11285605  With the exception of Kelevi, I have read the records of each of their interviews.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 Three of them \endash  Seruvi, Filise and Senitiki 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3889093\charrsid11285605 confessed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 
to the involvement of some of the officers from Lautoka in the use of chillies on the two suspects, though what is important for present purposes is what they said about the officers from Suva.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 What follows is a brief summary of what each is recorded as having said:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 Manasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8602086\charrsid11285605  said that he did not see how the suspects got any of their injuries, save that he had 
been told when his team arrived on the scene that the injuries to the suspects\rquote  faces had been caused when they had been resisting their arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 Seruvi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605  said that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2759026\charrsid11285605 he three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2759026\charrsid11285605 had assaulted the two suspects inside the truck though not with chillies, nor did they put anything }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 
inside their anus at that stage, but Pita was kicking Boila while Kelevi was rubbing chillies over his face and in his anus.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2759026\charrsid11285605   One or more of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14293542\charrsid11285605 including Pita }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2759026\charrsid11285605 continued to assault Soko outside the truck, and it was in
 the course of that that Pita stuck something up Soko\rquote s anus. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8602086\charrsid11285605 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 Penaia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8602086\charrsid11285605  said that he saw the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8602086\charrsid11285605 
 questioning Boila on the other side of the truck, and he could not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13650328\charrsid11285605 see what they were doing to him, but then they came to Soko, removed hi
s pants and were kicking him while trying to get him to tell them who his accomplices were.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 Filise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13650328\charrsid11285605  said that he saw Pita kick Soko in the chest and stomach and beating Soko with a piece of wood.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8602086\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2759026\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2097282\charrsid11285605  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4065685\charrsid11285605 Senitiki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605  did not blame any of the officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605  when he was initially i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12476366\charrsid11285605 nterviewed in August 2014.  However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 when he was interviewed the following November he said that Pita had inserted a stick into}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12476366\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 Soko\rquote s anus, and that Vili and Jona had held Soko\rquote s legs apart while }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 one of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12476366\charrsid11285605  officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12476366\charrsid11285605 had put chillies into Soko\rquote s anus.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16531494\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13650328\charrsid11285605 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4470887\charrsid11285605 se records }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13650328\charrsid11285605 
of the interviews of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3150348\charrsid11285605 were, of course, not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605 admissible against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11876664\charrsid11285605 
 in the trial proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605 , unless the defendants who had made them gave evidence and repeated on oath what they had said when they had been interviewed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4470887\charrsid11285605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4470887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608 
 Although what each interviewee had said in their interviews was not admissible against the other officers, it was thought sensible to redact the records of the interviews so that the assessors would not s
ee which of the other officers the interviewee was incriminating.  However, we have been provided with unredacted copies of the records of the interviews.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605 
  As it was, after the prosecution had closed its case, and after the judge had ruled that there was a case for all nine defendants to answer on all the charges, none of the defendants elected to give evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3150348\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129445 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13129445 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3150348\charrsid11285605 
In the interests of completeness, I should mention the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 charges of defeating the ends of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13650328\charrsid11285605 
 justice.  Only Manasa and Vili, the ranking officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3150348\charrsid11285605 of the Lautoka and Suva teams respectively, faced those charges.  The allegation was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605  that they had put pressure on other officers not to tell the truth in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040483\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 witness statemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3150348\charrsid11285605 ts they were to give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605  about 
the involvement of the officers responsible for the mistreatment o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 f the suspects.  The prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3110934\charrsid11285605 
\rquote s case on these charges was based on the evidence of thos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 e police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040483\charrsid11285605 
officers, and in the case of Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7735328\charrsid11285605 , the evidence again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3040483\charrsid11285605 that of Apete.  As I have said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605 his evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3040483\charrsid11285605 
dence was that his second statement had been based on what Vili had told him to say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11214404\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 three }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16458707\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 
4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 When the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 came to give evidence, their affidavits were treated as their evidence-in-chief.  Their oral e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7745294\charrsid11285605 vidence was there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 fore what they told Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 Fa and Mr Burney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7745294\charrsid11285605  in cross-examination, together with such questions as the members of the Court had for them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 The eviden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7745294\charrsid11285605 ce of the three of them was broadly similar.  There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605  were things which one or other of them said which the others did not say, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7745294\charrsid11285605 that may well have been because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605  they were not all asked the same questions.  In the summary of their evidence which follows, I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7745294\charrsid11285605 h
ave identified which of them said what where that is nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 essary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1314451\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 The events of the day in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 .  On the day in question, they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8400471\charrsid11285605  got a call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 
 from Penaia.  He said that his team}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8400471\charrsid11285605  were chasing two suspects who were though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 
t to be from Suva.  He wanted officers from Suva to identify them.  When they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8400471\charrsid11285605  arrived at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 
isolated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8400471\charrsid11285605 spot where the suspects had been t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605 
aken, there were police officers already there, including the team of officers who had arrested the suspects and a team from Lautoka.  One of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605  was putting chillies into a bottle, and another was beating the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605  two suspects with an iron}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605  rod.  Vili told Penaia to stop whatever they were going to do, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 but Seruvi said something like \'93}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605 whatever happens in Suva stays in Suva.  It\rquote s different in Weste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 rn.  These aren\rquote 
t our suspects.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605   One of them asked the suspects whether they were ready}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605  for another round}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2056683\charrsid11285605 , and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605  that was when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 
officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605  walked away.  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605  officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605  then rubbed chillies onto Soko\rquote s body, and then did the same to Boila.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 The witness statements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 .  After Soko died, they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605 
 were interviewed by the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 eam investigating his death.  They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605  each made witness statements.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605   Vili and Jona }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 are said to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 made two statements.  Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14564218\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 made one.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 he first of the statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 said to have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 made by Vili and Jo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 a on 20 or 21 August 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  were almost identical to each other.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid611596\charrsid11285605 
hey referred to the efforts they had made on the day in question to find the other three suspects.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 
They did not say anything about having gone to the isolated spot where the two suspects had been taken to. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605  Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  denied having m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605 ade this statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605 Jona accepted that he had made it, but claimed that he had just been told to make a statement about the arr
est of the suspects and the recovery of the money.  I am sure that Vili did make this statement.  It is too similar to Jona\rquote s for him not to have made it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 In the second of their two statements, which were made on 26 August 2014 and were again almost identical to each other and to Pita\rquote 
s only statement (which he made on 3 September 2014),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605  all three of them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 
accepted that they had indeed gone to where the two suspects had been taken.  So}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605 ko was in a police truck.  Boila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  was on the grou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 nd.  Seruvi and another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 officer }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1336912\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605 pulled Boila\rquote s legs apart, and a third }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605 officer from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  rubbed chillies in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 
to his anus several times.  The officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  then did the same thing to Soko.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605   A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605 ll of them said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11742125\charrsid11285605 they, the officers from Suva, had not mistreated the two suspects, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605 what w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 
as in these statements was what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605  they would have said in evidence had they given evidence at the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10230525\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605 The interviews}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605 .  On 5 December 2014, Vili and Jona were interviewed under caution.  So too was Pita two days later.  They all said 
\'93no comment\'94 to the questions they were asked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11028379\charrsid11285605 .  Vili and Jona said that that was because they had already given a statement setting out the
ir version of events (ie their statements of 26 August 2014), and Jona added that he did not want to \'93spoil\'94
 what he had previously said.  For his part, Pita said that he had not answered the questions he was asked because the Director of Internal Affairs within the Police Service had told him not to.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3830320\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605 The charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605 .  Not long after, the nine defendants were charged.  The three}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605  officers from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605 Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605  would then have realized that someone had implicated them.  They may not have known who \endash  whether it was Boila, or any of the officers from Lautoka (who the three }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605 
 knew were the guilty parties if their evidence was true), or other officers who were there.  When they first knew that it was the officers from Lautoka who were blaming them is importa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 nt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232514\charrsid11285605 , though I should say that Pita }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14098334\charrsid11285605 
acknowledged in his evidence that from very early on he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232514\charrsid11285605 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605 assumed that it was the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15232514\charrsid11285605 officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15161582\charrsid11285605  from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15232514\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid346774\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ] \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605 Awareness of who had implicated them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 As I say, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6107144\charrsid11285605 hen each of the three officers from Suva became aware that it was the officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6107144\charrsid11285605 
who were implicating them is important.  The sooner it was, the sooner they might have felt uncomfortable about Mr Khan representing all nine of them, and the soone
r they could have gone to a different lawyer.  Vili and Jona both say that it was in the course of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6107144\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6107144\charrsid11285605  that they knew for the first that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them, because th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 
at was when they heard what the officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6107144\charrsid11285605  were supposed to have said in their interviews under caution.  Vili\rquote 
s evidence on this topic was that Mr Khan never told them that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them.  Indeed, when the three of them would meet Mr Khan, the officers from Lautoka would not be there.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 Because he did not know that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them, he did not mind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 Khan representing all nine of them.  He knew that the officers from Lautoka were the guilty ones and that the officers from Suva were innocent, 
but that did not make him concerned about Mr Khan representing them all.  That was why he did not ask Mr Khan whether they shou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 ld instruct different lawyers.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 In any event, Mr Khan\rquote s reputation was such that he thought that Mr Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 new best.  He would say to them that he was not worried about them.  He was worried about the officers from Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605  Jona said much the same thing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 Pita was in a different position.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9980985\charrsid11285605 Bearing in mind that he had assumed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 very early on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9980985\charrsid11285605 that it was the o
fficers from Lautoka who were blaming the officers from Suva, and that Mr Khan knew that they, the officers from Suva, were blaming the officers from Lautoka, he asked Mr Khan how he could represent both s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120991\charrsid11285605 ets of officers.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9980985\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan told him that he would fix it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605 
  Pita\rquote s evidence was that he did not question that at the time because he was new to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  the system.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4418034\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 The defence strategy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 .  Vili\rquote 
s evidence was that at some stage before the trial, there was a joint meeting with Mr Khan and both sets of officers.  A strategy for the defence was discussed.  Vili did not say what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605  that strategy was, save that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  Khan proposed to call the officers from Lautoka to give evidence in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 .  Jona said that in so far as there was a defence strategy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  it was for the officers from Suva to give evidence.  After the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 , though, whether the officers from Suva should give evidence was discussed.  Vili\rquote 
s evidence was that they were concerned that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them.  Mr Khan told them not to wor
ry as they would have the opportunity to give their evidence and tell their side of the story.  Vili told him that they really wanted to do that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
  Jona and Pita said much the same thing, though J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 ona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
 added that by this time he had thought that it was odd that Mr Khan could represent all nine defendants when they were blaming each other.  He asked Mr Khan about that.  Mr Khan told him that they would take things \'93step by step\'94
.  Jona said that he trusted Mr Khan to do what was best for them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 The day of the defence case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605  As I have said, f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 ol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 lowing the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 \rquote s case in the trial proper, the judge ruled that all nine defendants had a case to answer.  Vili
\rquote s evide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 nce was that on the morning on which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
 the defence case was due to start, the three officers from Suva had a meeting with Mr Khan.  They told him that they were ready to give evidence, and that they would be implicating the officers from Lautoka (although Mr Khan already knew that that was
 their case).  Mr Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605 did not tell them not to do tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
t, or that it was a bad idea.  On the contrary: he told them that he would be calling them to give evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 The evidence of all three of them was that when the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7541342\charrsid11285605 y got into court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 Mr Khan passed Manasa a note.  He was the first of the nine defendants.  Manasa passed it down to the line until it reached the three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605  officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 .  There is uncertainty whether the note actual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 y said that it was intended for the three of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 hem, but it plainly was: the first five defendants did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 read the no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 e, and when Pita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605  p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 assed it to Senitiki, Senitiki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605  just said \'93it
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 s OK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 , suggesting that he already knew what it said.  The officers from Suva say that it told them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 
that when they judge as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 
ked them whether they wished to give evidence, they should say that they did not want to.  Pita said that he was confused by the note.  Why had Mr Khan chang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605 
ed his mind at the last minute?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7867974\charrsid11285605 He let it go because Mr Khan was his lawyer, and he thought that Mr Khan knew best.  Vili and Jona said much the same thing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605 When they asked Mr Khan later why he had instructed them to tell the judge that they were not giving evidence, he told them that he did not want them to damage Boila\rquote 
s evidence.  I shall retu
rn to that later, but the three of them say that they accepted what he told them.  Jona added that even if he had wanted to get another lawyer then, it was far too late.  They had already paid him, and they had no option but to stay with him.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 59}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811964 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605 Subsequent events}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605 .  Following their conviction, all the defendants wanted to appeal. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605  They continued to instruct Mr Khan because he told them that in the light of Boila\rquote s evidence their appeal would be allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605  Only Pita gave evidence about what happened thereaft
er.  He said that they wanted Mr Khan to incorporate into their appeal what they said had happened on the day in question, and that they wanted to go through his written submissions to the Court of Appeal to make sure that their account of what}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605  had happened would be told.  Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 
 did not do that, which was why Pita said that after the dismissal of their appeal they had no option but to disengage from Mr Khan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425129\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 The prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 \rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7813334\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 
6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 In a powerful sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 mission, Mr Burney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605  contende}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 
d that the defence strategy all along was that none of the defendants would be giving evidence.  In that way, none of them would blaming each other.  What the officers from Lautoka had said in their interviews could not be admissible as evidence against t
he officers from Suva.  And to the extent that they had given evidence in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 
 which may have implicated the officers from Suva in the mistreatment of the suspects would not have been evidence which the assessors would have heard or which the judge could have taken into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13961616\charrsid11285605  account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 
 when considering the cases of the officers from Suva.  So if none of the defendants gave evidence in the trial proper, there would have been no question of one team of officers implicating the other.  They all had a much bett
er chance of being acquitted if they did not run what is colloquially called a \'93cut-throat\'94 defence.  So although Mr Khan may have had conflicting instr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 ctions from each team of officers, he could still represent them all as they had all agreed on this common strategy.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 
In that connection, Mr Burney argued that there were obvious advantages in them not giving evidence.  They would not expose themselves to the risks inherent in cross-examination.  If they chose to give evidence, and were therefore liable
 to be cross-examine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 , they ran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605  a number of risks.  Difficultie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 s in their account could be probed.  Take the first witness statements of Vili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16384830\charrsid11285605  and Jona, for example.  It was very likely that Vili would have been found to have lied when he said that he had not made that statement.  And Jona\rquote 
s claim that he had not mentioned anything about what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16384830\charrsid11285605 
 happened to the suspects at the isolated spot to which they had been taken was because he had only been told to make a statement about the arrests of the suspects a
nd the recovery of the money was also likely to have been rejected.  The real reason why he did not deal with what happened to the suspects was because he did not want to get anyone into trouble \endash 
 whether the officers from Suva or the officers from Lautoka.  Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 
if they gave evidence, inconsistencies in their accounts could be exposed.  Let us assume that they would have given evidence along the lines of their affidavits.  They could then have been cross-examined on the differences between that eviden
ce and the witness statements in which they admitted going to where the suspects were being held.  In their affidavits they said that both suspects were in the truck when they arrived, and there was nothing in their statements about Vili having told Penai
a to stop.  I do not regard these differences as significant at all in the scheme of things, but they might have done.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 Mr Burney\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 
 argument, of course, can only get off the ground if the Court rejects the evidence of the officers from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 that all along they wanted to give evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 
that Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605  told them that he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid525892\charrsid11285605 happy to go along with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10225985\charrsid11285605 at, and (c) that his note to them on the day on which they were expecting to be called to give evidence was completely unexpected and contrary to everything they had previously agreed with Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15404035\charrsid11285605 .  If the officers from Suva were telling the truth about that, Mr Burney\rquote s case falls like a pack of cards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605 Analysis
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 
6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605 Appeals based on the incompetence of one
\rquote s counsel rarely succeed.  That is because 
the courts have set a very high bar for defendants to overcome.  It will only be in cases of flagrant incompetence which results in the defendant being denied a fair trial that an appeal will be allowed.  Adopting a particular defence strategy which many 
lawyers might not does not of itself amount to flagrant incompetence.  A defendant who instructs a lawyer to represent them gives the lawyer the authority the run the case as the lawyer thin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605 s best.  You cannot subsequently turn round and say that the strat
egy was wrong.  It is only if the strategy which was adopted was one which no sensible and prudent lawyer could possibly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605  have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605  adopt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5914005\charrsid11285605 
 that you get into the territory of flagrant incompetence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5125339\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705026\charrsid11285605 With that introduction, I turn to Mr Khan\rquote s position.  On a
ny view, and whatever strategy he may have adopted, he was running a very real risk by representing all nine defendants.  He must have known that there was, potentially at the very least, a conflict between the officers from Suva and the officers from Lau
t
oka.  In their witness statements the officers from Suva had blamed the officers from Lautoka.  In their interviews, the officers from Lautoka had to varying degrees blamed the officers from Suva.  Even without their instructions to him, he would have kno
wn from the disclosures that the potential for a conflict of evidence between them was very real.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 Moreover, I am sure that within a short time of being instructed Mr Khan would have known that such a conflict did indeed exist.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 I did not understand Mr Burney to suggest otherwise.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 Although I was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605 sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 eptical of some aspects of the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2698030\charrsid11285605 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 f the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 from Suva }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 (in particular when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 they first knew that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 
were blaming them), I am sure that they told Mr Khan early on that they were not responsible for what had happened to the two suspects }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 but that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2318808\charrsid11285605 were.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705026\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605  And I am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 just as sure that the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 
told Mr Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 that they were blaming the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605  from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 On that topic, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 Vili\rquote s evidence was that Mr Khan never told them that, but Jona\rquote s evidence was that after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605  he asked Mr Khan how he could represent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605  as well as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2771450\charrsid11285605 I am sure that Jona\rquote s evidence about what he asked M
r Khan was true.  His question to Mr Khan was exactly what I would have expected him to ask.  The important point for present purposes is Mr Khan\rquote s response.  Mr Khan simply told him that he would take things \'93step by step\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605   He did not say that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 officers from Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 were not blaming the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 officers from Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705026\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2162949 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 It goes without saying that to represent two defendants who are each blaming the other is an extraordinarily risky thing to do \endash 
 even if they have agreed on a common defence strategy.  One defendant may want to change that strategy in the course of the trial.  If that were to involve blaming the other defendant, counsel could no longer represent both of them.  If another legal tea
m could not be found quickly, one defendant may be left without representation or the trial wou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4159799\charrsid11285605 ld have to be aborted.  There is no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12208130\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 get}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4159799\charrsid11285605 ting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605  away from it: representing two sets of clients who are blaming each other for what happened is a recipe for disaster.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab T
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 here is still a problem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605  even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 
 if the defendants agree on a common defence stategy.  They will have to be advised whether that is a sensible strategy to adopt.  It may be that a particular defence strategy is beneficial to one group of defendants but not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 
the other group.  That was particular so in this case, when the case against the officers from Lautoka was much stronger than the case against the officers from Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16580730 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15608 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15608  That explains why Mr Khan told the officers from Suva that he was more worried abo
ut the officers from Lautoka.  That is what each of the officers from Suva say Mr Khan told them, and I believe that part of their evidence.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 
: the officers from Lautoka were all alleged to have confessed in their interviews to their participation in the mistreatment of the two suspects.  So even if there had been in this case a common defence strategy of the kind suggested by Mr Burney, i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605 t may well be that the officers from Suva would not have gone along with it if they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 
 had been separately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 advised and separately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605 represented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605     
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 The way of avo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605 
iding all the problems which could potentially arise when defendants have very different versions of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605 event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15608\charrsid11285605 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605  which gave rise to the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605 s is for them}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid532657\charrsid11285605  to be separately represented. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16580730\charrsid11285605  That does not, of
 course, prevent all the defendants from agreeing on a common defence strategy.  But that will have been through the lawyers with both sets of defendants being advised independently about the advantages or disadvantages of the strategy.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14098334\charrsid11285605 It follows tha
t this was a case in which the defendants should not all have been represented by the same lawyer, even if all the defendants had a common defence strategy.  Whether the defendants, though, in fact had a common defence strategy is something to which I sha
ll come once I have dealt with a couple of other topics.  The first is when was it that the officers from Suva first appreciated that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them for what had happened to the two suspects. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 70}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14098334\charrsid11285605 Pita was the only member of the Suva team of officers to acknowledge that he had assumed from very early on that it was the officers from Lautoka who were blaming them.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12334368\charrsid11285605 As I have said, Vili and Jona claimed that they only discovered that once the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12334368\charrsid11285605 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12334368\charrsid11285605  got under way.  I regret that I do not believe them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14098334\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12334368\charrsid11285605 
 They would have had an opportunity to read the disclosures, and would then have seen what the officers from Lautoka had said when they had been interviewed.  Vili was not asked whether he had seen the disclosures after they had be
en served, but Jona was.  He said that he had seen some of the disclosures but not all.  He was not specifically asked whether the records of the interviews of the officers from Lautoka were among the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3889093\charrsid11285605  disclosures which he had seen.  I think it very likely 
that both Vili and Jona had seen those records, and knew from them that the officers from Lautoka were blaming them.  But even if Vili and Jona had not seen those records, I am sure that somehow they would have known from fairly early on that they were be
ing blamed by the officers from Lautoka for what had happened to the two suspects.  Pita would inevitably have discussed the assumption }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 he had made with them.  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3889093\charrsid11285605 nd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5043\charrsid11285605 
 there had been a common defence strategy that none of them would give evidence, Mr Khan would have had to explain why.  He could only do that by telling all the defendants that the two teams of officers were blaming each other.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7089605 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3485578\charrsid11285605 It is here that I want to say something about what I thought of the three officers from Suva.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605 
Vili and Jona may well have been familiar with police procedures, but I do not think that they would have understood court procedures, and Pita certainly would not, having been an army officer for most of his working life.    For example, despite the numb
er of years Vili and Jona had been police officers, I did not think that any of them appreciated that what the officers from Suva had said in their interviews was not admissible evidence against them.  Nor did I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3485578\charrsid11285605 regard them as particularly intelligent.  I think that they were intelligent enough to wonder if Mr Khan could really represent them as well as the officers from Lautoka, but if Mr Khan was happy}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605  to do that, I do not think tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3485578\charrsid11285605 t they would have questioned that any further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605   Nor would they have questioned Mr Khan\rquote s explanation for not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 having called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605  them to g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 ive evidence, namely that he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605  not want}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605  them to underm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 
ine the favourable evidence which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid71483\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4815110\charrsid11285605 
Boila had given about them, which was why they were content for Mr Khan to continue to represent them on their appeal to the Court of Appeal.  Ho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4815110\charrsid11285605 ever, they were intelligent enough to understand that, in the light of the confessions made by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 
officers from Lautoka when they were interviewed, the chances of the officers from Lautoka being acquitted were far less than theirs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4815110\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 That is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 
one of the things }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 persuaded me that they were telling the truth when they said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4815110\charrsid11285605 
that all along they wanted to give evidence, that Mr Khan told them that he was happy to go along with them giving evidence, and that his 
note to them on the day on which they expected to give evidence was completely unexpected and contrary to what they had agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 d.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 Knowing that they had a much better chance of being acquitted than the officers from Lautoka, and knowing that the officers fro
m Lautoka were blaming them, it would, I think, be very surprising that they would have gone along with a suggestion that they should not give evidence.  I really doubt whether they would have agreed that maintaining a united front and not giving evidence
 
gave them a better chance of being acquitted.  Putting all their eggs in the basket of putting the prosecution to proof was something which would have been far too sophisticated a strategy for them to grasp, let alone appreciating the risks which it invol
ved.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12599906\charrsid11285605 In an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605 y event, there was a case which they had to meet.  There was Apete\rquote 
s evidence.  It is true }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12599906\charrsid11285605 that he only implicated them in assaulting the suspects, not in the rapes or the sexual assaults.  But they would have heard Mr Burney saying in his op
ening}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12599906\charrsid11285605 that the prosecution\rquote 
s case against all nine defendants was that they were all parties to a joint enterprise.  So it did not matter what each of the defendants may or may not have done himself.  What mattered was whether there had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1781956\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12599906\charrsid11285605 been a plan which they all joined in to assault the two susp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605 ects.  It is also true that Apete had to admit to having made previous inconsistent statements.  But he had maintained that what he had said in his third statement had been true.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8337452\charrsid11285605 Since he would not ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 ve wanted to blame members of hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8337452\charrsid11285605 s o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 wn team, it was a pretty brave thing for him to do.  All the more reason for the off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 icers from Suva to think that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605  could well be believed and therefore had to be challenged.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605 And I do not believe that Vili would not have wanted to challenge Apete\rquote s evidence that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 , Apete,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605  had told lies in his second statement because that was what Vili had told him to do.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605 I have not overlooked the fact that Mr Khan did not put a positive case to any of the prosecution witnesses.  T
hat is consistent with the common defence strategy for which Mr Burney contended. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605 
Because none of the defendants would be giving evidence, he was simply putting the prosecution to proof, and that meant that he could not put a positive case to them.  But n
ot putting a positive case to the prosecution witnesses was, I think, just as consistent with Mr Khan realizing that if he did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605 e fact that he had conflicting i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605 
nstructions from his clients would inevitably emerge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605   Indeed, I think that that is much the more likely reason for him not to have put the defendants\rquote 
 respective cases to the prosecution witnesses.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 Finally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605 I want to say something about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 the advice which the officers from Suva say Mr Khan gave them about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9841519\charrsid11285605 Boila\rquote s evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 Boila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 \rquote s claim that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 officers from Sigatoka had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8395655\charrsid11285605 
 been responsible for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 
mistreatment of him and Soko was, on any view, unlikely to be believed.  To say that the officers from Suva should not give evidence because giving evidence would undermine Boila\rquote s account did not make
 sense.  I believed the Suva officers when they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 said that that was the reason Mr Khan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 
 gave them for why he instructed them to tell the judge that they would not be giving evidence.  The likeliest rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 son for him to have given them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605  that instruction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 was not b
ecause there had been a common strategy that none of them would give evidence.  The likeliest reason for him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 have given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 them }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 that instruction }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 was because it was likely to expose the difference between their case and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11536751\charrsid11285605 at of the officers from Lautoka som
ething which Mr Khan would not have wanted to be revealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8337452\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 
What impact did all this have on the right of the officers from Suva to a fair trial?  In the light of my findings of fact, there can be only one answer.  The prosecution witnesses\rquote 
 accounts were not sufficiently tested in cross-examination by the case for the officers from Suva being put to them.  But fundamentally, the officers from Suva did not have the opportunity to give their own account on oath of what they say really happene
d to the two suspects.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2441509\charrsid11285605 
Whether you characterize this as flagrant incompetence or something else does not really matter.  The fact is that the defence which they wanted to advance was not placed before the court.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 Their convictio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 ns cannot stand in that ligh
t.  It is therefore unnecessary to address the other grounds of appeal, namely what I have referred to as their conventional grounds of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2441509\charrsid11285605 It is important to emphasize that this case is very much a one-off.  It should not be regarded by defendant
s who did not give evidence but who were convicted as the green light to allege that their counsel told them not to give evidence.  Such an argument will rarely, if ever, succeed.  It only succeeded in the present case because defendants with obviously co
nflicting accounts were represented by the same lawyer when they should not have been.  The Court of Appeal will not look kindly on defendants who seize upon this judgment as an opportunity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12202975\charrsid11285605 to make unfounded claims about the quality of their legal representation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2441509\charrsid11285605 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5781583 
7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14622558 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841184 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 
For these reasons, I would give the three petitioners leave to appeal.  In accordance with the Court\rquote s usual practice, I would treat the hearing of the application for leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 o appeal as the hearing of the appeal.  I would allow the appeal and quash the petitioners\rquote 
 convictions.  Since they are all so close to their release dates, it would not be appropriate to order that they be retried.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid272543 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11285605\charrsid11285605 Dep J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11285605 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3540540 79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11285605 ]\tab I have read in draft the judgment of Keith J and I agree with his reasoning, conclusions and proposed orders.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8541872\charrsid16527512 Orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12202975\charrsid11285605 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326104\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12202975\charrsid11285605  Leave to the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 etitioners to appeal.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 The petitioners\rquote  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 ppeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 allowed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 The petitioners\rquote  c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605 onviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 s be quashed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14354051\charrsid11285605 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab} There be no order for a retrial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8541872\charrsid11285605  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid5326104 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2910467\charrsid11285605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3611767\charrsid11285605   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid5326104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid938415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15157143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 The Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5326104 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8914119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 The Hon. Mr. Justice Priya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6452117 sath Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15157143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8914119\charrsid14703116 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid938415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2716969\charrsid11285605 
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