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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid14314160 
\par CIVIL PETITION  NO. CBV 0008 of 2019
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid14314160 [Court of Appeal No. ABU 0079 of 2016]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid14314160 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid6968484 SEMI TAWADOKAI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid2976147 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16477172 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16477172 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844 THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 STATE
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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640  APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640  TRIBUNAL
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 \tab SEMI MATAI BESE NACANIELI CAMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid6368640 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 Anthony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 Judge of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 Brian Keith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 

\par Ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 dge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479  of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 The Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 Priyasath Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479 
\par Ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 dge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid7680479  of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 
Mr F. Vosarogo for the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 \tab \tab \tab \tab M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 Motufaga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11951364\charrsid11951364 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364  and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11951364\charrsid11951364 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 `\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844 No appearance for the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6753844\charrsid6753844 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6753844  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 espondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11951364 12
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640  April, 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 Date of Judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 
29 April, 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640\charrsid10778177     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6368640 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid6368640 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10378810\charrsid10378810 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10378810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10378810 Gates, J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810\charrsid10378810 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6649228 \tab I have had the advantage of reading Keith J\rquote s judgment in draft.  I agree with it, with its reasoning and with the final orders proposed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810\charrsid10378810 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10378810\charrsid10378810 Keith, J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10566088\charrsid11951364 Introduction
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [2]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 The title Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364 
 is a venerated title in Fiji.  It is the title given to the chief of the local Yavusa, which approximates to what might be called a clan.  Because the title is one which gives its holder much respect and esteem, there are occasionally disputes about who 
sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 ould be appointed the Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364 .  Different districts have different practices when it com}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 es to appointing their Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364 , and there is no uniform criterion in Fiji for choo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 sing one.  Shoul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364 d it be lineage?  Sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 ould it be suitability for the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364 ffice?  Or should it be a combination of the two?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 body in Fiji which arbitrates in disputes of this kind is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279940\charrsid11951364  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid601019 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15279940\charrsid11951364 Taukei Lands and Fisheries Commission (\'93the Commission\'94
).  The Commission adjudicates on disputes regarding land owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 hip and fishing rights, but also on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279940\charrsid11951364  customary chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364  titles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15279940\charrsid11951364 .  The Commission is the custodian of various registers for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid601019 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279940\charrsid11951364 Taukei which are maintained and updated from time to time.  They contain records which facilitate the resolution of disputes.  The most significant of these registers is the Vola ni Kawa Bula (\'93the VKB\'94
).  Appeals from decisions of the Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6118235\charrsid11951364 lie to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid601019 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6118235\charrsid11951364 Taukei Lands Appeals Tribunal (\'93the Tribunal\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1134110\charrsid11951364   Except in clearly defined circumstances, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6118235\charrsid11951364 djudications by the Tribunal are final, and cannot be challenged in the courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10566088\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 The facts
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364     The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6118235\charrsid11951364 petitioner in this case is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 Semi Tawadokai}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364  (\'93ST\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 .  He is the grandson of Semesa Vakaloloma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364  (\'93SM\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364  who held t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 he title of Tui Vanua }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 of the Yav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 usa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 Nauluvatu on the island of Vanuavatu.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364 
SM was already holding that title when the Commission (then called the Native Lands Commission) began the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 gistration in 1939 of chiefly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364  titles.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9831322\charrsid11951364 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364 
26 December 2011, ST was installed as the Tui Vanua in a traditional ceremony.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364 Semi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364 Matai Bese Nacani
eli Cama (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 SMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364 \'94) is the great grandson of SM\rquote s older brother.  That means he is ST
\rquote s first cousin once removed.  On the day of ST\rquote s i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 nstallation as the Tui Vanua, SMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364 
 wrote to the Commission opposing ST\rquote s appointment and installation.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364 Various attempts to 
resolve the dispute by mediation took place in 2012, but an amicable settlement of the dispute could not be reached, and the dispute was referred to the Commiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364 
ion for a hearing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364 Evidence was taken from various members of the Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 avusa including ST and SMB}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364 .  In due course }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364 the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 
ommission ruled in favour of ST, and he was confirmed as the Tui Vanua.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 SMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364 and others who were interested in the outcome of the dispute appealed against the ruling of the Commission to the Tribunal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364   Prior to the hearing of the appeal, the Secretary to the Tribunal wrote to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364  SMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364 , with a copy to ST.  They letter said that it was hoped that they would be prepared to give evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364  and to answer the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364 ribunal\rquote s questions, and to send to the Tribunal in writing any information which they m
ay have forgotten to produce to the Commission and which they thought could have led the Commission to come to a different conclusion.  The Tribunal heard the appeal on 2 December 2013, and on 26 February 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7032696\charrsid11951364 014, it ruled in favour of SMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 .  Accordingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 SMB 
was named as the Tui Vanua in place of ST.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364 ST applied for leave to apply for judicial review of that ruling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid852395\charrsid11951364   Leave was granted to apply for judicial review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7032696\charrsid11951364  on a limited number of grounds, but the claim was dismissed by Am
aratunga J.  ST appealed to the Court of Appeal (Lecamwasam, Guneratne and Jameel JJA), but that appeal was dismissed as well.  ST now applies for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7032696\charrsid11951364 The ouster clause
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid11951364 Section 7(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 ) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7032696\charrsid11951364 aukei Lands Act 1905 (then called the Native Lands Act) provides that any determination of the Tribunal shall be final.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid11951364 That is reinforced by section 7(5) which provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid10378810 \'93
Decision of the Appeals Tribunal are to be final and conclusive and cannot be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10378810\charrsid10378810  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid10378810 
challenged in a court of law.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid11951364 T
hat is not surprising.  The Tribunal is a highly specialized body addressing issues which people not steeped in the history and culture of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12011663\charrsid11951364 Fiji might be unfamiliar with.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid11951364 However, the position is not quite as absolute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364  as the language might suggest.  You ca
n challenge a determination of a statutory body, even when that determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12011663\charrsid11951364  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 said to be }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12011663\charrsid11951364 final,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364  if there has been some flaw in the decision-making process \endash  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 example, if the body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364  failed to comply with the rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364  of natural justice.  Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364 ou can also challenge a dete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364 
rmination of such a body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364  if it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 has exceeded its jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364 doing something which it did not have the statutory power to do. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364  That principle has been applied to the Tribunal: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364 Ramasi v The Native Lands Commission and others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364  [2015] FJCA 83.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504598\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14898363\charrsid14898363 Fresh evidence
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364 
One of the respects in which it is said on behalf of ST that the Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction was by taking into account evidence which had not been considered by the Commission.  The relevant provision is section 7(3), which provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid11951364 , so far as is material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid10378810 \'93
For the purpose of determining an appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid10378810  the Appeals Tribunal shall have power to hear further evidence, but only if all of the 3 following conditions are satisfied \endash 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi-360\li2520\ri1440\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin1440\lin2520\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid10378810 
f it is shown that the evidence could not have been obtained with reasonable diligence for use at the inquiry before the Commission \'85 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1378677\charrsid10378810 f the further evidence is such that, if given, it would probably have an important influence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid10378810  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid10378810 on the decision; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid10378810 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid10378810 f the evidence is such as is presumably to be believed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid10378810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1800\ri1440\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1800\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 If the Tribunal heard evide}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 nce which had not been placed be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364 fore the Commission, and if any of the thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 ee conditions in section 7(3) were not satisfied, the Tribunal would have done something which it did not have the statutory power to do, and that would have triggered the Court\rquote s p}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 owers of intervention.  That is relevant to the first of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 four grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 nd it is to that ground that I now }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 turn. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1181455\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8213403\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 round of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364  (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2643971\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8003134\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8743041\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6118235\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14314160 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 The first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364  g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 round of appeal relates t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 
o a particular feature of the ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 idence which the Tribunal took into account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 
  That evidence was a Tukutuku Ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 bar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 a.  A Tukutuku Ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 bar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 a is a history of a Yavusa, and a Tuku}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364 tuku Rabar}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 Yavusa }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 Nauluvatu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 was take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364  on oath before the Commission in 1939.  That Tukutuku Rabara was considered by the Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 
 in 2013 when it was adjudicating on the current dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 , and the Tribunal understandably took it into account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364   But the Tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13722820\charrsid11951364  also had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7538961\charrsid11951364 
another Tukutuku Rabara.  That was a private one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 compiled by Josep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3898049\charrsid11951364 
a Waqa.  That had not been before the Commission.  It coul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3898049\charrsid11951364 
 therefore only have been considered by the Tribunal if it satisfied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364 the three conditions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 
 for admissibility in section 7(3).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3016255\charrsid11951364   There is no reference in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid338742\charrsid11951364 e T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3016255\charrsid11951364 ribunal\rquote s judgment to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15615240\charrsid11951364 ection 7(3), and that rather suggests that the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3016255\charrsid11951364 ribunal did not consider whether the three conditions for admissibility had been satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10378810 1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8735256\charrsid11951364      When the lawyers acting for ST filed his claim for judicial review in the High Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15408477\charrsid11951364 
they did indeed allege that evidence which had not been before the Commission had been considered by the Tribunal, even though the conditions in section 7(3) had not been satisfied.  But they did not identify what that evidence was.  The ground \endash 
 which was para 3(c) in ST\rquote s statement of his case \endash  merely said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15408477\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15408477\charrsid10378810 \'93
The evidential material taken into account by the [Tribunal] from evidence that was not taken in the first instance by the Commission do not pass the threshold test as set out by the Section 7(3) of the Taukei Lands Act, Cap 133.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11342777\charrsid10378810   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15408477\charrsid10378810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15408477\charrsid11951364 
The judge was not told that this ground related to the Tukutuku Rabara compiled by Mr Waqa.  That was confirmed by the judge in his judgment.  In para 14, he wrote:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740692\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11148386\charrsid5638369 \'93
The counsel for the Applicants main contention from the initiation of this action was that the Appeals Tribunal had considered fresh evidence, but when the translations were available he could not allude to such an action by the Appeals tribunal.\'94

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11148386\charrsid11951364 In fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7946759\charrsid11951364 , the Tukutuku Rabara compiled by Mr Waqa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7946759\charrsid6962503 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7946759\charrsid11951364 
considered by the Tribunal.  The Tribunal referred to it on pages 26, 28 and 30 of the English version of its judgment.  But the judge cannot be blamed for overlooking that.  He had not been told that the criticism of the Tribunal related to Mr Waqa
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364  Tukutuku Rabara.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5638369 [12]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7946759\charrsid11951364 The position was not improved when the case got to the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid11951364 
.  The notice of appeal did not complain that the Tribunal should not have considered Mr Waqa\rquote s Tukutuku Rabara.  Nor did the written submissions filed on behalf of ST in support of the appeal \endash 
 even though they were 65 pages long.  No mention of Mr Waqa\rquote s Tukutuku Rabara was made at all.  In this context, I have not overlooked para 27 of the judgment of the Court of Appeal which reads:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid5638369 \'93
The Appellant argues that the Tribunal went outside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15615240\charrsid5638369 its jurisdiction by taking into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid5638369 
consideration material outside the Vola ni Kawa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15615240\charrsid5638369  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid5638369 Bula (\lquote VKB\rquote 
), and that the consideration of any other material is illegal.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15615240\charrsid5638369 respondent arg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid5638369 
ued that the \lquote Tukutuku Raba\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15615240\charrsid5638369  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid5638369 
was a record that was available to the Commission and that therefore it was not irrelevant.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12351932\charrsid11951364 The first sentence in that passage shows that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 it was being said on ST\rquote s behalf in the Court of Appeal that the Tribunal had considered inadmissible material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 .  Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 it looks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364  from the second sentence in that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 passage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 that ST\rquote 
s counsel must have re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 ferred to a Tukutuku Rabara.  B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 ut it is also plain from that
 passage that the Court of Appeal thought that he was referring to the Tukutuku Rabara sworn on oath in 1939, n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 
ot the one compiled by Mr Waqa, because it was the 1939 Tukutuku Rabara which the Commission had both seen and rightly taken into account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9064998\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5638369 [13]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 The inescapable conclusion is that the complaint }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 being made to the Supreme Court now \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 that the Tribunal had wrongly taken into account Mr Waqa\rquote s Tukutuku Rabara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 is a new one, raised neither in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4791454\charrsid11951364 the High Court or the Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364 ppeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364  The Supreme }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 is very reluctant to allow new grounds of appeal to be argued in the Supreme Court for the first time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid859285\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 It may do so exceptionally if the new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 ground of appeal raises a pure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364  issue of law on which no further evidence is necessary.  But the Supreme Court will be particularly reluctant to allow a new ground of appeal to be argued }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 where the new groun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 
, if successful, would result in further hearings which would have been unnecessary if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364  ground of appeal had been adva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 nced in the High Court.  In this case, if the Supreme Court permitted this new ground of appeal to be argued, and if the gro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 u}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 nd was successful, the consequence would not be t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 hat ST would be named the Tui Va}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 nua.  The consequence would be that the case would have to be remitted to the Tribunal for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 
 it to consider (i) whether Mr W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 aqa\rquote s Tuku}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 tuku Rabara satisfied the condit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 ions of admissibility in section 7(3), and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364  (ii) if it did not, whet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7997059\charrsid11951364 her the outcome of the appeal to it would be any different.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5638369 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5638369 4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11763341\charrsid11951364      I accept that the Supreme Court should allow
 a new ground to be argued if a substantial and grave injustice might occur if the new ground was not considered. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16264981\charrsid11951364 But Mr Waqa\rquote 
s Tukutuku Rabara went only to one issue before the Tribunal, namely who the successive Tui Vanuas had been over the years.  The Tribunal noted that Mr Waqa\rquote 
s Tukutuku Rabara was only one source for that, and even then it had not been made on oath.  In the circumstances, I doubt whether the Tribunal attached much weight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9059779\charrsid11951364 to Mr Waqa
\rquote s Tukutuku Rabara. If it did not contribute to the outcome, the Tribunal\rquote s alleged error in taking it into account would not take ST\rquote s case fu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16264981\charrsid11951364 
rther.  Accordingly, I do not think that a substantial and grave injustice is likely to oc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 cur if the Supreme Court refuses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16264981\charrsid11951364  to consider this new ground of appeal.  For all these reasons, I would not allow the new ground of appeal to be argued.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9059779\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9059779\charrsid11951364 Ground of appeal (2)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-780\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5638369 [15]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5380194\charrsid11951364 second ground of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16264981\charrsid11951364  relates}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10954585\charrsid11951364 
reliance which the Tribunal is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 
supposed to have placed on the practice in another district about the criteria used for selecting the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 ir Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 .  It is said that the Tribunal relied on the practice in the District of Tavua that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 ir Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364  is selected through the
 lineage of the eldest male line.  That approach is said to have been wrong, and that it was not open to the Tribunal to take account of the practice in another district.  In the course of the hearing, we asked Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 rogo who appeared for S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 T where in the judgment of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 ribu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 nal we would find that the Tribunal relied on t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 he practice in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 another district \endash  because we had not been able to find it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 
  He was unable to point to any such reliance on the part of the Tribunal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 We therefore gave him the opportunity to read the Tribunal\rquote 
s decision again, and let us know on the following day where such reliance might be found.  Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 
rogo never got back to us, and we therefore take it that he could not point to anywhere in the Tribunal\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 s decision where the Tribunal relied on the practice i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14108856\charrsid11951364 n another district.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 This ground of appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16264981\charrsid11951364 al therefore falls at the first hurdle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10248322 [16]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 But there are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 other reasons why this ground is unsu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 stainable.  First, even if the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 ribunal had placed re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 liance on a non-local practice, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364 that woul
d not have amounted to the Tribunal exceeding its jurisdiction by doing something which it did not have the statutory power to do.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 
  In the absence of uniform criteria across the whole of Fiji for selecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 ng a Tui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 it was for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 the Tribun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 al to decide}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364  who should be the Tui Vanua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364  for the Yavusa Nauluvatu.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364  In the present context, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 hat means that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1641182\charrsid11951364  was for the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 
ribunal to decide whether the application of a non-local }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364  was the appropriate }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 course to take in this case.  Secondly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 , as Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 rogo expressly conceded in answer to a question from us, this complaint about the Tribuna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 l was not raised either in the H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015620\charrsid11951364 igh Court or the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14316314\charrsid11951364   For the reasons given in para 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9442912 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14316314\charrsid11951364 
 above in respect of the first ground of appeal, it is too late to raise the second ground of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364  now.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 Ground of appeal (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9437692\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10248322 [17]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10954585\charrsid11951364 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10954585\charrsid11951364 hird ground of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 relates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10954585\charrsid11951364  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14316314\charrsid11951364 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10954585\charrsid11951364 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14316314\charrsid11951364 Tribunal was entitled to determine w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 ho should be appointed the Tui V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14316314\charrsid11951364 anua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 looking at sources other than the VKB such as Mr Waqa\rquote s Tukutuku Rabara.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364  The argument is that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 
succession to the title of Tui is by lineage through the eldest male.  Since the VKB identified that lineage, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364 
the Tribunal was not entitled to look at any sources other than the VKB.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364 Thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 s was unquestionably one of the complaints made by ST\rquote s legal team in the High Court: see paras 3(b), 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364 
(f) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16191796\charrsid11951364 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364 (h) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364  the grounds on which judicial review was sought.  The High Court rejected those grounds on the basis that they went to the merits of the disput
e, ie that it was not a case of the Tribunal doing something which it did not have the statutory power to do.  On appeal to the Court of Appeal, it was argued that Amaratunga J had been wrong to conclude that these grounds only went to the merits of the d
ispute, but the Court of Appeal agreed with Amaratunga J.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10248322 [18]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 However, with disarming candour, Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 rogo conceded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364  \endash 
 both in the written submissions filed in support of the petition and in oral argument in the Supreme Court \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1319724\charrsid11951364 that this argument did indeed go}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 
o the merits of the dispute, ie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13044084\charrsid11951364 it could not be argued that the Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 ibunal did something which it did not have the statutory power to do.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7144908\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364  In my opinion, Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 rogo was right to make that concession.  As I said in connection with the second ground of appeal, in the absence of uniform criteria for the sele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 ction of a Tui, it was for the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 ribunal to decide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 
whether lineage through the eldest male line was decisive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 .  In other words, it was for the Tribunal to decide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 whether it was appropriate to ke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11875216\charrsid11951364 ep }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid11951364 
within the four walls of the VKB, or to take into account other matters as well. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10248322 [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid11951364 Having said that, Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6962503 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid11951364 rogo contends that this is not quite the end of the story.  There may be exceptional cases in which the court needs to address the merits of the
 dispute.  He found support for that in the concurring judgment of Guneratne JA in the Court of Appeal.  Guneratne JA said at paras 2 and 3:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322 \'93
I wish to express my own view on a particular aspect as follows; - merits review is not always outside the pale of Judicial Review for the reason that sometimes review may be inevitable when the balance tips heavily one way \lquote 
and the Court must simply substitute its own opinion\rquote .  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322 Wade & Forsyth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322 .  11}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322  Ed. P.313, also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322 Edore v Home Secretary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10686275\charrsid10248322  [2003] 1 WLR 2979).  However, this is not the ideal case that merits review.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7433549\charrsid10248322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11148386\charrsid10248322 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 In my opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 , the editors of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 Wade and Forsythe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 
 were saying that a merits review might become inevitable if the court thinks that that the balance tips so heavily one way that only one decision is possible.  That will arise, for example, when the body whose decision the court is reviewing has to dec}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 de between conflicting interests.  Thus, in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364  Edore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 , the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364  had to decide}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364  whether the Home Secr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 etary had struck the right balance between a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364  would-be immigrant\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 s right to family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 
life and the need for effective i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 mmigration control.  If there was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364  room for only one view on that}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364  topic, the Court would in effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 be substituting its own view for that of the Home Secretary.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1638649\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li720\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15933034\charrsid11951364 
     That has no application to this case.  The reason why a merits review could not be allowed here is because a merits review was expressly disallowed by statute.  The effect of sections 7(1) and 7(5) was to prevent a merits review by the Tribunal of de
cisions of the Commission.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364      For these reasons, the third ground of appeal fails.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 Ground of appeal (4)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 The fourth ground of appeal relates to what happened in 1939 when the Commission began the registration of chiefly ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8092228\charrsid11951364 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 les. As I have said, ST\rquote 
s grandfather, SM, was already the Tui Vanua then. The argument is that by declaring SMB, someone not directly descended from SM, as the Tui Vanua in preference to ST who was directly descended from him, the Tribunal was acting inconsistently with th
e Commission\rquote s decision in 1939 to confirm SM as Tui Vanua.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5788980\charrsid11951364   The legal peg on which the ST\rquote s legal team base this argument is issue estoppel.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 3]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5788980\charrsid11951364 Issue estoppel arises when an issue has been litigated before, and the same issue arises for determination in subsequent litig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 
ation between the same parties.  There are at least two reasons why this argument cannot get off the ground. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5788980\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16191796\charrsid11951364 what happened in 1939 cannot be classified as litigation.  It was an administrative process by which the Commission regi
stered chiefly titles.  It recorded the names of the persons who it believed held the various chiefly titles in Fiji.  The process was as far from litigation as it could be.  Secondly, there was no dispute in 1939 about who the Tui Vanua was.  That was co
nfirmed to us by Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15350187 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16191796\charrsid11951364 
rogo.  SM had been the Tui Vanua prior to 1939, and the Commission merely recoded the undisputed fact that he continued to be the Tui Vanua.  So there was no determination by the Commission which could be regarded as the resolution o
f a disputed issue.  The Commission merely recorded what it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15413201\charrsid11951364 being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16191796\charrsid11951364 told. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5788980\charrsid11951364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [24]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 
In the interests of completeness, it should be added that this ground of appeal was not one of the grounds advanced in the High Court.  Mr Vos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15350187 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 rogo expressly conceded that.  It was, though, a ground of appeal to the Court of Appeal, although there the legal peg on which ST\rquote s legal team hung the argument included }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 res judicata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 In my opinion, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 he argument based on the legal principle of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 res judicata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364  is fallacious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364  for the same reasons as the argument based on issue estoppel is. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15413201\charrsid11951364 t follows that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid725508\charrsid11951364 his ground of appeal also fails.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6426045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [25]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 
For these reasons, I would refuse ST leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.  I see no reason why costs should not follow the event, and I would order him to pay $2,000.00 for the Tribunal\rquote 
s costs of the appeal to the Supreme Court.  No costs should be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364  awarded in favour of SM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1838244\charrsid11951364 
B: although an interested party to the litigation, no documents have ever been filed on his behalf, and he was not represented in the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8222896\charrsid11951364 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin709\itap0\pararsid14314160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 
    I know that the outcome of this case will come as a great disappointment to ST.  There is little I can say to redress that.  I also know that his current legal team have done what they could to get ove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364 r the hurdles which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 
 faced them.  But this is now the end of the road for ST.  He will just have to accept the decision of the Tribunal which has survived this sustained challenge to its legality.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14428842 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 
I wish to add one final thing.  The problems which have bedeviled this case have arisen because there is no uniform set of criteria to determine who should be the Tui of a particular district.  That may, for all we know, be a good thing.  It may be sensib
le }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364 to leave each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 
 district to determine for itself how it chooses its Tui.  But the other view is that it makes predicting who the next Tui is going to be uncertain, and there may well be undesirable inconsistencies between different districts.  We leave it 
to those responsible in Fiji for the governance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1528731\charrsid11951364  o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4073872 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15413201\charrsid11951364 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920\charrsid11951364 
aukei affairs to consider whether the creation of a uniform model for determining the Tui is desirable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10373920 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4135422\charrsid4135422 Dep, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4135422 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422\charrsid4135422 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9911908 \tab I have had the advantage of reading Keith J\rquote s draft judgment, and agree with his reaso
ning and conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6426045 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid23710\charrsid9784274 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid23710\charrsid9784274 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid23710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi-360\li360\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin360\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710 Application for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court refused.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li360\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin360\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7693919 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid23710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi-360\li360\ri720\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin720\lin360\itap0\pararsid14314160\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710 The Petitioner to pay $2,000.00 for the Tribunal
\rquote s costs of the appeal to the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710\charrsid23710 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid14314160 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid23710 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 The Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid4135422 JUDGE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid4135422\charrsid5980956 THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4135422\charrsid5856161 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 
\par The Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid4135422\charrsid5980956 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4135422\charrsid5856161 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid6426045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 
\par 
\par The Hon. Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid359143 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4135422 Priyasath Dep 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid4135422\charrsid5980956 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT
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