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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 APPELLATE JURISDICTION]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717 Criminal Petition No. CAV 0009 of 2019
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid5990697 [On Appeal from the Fiji Court of Appeal No. AAU 0053 of 2015]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2977\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7606075\charrsid7606075 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7606075 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717 JOJI KACIVAKAWALU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid12668531 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075\charrsid7606075 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7606075 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid11688209 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13043717\charrsid1139529 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs21\insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 Hon. Madam. Justice Chandra Ekanayake, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith, Judge of the Supreme Court 
\par Hon. Mr. Justice Frank Stock, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5582055\charrsid7606075 In Person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10452823\charrsid7606075 for the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5582055\charrsid7606075 Mr. L. J. Burney and Mr. R. Kumar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 for the Respondent 
\par 
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1843267\charrsid7606075 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1843267\charrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1843267\charrsid7606075 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 , 2019
\par 
\par 
\par Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075\charrsid7606075 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1843267\charrsid7606075 31 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043717\charrsid7606075 October, 2019
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7606075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid6693631 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7606075\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11155783\charrsid13043717 Ekanayake, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10452823 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11155783\charrsid13043717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6835352\charrsid10452823 Introduction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6835352 The Petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5990697 
Joji Kacivakawalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5990697  by a notice dated 20 December 2018 addressed to the Supreme Court of Fiji (which appears to have been rec
eived by the Registry on 5 January 2019)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623  has appealed against the decision of Fiji Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144 Appeal dated 29 November }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6715844 2018 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144  had affirmed conviction and sentence imposed by the learned High Court Judge.  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623  was convicted for 2 Count}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623  of Robbery with V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144 iolence contrary to section 293(1)(b) of the Penal Code, Cap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4483582 
 17 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623 Unlawful use of Motor Vehicle contrary to section 292 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608144 Penal Code, , Cap 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5990697 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 2] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623 The above }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677 notice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12788623 appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677 l to this court  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623  has been lodged within the time frame of 42 days stipulat
ed in Rule 5(a) of the Supreme Court Rules 2016.  Thus it is a timely application.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 3] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623 The Court of Appeal by the impugned judgment had dismissed the appeal and affirmed the conviction.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [4] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12788623 Petitioner, one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 Jose Peters with others had been originally charged in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court at Ba for the aforementioned 3 Counts on 21 August 2008.  In pursuance to Section 220 of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677 e Criminal Procedure Code by its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
 order of 12 September 2008 case was tran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6387719 sferred to High Court at Lautoka.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 5] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 After commencement of the trial before the H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677 igh Court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677  after the Voir dire inquiry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 the other accused Jose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 \rquote 
s interview was ruled inadmissible by the Learned High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 \rquote s ruling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15666677  on Voir d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 ire dated 18 September 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477  and he was discharged following the filing of a nolle prosequi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 6] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 Thereafter an Amended Information was filed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807  the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170101  of Suva on 28 January 2015 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 only against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
 the present Petitioner.  He was charged with the following offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10170101 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1775808 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 FIRST COUNT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717\charrsid1775808 Statement of Offence (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 : Contrary to section 293(1)(b) of the Penal Code, Cap 17.
\par Particulars of Offence (b)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 JOJOI KACIVAKAWALU and others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717  on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13043717\charrsid1775808 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043717  day of August 2008 at Nailaga, Ba, in the Western Division, robbed Hassan Ali of cash $20,202, t
wo Alcatel mobile phones values at $258; two 22ct gold chain valued at $1100, 3 piece diamond earrings valued at $300, one gents gold ring valued at $150, two gold car rings valued at $550, two gold bangles valued at $1500 all to a total value of $24,060,
 the property of Hassan Ali and immediately before the time of such robbery did use personal violence to the said Hassan Ali.
\par 
\par SECOND COUNT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717\charrsid1775808 Statement of Offence (a)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 : Contrary to section 293 91)(b) of the Penal Code, Cap 17.
\par Particulars of Offence (b)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 JOJI KACIVAKAWALU and others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717  on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13043717\charrsid1775808 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043717  day of August 2008 at Nailaga, Ba, in the Western Division, robbed Khatoon of a gold chain valued at $400, gold bangles valued at $4
00 all to a total value of $800, the property of Khatoon and immediately before the time of such robbery did use personal violence to the said Khatoon.
\par 
\par THIRD COUNT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13043717\charrsid1775808 Statement of Offence (a)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 UNLAWFUL USE OF MOTOR VEHICLE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 : Contrary to section 292 of the Penal Code, Cap 17.
\par Particulars of Offence (b)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 JOJI KACIVAKAWALU and others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717  on the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13043717\charrsid2756667 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043717  day of August 2008 at Nailaga, Ba, in the Western Division, unlawfully and without color or right but not to be guilty of stealing for their own use motor vehicle registration number EX 213 the property of Hassan Ali. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1775808\charrsid1775808 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
Having pleaded not guilty to the above charges trial proper commenced in the High Court before a judge sitting with assessors.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
After trial the assessors having returned unanimous opinion of guilty on all 3 Counts the learned High Court Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422  had accordingly convicted the Petitioner for the offences charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15100807 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 9] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 By the sentencing order of the learned H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831 
igh Court Judge dated 17/4/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422  2015 the Petitioner was sentenced as follows:-
\par 11 years of imprisonment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831  for each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16124422\charrsid16124422 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 
 and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16124422\charrsid16124422 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831  Counts of robber}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487848 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6891655  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 6 months imprisonment for the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16124422\charrsid16124422 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 
 Count and all to be served concurrently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831 . Not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 eligible for parole for 9 years.  
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid16124422\charrsid10452823 In the Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831 Petitioner\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16124422  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16124422\charrsid16124422 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422  application for leave to appeal against conviction and sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327831 
 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 received by the Court of Appeal on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5963834 6 May 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 
 Thereafter 2 other applications were received by the Court of Appeal on 30 October 2015 and 12 January 2016 respectively.  All had been lodg
ed against conviction and sentence.  The last notice of appeal (received on 12 January 2016) giving amended grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12875028 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 relate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12875028 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5963834  to the Voir d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 ire Ruling and the directions given to the assessors concerning the caution interview.  Before the single Judge of
 the Court of Appeal the Petitioner had indicated that he was seeking leave t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487848 o appeal only against conviction on the amended grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 
  Leave to appeal against conviction had been granted by the Ruling of the single Judge dated 22 June 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5963834 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 
specifically on grounds 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 appearing in the last amended notice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124422 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 
As per paragraph 7 of the judgment of the Court of Appeal the Petitioner again had confirmed that he was not canvassing the sentence.  Thereafter the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 , in paragraph 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 had proceeded to consider the 3 grounds on which leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13324011 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1980538  sought against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487848 
.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 Said p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456 aragraph 8 of the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2511456  is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834 reproduced below:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx1843\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1980538 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 
Thus, the grounds of appeal that would be considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043717 in this Judgment are as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 
\par (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 \lquote 
That the record for caution interview was wrongly admitted by failing to appropriately consider the impact of the contusion to the voluntariness of the caution interview.\rquote 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 \lquote That the learned trial Judge had totally failed to direct the assessors on
 the missing first part of the medical report.\rquote 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834 (iii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 \lquote 
That the learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact in failing to direct himself and/or the assessors on the fact that the prosecution had totally failed to establish as to how the Appellant came by t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1980538 
he injury namely the contusion.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid11827834 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 12] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 For the reasons expressed in the impugned judgment of the Court of Appeal, the learned Ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487848 stices had dismissed the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1980538  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487848 and affirmed the conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327   
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid5191327\charrsid10452823 Grounds of appeal submitted to this Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 The Petitioner 
has filed a notice of appeal to this Court dated 20 December 2018 together with a covering letter of 28 December 2018 (which appears to have been received by the Registry on 5 January 2019), seeking leave to appeal against the decision of the Fiji Court o
f Appeal delivered on 29 November, 2018.  Three grounds of appeal were submitted by this document.  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 
se grounds are same as the grounds of appeal that had been considered by the Court of Appeal in the impugned judgment.
\par 
\par The Petitioner by another notice dated 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid11470477\charrsid11470477 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477  June 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 
19 together with a covering letter dated 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid11470477\charrsid11470477 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 
June 2019 (which appears to have been received }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11470477 by the Registry on the same day) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834 has submitted 2 additional grounds of appeal.  Those gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 ounds are reproduced below: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 \'932.0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15797388\charrsid15797388 Additional Grounds of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 I.V }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 
That the learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact in failing to direct himself and/or the assessors on the weight to be attached to the confession in the light of all other evidence in the case.
\par 
\par V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 That the learned Judge also failed to test the carbon copy documents tendered as exhibit evidence in court by applying the \'93Lobendahn Test\'94
 whereby neither counsel raised it nor the bench on the existence of the original document since the accused was going to be judged on the only evidence of an involuntary police caution interview\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 14] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465 In my view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535\charrsid7670465 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465  the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465  notice of appeal received by the Registry on 5 January 2019 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535\charrsid7670465 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535\charrsid7670465 a notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465 lodged within the time frame of 42 days stipulated in Rule 5(a) of the Supreme Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535\charrsid7670465 urt Rules 2016, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11827834\charrsid7670465 hus it is a timely application. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 15] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7939740 
Learned Judges in paragraph 9 of the impugned Court of Appeal judgment had identified that the 3 grounds raised wer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15561319 e grounds relating to the Voir d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7939740 ire Ruling}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15561319  admitting the caution interview (ground 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7939740 
 and grounds 2 and 3 with regard to the directions of the Trial Judge given to the assessors and how he directed himself on medical evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid216535 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid15797388\charrsid10452823 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\super\insrsid4338823\charrsid10452823 st }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid15797388\charrsid10452823 Ground of Appeal Advanced i
n the Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 16] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 The above ground is reproduced in paragraph 11 above.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7939740 The}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16457183  judges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388  of COA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16457183  had paid due consideration to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9900501 
challenge raised with regard to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 the admission of the caution interview }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15797388 in the light of the assault by the police.  Even t
he contusion that was found on the lower back as shown in Petitioner\rquote s Medical Report. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14160600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 In paragraph 18 of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9900501  judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031  it is mentioned that only one medical report was available in the case record and where Part A of it was filled up by DC 1715}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9900501  Es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1521182 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9900501 ra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1521182 Bari}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid795031  on 5 August 2008 and Part B by the doctor who examined him on 6 August 2008, who had ordered an x-ray on the Petitioner.  But no x-ray report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9900501  had been produced at the Voir d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 ire or at the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7939740 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 17] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 As per paragraph 21 of the Court of Appeal judgment, the learned High Court Judge\rquote 
s observation on the medical report }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 goes as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 follows:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554 \lquote The medical report after examination of the first accused and dated 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554  August reveals that the first accused had complained to the Doctor about a pain on his back. The doctor opined that his general health condition was good but that he had \'93contusion in the lower back area.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554 He was prescribed pain killers.\rquote  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 18] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554 The learned High Court Judge having carefully considered the evidence of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6053673  first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554 4 police officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053673  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 who were called by the prosecution, had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6053673  found that evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554 to be reliable and consistent in the face of the Petitioner\rquote s evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4328157 ence and the medical report.  In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554  paragraph 22 of the Court of Appeal judgment following observations were made:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795031 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554 \lquote The first accused gave evidence which seemed to be embellishing the situation as he found it. If he had been \'93tortured\'94
 as he said he was, by having his feet beaten and punched and sat upon, he would have had injuries visible to the medical practitioner,
 yet there were none. The only injury found on examination was contusion to his lower back and in his evidence he had not mentioned anything about his back until an entirely improper leading question from his counsel alerted him to the lacuna. I did not b
elieve the evidence of the first accused and I am left then with consistent and reliable evidence of the first four Police Witnesses and I find that I can rely on that evidence as proof of the voluntariness of the first accused\rquote 
s caution interview. The record of that interview and the answer to charge may both be led in evidence in the trial on the general issue.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554\charrsid2325554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 19] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 demonstrated by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2325554 questions 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2325554  11 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395 
appearing at page 104 of the High Court Record) the Petitioner had been afforded with his Constitutional Rights under Section 27 with regard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3148259 to presence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395 
 any relative, spouse, any religious or social worker etc.  But the Petitioner had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3148259 declined to avail himself of this opportunit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 y. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395\charrsid3699980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11104936 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [20] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395\charrsid3699980 I opt to reproduce the following questions and answers in the course of the Petitioner\rquote 
s interview appearing at page 113 of the High Court Record: 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 Q133. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 Is there anything you wish to add, alter or correct from what you have said?
\par A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 No.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 Q134. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 Was there any inducement, threat or promise held to you that you have gave your answers as recorded?
\par A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 No. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 Q138. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 Did you give your statement from your own free will?
\par A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 Yes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11358236\charrsid11358236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 21] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395 On an examination of the evidence of the 4 police officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 
 called by the prosecution at the voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395  the learned Justices of the Court of Appeal at paragraph 23 of the judgment had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 
arrived upon the following conclusion:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419395 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842\charrsid12085842 
Having perused the evidence of the four police officers, I do not find any material contradictions or inconsistencies among them. I think that it is fair to say that if the medical report lends some support to the Appellant\rquote 
s allegations it is only in respect of the police officers having allegedly hit him on the back with a baton. However, even though he had made that allegation in the Magistrate\rquote s Court, he had not spoken to such an attack in his evidence at the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842\charrsid12085842 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842\charrsid12085842 
 inquiry. The rest of the alleged brutal attack comprising of an assault lasting for more than one hour at Feeder Road on the way to the Police station and another beating fo
r 30-40 minutes prior to the caution interview and more torture on the second day is not borne out by the medical report at all. There is not a semblance of any such brutality revealed by the examining doctor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12085842 \'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842\charrsid12085842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842 Furthermore, the stance taken up by the Petitioner in his }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 testimony at V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842 
oir dire inquiry was that the medical report which was produced by him was an incomplete one.  This report appears at pages 131 and 132 of the High Court Record.  On 5 August 2008 Petitioner had consented to be examined by 
a doctor who appears to have had 12 years experience.  Under item 14 \endash  Diagnosis:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842\charrsid12085842 \'93Contusion at low back.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842   Under item 15 
\endash  Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 eatment: \'93pain killer prescribed.\'94  Having considered all this the Court of Appeal had concluded that there is not a semblance of
 any such brutality revealed by the doctor.  In the light of all the evidence I am unable to conclude that the above finding of the Court of Appeal is irrational and/or perverse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12085842 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 23] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 The Petitioner had been repr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 esented by Counsel at the Voir d
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 ire inquiry.  After calling the prosecution witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 
 the Petitioner had elected to give evidence, but not called any witnesses on his behalf. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978  On an examination of the Voir d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 
ire Ruling of the High Court Judge dated 18 December 2014 in respect of the Petitioner, he had opted to outline the test for the admissibility of statements made by an accused to pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid873527 
rsons in authority in the following manner.  At paragraph 3 of the ruling:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3487825 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649\charrsid1250649 \'93The test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649\charrsid1250649 the admissibility of statements made by an accused to persons in authority is
 whether they were voluntarily obtained i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 n the absence of oppression or u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649\charrsid1250649 
nfairness or in breach of any constitutional rights.  The burden of proving voluntariness, fairness, lack of oppression or unfairness or in breach of any constitutional rights.  The b
urden of proving voluntariness, fairness, lack of oppression and observance of constitutional rights rests on the Prosecution and all matters must be proved beyond reasonable doubt.  I have kept these tests and that burden uppermost in my mind in deciding
 upon this issue.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8808180\charrsid1250649 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649 In paragraph 21 of the Ruling the High Court Judge has }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649 concluded that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid873527 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649\charrsid8808180 \'93In contrast to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236\charrsid8808180 the Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8808180\charrsid8808180 
 evidence I find that the evidence of the first accused is unreliable.  While I am well aware that he does not have to prove anything to me, neither does he tell me anything which makes me doubt the consistency and reliability of the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8808180 olice evidence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1250649\charrsid8808180 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12322023 For the reasons enumerated in paragraph 23 of the ruling he has stressed that he did not believe the evidence of the petitio
ner and  he was left then  with the consistent and reliable evidence of the first 4 police witnesses and he had concluded that he can rely on that evidence as proof of the petitioner\rquote s caution interview.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11358236 
\par On the above footing he had been satisfied with the proof of the voluntariness of the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15073978 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236  (then 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid11358236\charrsid11358236 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236  Accused\rquote s) caution interview.  In the light of the above reasoning I agree with the conclusion of the learned High Court Judge.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236\charrsid7670465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid11358236\charrsid10452823 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\super\insrsid11358236\charrsid10452823 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7670465\charrsid10452823  Ground in the Court of Appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid873527\charrsid10452823 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 That is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9046400 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11358236 failure of the Trial Judge to direct the assessors on the missing first part of the medical report.  

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7670465 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 In relation to this ground, following salient factors are noted:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12085842 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434 Only one medical report has been produced in this case(at pp 131 and 132 of HC record)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9378265\charrsid11867434 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}It appears to be a complete report and same was produced in defence case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid12911367\charrsid11867434 without any objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\insrsid9378265\charrsid11867434 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9378265\charrsid11867434 It was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9378265\charrsid11867434  even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9776251\charrsid11867434  suggested on behalf of the petitioner that the report was incomplete.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 The learned Jus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9378265 tices of the Court of Appeal having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251  proceeded to examine this ground in pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 ra 45 of their judgment had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9776251  concluded that, there was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 o basis or reason for the High C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 
ourt Judge to have addressed the assessors on this so called missing part of the medical report. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 Said p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 aragraph of the Court of appeal j
udgment is reproduced below:-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149\charrsid3110149 [45] The Appellant had spoken to a missing part of the medical report in his evidence under cross-examination at the\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149\charrsid3110149 oir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149\charrsid3110149 \~
inquiry. However, he had not elaborated as to what part was missing. As mentioned before, I do not
 find any such missing part from his medical report. In any event, the Appellant had been silent with regard to this complaint in his evidence at the trial. Nor had his counsel questioned Dr. Joeli Marakou or Inspector Esira Bari who had completed Part A 
of the medical report and called on behalf of the Appellant to ascertain whether the medical report was incomplete. The doctor had not said that any part was missing from the medical report. The Appellant\rquote 
s written submission tendered to the CA Registry on 
17 October 2018 does not take up this as a ground of appeal at all. In the circumstances, there was no basis or reason for the Learned Judge to have addressed the assessors on the so called missing part of the medical report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3110149 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149\charrsid3110149 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367\charrsid3110149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 [28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 On the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12911367 footing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 , the Learned Judges had rejected the above ground of appeal and I am satisfied with their conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9046400 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9776251\charrsid10452823 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\super\insrsid9776251\charrsid10452823 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9776251\charrsid10452823 
 Ground of Appeal before the Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 [29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid997631 That is- \lquote The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3110149\charrsid3110149 
learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact in failing to direct himself and/or the assessors on the fact that the prosecution had totally failed to establish as to how the Appellant came by the injury namely the contusion.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9776251\charrsid997631 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid3110149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4091016 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4091016 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 
To my mind, the thrust of this complaint is that the learned Trial Judge had failed to specifically direct the asessors on the point that the prosecution had failed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9266333  to prove how the petitioner had}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149  a contusion on his back.  At the outset itself, I am unable to concur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9266333  with the above propositon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 
 that the burden of proving as to how the petitioner\rquote s contusion occurred lies with the prosecution.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 [31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9378265 As per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 
 the proceedings had before the High Court on 16.4.2015, after the delivery of the summing up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4589705 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149  the trial Judge had asked \endash  re-direc
tions?  The petitioner had been represented by counsel throughout.  Both counsel had said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9266333 \'93
No re-directions\'94.  I opt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250  to quote how the Court of Appeal had dealt with this in paragraph 47 of the impugned judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8606579 
Said paragraph 47 is to the following effect:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3110149 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 \'93[47] The Learned Trial Judge had asked for re-directions at the end of the summing up and both counsel had said \lquote no re-directions\rquote 
. The non-direction complained of by the Appellant could have been easily brought to the attention of the Trial Judge an
d therefore for this reason alone this ground of appeal need not be considered. The Court of Appeal has dealt with this type of omission which seems to be happening with alarming and embarrassing regularity giving rise to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4091016  plethora of appeal grounds. 
\par In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 Prasad v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4091016  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 Criminal Appeal No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4091016 AAU0010 of 2014: 4 October 2018 }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJCA/2018/152.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 
{\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00430041002f0032003000310038002f00
3100350032002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 [2018] FJCA 152}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid4091016  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 the Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4091016 urt of Appeal stated as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid11155783 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \lquote 
The appellate courts have from time and again frowned upon the failure of the defense counsel in not raising appropriate directions with the trial judge and said that if not, the appellate court would not look at the complaints against the summing-up in a
ppeal based on such misdirections or non-directions favorably. The appellate courts would be slow to entertain such a ground of appeal. The Supreme Court said in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 Raj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \~that raising of matters of appropriate directions with the trial judge is a useful function and by doing so counsel would not only act in their client\rquote 
s interest but also they would help in achieving a fair trial and once again reiterated this position in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \~Tuwai v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \~
CAV0013 of 2015: 26 August 2016\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJSC/2016/35.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00530043002f0032003000310036002f00
330035002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 [2016] FJSC 35}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \~and in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 Alfaaz v State}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid14252250 \~CAV0009 of 2018: 30 August }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250\charrsid6358440 2018\~}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJSC/2018/17.html" \\o "View Case" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7a00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00530043002f0032003000310038002f00
310037002e00680074006d006c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\ul\insrsid14252250\charrsid6358440 [2018] FJSC 17}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14252250\charrsid6358440 .\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14252250 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6310453 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11867434 [32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6310453 When examining the issue involved in the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid6310453\charrsid4265319 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6310453  ground of appeal to the Court of Appeal, the following paragraphs in the Summing Up of the Learned High Court Judge would lend assistance:
\par Paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Summing Up had dealt with the issue of proof and the standard of proof.  These two paragraphs are to the following effect:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4265319 
5. On the issue of proof, I must direct you as a matter of law that the onus or burden of truth lies on the prosecution to prove the case against the accused. The burden remains on the prosecution throughout the trial and nev
er shifts. There is no obligation upon the accused to prove his innocence. Under our system of criminal justice an accused person is presumed to be innocent until proved guilty.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4265319 
6. The standard of proof is one of proof beyond reasonable doubt. This means that before you can find the accused guilty of the offence charged, you must be satisfied so that you are sure of his guilt. If you have a reasonable doubt about the guilt of the
 accused, then it is your duty to express an opinion that the accused is not guilty. It is only if yo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453 u are satisfied so that you feel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4265319 
 sure of the guilt of the accused that you can express an opinion that he is guilty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4265319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6310453 Then paragraphs 24 to 26 and
 28 dealing with the caution interview also would be relevant.  These are:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4853460 
24. I now direct you Ladies and Gentleman how you should approach this interview and the consequent statement that he made in answer to the formal charge. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4853460 25. The prosecution say
 that the answers given in the interview were answers that he provided and that they are true. The accused's case is that he was assaulted in the Police Station and he was in pain and in order to stop the assaults he gave those answers but they are not tr
ue. He was forced to say that. 
\par 26. In deciding whether you can safely rely upon those admissions, you must decide two issues:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453 
\par and 
\par 28. If however you are sure that the accused made the admissions and that they were not obtained in that way, you must nonet
heless decide whether you are sure that the admissions are true. If, for whatever reason, you are not sure that the admissions are true then you must disregard them. If, on the other hand, you are sure that they are true, you may rely on them.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid4853460 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6310453 Medical consultant\rquote s evidence too has been dealt in the Summing Up in paragraph 40:-
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6358440 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid15865500 
40. A medical consultant came to court and said that the medical report showed that there was contusion to the accused's back. He said contusion is bruising that can be caused by 
blunt force. He said that there were no other injuries noted by the examining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6358440  doctor.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6310453\charrsid15865500 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252250 
\par [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid997631 
On perusal of the summing up as a whole I am convinced that the High Court Judge not only had addressed his mind but also had the defence case fairly and completely put to the assessors for their consideration.  Further I stress that \endash 
 always a summing up have to be objective and balanced as observed in R v Fotu (1995) 3 NZLR 129.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4091016   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid997631 
I would take the liberty to cite the following passages also of Cooke P, in the aforesaid case of R v Fotu which would be of importance.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631\charrsid348944 
"New Zealand practice has generally accorded with and we cannot do better than adopt the following passage in the speech of Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone LC in R v Lawrence }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1982%5d%20AC%20510" \\o "View LawCite Record" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
10d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b9800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f006300670069002d00620069006e002f004c006100770043006900740065003f00630069007400
3d002500350062003100390038003200250035006400250032003000410043002500320030003500310030000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631\charrsid348944 [1982] AC 510}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631\charrsid348944 , 519:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631\charrsid997631 It has been said before, but obviously requires to be said again. The purpose of a direction to a jury is not best achieved by a disquisition on jurisprudence o
r philosophy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe3081\langnp3081\langfenp3081\insrsid997631\charrsid348944 
 or a universally applicable circular tour round the area of law affected by the case. The search for universally applicable definition is often productive of more obscurity than light. A direction is seldom improved and may be considerably dam
aged by copious recitations from the total content of a judge's note book. A direction to a jury should be custom built to make the jury understand their task in relation to a particular case. Of course it must include references to the burden of proof an
d
 the respective roles of jury and judge. But it should also include a succinct but accurate summary of the issues of fact as to which a decision is required, a correct but concise summary of the evidence and arguments on both sides, and a correct statemen
t of the inferences which the jury are entitled to draw from their particular conclusions about the primary facts."
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid997631 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 For the above reasons I conclude that the Court of Appeal has not erred in rejecting the above ground of appeal.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid10452823 Additional 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\super\insrsid869760\charrsid10452823 nd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid10452823 
ground of appeal submitted to this court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 34] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
The ground spelt out in 2(IV) of the additional grounds to this court submitted by the document received on 26.6.19, was that the learned High Court Judge erred in law and in fact in failing to direct himself 
and/or the assessors on the weight to be attached to the confession in the light of all other evidence in the case.  This ground almost appears to be same as the third ground presented to the full court of appeal and which has been already rejected by the
m.  
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid10452823 New ground of appeal submitted to this court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 35] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 Now I shall advert to the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid869760\charrsid869760 nd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760  additional ground of appeal submitted to this court (under Item 2.V) of the Notice of Appeal received by this Court on 26.6.19).   Manner in which this gr
ound is drafted bears ample proof of the fact that neither counsel had raised this matter in any court below.  Thus this appears to be a new ground raised in this court.  In those circumstances this court would not entertain a fresh ground of appeal unles
s its significance upon the special leave criteria was compelling.  In such a situation it does not meet the required standards.  In this regard observations made by this court in Kamalesh Kumar v State would become relevant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid131777 At para 20 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 \'93[20] The applic
ant in his petition for special leave to this court purported to raise numerous grounds, not raised in the court below. Such an approach will not find favour with this court unless the omitted ground is compelling and meets the criteria for special leave 
of section 7(2). The court finds nothing compelling, or of that category, in the informal petition.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 The grounds of appeal submitted to this court by the petitioner\rquote s document seeking special leave, are new grounds not taken up or argued in the Court of Ap
peal. In this regard I wish to quote the following observations made by this court in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482  Anand Abhay Raj v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 
; FJSC 12; CAV 003.2014[20 August 2014], citing with approval the principle of law enunciated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 Dip Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 
, at paragraphs 27 and 28 thereof:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 \'9327}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6891655 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 Dip Chand v The State}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482  CAV0014/2012, 9th May 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482  this Court [at paragraph 34] held that:
\par \'93Given that the criteria set out in section 7(2) of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 
{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid12599633 Supreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\i\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid12599633  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid12599633 Court Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid12599633  N}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 o. 14 o
f 1998 are extremely stringent, and special leave to appeal is not granted as a matter of course, the fact that the majority of the grounds relied upon by the petitioner for special leave to appeal have not been raised in the Court of Appeal makes the tas
k of the petitioner of crossing the threshold requirements for special leave even more difficult.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6891655 (28)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 The Court continued at paragraph 36:
\par \'93The Supreme Court has been even more stringent in considering the applications for special leave to appeal on the basis of grounds of appeal not taken up or argued in the Court of Appeal. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 Josateki Solinakoroi \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 
 Criminal Appeal No. CAV 0005 of 2005 the Supreme Court of Fiji in an exceptional case took into consideration the principles developed by (the) Privy Council in similar situations and in particular relied on the following observation in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13700201 Kwaku Mensah -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid869760\charrsid6949482 v- The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid6949482  (1946) AC 83:
\par \'93Where a substantial and grave injustice might otherwise occur the Privy Council would allow a new point to be taken which had not been raised below even when it was not raised in the petitioner\rquote s printed case.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13700201 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
However, I am mindful of the fact that this court does not lack jurisdiction to hear new grounds of appeal.  But there are stringent tests or a very high thresho
ld has to be satisfied before leave will be granted by this court on new grounds. At this juncture I wish to cite the principle  of law enunciated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid869760\charrsid5133425 Eroni Vaqewa v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760  [2016]FJSC 12; CAV 0016.2015(22 April 2016 , at  para 28:- 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid869760 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid869760\charrsid2754035 \'85The petitioner did
 have the advantage of very able counsel before the single judge. This ground was not raised in the High Court or in the Court of Appeal. In such circumstances this court would not entertain a fresh ground of appeal unless its significance upon the specia
l leave criteria was compelling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid869760 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid2754035 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
It must not be a routine practice to allow every petitioner to argue new grounds in the Supreme Court which were not taken up before the lower court.  See Balekivuya v State [2016] FJSC 37; CAV 0014.2016 (26 Augus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11755698 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760  2016). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592  In the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592  at hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
 the significance of this new ground cannot be considered as the most exceptional case to grant leave for the reason that the document in question had been tendered at the trial without any objection. Thus this court would not ente
rtain this fresh ground of appeal unless its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760\charrsid9650592 significance upon special leave criteria was compelling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16321531 
  Further it has not satisfied if the ground is not allowed substantial and grave injustice might occur.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid869760 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid9650592\charrsid10452823 Special Leave to Appeal
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 Under Section 98 
(3) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court derives exclusive jurisdiction, to hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court of Appeal. Section 98 (3) thus reads as follows:-
\par \'93(3) The Supreme Court\emdash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9650592 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 is the final appellate court;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9650592 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 h
as exclusive jurisdiction, subject to such requirements as prescribed by written law, to hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court of Appeal; and
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9650592 (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 has original jurisdiction to hear and determine constitutional questions referred under section 91(5)\'94.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9650592 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9650592 Section 7 of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 Supreme Court Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9650592 No.14 of 1998 also becomes relevant. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 \'937 (1). In exercising its jurisdiction under Section 98 [formerly section 122] of the Cons
titution with respect to special leave to appeal in any civil or criminal matter, the Supreme Court may, having regard to the circumstance of the case-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx1985\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 
refuse to grant special leave to appeal;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10894993 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 grant special leave and dismiss the appeal or inste
ad of dismissing the appeal make such orders as the circumstances of the case require; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10894993 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 grant special leave and allow the appeal and make such other orders as the circumstances of the case require.

\par Section 7(2):-
\par In relation to a criminal matter, the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless-
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx1985\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 a question of general legal importance is involved;
\par (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 a substantial question of principle affecting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10894993  the administration of criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 justice is involved; or
\par (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [40] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 
The above Section 7(2) which relates to criminal matters would show that the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal in a criminal matter unless the court is satisfied that a question of general legal importance 
is involved, or a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved or substantial or grave injustice may otherwise occur.
\par 
\par [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 The decisions in this jurisdiction have re-affirmed the position that the criteria stipulated in Section 7(2) of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid9650592\charrsid7670465 Supreme Court Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9650592 
 No. 14 of 1998 are extremely stringent and special leave to appeal should not be granted by this Court as a matter of course.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956504 
\par [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956504 The following observations were made by this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2956504 Dip Chand v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2956504 ; CAV 004 of 2010 (9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2956504 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956504  May 2012) would strengthen the above principle:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894 "....Given that the criteria is set out in Section 7 (2) of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894 Supreme}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894 Court}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9519676 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/sca183/" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f006c0065006700690073002f0063006f006e0073006f006c005f00610063007400
2f007300630061003100380033002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0003}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\ul\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894 Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery568\footery424\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2838354\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894  No. 14 of 1998 are extremely stringent, and special leave to appeal is not granted as a matter
 of course the fact that the majority of the grounds relied upon by the Petitioner for special leave to appeal have not been raised in the Court of Appeal makes the task of the Petitioner of crossing satisfying (sic) the threshold requirements for special
 leave even more difficult."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956504\charrsid9393894 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4658616\charrsid6949482 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4658616\charrsid14956061 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14956061\charrsid14956061 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4658616\charrsid14956061 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4658616\charrsid14956061 Viewed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4658616\charrsid2956504  in the above context }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14551873\charrsid2956504 
and having considered the facts and circumstances of this case together with submissions adv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15611681\charrsid2956504 anced before this court, I am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14551873\charrsid2956504 not satisfied that 
grounds submitted met the threshold criteria spelt out in Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act no. 14 of 1998 against the conviction. Thus the application for leave to appeal against conviction should fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2956504\charrsid2956504   Leave to appeal against conviction is refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4658616\charrsid2956504 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14551873 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2961030\charrsid10452823 The sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid13446926\charrsid10452823 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 By the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\super\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504  Notice of Appeal of the Petitioner received by the Registr
y on 5 January 2019, leave to appeal had been sought on 3 grounds enumerated therein, against the decision of the Fiji Court of Appeal in Criminal Appeal No. AAU 0053 of 2015 of 29 November 2018.  As evidenced by the impugned decision of the Court of Appe
al, they had dismissed the appeal and affirmed the conviction.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 The 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\super\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 nd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504  Notice of Appeal received by the Registry on 26 June 2019 is another notice submitting additional grounds of appeal.  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 too }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 is silent about any grounds of appeal against sentence.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 
The Petitioner when appearing before the single judge of the Court of Appeal had not urged leave to appeal against sentence.  In the written submissions filed by the Petitioner in the full Court of Appeal also nothing has been advanced with regard
 to any appeal against sentence.  Further, it is amply clear from paragraph 7 of the impugned judgment of the Court of Appeal, at the hearing before that Court, the Petitioner had once again confirmed that he was not canvassing the sentence.  The Petition
er\rquote 
s written submissions filed in the Court of Appeal and in this Court also nothing was mentioned with regard to an appeal against sentence.  All above leads to the inescapable conclusion that the Petitioner never canvassed the sentence in the Court of App
eal or here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 
However, at this juncture I wish to state that I am mindful of the recent pronouncement by the Supreme Court with regard to fixing of non-parole period in the case of Nacani Timo v. State CAV 0022 of 2018 dated 30 August 2019 to the foll
owing effect.  In paragraph 54(ii) therein:- 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\cf1\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 \'93
(ii) It is not mandatory for a Court to award a non-parole period to every convict. However, a decision to award or decline to award a non-parole period must be taken by a Court after hearing a convict and the
 decision must be accompanied by reasons, with an economy of words, as a part of a just, fair and reasonable procedure keeping the interests of the convict and society (including the victim) in mind.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 The case at hand can be clearly distinguished fro
m the aforecited case of Timo for the following reasons:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 Timo\rquote s was an appeal against sentence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7556699\charrsid2956504 with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 non-parole period fixed by the Learned High Court Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5447858  which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 
 was affirmed by the Court of Appeal.
\par b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 
In the present case COA whilst specifically stating in paragraph 7, had proceeded to hear only the appeal against conviction lodged by the Petitioner.  Said paragraph states that Petitioner once again confirmed that he was not canvassing the sentence. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7556699\charrsid2956504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504 Whe
n the Petitioner has not canvassed his sentence no necessity would arise to refer the case back to the High Court Judge to address his mind with regard to fixing of the non-parole period.  The impugned judgment of the COA has not dealt with appeal against
 sentence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 In terms of Rule 2 of the Supreme Court Rules, 2016 \endash 
 unless the context otherwise requires \'93appeal\'94 means an appeal to Supreme Court after leave has been granted - Section 98 (4) of the Constitution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 
 As such not only there had been no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 appeal by the Petitioner against sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11470477\charrsid2956504 , even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11470477\charrsid2956504 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504 one of the notices of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11470477\charrsid2956504 appeal lodged in this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5447858  had assailed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10642523  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5447858 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10642523 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404\charrsid2956504  sentence. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 
In a situation where the Petitioner has not canvassed his sentence no necessity would arise to refer the case back to the High
 Court Judge to address his mind with regard to fixing of the non-parole period.  Further, the impugned judgment of COA also has not dealt with appeal against sentence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10903936\charrsid2956504 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11155783 [51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504 
For the above reasons I am of the view that the principle of law enunciated in Timo\rquote s case has no application to a situation where there is no appeal against sentence.  In view of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 analysis spelt out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504  under \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504 Sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504 \'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5447858  in the preceeding paragraphs of this judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504 no nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16599851\charrsid2956504 essity arises to consider granting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16056558\charrsid2956504  leave against sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10903936 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4404845 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 Keith, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10452823 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1258833\charrsid14493172 [52]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
I have had an opportunity to read a draft of the judgment of Ekanayake J.  I entirely agree with her that leave to appeal should be refused, and I add a few words of my own because I approach the appeal from a slightly different angle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [53] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 The core point taken by Kacivakawalu is that the trial judge\rquote 
s finding that his confession was made voluntarily was inconsistent with the agreed medical evidence that there was a contusion on his back.  There are, in my opinion, two problems
 with that argument.  First, the doctor who prepared the medical report on Kacivakawalu which had referred to the contusion was not asked to give evidence.  There was therefore no evidence about how old the contusion was.  It might have predated the arres
t.  Secondly, and more importantly, the judge explained why the presence of the contusion on Kacivakawalu\rquote 
s back did not support his case.  If he had been ill-treated in the way he claimed he had been, his injuries would have been much more serious than they were.  That led the judge to conclude that Kacivakawalu\rquote 
s evidence about his ill-treatment could not be relied upon.  Once the judge had rejected Kacivakawalu\rquote s evidence about how he had been treated by the police, there was no basis for the judge to disbelieve the accounts of the police officers.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [54] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
Kacivakawalu has claimed that the medical report which was put before the High Court was incomplete.  It turned out that what he was really saying was something else.  It was not the case that the medical 
report was incomplete.  Rather that an X-ray had been taken at the hospital to which the police had taken him, and it was that which had not been before the High Court.  This was not a failure on the part of the State to disclose to Kacivakawalu a relevan
t
 document which was in its possession: Mr Burney for the State told us that the police had never had the X-ray themselves.  So the criticism of the judge is limited to the absence of any direction he gave to the assessors about the non-production of the X
-
ray.  Apart from specifically telling the assessors that they were not to speculate about what the X-ray would have showed, it is difficult to see what other direction the judge might have given.  As it was, he warned the assessors that they were not to s
peculate on what the evidence might have been.  That was a sufficient direction on the topic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14354541\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [55] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Although the trial judge\rquote 
s reasons for concluding that the confession was voluntary were clearly expressed by him, the Court of Appeal embarked on a discussi
on about the extent to which a judge in Fiji is required to give reasons for his conclusion on any procedural ruling in general and a ruling following a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  voir dire }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 on the voluntariness or otherwise of a defendant\rquote s confession in particular.  That was becaus
e the single judge had granted Kakivakawalu leave to appeal on the basis that the trial judge may not have given sufficient weight to the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
Nacagi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  [2015] FJCA 156 about the court\rquote s approach when there is independent medical evidence which supports the defendant\rquote s complaint.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 [56]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 In my opinion, what the Court of Appeal said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Nacagi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  does not arise in this case since the trial judge found that the independent medical evidence did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  support Kacivakawalu\rquote s case
.  It was inconsistent with the nature of the ill-treatment to which he claimed he had been subjected.  It was therefore unnecessary for the trial judge to have taken into account what had been said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Naca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid8329807 gi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 .  But I mention it because the Court of Appeal 
thought that there may be a difference between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  Nacagi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  and the later decision of the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Lesi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  [2018] FJSC 23 about the extent to which a judge is required to give reasons for his ruling following a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 voir dire }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 on the voluntariness of a defendant\rquote 
s confession.  Indeed, the Court of Appeal invited the Supreme Court to resolve the issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [57] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 I do not think that we should accept that invitation \endash  not because there is no difference between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Nacagi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Lesi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
 (on which I express no view whatever) \endash 
 but because this is not the case to do so.  For the reasons I have given, the issue does not arise for consideration in this case.  In any event, if the Supreme Court is to embark on a consideration of the topic, it should do so in a case in which b
oth sides are legally represented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075 [58] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
These, then, are my reasons for agreeing with Ekanayake J that leave to appeal against conviction should be refused, and I turn to Kacivakawalu\rquote s sentence.  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329807 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  Ekanayake J has pointed out, he was not seeking leave to appeal against sentence, but the Court noticed that his circumstances were similar to those of the petitioner in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Timo v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  [2019] FJSC 22.  Like the petitioner in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Timo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 , he had had a non-parole period fixed in his case without the judge explaining why it was appropriate to do so.  In those circumstances the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 Timo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
 had remitted the case back to the High Court for it to reconsider whether to fix a non-parole period in his case.  Should not we do the same in this case?  In other words, s
hould we give Kacivakawalu leave to appeal out of time to challenge that aspect of his sentence?  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172 [59]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7606075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 
I do not think so.  Mr Burney pointed out that if we did that the appellate courts would be inundated with applications for leave to appeal out of time
 in cases where the judge had not given any reasons for fixing a non-parole period.  That argument has been accepted in other jurisdictions.  For example, it was held by the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172 HKSAR v Hung Chan Wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14493172\charrsid14493172  (2006) 9 HKCFAR  614 th
at it is only in truly exceptional cases that the time for appealing will be extended on the ground that a subsequent judgment has held that the previous understanding of the law was incorrect.  There is nothing exceptional about this case.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1258833 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1258833 Stock}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 , J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10452823 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11957640 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1258833 
I have read the judgment in draft of Ekanayake J. I agree with her that leave to appeal should be refused.  I have also read the judgment of Keith J and agree with it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10230404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\insrsid8329807 The orders of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\insrsid8329807\charrsid4668157 :-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504 Leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807  to appeal against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504  refused.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504  dismissed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7606075 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504 The decision of the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807 ourt of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807 ppeal dated 29 November 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807\charrsid2956504  affirmed. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8329807 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx5387\tqr\tx9356\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ulthd\insrsid11155783\charrsid1258833 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\tqr\tx9356\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783\charrsid11148649 Hon. Madam Justice Chandra Ekanayake
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11155783\charrsid4668157 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12063234 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ulthd\insrsid11155783\charrsid1258833 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14897338\charrsid11148649 Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155783\charrsid11148649 Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5376297\charrsid11148649 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5376297\charrsid4668157 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\tqr\tx9356\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1474538 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\tqr\tx9356\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ulthd\insrsid1258833\charrsid1258833 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1474538\charrsid11148649 Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14897338\charrsid11148649 Frank Stock}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1474538\charrsid11148649 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1474538\charrsid4668157 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1474538 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6891655 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12063234 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9794304\charrsid7606075 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9198475\charrsid7606075 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12994130\charrsid7606075 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14354541 In Person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14897338  for the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994130\charrsid9198475 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14897338 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9794304\charrsid9198475 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14897338 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16646477 
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