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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par [APPELLATE JURISDICTION]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6782424 riminal Petition No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 C}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6782424 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 V 00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6782424 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6171673 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6782424 9}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid6782424 [On Appeal from the Fiji Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6782424 Criminal Appeal No. AAU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8600614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6782424 00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6171673 96}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid6782424  of 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6782424 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6171673 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid6782424 ]
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2552\li2552\ri0\widctlpar\tx2127\tx2552\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2552\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6171673\charrsid13132986 ALESI NALAVE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 
\par 
\par KELERA MARAMA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 nd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 
Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 THE STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-2552\li2552\ri0\widctlpar\tx2127\tx2552\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2552\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2552\li2552\ri0\widctlpar\tx2127\tx2552\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2552\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Hon. Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2713170\charrsid13132986 Suresh Chandra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 , Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2713170\charrsid13132986 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6171673\charrsid13132986 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Justice}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2713170\charrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6171673\charrsid13132986 Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2713170\charrsid13132986 
, Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986  
\par Hon. Mr. Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2713170\charrsid13132986  Frank Stock, Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 
\par 
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 Mr. S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9976515\charrsid13132986 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 Ratu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9976515\charrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 Mr. T. Lee for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986  Petitioner
\par Mr. L. J. Burney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 for the Respondent 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15208495\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid882445\charrsid13132986 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid13132986 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid882445\charrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892\charrsid13132986 and 25 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid882445\charrsid13132986 October 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889\charrsid13132986 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892\charrsid13132986 1 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4355131\charrsid13132986  2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid732889 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid13132986 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4593539\charrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid15291135 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid732889\charrsid13574404 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5506981\charrsid9976515 Chandra J:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13132986 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 [1] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9051684 I }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11095147 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9051684 read the draft judgment of Stock J and I agree with the conclusion and orders in the said judgmen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 t. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11404451\charrsid12650166  J:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5506981\charrsid12650166 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 [2] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124 I have had an opportunity to read a draft of Stock J\rquote 
s comprehensive judgment.  I agree with it in its entirety.  There is nothing which I can usefully add}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13132986 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5506981\charrsid12650166 Stock J:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2713170\charrsid12650166 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8871889\charrsid12650166 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 [3] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
On the night of 10 June 2004, the operator of a night club in Nadi, Sheryl 
Li, was attacked in the office of that club. Staff found her lying on the floor in a pool of blood. She was unconscious and was taken to hospital. On 15 June 2004 she was flown to New Zealand for hospitalisation but died without regaining consciousness. O
n 18 June, two women were arrested for the killing, Alesi Nalave (\lquote Nalave\rquote ) and Kerela Marama (\lquote Marama\rquote 
). Nalave was then aged 19 years and Marama was aged 20. When interviewed each admitted that she had taken part in an attack upon the deceased on the night in question.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976025 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par [4] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
The proceedings which followed have a tortured history, pockmarked by extraordinary delays, such that the hearing this month of the petitions filed by Nalave and Marama has taken place over fifteen years since their arrest and six year
s since they were sentenced in the High Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
In August 2005, they pleaded guilty in the High Court to the murder of Sheryl Li but the guilty verdict which was then entered was set aside by the Court of Appeal in 2008 on the ground that their pleas had not been entered voluntarily.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976025 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
A retrial commenced in October 2012. The defendants pleaded not guilty. However, after a few witnesses had testified, that trial came to a halt because counsel for the defendants was suspended from practice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976025 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 The sec
ond retrial, with which the present petitions are concerned, commenced in September 2013. Again, the defendants pleaded not guilty. On 24 September 2013, the assessors were unanimous in finding the two defendants guilty of murder, a finding with whi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8547028 ch the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 agreed. Accordin
gly, on 25 September 2013 they were each convicted. Each was sentenced to life imprisonment. In the case of Nalave, an order was made that she serve a minimum term of 6 years; in the case of Marama a minimum term of 4 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976025 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Both women sought leave of the Court of Appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
to appeal the convictions. The hearing before the single judge for leave was on 2 December 2014. The ruling granting leave is dated 19 June 2015. Two years passed before the hearing of the appeal in August 2017. By a judgment dated 14 S
eptember 2017, the appeals were dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10976025 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
On 15 October 2017 Nalave filed her petition to this Court for special leave to appeal the judgment of the Court of Appeal. It has taken a further two years for her application for leave to result in a hearing before this Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986\charrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13132986 [5] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 When Nalave\rquote s petition came bef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892 
ore this Court for hearing on 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
 October 2019,  we were under the impression that Marama had filed no petition and that we were concerned with the case of Nalave alone. An application was made that
 day by Ms Ratu who appeared on behalf of Nalave for an adjournment to allow her to study new material which had come to the attention of Mr Burney, for the respondent, which he had quite properly disclosed to her, namely, an email purporting to summarise
 
the conclusions drawn by a pathologist in New Zealand who had performed a post mortem on the body of Ms Li. That apart, Mr Burney for the State expressed concern about the fact and impact of dock identifications of both Nalave and Marama at trial, a conce
r
n which this Court shared, and drew to our attention certain other features of the evidence which, he suggested, were troubling. Ms Ratu had already arranged to see Ms Marama in conference on 18 October, with a view to seeking leave to file a petition out
 of time and advancing arguments on her behalf. In those unusual circumstances, the Court adjourned the hearing to 25 October. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [6] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 In the event, Marama has filed a petition by which she seeks leave to appeal the judgment of the Court of Appeal out of tim
e. She wrote to the Supreme Court Registry on 2 October 2017 indicating her intention to appeal but she was told that her letter did not constitute a petition because it was bereft of grounds. She did not take the matter any further because, she now says,
 she did not know what grounds to file and because she hoped for a Presidential pardon. Mr Burney does not oppose the application to extend time. She was represented before us by Mr Lee.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [7] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 There was a question whether Nalave filed her petition for leave
 within the prescribed period, but that question is resolved in her favour because it is accepted that her original petition was filed in time but has gone astray.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
The issue at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [8] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
That Ms Li was unlawfully killed inside her nightclub on 10 June 2004 was not in issue at trial. The issue was the identity of her assailant or assailants. It was common ground that Nalave was at the nightclub on the night in question but her defence was 
that she never entered the office and had nothing to do with the attack. Marama\rquote s defence was an alibi, that she was not at the nightclub at all that night.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
The evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [9] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 Because, as we shall later see, the ultimate disposal of these petitions turns on
 that part of the testimony at trial which was untainted by irregularities and material omissions in directions, it is necessary to rehearse the evidence in some detail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (a) Ms Vugatoko
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [10] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
Evidence was adduced from a friend of Nalave, Ms Vugakoto, that 
she and Nalave and others went to the nightclub at about 8pm on the night in question. Nalave carried a mobile telephone and had a face towel wrapped round her hand. At the club, they played billiards. Then Ms Vagutoko\rquote 
s boyfriend Dean arrived. Ms Vugakoto testified that at about 9.30 pm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892 , Nalave asked who was the boss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
 of the club and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892 that she was told that the boss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
 was a Chinese lady. Nalave asked where the office was and Ms Vugatoko said it was at the back of the premises.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [11] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 Ms Vugatoko then left the 
club for a short while and when she returned, Nalave was nowhere to be seen. Ms Vugatoko searched for her to no avail. Finally Ms Vugatoko left the club with Dean at about 11pm and on the way home noticed that Nalave was following her and was perspiring. 
Nalave was carrying her phone and the tea towel was wrapped around her neck. She asked Nalave where she had been, saying she had searched for her three times in the ladies\rquote  toilet but at first there was no response. They then went to Dean\rquote 
s home. There, Ms Vugatoko told Nalave to change but instead Nalave borrowed an iron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15812892 to iron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
her clothes. Nalave went to the bathroom and Ms Vugatoko heard the sound of scrubbing and when Nalave emerged her clothes were wrinkled and wet. Nalave stayed the night and left in the morning.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [12] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
In cross-examination on behalf of Nalave, she accepted that when asked where she had been whilst Ms Vugatoko was searching for her, Nalave said she had been telephoning her father. In re-examination she said that immediately after that 
question had been posed, there had been no response but that the suggestion that she had been phoning her father came later before they reached Dean\rquote 
s home. It was also put to her that Nalave had never asked after the boss of the night club and that Ms Vugatoko had never mentioned that to the police, a matter which Mr Burney has suggested merits examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
(b) The security guard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [13] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 A security guard who had been on duty at the club also testified. He had not seen either Nalave or Marama previously but 
in a dock identification at trial he identified both as having been present at the club on the night in question. His evidence was that they arrived together at about 7pm and they were carrying a file. He spoke to them and they asked to see the boss. One 
o
f them said they had come to apply for a job. He directed them to the manager. The next time he saw them was at about 11pm when they left the club. One of them had blood on her shoes and a tea towel wrapped around her hand. When he tried to stop her, she 
pushed him and ran away. He identified that person as Nalave. The other woman was carrying a plastic bag and she forced her way out. He identified that person as Marama.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
(c) The pathologist\rquote s report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [14] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 A report by a pathologist who had carried out the post mortem in Auckland was admitted in evidence by consent. It disclosed multiple injuries on the deceased\rquote 
 s face and head, which included a linear fracture of the skull and a stab wound to the abdomen. T
he pathologist concluded that the deceased had received a heavy blow or blows to the right side of her face and head which resulted in the skull fracture and brain injuries. Death was caused by the head injuries.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (d) Ms Nalave
\rquote s confession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [15] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 The offi
cer who interviewed Nalave was Detective Constable Tacikalou. At the outset of his evidence, he testified that he had received three commendations from the Police Commissioner and had served on two overseas missions. In the summing up the judge reminded t
he assessors of these facts, adding that \'93he is an officer with unblemished record.\'94
 I note that the evidence of a number of police officers who testified for the prosecution was introduced by reference to the fact and number of police commendations received. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [16] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 Nalave was interviewed by the police on 18 June. In the course of that interview, she at first said that she had met a man called Tomasi at the club and he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11560225 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 said that she should stand guard whilst he stole money from the office; that she stood
 guard and saw a Chinese lady enter the office. Tomasi had called Nalave in to the office. She went in and heard the Chinese lady ask Tomasi what he was doing there. At this stage of her narrative, the interview was interrupted for about an hour and upon 
i
ts resumption she confirmed that in the interim she had told the police that her story about Tomasi was false. It was then that she admitted that she had taken part in the attack on Ms Li. She said that she had spoken to Marama at the club and that Marama
 
said that she was at the club intending to steal money from the office. Marama went into the office and Nalave waited outside. Nalave then went to the toilet and when she emerged she saw Ms Li enter the office and she followed her in. Marama asked Ms Li w
hether she had been going out with Marama\rquote s boyfriend, pulled the lady\rquote 
s hair and punched her. Nalave then saw Ms Li lying on the ground and Marama suggested that they should render her unconscious. Each took hold of a bottle of liquor and hit her on the he
ad. Nalave did so once. The bottom of the bottle used by Nalave broke on impact. The point of rendering Ms Li unconscious was, she said, to ensure that she could not identify her assailants. Nalave then took a bag containing coins, as well as a wallet fro
m a ladies\rquote  handbag, wiped a blood stain from a table in the office, went to the toilet in the club, removed some cards from the wallet, hid the wallet and then left. When she left, her hand was wrapped by a towel so as to conceal the stolen coins.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (e)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15938635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Ms Marama\rquote s confession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [17] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
Marama was interviewed on 19 June 2019. She said that she had never visited the club before 10 June. That night, she went there at about 10pm and there came a time when she heard her name called. It was Nalave, who then told her 
that she should do something to the Chinese lady. She saw the Chinese lady lying on the floor and she struck her twice on the back with a bottle which Narave had handed to her. They were in the room for about 15 minutes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [18] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11560225 At a voir dire in 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 , Nal
ave challenged the admissibility of the confession on the basis that it had been secured as a result of violence and threats but the challenge was unsuccessful. Marama also unsuccessfully challenged the admissibility of the evidence of her confession.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (f
) Defence evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [19] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
Nalave testified in her own defence saying that although she was at the club on the night Ms Li was attacked, she had nothing to do with the attack. The only reason she was not seen by Ms Vugatoko for an extended period in the cour
se of the evening was that she was outside using her telephone. She did not see Marama at the club that evening. She said that she had showered and washed her clothes after arrival at Dean\rquote 
s house but said she did so only because she had been perspiring. She alleged that her confession had been extracted as a result of a beating and threats.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [20] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
In cross-examination, she asserted that she had talked to her father on the telephone for about half an hour and then just sat outside waiting for others. When it was put to her that she must, according to her testimony, have waited outside for about two 
a
nd a half hours, she accepted that to be so. She denied that she had gone out of the club to meet Marama and then re-entered the club with her. It was also put to her in cross-examination that on 11 June, she had visited a hospital in Lautoka with Marama 
because Marama had sustained an injury the night before. She denied that to be so. No evidence was led by the prosecution of that visit or its purpose. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8999576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [21] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 Marama\rquote s evidence
 was that she had been with Nalave earlier in the day.  They had purchased some fish together. Then she had to work. She finished work at 5pm. Later, she went to Lautoka where she worked as a waitress at a nightclub between 7pm and 2am. It follows, accord
ing to this account, that she was nowhere near Ms Li\rquote 
s nightclub on the night of the killing. She had served a notice of alibi on 18 September 2013, that is two days after the trial commenced and later than the time prescribed for service of such a notice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 
What relevant time frame applied is not clear. The trial judge referred in his summing up to section 234 of the Penal Code in force before 2009 which prescribed 14 days from the end of the preliminary inquiry and then to section 125 of the Criminal Proce
dure Code which prescribes a period of 21 days after an order for transfer to the High Court or, where no such order had been made, at least 21 days before the date set for trial. Presumably in this case the Penal Code provisions applied in which event it
 is difficult to see why section 125 was mentioned or what provision the assessors were asked to apply. But, in the event, in the case of Marama, nothing in this application for leave turns on the point.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576  Marama called no witnesses in support of her alibi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid6358377 
Conviction and appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11560225 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [22] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 The assessors unanimously expressed the opinion that Nalave and Marama were guilty of the murder of Ms Li, a finding with which the trial judge agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358377\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [23] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 On 19 June 2015 the single judge granted Nalave and Marama an extension of time in which to appeal and leave to appeal the convictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358377\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [24] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 It is unnecessary to repeat the grounds or arguments advanced before the Court of Appeal, save to say that they included the contentions that the dock identification ought never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9793862 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 h
ave been admitted in evidence; that the judge failed to direct the assessors to consider the inconsistencies between the witness statement of the security guard and his testimony; that there was an unsatisfactory direction relating to the alibi notice; th
at the non-pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9793862 oduction of exhibits, such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 blood-stained shoes, rendered the convic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9793862 tions unsatisfactory; and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 
the evidence of an interviewing officer that he had received commendations was inappropriate and that the trial judge should have directed the assessors accordingly.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6358377\charrsid8999576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [25] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 None of these arguments found favour with that Court and the appeals were dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid6358377 
The new material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5967139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [26] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 What was disclosed by Mr Burney to Ms Ratu, for Nalave, shortly before the hearing on 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid8999576 October 2019, was an email dated 21 June 2004 from a detective sergeant in Auckland to the police in Fiji. It refers to the post mortem exa
mination of the deceased by Dr Koelmeyer, the pathologist, performed on 16 June 2004. The officer recites his understanding that a female was currently under suspicion for the killing but had not yet been located and that no other person was being sought 
in relation to the murder. He had been informed that the weapon used was a 375ml beer bottle. In so far as is material to these petitions for leave, he then stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 During the post mortem examination it was evident that the victim had suffered massive head
 trauma. Most notably were the lacerations to the right side of her head, bruising to her right ear, a deep laceration to the back of her head and a laceration above her right eye. \'85 The base of her skull was fractured transversely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \'93I informed Dr Koelmeyer the circumstances of the assault, he is of the belief that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
The injuries sustained by the deceased were inflicted with a piece of wood or similar weapon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 That a knife was possibly involved with the assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
That one or more persons was involved with the assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
That a great deal of force was used to inflict the injuries sustained. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 More force that (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
sic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 ) could conceivably be inflicted by a woman. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
The injury pattern on the right side of the head matches the defence bruising on the right arm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Due to the major discrepancies that have arisen by comparison related to me by Ravi and the findings by Dr Koelmeyer, I will require the following information t
o enable Dr Koelmeyer to make an informed decision based on the evidence he has found, compared with the evidence compiled by the Fiji Police.\'94 (I have added the emphasis). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 He then asks for photographs of the scene, examiners notes, a summary of the investigation to date and a list of exhibits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5967139 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 The petitions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [27] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 
We have two amended petitions filed on behalf of Nalave. Taken together with the two sets of written submissions filed, they contend on her behalf that the Court of Appeal failed to recognise th
e significance of the failure to produce certain exhibits at trial; should have, but did not, address a complaint about the joint enterprise direction at trial; erred in its finding that the judge\rquote 
s directions as to the approach to be taken to the confessions was adequate; erred in upholding the dock identifications by the security guard; and failed properly to assess the effect of the pathologist\rquote 
s report. The oral submissions on her behalf mostly concentrated on the suggested impact of the newly disclosed material which is said to be significant in the assessment that the injuries could not conceivably have been inflicted by a woman. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2704230 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid2704230 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [28] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 The amended petition on behalf of Marama, taken together with the submissions filed, assert that the admission of th
e dock identification evidence, as well as the differences in accounts offered by the security guard, render her conviction unsafe; as does the effect of the pathologist\rquote s report and the newly disclosed email from New Zealand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid481602 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 
The dock identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid481602 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967139\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5967139 [29] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid2704230 
The dock identification of the petitioners by the security guard ought not to have been permitted. Identification was squarely in issue in the case in relation to both petitioners. It was in issue in the case of Nalave because her defence was that who
ever it was the guard saw coming into the club with a file and asking for the boss, who later, with blood on her shoes, pushed him and ran away, was not Nalave. It was in issue in the case of Marama because her defence was that she had never been to that 
club before and was not there on the night Ms Li was killed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5659736 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid2704230 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [30] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The danger inherent in a dock identification is obvious. It is that \'93a defendant occupying the dock might automatically be assumed by even a well-intentioned eye-witness to be the person wh
o had committed the crime with which he is charged.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 Archbold 2018 [14-61] by reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166\charrsid13191665 Tido v The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166  [2011] 2 Cr App R 23}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [31] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 We must proceed on the basis that there h
ad been no identification parade attended by this witness. That is because had he then identified either petitioner, that evidence would have been adduced and had he not, those acting for the petitioners at trial would have been informed accordingly. In t
his context, it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9793862  pertinent to note that when Marama\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
 interview resumed on 20 June 2004, it was put to her that she had been identified during \'93the Identification Parade.\'94 She was then asked what she had to say about that and she replied that she had alre
ady admitted her part in the offence. The next question was: \'93Did you ever see the security officer inside the Frequency Lounge?\'94 and her answer was \'93No\'94
. In combination, the reference to an identification parade followed immediately by the question whethe
r she had seen the guard at the club might suggest that he had attended an identity parade at which he had identified her. But this reference to an identification parade remains a mystery which counsel before us were unable to resolve. Absent evidence of 
t
hat parade, or of an admission by her that she had indeed been identified at such a parade, this assertion of a positive identification of Marama ought to have been edited out. Its effect is prejudicial and it has no probative value and the inclusion in t
he evidence was therefore irregular.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [32] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 This was not the first dock identification of the petitioners by the guard. The same had happened at the trial in October 2012. Indeed, in his 2013 testimony he said that he had seen Nalave during the previous cou
rt case the year before. What is particularly significant about his 2012 testimony is that he said that he had seen the two women when they were brought to the club by the police \'93
to show the Police officers what they had done on the night the murder happened.\'94
 That fact did not emerge at the 2013 trial. To have the petitioners identified by a dock identification at all when identity was in issue was a material irregularity but for that evidence to emerge and be laid before the trial judge and assessors wit
hout them knowing that the identifying witness had seen the two women in the custody of police officers at the club during a reconstruction of the crime is additionally troubling, for an identification in such circumstances is also tainted by its highly s
uggestive setting. In the event, what was presented to the 2013 trial court was an identification by the guard on the day he testified which, as far as that court knew \endash 
 unless the court had drawn an impermissible conclusion from the reference in one of the
 interview records that there had been an identity parade - was the first time since 2004, apart from a sighting at court the previous year, that the witness had been asked to identify the two women who had drawn his suspicion on the night of the killing.
 And it was a dock identification.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [33] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 In his summing up, the trial judge summarised the evidence of the security guard including his identification of them. \'93If you accept his evidence,\'94 said the judge, \'93
the prosecution wants to draw the inference that both accused were there in the night club at the time of the incident. If you only accept part of his evidence that 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 st}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  accused [Nalave] came, then that corroborates the earlier evidence of [Ms Vugakoto] that 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 st}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  accused came.\'94 In relation to the evidence 
of all the lay witnesses, he gave a suitable warning to bear in mind that the events in question took place nine years previously and that allowances for fading memories should be made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [34] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 In relation to identification he said this: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \'9330.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Apart from th
e elements of the offence, the identity of the person who alleged to have committed the offence is very important. There must be positive evidence beyond reasonable doubt on identification of the accused-persons and connect them to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4736008 offence that they alleged to ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 ve been committed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 31.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Evidence that the accused has been identified by a witness as doing something must, when disputed by the accused, be approached with special caution because experience has demonstrated, even honest witnesses have given ide
ntification which have been proved to be unreliable. I give you this warning not because I have formed any view of the evidence, but the law requires that in every case where identification evidence is involved, that the warning be given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2312709 32.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 In assessing 
the identification evidence, you must take following matters into account:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Whether the witness has known the accused earlier?}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
For how long did the witness have the accused under observation and from what distance?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (iii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Did the witness have any special reason to remember?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 In what light was the observation made?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (v)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Whether there was any obstacle to obstruct the view?\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [35] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 After conclusion of the summing up, counsel for the petitioners sought re-directions. According to the judge
\rquote s notes, they included a re-direction in relation to the dock identification of Marama by the security guard, as to which the notes say: \'93Dock identification of second accused by second lay witness has very little weight.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [36] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The Court of Appeal addressed the dock identification issue. They said that it did not add anything to the case against Nalave. They correctly noted that the judge failed to point out any weaknesses in th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4736008 e identification testimony and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 that dock identification is \'93suggestive and highl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4736008 y prejudicial to the accused, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 However,\'94 they added, \'93
the discretion to allow dock identification lies with the trial judge after weighing its probative valu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4736008 e over its prejudicial effect (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 Wainiqolo v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  unreported Cr App No AAU0027 of 2006; 24 November 2006.\'94 The Court added:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \'93In the present case, Mr Ulunikoro\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 Mr Ulunikoro was the security guard}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166  initial identification of the appellants was not a fleeting glance. He had an opportunit
y to observe both appellants on a number of occasions when they were in the club on the night of the alleged incident. He even had a conversation with the women when they arrived at the club. No objection was taken to the admissibility of dock identificat
ion of the appellants by their respective trial counsel. In any event, the prejudicial effect of the first time dock identification diminished when the learned trial judge told the assessors to attach little weight to the dock identification.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par 
\par [37] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 Whilst it is correct that a trial judge has a discretion to allow a dock identification, I endorse the suggestion by the editors of Archbold 2018 that \'93
in practice the exercise of such a discretion should not even be considered unless the failure to hold an identification procedure was as a result of the defendant\rquote s default.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 Ch. 14-59}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
There was, as far as the evidence established, no identification parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
there was no suggestion that either petitioner had refused to attend one. Even had there been an iden
tification parade at which the security guard had been asked if he could recognise anyone, it would have been a worthless exercise if it had taken place after the security guard had seen the accused persons in the custody of the police as suspects. In so 
far as it lay within the power of the trial judge to permit the dock identification \endash  we do not know whether it merely emerged to his surprise \endash  he ought not to have permitted it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par [38] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The evidence having emerged, the direction to the assessors in relat
ion to it was, with respect, inadequate. They ought, in my judgment, to have been told to put it out of their minds altogether with an explanation of why it was particularly dangerous to place weight on a dock identification. What the assessors were left 
with was a general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 Turnbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
 style warning with no attempt to marry that warning to the evidence in the case and the circumstances of the identification. Even if, contrary to my opinion, it had not been necessary to direct the assessors to put it out of thei
r minds with a suitable explanation of why that was so, saying that they should attach to it very little weight would only suffice if they were told }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 why }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 they should attach only very little weight to it. And the direction as to questions they should ask the
mselves, such as what was the lighting like, was fine as far as it went but was divorced from any reference to what answers to those questions were suggested by the evidence and from several factors in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 case which might impact on the reliability of the
 identification, such as the fact that (on the evidence before the court) eight or nine years had passed before the guard had identified the two women and that the witness statement he had made two days after the killing was noteworthy for the absence of 
any account involving suspicious activity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393817 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
two women. These factors may or may not have undermined the reliability of the identification but if there was to be any reliance at all on the guard\rquote s identification, they had, in fairness to the accused, to be 
drawn to the attention of the finders of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393817 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [39] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
The point is well made by the Court of Appeal that defence counsel took no objection to the dock identifications. His failure to do so is puzzling but it does not cure the irregularity occasioned by its occurrence or the defects in the summing up to which
 I have referred. The judgment delivered on 25 September 2013 is brief and, given the judge\rquote 
s concurrence with the verdict of the assessors, does not go into any detail and therefore contains nothing which alters the impact of those defects on the safety of the convictions, a subject to which I must later return.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid481602 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 The guard
\rquote s inconsistent accounts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid481602 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [40] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 Mr Burney has drawn to our attention an aspect of the evidence which, I note, was addressed by the Court of Appeal. It is the marked difference in the accoun
t given by the security guard in his witness statement dated 12 June 2004 and his evidence at the 2013 trial. It will be remembered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15361306 See paragraph [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166  above}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  that in his evidence he spoke of the two petitioners approaching him together, carrying a file a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16464202 nd asking to see the boss, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 then later rushing out, both shoving him aside, Nalave with blood on her shoes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [41] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 In his witness statement, there was no mention of a woman other than Ms Vugatoko and a female accompanying her. The narrative in that stat
ement is of a girl entering the club with Ms Vugatoko. He says in terms that that girl and Ms Vugatoko \'93came together.\'94 There is nothing about speaking to two women or girls, nothing about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085072  carr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16464202 ying a file, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
nothing about anyone asking to see the boss. In his statement he said that at one stage he saw Ms Vugatoko }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid928720 together with Dean and someone called Niraj but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid928720 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 the other girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid928720 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 . He asked her about \'93the other girl that they came together and [Vugatoko] said she did not know her.\'94
 Ms Vugatoko was later searching for the girl. \'93I told her that she might be still inside the lounge. \'85 After a while they were coming back, the two men and [Vugatoko] without the other girl.\'94 He then describes Ms Vugatoko asking 
for the girl and him suggesting that she search the toilet. \'93After a while I went inside and I met this girl near the main entrance inside the Lounge wrapping his hand with [a] piece of cloth.\'94
 There is nothing about two girls pushing him aside; nothing about blood stained shoes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [42] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
In cross-examination, the differences put to him were limited. Counsel concentrated on the fact that in his statement he had mentioned only one girl apart from Ms Vugatoko and had said nothing about anyone looking for a job. The guard explained the omissi
ons put to him on the basis that the police did not take d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 own ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15671376 erything he had told them, with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3085072  the implication that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085072 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 told them about the second gir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 l }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085072 (a girl }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 apart from the girl who came with Ms Vugatoko)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 
t that that was not recorded. On one reading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637  I had thought that the reference in his statement to the girl whom Ms Vagutoko did not 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3085072 know might be a reference to that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637  extra girl }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16464202 
(a girl other than the one with whom Ms Vugatoko had arrived) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 but on a re-reading, I am satisfied that this is not so; and
 in any event, in cross-examination he accepted that in the written statement there is reference to only four persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15671376 . In the context of the questions and his answer, that meant only}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637  Vugatoko, Dean, Niraj and one girl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [43] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The judge reminded the assessors about one suggested discrepancy, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16464202 namely, that in the statement the security guard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 had not mentioned anyone looking for a job. He did not aver to somewhat more significant differences, most particularly the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 reference }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15671376 in the statement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 to only one g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15671376 irl apart from Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5316637 Vugatoko, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
absence of any suggestion in the statement which, if true, went to the heart of the investigation under way when the statement was taken, namely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361306 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736  that on the night the owner of the club was killed, two women}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16006840 , carrying a file }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
 had asked him for the boss, that the same two later pushed past him in a rush and that one of them wore blood-stained shoes. These were hardly matters of fine detail. They were the only suspicious events of the evening and highly suspect
 at that. It is of course not incumbent on a judge to remind the assessors of all the evidence but given the challenge to the reliability of his testimony, the starker differences }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361306 or omissions 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 needed to be addressed, with an appropriate reminder as to how 
they were or were not explained. That said, the judge referred in general terms to the fact that there were inconsistencies and that it was for the assessors to decide whether to accept his evidence or part of it beyond reasonable doubt. We cannot know th
e basis upon which the assessors resolved this point and the judge did not address these remarkable omissions in his judgment. Absent an explanation, it is difficult to see how this issue was resolved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [44] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The Court of Appeal correctly commented that it was not accurate to assert, as was asserted in the grounds of appeal, that the judge failed to direct the assessors to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15361306 consider the inconsistencies. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 The Court also said that cross-examination had extracted little of significance and in terms of the questio
ns asked in cross-examination, that is true. But the differences were to be examined not merely by reference to the cross-examination but also by reference to the very obvious and major differences when compared with the statement itself, which was in evi
dence. The Court noted that amongst the reasons why a court might not attach much weight to \'93minor discrepancies\'94, were the facts that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361306  witness could not be expected }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 to have a photographic memory, that powers of observation differ from person to person, th
at time estimates are difficult, and  that sequences can readily be mixed up. With respect, none of those reasons was at play in the case of the guard\rquote 
s witness statement and his evidence. Apart from the fact that the differences were not minor, the point 
in the instant case, not mentioned as a measure of reliability, is that a statement made close to the time of the key events is, absent a good explanation to the contrary, liable to be more reliable than one made years after. And the statement made two da
y
s after the events in question made no mention of the key incriminating alleged facts offered by this witness at trial. It may be that the explanation lay in the condition in which the guard may have been when making his statement for he said in evidence 
that he was \'93having grog\'94 when the police took him to the station, a piece of evidence of which the judge reminded the assessors. But this was not the guard\rquote 
s explanation, was not explored and no police officers were called to corroborate his asse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361306 rtion that the statement was not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 complete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15361306  record of what he had told them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 
, a step that could properly have been taken given the contention that his testimony was a subsequent invention, a contention that could not have taken the prosecution by surprise for the issue was bound to arise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid5659736 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [45] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid5659736 In and of itself, this issue might not suffice to bring into serious question the safety of the conviction of either petitioner but it materially undermined the reliability of the guard\rquote 
s testimony, even putting aside the irregularity constituted by the dock identification, and the failure to direct that the significant differences between the guard\rquote 
s evidence nine years after the event and a statement made two days after the event were such as to warrant especial caution was i
tself a material omission. Put together with the problem stemming from the dock identification, it was in my judgment unsafe to rely on his evidence at all. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid481602 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
Mutually inconsistent confessions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid481602 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [46] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 The fact that the confessions of the two petitioners cannot both be correct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 for they conflict in highly material aspects }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 - is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
 surprisingly, not the basis of a ground of appeal, nor raised before the Court of Appeal. I say \lquote surprisingly\rquote  because the contradictions stand out on a first reading. This fact was one of the matters of concern which Mr Burney ment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 ioned to us at the hearing on 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
 October and, given that the State has raised it, and that it may go to the safety of one or more of the convictions, to ignore it on the basis that it is not advanced as a ground of appeal would be to permit form to prevail over the interests of justice.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [47] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 The differences may be highlighted as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Nalave said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3504598  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 in her interview that it was Marama who called to her; that Marama was angry about a suggested friendship between Ms Li and Marama\rquote 
s boyfriend and said she intended to steal. She had stolen there twice before; whereas Marama said in her interview that it was Nalave who had called to her; that Nalave had told her to \'93do something to the Chinese lady\'94
; and that she, Marama, had never been to the club before.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Nalave said in her interview that Marama went in to the office first; that she waited outside; that Ms Li went into the office; that she followed, saw Marama punch Ms Li, saw the lady lying on the floor and then at Marama\rquote 
s suggestion, each hit her with a bottle to render her unconscious; whereas the effect of Marama\rquote s account is that she, Marama, only
 struck the lady when she had seen her lying face down on the floor, was given a bottle by Nalave and struck the deceased twice on her back. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Nalave said in her interview that Marama had been wearing a black top, black jeans and a pair of black flip flops; whereas Marama said that she had been wearing a pink top and blue jeans. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par 
\par 
\par [48] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 As Mr Burney correctly pointed out, both accounts cannot be true. That of itself is not necessarily problematic since it is common for suspects who admit complicity in an
 alleged offence to seek to minimise their roles by suggesting that the other suspect was the prime mover. The question therefore is whether there is something in this particular case which renders the incompatibility of those accounts material to the saf
ety of the conviction of either petitioner and, in particular, what directions were given and what findings were made in the light of these mutually inconsistent accounts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [49] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
In his summing up, the judge provided a standard direction in relation to each alleged confession that if the assessors were satisfied that the statement under caution was made freely and not as a result of threats or assault \'93
then you could consider the facts in the statement as evidence.\'94 \'93Then,\'94 he continued, \'93
you will have further to decide whether facts in this caution interview statement are truthful. If you are sure that the facts in the caution interview are truthful then you can use those to consid
er whether the elements of the charge are proved by this statement.\'94
 There is a complaint that he did not then say in terms that if they were not satisfied that the statements were voluntary they should ignore it. Whilst it is desirable for that to be said
, I do not consider the omission fatal in this case, for that consequence is implicit in what was said. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [50] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 There was, however, no reference in the summing up to the fact that both accounts could not be true and no direction as to what findings, in the light of that fact, were open to the assessors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid481602\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 [51] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 The direction to the assessors, in relation to their approach to each interview statement, was that if they were sure that \'93the facts in the caution interview are truthful then you can use those to con
sider whether the elements of the charge are proved by this statement.\'94
 As a general proposition, such a direction is unimpeachable but in the peculiar circumstances of this case, it was a misdirection unless accompanied by a warning that it was not possib
le to find all the facts in both statements to be true. The assessors ought to have been directed that in such circumstances it was open to them:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
to conclude that neither statement could be relied upon, bearing in mind in particular that the onus of proving their reliability lay upon the prosecution; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid481602 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid481602  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
to conclude that each statement was true in so far as it contained an admission against interest which was not contradicted by the other statement; in this case that meant that it was open to them t
o conclude, subject to the issue of voluntariness, that each was true in so far as each admitted an assault on the deceased. Such a direction would have been accompanied by an explanation that admissions against interest, if made voluntarily, are more lik
ely to be true than exculpatory statements or statements in mitigation of criminality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par 
\par [52] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 There was a further course theoretically open, which was to find one cautioned statement true and the other not, but there was no evidential foundation for such a 
conclusion wherefore it was not an option to leave for consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [53] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
The matter does not end there because even had the judge drawn the attention of the assessors to the options open to them in light of the mutually inconsistent confessions and told them that it was open to them to find the non-contradictory parts of a par
ticular defendant\rquote s statement true, it would then have been incumbent on him to direct them that they had then to consider the impact of those limited parts on the verdict appropriate to that defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [54] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 That approach has a particularly significant be
aring on the case against Marama. Her confession, if true, amounted to no more than an admission that once the deceased was already on the floor, lying face down, she hit her twice with a bottle on her back. Although, according to this version of events, 
Ms Nalave had earlier said that they were to \lquote do something\rquote 
 to the Chinese lady, there is no admission that that included either an attack to cause her death or serious harm or that such a possibility was in contemplation. That is highly material because, u
nder the law as it stood at the date of the killing, neither petitioner was guilty of murder unless as a principal she had attacked the deceased intending to cause her death or to cause her grievous bodily harm or was an aider and abettor to such an attac
k with the requisite mens rea or was a joint offender acting pursuant to the formation of a common intention to prosecute an unlawful purpose in the prosecution of which purpose the offence of murder was a probable consequence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 Sections 21 and 22 of the Penal Code, in force at the time of the killing; subject matters covered to much the same effect by sections 45 and 46 Crimes Act 2009}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [55] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 Aiding and abetting was not relied upon or referred to. The judge referred to joint enterprise in his summing up bu
t did so in standard generalised terms without reference to how the principles applied to the evidence in this case and in particular did not direct them, by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 an express }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 reference to the limited scope of Marama\rquote s participation described in her confession, that they could only convict her of murder if they were sure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 either that she attacked the deceased with an intention to cause death or grievous bodily harm or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
that she was party to a common purpose the probable consequence of the pursuit of which was an attack with intent to cause death or to cause grievous bodily harm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 See sections 199 and 202 of the Penal Code in force at the time of the killing  of the deceased.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
 In the circumstances of this case, these were material non-directions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
Commendations and unblemished records }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [56] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 I have earlier referred to the evidence given by the officer who interviewed Nalave that he had received three commendations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8547028 
Paragraph [15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166 ] above}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
 In addition, I note that the evidence of the investigating officer, detective Mahand Chand, who was present during part of the interviews of both petitioners commenced by telling the trial court that he had received four commendations \'93
for murder and robbery with violence uses investigations.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [57] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 Such evidence should not normally be adduced. The only conce
ivable objective in doing so is to bolster the credibility of the witness testifying but that line of thinking is not logical. The evidence of a police officer is to be approached in the same manner as the evidence of a lay witness, to be tested by factor
s germane to the case at hand. If it were otherwise, then it would supposedly mean that in a case where a police officer\rquote s testimony is contradicted by a lay witness whose working life has not lent itself to public commendations, the officer
\rquote s evidence, per
haps given years after his commendation for, say, an act of bravery, would by reason of the commendation alone be preferred to that of the layman. That cannot be right.  No doubt many police officers take their public duties seriously and are truthful wit
n
esses but, as in all walks of life, some may in a particular case provide evidence that is not reliable. Whether that is the case or not in a particular instance is tested by examination and cross-examination of relevant evidence and a commendation is not
 normally relevant to the issue of credibility.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8547028 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [58] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 In this case the judge saw fit to remind the assessors, immediately before asking them to address the issue of voluntariness, that the officer who interviewed Nalave was \'93an officer with 34 years experi
ence with unblemished record.\'94
 The implication was that his evidence was, for that reason, likely to be creditworthy. What the judge ought, rather, to have told the assessors, given that the evidence of commendations had emerged, was that that was irrelevant to the issue of the offi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8547028 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 er\rquote s creditworthiness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [59] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 This issue formed a ground of appeal before the Court of Appeal but is not specifically addressed by that Court\rquote s judgment. In my judgment the ground of appeal had merit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
Non-disclosure of the email of 21 June 2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [60] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 We were asked by counsel for the petitioners to infer that the injuries disclosed in the pathologist\rquote 
s report which was produced at trial could not have been caused by the attack with bottles to which the two petitioners referred in their interviews. That point was neither taken at trial nor on appeal and this is not the forum for determination of such a
n issue but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8547028 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907  in any event, that inference is not open on that evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [61] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 That said, the email of 21 June 2004 from the police in New Zealand to the police in Fiji should have been disclosed well before trial. The failure to do so is yet another irregu
larity but the question is whether in reality it might have assisted the defence in their conduct of the trial. That is an irregularity which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 is now possibly germane only to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907  the case of Nalave since, for reasons which I will provide, my opinion that Marama\rquote s conviction must be quashed rests on other grounds entirely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [62] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
The suggestion in the email that no woman could conceivably inflict the force which occasioned the injuries to the deceased is, on its face, surprising but, that aside, the email was not itself a report by Dr Koelmeyer and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907  even putting that fact aside, he
 appears to have been working on the basis then presented that only one woman was suspected and that none other was being sought.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [63] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 It seems to me that even if Dr Koelmeyer had indeed said that no woman could conceivably have inflicted the injuries di
sclosed by the post mortem examination, he was most unlikely to have proffered an opinion helpful to the petitioners if asked to assess whether the injuries were consistent with an attack by two women with bottles which were used with intent to render the
 victim unconscious and struck with such force that the bottles broke. I am satisfied that in the event, no injustice was occasioned by the non-disclosure of the email.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
Consequences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [64] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 In the light of the material irregularities, mis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 directions and non-
directions which I have itemised, it seems clear to me that Nalave should have leave to appeal and that Marama should have leave to appeal out of time; and that the hearing of their respective applications for leave should be treated as the hearing of the
ir appeals. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124  The ground on which I would grant leave in each case is that otherwise a grave and substantial injustice may occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7548907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [65] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 It is necessary now to address the consequences of these irregularities, mis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 directions and non-directions, most particularly the question whether notwithstanding the points decided in favour of the petitioners, no miscarriage of justice has occurred.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid9462370 
(1) The case of Marama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [66] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 The consequences of the unsatisfactory features of the trial and summing up which I have specified are easier to resolve in the case of Marama than in the case of Nalave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9462370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [67] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 In the case of Marama, the evidence of the security guard, for reasons I have given, falls to be ignored. That leaves only her co
nfession. All that the judge said in that regard was that if the assessors found it to be true, they could use it to consider whether the elements of the offence charged were proved. Yet if her confession was true, it was not enough to establish that she 
was guilty of murder. Her confession, in so far as it did not conflict with Nalave\rquote 
s statement, amounted to no more than an admission that once the deceased was already on the floor lying face down, she hit her twice on her back. That was neither sufficient to establish an intention on her part to kill the deceased or to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 cause her grievous bodily harm }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
or that she was party to a common purpose the probable consequence of which was an attack with either intention. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9462370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [68] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 Mr Burney does not seek to support the
 conviction in her case. We have not been asked to consider substituting a conviction for manslaughter, an issue which would, in light of the limited terms of the confession, give rise to questions of causation which we would not be in a position to deter
mine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9462370\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [69] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 There is no basis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 in her case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
upon which to apply the proviso and accordingly the conviction for murder in the case of Marama cannot be sustained. I would allow her appeal, set aside the order of the Court of Appeal dismissing her appeal to that Court and set aside her conviction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9462370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [70] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 
We canvassed with counsel the question whether, in such an eventuality, it would be appropriate to order a retrial. Mr Burney drew our attention to the fact that Marama has now served almost eleven years of her sentence but, more to the present point, a
 retrial would not result in the presentation of admissible evidence any different from that which was advanced at the trial in 2013. As I have already explained, that evidence is not sufficient to support a conviction for murder. Mr Burney does not seek 
an order for retrial and I am satisfied that the interests of justice do not warrant such an order. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid9462370 
(2) The case of Nalave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid1255297 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [71] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid7548907 Nalave is in a different position for, ignoring the testimony of the security guard, the evidence against her was that of Ms V
ugatoko and of her confession which contained an admission that she struck the deceased on the head with intent to render her unconscious, an admission the reliability of which is untainted by the conflicts between her confession and that of Marama.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid7548907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [72] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Mr Burney expressed some reservation about the reliability of Ms Vugatoko\rquote 
s testimony. On the face of the notes of evidence, I see nothing in her testimony which is inherently improbable or contradictory. He said that in her witness statement she had not mentioned t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 
hat Nalave had asked after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
boss of the nightclub. This fact was put to her in cross-examination and she said that she had told the police that, but it does not appear that the statement was admitted in evidence. However, it is in the Cou
rt of Appeal bundle which we have and her evidence was, apart from that omission, consistent with that statement.  Also in the bundle is the record of her evidence in the 2012 trial where there is a more marked discrepancy in that she said in 2012 that af
ter she and Dean went home, Nalave arrived there an hour later. She was not cross-examined about that and her testimony in 2013 that Nalave accompanied her and Dean home not only accords with her w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 itness statement but also with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Nalave\rquote s confession. Whilst i
t is noteworthy that her evidence that Nalave asked after the boss was not mentioned in her statement and that the security guard\rquote 
s evidence about the women asking after the boss was also not his statement, I do not think that that renders Ms Vugatoko\rquote s evidence as a whole untrustworthy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [73] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Her evidence, if believed, is corroborative of the confession in its reference to a prolonged absence of Nalave, the sweaty condition of Nalave on leaving the club, and the fact of washing her clothes at Dean
\rquote s house and is further inculpatory in that part which says that Nalave asked after the boss. As far as the evidence revealed, there is nothing in Ms Vugatoko\rquote 
s testimony or that of others to suggest any reason for treating her evidence with particular caution. T
here is no suggestion that she was or might have been complicit in criminality that evening or that, otherwise, she had an interest to serve in testifying against Nalave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [74] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 The judge told the assessors that if they only accepted part of the security guard\rquote 
s evidence, namely, that Nalave came to the club, that corroborated the evidence to that effect by Ms Vugatoko. Whilst, for reasons I have provided, the guard\rquote 
s evidence should not have been relied upon, the fact that Nalave came to the club with Ms Vagutoko was not in dispute, so this comment by the judge does not affect the safety of the conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [75] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Nalave\rquote s confession, if true, and in so far as it is not inconsistent with the account in Marama\rquote s confession, goes materially further than Marama\rquote 
s in proving complicity in murder. In the course of that confession she said that she saw a struggle between Marama and the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 , saw the deceased lying on the floor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  and that Marama \'93told me to do something to her to be unconscious.\'94 The officer asked: \'93What did you do to make her unconscious?\'94 She answered: \'93We grabbed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 bottle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5509953  each to hit the Chinese lady.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  Then a little later:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 Q138.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Can you tell me on which part the Chinese lady\rquote s b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 ody you hit with the bottle?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 On the head.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 139.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Can you tell me as on which part of her head you hit her with the bottle? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Yes I hit her on the right side of her head.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 Q140.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 How many times you hit her head? }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
I hit her only once on the head and the bottom part of the bottle broke.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [76] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 She went on to say that Marama had struck the lady first. Then this exchange:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
147 Can you explain to me where was the Chinese lady lying after you and [Marama] had hit her inside the office?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
She was lying on the floor with her head facing towards the carton placed beside the brown cupboard with her legs towards the office door.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 Q 148.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
What then you did when she was lying on the floor? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
I looked at her and knew she was unconscious and I put the bottle I had used on the floor near to where her leg was lying.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 Q149.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 How did you know she was unconscious? }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12393770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
Because [Marama] told me for us to hit her head and ensure that she become unconscious so that she cannot explain who hit her.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 She later said that she and Marama had spent 20 minutes inside the office.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 
\par 
\par [77] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 There can be no doubt but that Nalave\rquote 
s confession is a confession to an unlawful assault with an intention to cause grievous bodily harm and given that death resulted, it is a confession to the offence of murder as that was then defined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid604002  I reco
gnise that in the passages to which I have referred, she paints Marama as the prime mover, the initiator, and that that conflicts with the confession of Marama but what does not conflict with it is her admission that she struck the deceased on her head wi
th a bottle with such force that the bottle broke and that she did so in order to render the deceased unconscious. what stand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  That confession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid604002 of an involvement in an attack in the office of the club }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 was supported to a material degree by the testimony of Ms Vagutoko.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid604002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [78] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
The ultimate question which therefore presents itself for determination is whether this Court can safely conclude that had the assessors been adequately directed to ignore the evidence of the security guard and the evidence of commendatio
ns and been given appropriate directions in relation to the fact of mutually inconsistent statements, they (and the judge) would inevitably have concluded that Nalave\rquote 
s confession in its material part was voluntary and reliable. To pose that question is to
 recognise the relevant irregularities, misdirections and non-directions and to address the proviso to section 23(1) of the Court of Appeal Act. It is the crucial question to ask in Nalave\rquote s case because \endash  in addition to Ms Vugatoko\rquote 
s evidence, which does not prove guilt on its own - it is the confession which is the only relevant evidence against Nalave left for consideration after putting aside the evidence which ought not to have been relied on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [79] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 I have concluded that the admissible evidence going 
to the question of voluntariness is compelling and that had the appropriate directions been given, the assessors and the judge would nonetheless inevitably have been driven to the conclusion that the confession was voluntary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [80] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 The petitioner\rquote 
s evidence was that she was beaten and threatened. The force used was heavy, she said. The questions recorded were not hers and the answers attributed to her were not uttered by her. The interviewing officer, named Lepani, just wrote it. Ind
eed, it had been put to that officer in cross-examination that he had forced Nalave to provide Marama\rquote s name and that he had taken Nalave to see Marama before the interview commenced. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1255297\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1255297 [81] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 There was an exception however to the suggestion that she had volunteered none of the information recorded in the interview record. It was she who had volunteered the name of Tomasi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12650166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12650166 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12650166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5514002 See paragraph [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12650166  above}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
 and she had done so because she was in such pain as a result of the beating she had recei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 ved at the hands of the police, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 that she had to tell them a lie to stop them beating her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [82] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 There are cogent inherent improbabilities in her account and in the c
ontention put on her behalf that the police forced the name of Marama upon her. If the police objective was to force her to name and incriminate Marama, and to concoct an account that only Nalave and Marama were involved in the attack on the deceased, it 
would have been odd indeed not only to include in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 record of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
interview the allegation about Tomasi but also to interrupt the interview in order to check the veracity of that allegation. That they did check that story is not only recorded in the record of
 interview but more significantly for present purposes by the evidence of a Ms Fong who was called as a witness for the prosecution to say that she was familiar with everyone who lived in Votualevu where, according to the record of Nalave\rquote 
s interview, Nala
ve had said she played volleyball with Tomasi. Ms Fong said that not only was there no such person in Votualavu but that on 18 June 2004, the police had contacted her to ask about Tomasi, that she told them she knew no-one by that name and that, in connec
t
ion with this inquiry, she had seen Nalave at the police station in Nadi on 18 June. That in turn accords with that part of the record of interview which speaks of a confrontation that day between Nalave and Ms Fong. It is also noteworthy that Ms Fong sai
d
 in evidence that when she saw Nalave at the police station, Nalave looked normal and she saw no injuries. If, as Nalave suggested, she had only volunteered the name Tomasi because she was then in such pain as a result of a beating, it is unlikely that sh
e would have appeared normal to Fong a short while afterwards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [83] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Furthermore, the fact is that Marama was not arrested until 19 June 2004, the day after Nalave is said to have implicated her in the course of the interview. It is suggested in the interv
iew record that it was as a result of the confrontation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 with Ms Fong (and another person) and during that confrontation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  or after it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  but before the interview resumed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  that Nalave first mentioned Marama, referring to her as Kelera. The record suggests that the police officer then asked her:\'94
Where can we get Kelera?\'94, to which Nalave answered: \'93She works for Bollywood Niteclub Lautoka\'94. The interview was then suspended for the day. Marama was arrested, according to the evidence at trial, in the afternoon of t
he following day, 19 June. It asks too much of credulity to imagine a concoction of these questions and answers. They sit naturally in themselves and with undisputed evidence of events consequential upon answers in the interview.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [84] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 The record of the i
nterview (or interviews, for the questioning did not all take place in one session) is long and in question and answer form, 264 questions and answers in all, and in its flow and detail sits ill with a concoction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [85] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 It can further be said that had it been the police objective to concoct incriminating stories by the two suspects, they are unlikely to have concocted two inconsistent accounts. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [86] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 These factors ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 art, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
Nalave was seen by a doctor on 20 June and the medical report disclosed no injuries to support the account of a heavy assault. That in itself is not at all conclusive of the matter but is a relevant fact to take into account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [87] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 For these reasons, I am persuaded that a finding of voluntariness of Nalave\rquote 
s confession would be an inevitable conclusion, even without the support which might be gleaned from the inadmissible or otherwise tainted evidence. In this regard, I take also int
o account such prejudice as might be said to have been occasioned by the suggestion put in cross-examination of Nalave, unsupported by evidence, that she had visited a hospital in the company of Marama on 11 June 2004. The question ought not to have been 
put.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [88] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 The issue of voluntariness does not finally dispose of the proviso question for there remains the issue of reliability of the confession, particularly in light of the fact that both confessions \endash 
 those of Nalave and Marama - cannot in their entirety be true. But in this regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
 it is noteworthy that the conflict presents itself in those sections which seek to shift prime responsibility on the other. The statement by Nalave that she struck the deceased on her head with an intention to render her u
nconscious is not in that vein and as an admission against interest, is more likely to be true than the exculpatory or mitigatory parts. Accordingly, I am also satisfied that a finding that that key part of the confession was reliable and true was inevita
ble.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [89] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 
In the result, whilst I would grant Nalave leave to appeal the judgment of the Court of Appeal and treat the hearing of the application for leave as the hearing of the appeal, I would in her case apply the proviso to section 23(1) of the Court
 of Appeal Act, as applied to the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3504598 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307  and dismiss her appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13132986\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11993307 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739\charrsid11993307 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 [90] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 The result which I propose for these appeals \endash  that the appeal is allowed in Marama\rquote s case but not in Nalave\rquote s \endash  may to the layman seem incongruous. But it is incumbent on the
 courts to decide cases according to the admissible evidence against each defendant separately and if, as in this case, the untainted and admissible evidence against one of two defendants is inadequate to prove the charge against that defendant, but suffi
c
es to prove the same charge against the other, that difference must be reflected in the outcome.  The result for which I contend in the case of Nalave is not incongruous with the result which I propose for the case of Marama. It is a consequence of a mate
rial difference between the admissible evidence in the two cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid11993307 Delay}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8811739 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124 [91]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 I cannot leave this case without saying something about its history of delay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124 [92]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 
In sentencing the petitioners in 2013, the trial judge noted the very long delays in the case
 up to that date. That trial took place nine years, no less, after they had been arrested. While the record shows that there were periods when the petitioners could not be found or did not appear on remand dates, the record which I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5514002\charrsid16006840 perused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 
suggests that in the case of Nalave, those periods were short. Nalave has now faced three trials. The result of the first trial was set aside and the reason for that order did not lie at the door of either petitioner. Why it then took seven years before t
he commencement of the second trial is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1912418\charrsid16006840 not apparent from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 
 any of the papers I have seen. The fact that the second trial miscarried was also not the fault of either Nalave or Marama. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124 [93]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 
In setting minimum terms, the judge appears to have taken the delays
 into account. But since the imposition of sentences in October 2013, a full six years has passed. It took four years for the appeals to be heard and that was almost two years from the time the single judge granted leave. It has taken a further two years 
from the time Nalave filed her petition for the hearing before this Court to take place, by the time of which hearing Nalave had spent in the region of 10 years in custody.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13003761 [94]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid16006840 
The fact that her conviction has been affirmed does not derogate from the str
ess and anxiety that delays occasion. It is to be hoped that that fact and this history will be placed before those in whose hands lie the decision as to the appropriate release date in the case of Nalave. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9051684 [95]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9051684 
There is one further matter which warrants mention.  It has been brought to my attention that it may sometimes be thought that where there has been an unsuccessful appeal against conviction or sentence, the minimum term of imprisonment specified by the se
n
tencing judge only takes effect from the date upon which an appeal is finally determined.  If that is the understanding, it is incorrect.  A minimum term is to be calculated as from the date of sentence and not from the date on which an appeal is determin
ed.  In Nalave\rquote 
s case, sentence was passed on 2 October 2013, so that she has now served the minimum term of six years specified by the judge when passing sentence upon her.  It is therefore open to her to apply now to the Mercy Commission to recommend her release. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8811739 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Orders}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 The petitioner Nalave is granted leave to appeal the judgment of the Court of Appeal dated 14 September 2017;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 The hearing of Nalave\rquote 
s application for leave to appeal is treated as the hearing of her appeal; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Nalave\rquote s appeal is dismissed. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
The petitioner Marama is granted leave to appeal out of time against the judgment of the Court of Appeal dated 14 September 2017;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 The hearing of Marama\rquote 
s application for leave to appeal is treated as the hearing of her appeal; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 Marama\rquote 
s appeal is allowed and her conviction by the High Court dated 25 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14961124\charrsid12650166 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166\charrsid12650166 
 2013 for the offence of murder is set aside.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12650166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid13070008 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9333\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\ulthd\insrsid8529225\charrsid8009751 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid9976515 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid282984 Mr. Justice Suresh Chandra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Judge of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9976515 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9333\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\ulthd\insrsid8529225\charrsid8009751 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid9976515 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 Mr. J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid12873335 ustice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid15938635 Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Judge of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9976515 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9333\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\ulthd\insrsid8529225\charrsid8009751 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5387\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid9976515 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid12873335 Mr. Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid282984 Frank Stock}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Judge of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9976515 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8529225\charrsid8529225 Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-630\li630\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid8811739 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8529225 
\par 
\par 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid282984 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid8009751 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid282984 State
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\insrsid282984\charrsid732889 
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