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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9521746 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid15935223 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521746\charrsid9521746 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid15935223 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 CRIMINAL PETITION No: CAV 0017.2018
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 (On Appeal from Court of Appeal No: AAU 00}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid9521746 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 .201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid9521746 4}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 )
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10882399\charrsid15935223 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10882399\charrsid15935223 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13439387\charrsid9521746 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387 AISAKE  NAULUMOSI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12203480 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13439387\charrsid9521746 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387 THE STATE
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9521746 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9521746 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8927920 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521746\charrsid9521746 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9521746   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387 Hon. Mr. Justice Saleem Marsoof, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2184777\charrsid13439387 Judge of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387  the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9521746 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9521746 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387 
on. Mr. Justice Kankani Chitrasiri, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387  Ms. T. Lee with Mr. K. Prasad for the Petitioner
\par Ms. J.  Prasad for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid479874\charrsid13439387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387  18 October 2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid9521746 Date of Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521746 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid13439387  November 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13439387\charrsid13439387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\ul\insrsid10882399\charrsid15935223 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13439387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10314793\charrsid10882399 Marsoof J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid10882399 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2184777\charrsid10882399 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10882399\charrsid10882399 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid10882399 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid10882399  
read through the judgment of my brother Justice Brian Keith in draft, and I agree with his reasoning and conclusions.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8483605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10314793\charrsid10882399 Keith J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid10882399 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2184777\charrsid10882399 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9076342\charrsid9987755 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9076342 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2184777\charrsid9987755 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8486275\charrsid10882399 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid10882399 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9076342\charrsid10882399 case raises a practical probl
em which arises not infrequently.  A doctor has prepared a medical report for use in court proceedings.  By the time the trial takes place, the doctor has left Fiji.  Whether his departure is permanent or temporary, he is not able to give evidence, and hi
s report is inadmissible as hearsay.  This case illustrates the solution to the problem which Fiji has come up with.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid10882399 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8486275\charrsid10882399 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid10882399 The petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9076342\charrsid10882399  is Aisake Naulumosi.  I trust that I shall be forgiven for referring to him by his family name from now on for convenience.  He faced charges in the High Court relating to sexual of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid10882399 fences against his partner\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9076342\charrsid10882399 daughter \endash  one count of rape and two counts o
f indecent assault.  The count of rape and one of the counts of indecent assault were contrary to the relev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2885229\charrsid10882399 
ant provisions of the Penal Code as the offences were alleged to have taken place before its repeal, and the other count of indecent assault was contrary to the Crimes Decree (as the Crimes Act 2009 was then called) as it was alleged}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9076342\charrsid10882399  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2885229\charrsid10882399 to have ta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2964249\charrsid10882399 
ken place after the Decree came into effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2885229\charrsid10882399 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2964249\charrsid10882399 
  Two of the assessors expressed the opinion that Naulumosi was not guilty on any of the counts.  One of the assessors disagreed, and expressed the opinion that Na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2964249\charrsid10882399 lumosi was guilty on all counts.  The trial judge, Kumarar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid10882399 atnam J, was satisfied of Naulum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2964249\charrsid10882399 osi\rquote s guilt on all three counts, and accordingly convicted him on those counts.  In due course, he sentenced Naulumosi to 13 years\rquote  imprisonment for the rape, and to 3 years\rquote 
 imprisonment for each of the two indecent assaults, those sentences to be served concurrently with each other making 13 years\rquote  imprisonment in all, with a non-parole period of 10 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid10882399 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10882399\charrsid10882399 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 Naulumosi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid13435355 applied to the Court of Appeal for leave to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7215215\charrsid13435355 ppeal against his conviction and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid13435355  sentence.  The single judge refused leave to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 ppeal, and Naulum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid13435355 osi renewed his application for leave to appeal to the Full Court.  The Full Court (Chandra, Gamalath and Rajasingh
e JJA) dismissed the appeal.  The Court did not say in so many words whether it was refusing leave, or granting leave but dismissing the appeal.  Nothing turns on that, though the fact that it talked of dismissing the appeal suggests the l}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 atter.  Naulum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid13435355 osi no longer pursues any appeal against sentence, but he no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 w petitions the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9789856\charrsid13435355  for special leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 
 against conviction.  This is the court\rquote s judgment following the hearing of his petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1835894\charrsid13435355 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1835894\charrsid9987755 The filing of the petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1835894 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1835894\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1835894\charrsid13435355 
A petitioner has 42 days from the date of the decision of the Court of Appeal to file his petition for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.  The decision of the Court of Appeal in this case was dated 8 March 2018.  Accordingly, the petition had t
o be filed by 19 April 2018.  It was not filed until 25 June 2018.  The last few days of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 at can be ignored because Naulum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1835894\charrsid13435355 osi\rquote s petition (which he drafted himself) was dated 20 June 2018, and on the assumption that it was handed to the prison authorities t
hat day, it took a few days for it to reach the Registry of the Supreme Court.  But even then it would have been over two months late.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}Naulumosi\rquote 
s counsel, Mr Thompson Lee, told us that the reason why the petition was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid13435355  not filed earlier was because N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 aulu
mosi had been waiting for the court records.  It was only when they did not arrive that he decided to draft the petition himself.  The court records were with the Legal Aid Commission, but we were not told whether the Legal Aid Commission accepted that th
ey had been requested by Naulumosi, (ii) if they had been requested, when that request had been received, and (iii) if it had been received, whether the Commission had indeed not provided them to Naulumosi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 In these circumstances, it is difficult for us to decide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355 
whether the fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1248673\charrsid13435355 ilure to comply with the rules wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355 
s excusable or inexcusable.  But the delay was not that long compared with the del}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2583492\charrsid13435355 ay in other cases, and the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355  has not said that it has been prejudiced by knowing of the petition two months 
later than would otherwise have been the case.  In the circumstances, the court should, I think, consider the merits of the appeal, because if they are compelling, the court may well enlarge the time for filing the petition,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3151426\charrsid13435355  even though it is unable to say whether the delay has been excusable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid13435355 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3151426\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3151426\charrsid13435355 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1850168  should add one thing to that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 
 Mr Lee told us that if someone is represented by the Commission in the Court of Appeal, the Commission will always advise the defendant after judgment has been given whether there are grounds for seek}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14626980\charrsid13435355 ing special leave to appeal to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773066\charrsid13435355 
 the Supreme Court.  If there are, the Commission will draft the petition.  If there are not, it will not draft a petition, and the Commission will leave it to the defendant to take such course as he or she chooses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3151426\charrsid13435355   This rather gives the game away.  The court will be able readily to infer the private advice the Commission gave from whether the petition was draf
ted by it or by the defendant in person.  Although undesirable, that may be inevitable, but it is something the Commission should think about.  What Mr Lee added was that if the defendant decides to draft a petition to the Supreme Court despite the u}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14626980\charrsid13435355 nfavourable advice he or she may have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3151426\charrsid13435355 
 received about the chances of success, the Commission will then represent them at the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid291620\charrsid13435355   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1835894\charrsid13435355   }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid13435355 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 The brief facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8486275 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6053398\charrsid13435355 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355 In view o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1248673\charrsid13435355 f the issues which arise on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8486275\charrsid13435355  appeal, the facts can be summarised relatively briefly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355   Naulumosi was 44 years old when he was tried in 2013.  By 2003 he had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355 been living with the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355 \rquote s mother for 5 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid13435355  \endash  they were to marry in 2007 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355  and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355  girl
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7503360\charrsid13435355 who was born in August 1996 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355 regarded him as her stepfather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid13435355  even before 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355 
.  The three of them were living together at Nasoki with one of her brothers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355 .  The girl\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466117\charrsid13435355 
s evidence was that one afternoon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355  in 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466117\charrsid13435355  when she would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355  either 6 or 7, and her mother was away in Suva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466117\charrsid13435355  and her stepfather was looking after them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9521172\charrsid13435355 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466117\charrsid13435355 her stepfather }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid13435355 
had brought her home from hospital.  There was no evidence about why she had been there.  When they got home, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4466117\charrsid13435355 
called her to come into the room where he was.  He then began to touch her and take off the underclothes she was wearing.  He then got her 
to lie down and after taking off his pants he lay on top of her and put his penis into her vagina.  It was very painful and she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 
crying, but she accepted that she never called for help.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224591\charrsid13435355 She was not able to say how long that lasted, but not long after, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12733266\charrsid13435355 he stood up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224591\charrsid13435355 and went out of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733266\charrsid13435355 room.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid224591\charrsid13435355 She acknowledged that she had not told her mother about it when she returned from Suva.  She claimed that that wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12733266\charrsid13435355 
s because she was frightened that her mother would not believe her and would be angry with her, presumably for telling lies about her partner.  That was the incident to which the count of rape related.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4145368\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145368 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7503360\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7503360\charrsid13435355 
In 2005 the family moved to Kinoya and continued to live there until 2007.  On one occasion while they were living there, her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 step}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7503360\charrsid13435355 father came into her bedroom.  She was unable to say when that was, but she said that she was 13 at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355 time.  That cannot be right:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7503360\charrsid13435355  in view of her date of birth she must have been 8, 9, 10 or 11 depending on when this happened.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 
  This time he touched her all over, including her br
easts and vagina.  She did not say whether this was over or under her clothing.  She agreed that she did not call out, but claimed that that was because she was scared that he might get angry with her.  Again she did not tell her mother about it.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105675\charrsid13435355 She did not say why that was, but she did say that her stepfather had told her not to tell anyone what had happened.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 That was the incident to which the first of the two counts of indecent assault related.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid13435355 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7282975\charrsid13435355 From Kinoya the family moved to Nabua.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105675\charrsid13435355   On one occas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355 ion in 2011 when the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2105675\charrsid13435355  would have been 14 or 15,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid13435355  her father abused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105675\charrsid13435355 
 her again.  This was the incident to which the second of the two counts of indecent assault related.  She was wearing a T-shirt and shorts at the time, and he touched her breasts and vag
ina over her clothes.  She said that she did not call out because she was scared that he might do something else to her.  Nor did she complain about what had happened to her moth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid13435355 er.  Again she said that she had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2105675\charrsid13435355  scared that her mother would not believe
 her.  But she must have had second thoughts about telling someone about what had happened because that year she told one of her schoolteachers about what had been going on.  She did not sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16661686\charrsid13435355 y in her evidence how long before that this incident had taken place, but it was following her disclosure to her teacher that the matter was reported to the police.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid13435355 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1405371\charrsid1850168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid1850168 The girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16661686\charrsid1850168  was 17 years old by the time of her stepfather\rquote s trial.  In the course of her cross-examination, she said that her stepfather had been \'93doing it frequently\'94
.  Indeed, later in her cross-examination, she said that it had happened 13 times.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid1850168   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid1850168 
he prosecution did not put the case against Naulumosi on the basis that the counts in the indictment were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid1850168  representative counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid1850168 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid1850168 Indeed, none of the three counts stated that they were representative counts, which section 70(3) of the Criminal Procedure Decree}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid1850168  (as the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 was then called)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid1850168 
 required to be done if a course of conduct was being alleged.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896196\charrsid1850168 Maybe that was because the possibility
 that there had been other occasions when she had been abused only came out in her cross-examination.  What she said about that, therefore, should be put to one side.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1850168\charrsid1850168 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 Naulumosi elected to give evidence at his trial.  He denied all the allegations.  He said that they just did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 
happen.  His and the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 \rquote s evidence was so different that it could not be attributable to a mistake on her part.  Either he or she was lying. 
 He could offer no explanation for why she might be telling lies about him, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 his wife }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 and his niece }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 confirmed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 
in their evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 that he looked after the girl very well and loved her.  The judge must have been sure that it was she who was telling th
e truth to have convicted Naulumosi on all 3 counts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 The grounds of appeal against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10628857 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1850168 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857\charrsid9987755 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755      }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 Inconsistencies in the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 
.  The sole ground of appeal in the Court of Appeal was that the trial judge had not given sufficient weight to inconsistencies in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 \rquote s evidence and to inconsistencies between her evidence and the evidence o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 f o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755 ther witnesses.  The Court of Appeal was unimpressed with that contention, and that was the basis on which the appeal against conviction was dismissed.  This ground of appeal was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755  relied upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1276671\charrsid9987755  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 
 the petition or in the written submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755  in support of the petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 
(which were drafted by counsel other than Mr Lee).  Although Mr Lee said in his oral submissions that he wanted nevertheless to resurrect the argument, he did not develop the point at all \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755  no doubt because he had other new points}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 , and maybe Mr Lee thought that it would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755  tactically unwise to press too many}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755  of them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 
.  We therefore put that point to on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755 e side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 
: the decision of the Court of Appeal on the point speaks for itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10628857 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6189750\charrsid9987755 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755      }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8927920 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755 The dates in the counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 .  The girl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755  had not been able to ident
ify the dates when the three incidents she spoke about had happened.  Accordingly, the three counts did not assign specific dates to them.  Instead, a period during which each particular incident took place was identified in each count.  In the count}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791\charrsid9987755  of rape, the period was 1 Janua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755 ry 2003 to 31 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 December 2003 as the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755 
 had said that the incident occurred in 2003.  In the first count of indecent assault, the period was 1 January 2005 to 31 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 December 2007 as the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3953376\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791\charrsid9987755 had said that the incident had occurred wh
ile the family was living in Kinoya between 2005 and 2007.  In the second count of indecent assault, the period was 1 January 2011 to 18 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 eptember 2011 as the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791\charrsid9987755  had said that the incident had occurred in 2011, and the witness statement of her teacher had given 19 September 2011 as t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 he date on which the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791\charrsid9987755  had told her what was supposed to have happened.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6698791\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755 Mr Lee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755  contends that all this placed N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755 
aulumosi at a significant disadvantage.  It prevented him from being able to defend the charges properly.  Without knowing with greater specificity when the incidents were alleged to have taken place, he was not able to say whether he had an alibi for the
 day in question, and was not able to call witnesses who might have been able to say that on the day in question they were at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 the family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755 home and nothin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1405371\charrsid9987755 g of the kind alleged by the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755 
 had occurred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7951559\charrsid9987755   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755 This is an entirely new ground of appeal.  It was not ra
ised in the Court of Appeal, and as everyone knows, the Supreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755  Court will not allow new ground of appeal to be advanced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755  unless they are truly compelling, and that a miscarriage of justice might otherwise occur.  Indeed, it was not mentioned either in the 
grounds for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court or in the written submissions in support of the pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2583492\charrsid9987755 ition.  So counsel for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755 , Ms Jayneeta Prasad,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685\charrsid9987755  did not even know that this was to be one of the arguments until the day of the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9267685 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755 Ms Prasad argued that the lack of specificity about the dates might have been material if, for example, Naulumosi\rquote 
s defence was one of alibi.  Since his defence was that nothing had happened at all, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755  that the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755  was making}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755  things up, the actual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 
 dates when the incidents took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755 place were immaterial.  I do not agree.  It was because Naulumosi did no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 t know when the incidents took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755 place that he could not say, for example, that he was elsewhe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 re at the relevant time.  Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755  his defence was that n
othing happened, the lack of specificity over the dates meant that he was hampered in his search for evidence to support his account, whether evidence about where he was on the day in question or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 evidence from others about their presence in the family home at the relevant time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11551648\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11551648 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12869493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12679323 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 ince the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7951559\charrsid9987755 
 was unable to recall when the inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2583492\charrsid9987755 idents took place, it was just not possible for the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7951559\charrsid9987755 
 to ide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 ntify when they occurred with any greater specificity.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 But leaving that aside, Mr Lee\rquote 
s new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 argument is more fanciful than real.  First}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 ly, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7951559\charrsid9987755 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 alleged rape and the first all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7951559\charrsid9987755 
eged indecent assault had occurred so long before the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755  that it would have been difficult, if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 
not impossible, for Naulumosi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 to recall where h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 e had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755  during the period in question if a shorter period had been specified, or for potential witne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 sses to recall whether they had been}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755  at the family home on the day in question if a particular day had been specif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 ied.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 Secondl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 y, Naulumosi\rquote 
s legal team knew before the trial started (a) broadly speaking when the rape was alleged to have occurred and (b) precisely when the second of the two indecent assaults was alleged to have occurred.  As for the alleged rape,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755  had said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755 in her witness statement (served on the defence well before the trial) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 that it had occurred during term 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755 of her school year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4941863\charrsid9987755 while her mother was in Suva.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755   It is true that she did not say in her witness statement how long her mother had been in Suva, but Naulumosi\rquote s legal team was in touch with the girl\rquote 
s mother: she was called as a witness for Naulumosi.  Her evidence was that she had been in Suva for a week, and that information would presumably have been known to the defence before the trial.  If anyone could have h
elped on when in 2003 that had been, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755  would have been the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755 \rquote 
s mother.  As for the second of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2583492\charrsid9987755 he t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755 wo alleged in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 decent assaults, the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755 \rquote s teacher had made a witness statement which had also been served on the defence well before the trial.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755   In that statement, she said that on Monday 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 9 September 2011 the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755  had told her that her stepfather had raped her, and that he had done so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2583492\charrsid9987755  on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10313450\charrsid9987755  the previous Thursday, ie 15 September 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2168004 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2168004\charrsid9987755 For these reasons, the way the argument was developed cannot reall
y help Naulumosi, but the argument has nevertheless highlighted a problem which other jurisdictions have grappled with but which Fiji, so far as I can tell, has not.  That problem relates to the disadvantages faced by defendants who are tried many years a
fter the relevant events took place.  That commonly happens in historic sex cases, but the problem is not nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 essarily confined to them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755   The possible disadvantages were spelled out in Part 1 of the Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 Compendium entitled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1401667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755  \'93Jury and Trial Management and Summing Up\'94
 issued by the Judicial College for England Wales in June 2018 at p 10-16 as follows (in which V refers to the complainant and D the defendant):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6053398\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1800\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1800\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 \'93
The passage of time may also have put D at a serious disadvantage. For example (again depending on the evidence in the particular case):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid670035 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \li1800\ri1152\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin1152\lin1800\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 D may not now be able to remember details which could have helped his/her defence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Because, after all this time, V has not be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8606322\charrsid9987755 en able to state exactly when and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8606322\charrsid9987755 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8606322\charrsid9987755 
or where D committed the crimes of which D is accused, D has not been able to put forward defences, such as showing that he/she could not have been present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 
 at particular places at particular times, which D may have been able to put forward but for the delay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid670035\charrsid9987755 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 
D has not been able to call witnesses who could have helped his/her defence because they have died / cannot be traced / cannot now remember what happened.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}
D has not been able to produce documents which could have helped his/her defence because they have been lost / destroyed / cannot be traced.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 
In an extreme case, the remedy for that is to stay the proceedings, but that is a course of last resort and in the overwhelming majority of cases such disadvantages as the defendant may be under can be catered for by a suitable direction in the judge
\rquote s summing-up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755   Blackstone\rquote s Criminal Practice 2016 at para D3.79 contains an accurate summary of when a direction about those disadvantages is required:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6510731\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 \'93In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755  [1998] 2 Cr App R 161 at p 168,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755  the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 said that a direction on delay \lquote 
is not to be regarded as invariably required except in cases where some significant difficulty or aspect of p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 rejudice is aired or otherwise becomes apparent to the judge i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 n the course of the trial\rquote .  However, \lquote 
such a direction should be given in any case where it is necessary for the purposes of being even-handed as between complainant and defendant\rquote .  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755  [2000] 1 Cr App R 49, it was said that trial judges should tailor their directions to the circumstances of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 
the particular case.  The Court of Appeal added that, where the evidence was cogent, such a warning might not be necessary and its absence would not necessarily render a conviction unsafe, particularly when counsel\rquote s submissions at trial had not hi
ghlighted any specific risk of prejudice.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13369607\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1850168 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 lackstone noted at para D3. 80 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 
cases involving sexual offences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 , such as child abuse cases, may be regarded as an exceptional category in their own right:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 \'93
It is often the case that such allegations emerge a long time after the alleged abuse to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 ok place.  The view generally t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 aken by the courts is that the unfairness can be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid13435355 minimis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 ed by a directi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 on to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 
the jury to take proper account of the fact that the accused was handicapped in defending the case because of the length of time which has elapsed since the alleged offenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 
e was committed.  Any residual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 prejudice is regarded as outweighed by the imp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 
ortance of prosecuting such serious offen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 ces.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355  [2004] 2 Cr App R 61, the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 of Appeal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355 said that juries should be trusted to make allowances not only for the lapse of time but also for the diffi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid13435355 culties faced by an accused who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid13435355  could only deny the offence (per Keith J).\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16523451\charrsid13435355 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 
It is indeed the case that Naulumosi could do no more than simply deny that anything had happened, but for the reasons given earlier, the disadvantages which he claims to have been under as a result of the lack of specificity of the dates in the charges 
\endash  which was itself a produc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 t of the lapse of time since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 
 some of the offences had allegedly been committed \endash  were more imagined than real.  Indeed, these supposed disa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 dvantages were not, as far as I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755  can see, relied on at the trial.  In the circumstances, had the summing-up been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 criticis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 ed on the basis that a direction on the disadvantages under which Naulumosi was labo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 ring as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 result of this lapse of time had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755  not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 given, I would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 
have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860\charrsid9987755 rejected such a complaint.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13965860 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15951751 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 The medical evidence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 .  The girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 
 was examined by a doctor on the day after the police became involved.  He prepared a report of his examination of her.  That report was among the documents served on the defence almost two years before the trial.  The record shows that it was on 21 Febru
ary 2013 that trial dates were fixed \endash  namely 11-15 November 2013.  However, by the time of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755  trial, the doctor had left}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755  Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755  permanently, and would be unable to give evidence at the trial.  We do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 know }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755 precisely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 when the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755  became aware of that, although on 1 October 2013 the doctor\rquote s name appeared on a list of those witnesses who were to be summoned to attend the trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 Sometime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755  between then and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 5 November 2013 the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755  must have become}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 
 aware that the doctor would n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755 ot be able to attend the trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5799419\charrsid9987755 because on that date}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755  the Court was informed of the absence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 original doctor and of the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755 \rquote s intention to call another doctor.  The new doctor\rquote s name appeared on a list dated 6 November 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12798282\charrsid9987755  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid75299\charrsid9987755 of those witnesses who were summoned to attend the trial.  The defence took no point on any of this at the time.  They did not object to the original doctor\rquote 
s report being produced in evidence, or to the new doctor being called to give evidence about the contents of the report.  The trial duly proceeded on 11 November 2003 with the original doctor\rquote 
s report produced in evidence, and the new doctor being called to comment on it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 The medical report referred to the doctor\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 s examination of the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755 s vagina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  He described the vulva as normal but added }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 that the hymen could n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755 ot be seen in its entirety.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 referred to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  the hymen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755  as \'93scrunchy\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755 , and he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755  made two small sketches}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  of it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 
.  Although he did not say it in so many words, I infer that one sketch represented what he would have expected a normal hymen to look like, and the other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 
represented what the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 \rquote s hymen looked like.  However, he did not say that the scrunc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 
hy appearance of the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 \rquote s hymen looked abnormal, and so this part of the report does not take things any further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 The important part of the report for present purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 last paragraph in the report in which the doctor expressed his o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 pinion about what conclusions c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 ould be drawn from his physica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 l examination of the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755 
\rquote s vagina.  He made the point that the penetrative incident was alleged to have occurred many years previously}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755 , and for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755  that reason \'93acute trauma\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  (if it had ever been present) would no longer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3416418\charrsid9987755  have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  visible.  He concluded that his \'93findings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755 
could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755  suggest previous penetration of vagina\'94 (emphasis supplied).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755   By \'93findings\'94
 he must have been referring to what the physica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 l examination of the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 \rquote 
s vagina had revealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7023635\charrsid9987755   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15951751\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 The new doctor purported to produce this report.  The note of his evidence in the court record is unsatisfactory.  The only stateme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15233499\charrsid9987755 nt of substance in his evidence-in-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 chief was: \'93I must agree with the doctor.\'94  But we do not know what the question was, so w
e do not know what he was agreeing with the original doctor about.  He could not have been agreeing with what the original doctor found on his physica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 l examination of the girl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755  because he did not see what the original doctor had seen.  Nor could he have been agreeing with the original doctor\rquote s opinion t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 hat the state of the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 \rquote s vagina was consistent with previous penetration because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755  he had not seen the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15270836\charrsid9987755 \rquote s vagina.  I take it that he must just have been agreeing with the original doctor\rquote 
s sketch of what a normal hymen looks like.  I cannot see anything else in the report which he was capable of agreeing with.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5324393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 The note of the new doctor\rquote s evidence in cross-examination in the court record is incomplete, and no assistance can be derived from what th
e new doctor is there recorded to have said.  But in his summing-up the judge said at para 34:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 \'93
In the cross examination witness said that there is a possibility of hymeneal damage due to possible sexual act or due to active sports.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 The new doctor could
 not, of course, say whether there was any damage to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 the girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 \rquote 
s hymen as he had not examined it, and I therefore assume that he was saying that a wom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9259705\charrsid9987755 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 n\rquote 
s hymen can become damaged as a result of vigorous activity like playing sport as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9259705\charrsid9987755 a result of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4727329\charrsid9987755 penetrative sex.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5324393\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5324393\charrsid9987755 
There is no criticism of the fact that a new doctor was called to give evidence.  That is not surprising.  Section 133 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (as the C
riminal Procedure Decree is now called) deals, amongst other things, with reports from medical practitioners.  Section 133(5) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5324393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid479874\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5324393\charrsid9987755 \'93
The contents of any report which the prosecution intends to give as evidence under this section and about which notice has been given under sub-section (2), may be referred to and commented upon by another expert called as a witness in any criminal trial.
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5324393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid479874\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10714391\charrsid9987755 
On my reading of what the new doctor said about the report, he was entitled by this provision to say what he did, provided that the requisite notice under section 133(2) had been given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4727329 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10714391\charrsid9987755 .      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10714391\charrsid9987755 The criticism is that the judge should not have permitted
 the report to be produced in evidence without the original doctor being called to give evidence.  That is because it amounted to inadmissible hearsay.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 
Reliance was placed on the recent decision of the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 Tuilagi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 
 [2018] FJSC 3 in which the Court said at para 55:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10714391 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 \'93\'85
 the petitioner had complained that the learned trial judge treating the medical reports as hearsay evidence is in violation of section 116}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755  and (2) of the Criminal Procedure Act.  In the course of the main trial the 
medical reports pertaining to the petitioner had been produced but the medical officer who prepared the report had not been summoned to testify.  As such the learned trial judge had correctly treated the reports as hearsay \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8613190\charrsid9987755 Although this argument was ma
de a ground of appeal in the petition (indeed, the only ground of appeal), it had not been raised in the Court of Appeal.  Accordingly, we can only consider granting leave for this ground to be argued if it is truly compelling and a miscarriage of justice
 might occur if we refused to consider it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8613190 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13435355 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 The Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 Tuilagi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755  did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755  not refer to section 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 33 of the Criminal Procedure Act.  Maybe it was not brought to the Court\rquote s attention.  Sectio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 
n 133 in effect creates an exce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 ption to the rule against hears}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 y, and permits }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 medical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656\charrsid9987755 reports}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755  (as well as other kinds of reports) to be produced in evidence without the maker of the report b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755 eing called as a witness}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755 provided that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 
certain conditions are satisfied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755 : see the decision of the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755 
Nacagilevu v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755  [2016] FJSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755  19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10365319\charrsid9987755 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755   It provides, so far as is material:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7829656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1152\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1152\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 \'93(1)  Any \'85 report \'85
 purporting to have been made \'85 in the course of \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755  [a] profession by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 
any of the persons specified in sub-section (3), may be given in evidence in any trial \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 
unless the person shall be required to attend as a witness by \endash  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1512\ri1152\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin1152\lin1512\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755  the court; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13514808\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13514808\charrsid9987755 t}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 he accused person, in which case the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13514808\charrsid9987755 person shall give notice to the 
prosecutor not less than 14 clear days before the trial \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5791963\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri-288\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-288\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13514808\charrsid9987755 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1512\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin720\lin1512\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13514808\charrsid9987755 
 In any case in which the prosecutor intends to adduce in evidence a \'85 report \'85 a copy of it shall be delivered to the accused not less than 21 clear days before the commencement of the trial \'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13514808 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid13439387\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 Medical practitioners are among the persons specified in section 133(3).  Accordingly, the original doctor\rquote s report could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755  produced in evidence without the original doctor being called to give evidence provided two conditions were satisfied: Nau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 lum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 osi had not required the original doctor to attend, and his report had been served on the defence at least 21 clear days before the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 Both these conditions were satisfied.  The report had been serv}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3816055\charrsid9987755 ed on the defence with the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 
st of the disclosures on 1 February 2012, almost two years before the start of the trial.  And Naulumosi\rquote s legal tea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3816055\charrsid9987755 m did not require the original }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 doctor to attend the trial when they became aware }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3816055\charrsid9987755 6 days before the trial was due to begin that he was not go
ing to attend.  It is true that they would not have been able to give the 14 clear days\rquote 
 notice of the need for him to attend in view of the imminent start of the trial, but that requirement was included in section 133(1) to ensure that the prosecution was
 not taken by surprise by being told too near the trial that the original doctor had to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8613190\charrsid9987755 ttend.  In any event, the question whether sufficient notice had been given only ari}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 ses if the defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8613190\charrsid9987755 told the prosecution that it wanted the original doctor to atten
d, and it never did.  If it had, even though it could not have given the prosecution the 14 days clear notice, the prosecution would not have been able to rely on the report unless they recalled the original doctor from overseas.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3816055\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15407833\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 In the interest
s of completeness, I have also considered whether the proviso to section 23(1) of the Court of Appeal Act would have had to be applied if I had thought that the report of the original doctor had been wrongly admitted into evidence.  I do not think that a 
substantial miscarriage of justice would have occurred.  The effect of the report was only that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14965639\charrsid9987755 girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 \rquote s physical condition was consistent with penetrative sex having occurred at some time.  But there was no question of that having been likely: indeed, th
e evidence of the new doctor was that it was just as consistent with vigorous physical activity.  In other words, the medical evidence only showed that penetrative sex could not be ruled out as a possibility.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 In the circumstances, the proviso to section 23(1) would have saved Naulumosi\rquote s convictions from being quashed if the report had been admitted into evidence erroneously.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 .     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 Finally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 I appreciate that the judge misdescribed the original doctor\rquote s findings when he said }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9259705\charrsid9987755 in both his summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5313253\charrsid9987755 ing-up and his judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 that those fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 din}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 gs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 , not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 , suggest penetrat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10562046\charrsid9987755 ive sex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 
.  But he was aware of the new doctor\rquote s evidence about other things which her physical condition might have been attributable to, and the use of the word \'93would\'94 rather than \'93could\'94
 by someone whose first language was not English is not a sure foundation for saying that he completely misunderstood the effect of the combined evidence of the report and the new doctor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15951751 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4469154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755  For these reasons, I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid9987755 do not think that the merits of the proposed appeal are sufficiently compelling to justify granting Naulumosi an extension of time for filing his petition.  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid9987755 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 refuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid9987755  an extension of time, but even if I had thought that his time should be extended, I would have refused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755 Naulumosi special leave to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid9987755  appeal against his convictions on the basis that they raised no important point of principle and that no miscarriage of justice had occurred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5658398 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10314793\charrsid1850168 Chitrasiri J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid1850168 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903\charrsid9987755 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 35.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9399583\charrsid9987755     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9399583\charrsid9987755 I have read in draft the judgment of Keith J and agree with his conclusions and reasoning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9399583\charrsid9987755 and with the order proposed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10314793\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13439387 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10314793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5658398\charrsid6388903 Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6388903\charrsid6388903  of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5658398\charrsid6388903 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6388903\charrsid6388903 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6388903 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5658398\charrsid9987755  Application for an extension of time in which to file the petition for special leave to appeal against conviction refused. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4469154\charrsid9987755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16004618\charrsid9987755 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15951751\charrsid9987755 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1846493\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 Hon. Mr. Justice Saleem Marsoof
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 Hon. Mr. Justice Brian Keith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9248310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9248310 
\par 
\par H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 on. Mr. Justice Kankani Chitrasiri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1846493 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid13439387 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid1846493 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747\charrsid15274447 Office of the Legal Aid Commission for the Petitioner
\par Office of the Director of Public }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2507747 Prosecutions for the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9076342 
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