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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 RIMINAL PETITION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 NO: C
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 V }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856 00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856  201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 [Court of Appeal No: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5450069 AAU 009 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 of}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5450069  2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 ]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 VILIAME ROGOSE TIRITIRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3830365\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid70910 Hon. Justice Sathya Hettige, Justice of the Supreme Court 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1069856\charrsid7742599 Hon. Justice S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\insrsid1069856 uresh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1069856\charrsid7742599  Chandra, Justice of the Supreme Court 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1069856\charrsid7742599 
Hon. Justice Almeida Guneratne, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15951169\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856 Mr. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3830365 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3830365 Yunus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856 for the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856 \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr. M. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3830365 Korovou }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856 for the Respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3830365 13 June 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 
\par Date of Judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 \tab :\tab   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4744836 23 June 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177        
\par \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069856 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1069856\charrsid10778177 J U D G M E N T
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7238255 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1920404 Hettige J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920404\charrsid1920404 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920404 \tab I agree with the reasoning and conclusion of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920404 udgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid942572  of Chandra J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920404 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1920404\charrsid1920404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1920404 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3830365\charrsid3830365 Chandra J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1069856\charrsid3830365 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3830365 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid802713\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid802713\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3830365 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 This is an application for special leave to appeal against the judgment of the Court Appeal affirming the Petitioner\rquote 
s conviction. The Petitioner was the first accused and was jointly charged with another, the second accused for murder.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625352 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 Following a trial in the High Court at Lautoka, the Peti
tioner was convicted for the offence and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 12 years to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10047288 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 
served. His co-accused was acquitted of the charge.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 The Petitioner applied for leave to appeal his conviction and sentence which application
 was refused by a single Judge of Appeal in terms of section 35(2) of the Court of Appeal Act, Cap.12.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-660\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625352 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 
The petitioner appealed against the dismissal of his appeal by the single judge of appeal to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court quashed the order of dismissal and remitted the renewed application for leave to be heard by a Full Bench of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3373994 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 Court of Appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid5603256 The petitioner\rquote s appeal to the Court of Appeal was on the following grounds:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri1138\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1138\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10625352 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid10625352 \'931. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352\charrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid10625352 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and fact in not directing himself and or the assessors that the prosecution evidence before the court carried serious doubts in respect of operative cause or substantial cause of death and as such the benefit of d
oubt ought to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid10625352 een given to the Appellant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352\charrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in not directing himself and or the assessors that the prosecution evidence before the court proved that at the material time of the alleged incident t
he appellant was intoxicated with liquor as such with his state of intoxication whether he could form intention, specific or otherwise, in the absence of which he would not be guilty of the offence.
\par 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352\charrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact
 in not directing himself and or the assessors regarding identification of the Appellant in the dock. 
\par 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352\charrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in not directing himself and or his assessors to refer any summing up the possible defence on evidence and as such by his failure there was a substantial miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid10625352 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352\charrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid10625352 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact by not adequately/sufficiently/referring/directing/putting the defence case to the assessors.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5988680 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5988680 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5988680 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid220389\charrsid5988680 The evidence led at
 the trial as set out in the judgment of the Court of Appeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625352 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 ]  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 In the early hours of 21 March 2008, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 
 was part of a group who proceeded to drink beer at Namaka Public School in Nadi after a night of clubbing. At the time, the appellant was in a de-facto relationship with the co-accused\rquote 
s daughter. The co-accused was the headmaster of the school. He had access to the school premises outside the school hours.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10625352 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 In his caution interview which was tendered by consent at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9073503 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 trial, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 
said that he left the drinking party with his uncle and walked towards the main road. When they reached a neighbouring property which was Sadhai\rquote 
s garage, they were confronted by the deceased who at the time was working as a security guard for the school. The confrontation developed into an argument when the appellant tried to justify why he was drinking at the school premises. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 
 told the deceased to wait there until he fetched the co-accused who allowed them to drink at the school premises. When he returned to the crime scene, he saw his co-accused punch the deceased. He turned around to see who was beh
ind him. He saw men and women from his drinking group. When he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 
turned back, he saw the deceased lying unconscious on the ground with his face and forehead covered with blood. He saw the co-accused next to where the deceased was lying. The petitioner said h
e kicked the side ribs of the deceased and noticed he was breathing, but not moving.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 The prosecution led the evidence of two eye witnesses, Waisele Cegunacoko and Saimoni Tikibo who contradicted the Petitioner\rquote 
s version that he did not take part in t
he assault at all. Waisale said the deceased was with him at the garage on the night of the assault on the deceased. He said the deceased was with him drinking kava when they heard two young men yelling and swearing on the road. The deceased went and told
 them not to swear. They started arguing. While arguing they moved to the driveway of the school}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9073503 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 
 The Petitioner ran to the school premises, and returned with the headmaster (co-accused) and two other boys. They argued and had a fist fight with the decease
d. One of the two boys standing beside the deceased hit the deceased with a beer bottle in the head. The decea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 sed fell down. Whil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 e he was ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 
ng on the ground, the two boys kept kicking him. Waisale saw the Petitioner  picking up a block and smash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10047288 ed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 
it on the deceased\rquote s head. When Waisala tried to intervene, the group had turned on him and Saimoni by throwing broken pieces at them. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4327209\charrsid5603256 The deceased was taken to Nadi hospital by one of the men from the drinking party immediately after the incident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 
 He was later transferred to Lautoka Hospital and then to CWM Hospital in Suva when his condition deteriorated. He died on the 31 March 2008. Post mortem examination revealed that the victim died of brain injuries (intra-ventricular haemorrhage and diffus
e cerebral edema) that were consistent with the use of blunt impact on the head.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 Only the petitioner and his co-accused were charged with murder. The Petitioner was found guilty of murder while his co-accused was acquitted on a unanimous verdict of 
the Assessors which was accepted by the trial Judge. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal of the Petitioner on the basis that the grounds of appeal were without merit.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5988680 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6818767\charrsid5988680 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8797576\charrsid5988680 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6818767\charrsid5988680 resent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8797576\charrsid5988680 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6818767\charrsid5988680 ppeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 The Petitioner has set out the following grounds of appeal in seeking special leave to appeal:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in not directing himself and or the Assessors that the prosecution evidence before the Court carried serious doubts in respect of operating cause or sub
stantial cause of death and as such the benefit of doubt ought to have been given to the Appellant.
\par (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in not directing himself and or the Assessors that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 the prosecution evidence before court proved that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 
t the material time of the alleged incident the appellant was under the influence of liquor as such with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256  state of mind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6818767\charrsid5603256 
 he could not form intention, specific or otherwise, in the absence of such intention, he would not be guilty of the offence.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16213990\charrsid5603256 (iii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16213990\charrsid5603256 
That the learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in not directing himself and or the assessors to refer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16213990\charrsid5603256 summing up the possible defence on evidence and as such by this failure there was a substantial miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid220389\charrsid5603256 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 (iv) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 That th
e learned trial judge erred in law and in fact by not adequately/sufficiently/referring/directing/putting the defence case to the Asses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15951169 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 ors.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16123015\charrsid15951169 Criteria for Special Leave

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8612099 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid5603256 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid5603256 
supreme Court is empowered to hear and determine appeals from the final judgments of the Court of Appeal in terms of section 98(3) and (4) of the Constitution of the Republic of Fiji. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid5603256 
Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1422\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid8797576 \'93In relation
 to a criminal matter, the Supreme Court must not grant special eave to appeal unless-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri1422\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin1422\lin1800\itap0\pararsid8797576\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid8797576 
 question of general legal importance is involved;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16123015\charrsid8797576 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 
a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8268801\charrsid8797576 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid8797576 substantial and 
grave injustice could otherwise occur.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746054\charrsid5603256 The Supreme Court has in several cases examined the threshold criteria enumerated in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14887056\charrsid5603256  Act and has stated that the criteria set out in section 7(2) are extremely stringent and special leave is not granted as a matter of course. Vide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14887056\charrsid8797576 Bulu v Housing Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14887056\charrsid5603256  (2005) FJSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14887056\charrsid5603256  2004S ( 8 April 2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5585642\charrsid8797576 Chand v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256  (2012) FJSC 6; CAV 14/2010 (9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256  May 2012).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5585642\charrsid8797576 
Consideration of the Grounds of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8797576 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5585642\charrsid8797576 ppeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 Ground 1 \endash  Counsel for the Petitioner laid emphasis on this ground out of the four grounds of appeal. It was argued that the prosecution had failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt the operating c
ause or substantial cause of death and that the benefit of doubt must be given to the Petitioner to avoid any injustice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 The cause of death in the post Mortem Report was intra-ventricular haemorrhage and diffuse cerebral edema due to blunt impact 
associated with systematic shock. The Doctor who conducted the autopsy was not available at the time of the trial and Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 Goundar testified for the State and stated thus:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1422\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid8797576 \'93
Cause of death was due to intra ventricular haemorrhage and diffuse Edema due t
o blunt impact associated with systematic shock. Cerebral Hemisphere contains blood. Edema due to the fluid passing into brain substance. That was due to the blunt impact. There was systematic shock. Consistent with the impact on the head and injuries on 
the chest and abdomen.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5585642\charrsid8797576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434377\charrsid8797576   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid802713 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576\charrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 In cross examination Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15951169  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 Goundar has stated that a person forcibly hit with a beer bottle could be the cause as shown in the opinion for cause of death. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 
It is necessary to consider the sequence of events that led to the death of the deceased which initiated as a brawl where several persons were involved and only two of them were charged and out of the two persons one was acquitted after trial. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 It was in evidence that the deceased had been hit on the head with a beer bottle on the head }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 by an unknown person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14425927\charrsid5603256 and that he fell to the ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 
. This by itself gives rise to two factors of impact. One}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256  the blow with the beer bottle and the other being the
 fall on the ground. There was further evidence that when the deceased had fallen two unknown persons had kicked him which would therefore be the third impact. The act of the petitioner follows next, when there was evidence that he had hit the deceased wi
th a block and that there were pieces of block found at the scene thereafter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 
The question that would arise would be whether all four factors of impact would have contributed to cause the death of the deceased or whether any one or a combination of a
ny one or more of those factors would have caused the death. This leads to the consideration of the position as to whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680\charrsid5603256 Petitioner\rquote s act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256  of hitting with a block would have caused the death or was a contributing factor when three other factors had preceded his act. This brings about the inconclusive nature of the effect of the Petitioner
\rquote s act which is in favour of the Petitioner and which is further strengthened by the fact that Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 
Goundar had stated in cross examination that the hit on the head of 
the deceased with a beer bottle may have caused the death, which blow had been dealt by an unknown person. Therefore there is a doubt as to causation in this case which would enure to the benefit of the Petitioner.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2896152\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234543\charrsid5603256 It is in this background regarding
 the medical evidence that the culpability of the Petitioner has to be viewed and as to how the learned trial Judge addressed the Assessors in his summing up. Since there were two accused who were charged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid5603256 jointly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14234543\charrsid5603256 for murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid5603256 , it was necessary to consider wh
ether they had acted together on the basis of a joint enterprise. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid5603256 The learned trial Judge having explained the principles relating to the doctrine of joint enterprise addressed the Assessors as follows :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1422\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 25. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 Therefore, in dealing with the 
principle, you must consider the following factors as matters of law. They are:
\par (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 
The case of each accused must be considered separately. That is, you must find evidence as to what each accused did to demonstrate that he too had shared the intention in common to prosecute the unlawful purpose;
\par (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 
Each accused must have been actuated by that common intention with the doer of the unlawful purpose at the time the offence was committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid151686 .  \'85 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 Therefore, only their acts will make them responsible for the ou
tcome of their act/s or conduct, if you consider it to be so. Evidence transpired that another person, whose identity is not known, attacked the deceased with a beer bottle after receipt of which, the deceased fell on the ground. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 Any harm that might have b
een caused to the deceased as a result of that attack with the beer bottle shall not raise liability against these two accused persons or against anyone of them for the reason that the charge has not referred to such an unknown person being associated wit
h these two accused in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 the incident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 . Therefore, you must consider whether the act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid8797576 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576 
 or the conduct of these two accused person, were unlawful; and if so, whether such act/s or conduct, accompanied by malice aforethought, caused the death of the deceased. In considering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid8797576 that, you must decide whether, they were actuated by common intention to commit the murder of the deceased. If they are not, they will be liable only to the extent of the injuries caused by each one of them. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 (Emphasis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 added}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 ).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid8797576 Similarly, it tra
nspired in evidence, that there were others who had been associated with the accused that night and their conduct too appeared to be wrongful. This would perhaps have contributed towards the death of the deceased in some way or the other. Whatever the deg
ree of their involvement, that cannot be considered against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576\charrsid8797576 these two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid8797576 
 accused or anyone of them as such offending conduct has not been taken into account by the prosecution when the charge was laid.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9388036\charrsid8797576   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 
In the above summing up the learned trial Judge had clearly directed the Assessors that the hit on the head of the deceased with the bottle was quite distinct from the acts of the two accused and that they would not be responsible for the attack with the 
beer bottle and its effect. The Petitioner has been disassociated with the attack by the beer bottle and the evidence against him was the attack by him with a block on the deceased. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 As shown above the cause of death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 as likely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 to have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 due to th
e attack with a blunt object which could be either the hit with the beer bottle, or the fall on the ground as a result of that attack, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256 punching by the unknown persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256  or the attack by the petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256  with a block. There was evidence that the other co-acc
used (the Headmaster) had also punched the deceased and therefore did he and the Petitioner act with a common intention to cause injury which was likely to cause death. The co-accused was found not guilty and was acquitted which meant that there was no ac
t or acts accepted by the Assessors by the Petitioner and the co-accused acting in furtherance of a joint enterprise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid405762\charrsid5603256  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256 This would result in the fact that the Petitioner has been dealt with only on the basis of his act of hitting the deceased with a b
lock and the question that had to be considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid5603256 
whether that was the likely cause of death. As the medical evidence as dealt with above was not quite certain on this issue, the petitioner\rquote s conviction for murder becomes questionable. The learned trial 
Judge had directed the Assessors as regards malice aforethought in the following manner :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1422\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15951169 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid8797576 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9207716\charrsid8797576 (xvi) Remember that the burden of proving the accused\rquote 
s guilt rested on the prosecution at all times. If you find that the act of the 
accused or the conduct in issue was accompanied by malice aforethought then you can find them guilty for murder. If you think that the accused could have only the knowledge of a possible death of the deceased on account of their acts or conduct, then you 
cannot find the accused guilty of murder. Instead, you can find the accused guilty only of manslaughter, which is an offence less in gravity than the murder, as I indicated before. Manslaughter is the killing of a person without malice aforethought.\'94  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9207716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576\charrsid8797576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 Having given this direction to the Assessors, the Assessors brought in a verdict for murder and the learned trial Judge agreed with that verdict }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 however }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 having himself set out the position of malice aforethought in the above manner. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid5603256 The Court of Appeal in the judgment dismissing the Appellant\rquote 
s appeal when considering ground 1 which was on the same lines as Ground 1 before the Supreme Court stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri1422\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1422\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8797576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid8797576 [13] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8797576 \'85 \'85 \'85 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid8797576 he Assessors and the trial Judge accepted the prosecution version of facts. They accept
ed that the appellant participated in the assault of the deceased with others with the foresight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid8797576 
that the deceased could either be killed or seriously injured. The evidence of Waisale established that the deceased was struck in the head with a bottle by a 
man who accompanied the appellant to assault the deceased, and after the deceased had fallen on the ground, two men kicked him while the appellant picked up a block and smashed it on the deceased\rquote s head. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12192058\charrsid8797576 The assessors and trial judge were entitled to concl
ude that the appellant was criminally responsible for the brain injuries sustained by the deceased as a result of the assault on him by the appellant and others under the doctrine of joint enterprise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid8797576 . For these reasons, this ground of appeal has not been made out.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1587251\charrsid8797576     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid14955276 (Emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1587251 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14955276\charrsid14955276 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14955276 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14955276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 The summing up of the learned trial Judge was on a different basis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 (vide para. 22 above) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 as he had dissociated the attack with the beer bottle by an unknown person from the assault by the Petitioner on the deceased and 
therefore the reasoning given by the Court of Appeal in dismissing ground 1 does not stand in line with the manner in which the case had been approached by the learned trial Judge and put to the Assessors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14955276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256 The fact that the co-accused was found not 
guilty shows that the acts of the two accused had not been viewed together as being on the principle of joint enterprise by the Assessors as well as by the learned trial Judge in accepting their verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 , in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6161407\charrsid5603256  which event it would appear that the acts of each accused had been considered separately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 by the Assessors and the learned trial Judge.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14955276 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14955276 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14955276 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 The resulting position would be that the Petitioner had to be considered in relation to the blow given by him on the deceased with a block. Did he have the intenti
on to cause the death of the deceased by inflicting such a blow or did he have know}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 ledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  that it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  likely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 
 In view of the nature of the medical evidence that was available in the case which gave the possibility that the cause of death was likely to be by the blow on the head of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 
de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 ceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 with a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 
 beer bottle by an unknown person, which act was viewed separately, the question of whether the blow dealt by the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256  by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8462534\charrsid5603256 itself caused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  the death remains doubtful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9463512\charrsid5603256 
 as the proximate cause had been the attack with the beer bottle. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7611226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 However, since the fact that the Petitioner dealt the blow with a block was e
stablished the question that would arise is whether he intended to cause death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  whether he had knowledge }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5988680 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 it was likely to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8462534 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 
 death. What could be attributable to the Petitioner in the circumstances of the case is that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid144798\charrsid5603256 should have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256 had knowledge that the blow dealt by him was likely to cause death in which event he is liable for manslaughter and not for murder.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid144798\charrsid7611226 
Pagett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid144798\charrsid5603256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid144798\charrsid5603256 [1983] 76 CR App R 279.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11083975\charrsid5603256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 
Therefore there is merit in this ground of appeal and the question to be seen is whether this meets the threshold of Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act. The Petitioner has been found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment and if it is allo
wed to stand there would be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9191349 substantial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12192058\charrsid5603256 miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256  In these circumstances Special Leave to appeal is granted.
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 Counsel for the Petitioner did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9191349 emphasise on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 
the other grounds of appeal at the hearing although written submissions were filed regarding them. Those grounds of appeal have been adequately dealt with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 
 in the judgment of the Court o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 f Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 , and there is nothing more to be added }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 and therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 those grounds h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 
ave no merit.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11035680 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2580220\charrsid11035680 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7611226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 In view of the above reasons the conviction for murder of the Petitioner cannot stand and a conviction for manslaughter is entered. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 There is no tariff for manslaughter due to the range of circumstances found in such cases. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2580220\charrsid7611226 Kim Nambae v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256  (1999) Criminal Appeal AAU 15/98 (26 February 1999)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9191349 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 
 and it has varied from 4 to 12 years depending on the circumstances of each case. A sentence of 8 years is imposed on the Petitioner with a non-parole period of 6 years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid88628 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 A conviction for manslaughter is entered against the Petitioner and a sentence of 8 years }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13584218 is imposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256 with a non-parole period of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15220654\charrsid5603256 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid5603256  years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2580220 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid88628 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid88628 Almeida Guneratne J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid88628\charrsid88628 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3088198 \tab I agree with the reasons and conclusion in the judgment of Chandra J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid88628\charrsid88628 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid7611226 Orders of Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2580220\charrsid7611226 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7611226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 1.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 Special leave to appeal is granted in terms of Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act, 1998;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 
The judgment of the Court of Appeal affirming the judgment of the High Court is varied to the effect that the verdict of murder is set aside and a verdict of manslaughter is entered in its place against the Petitioner;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5603256 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7611226 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6696707\charrsid5603256 
The Petitioner is sentenced to a term of 8 years with a non-parole period of 6 years. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16536063 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16536063 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11035680 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid16536063 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16536063 ________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16536063\charrsid11697174 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li5760\ri-46\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-46\lin5760\itap0\pararsid16536063 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16536063\charrsid9196978 Hon. Justice S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16536063 athyaa Hettige}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16536063\charrsid9196978 
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