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\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1401465 }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1401465  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid396451 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1401465 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1655612 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1655612 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 AT SUVA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs4 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236770\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236770\charrsid396451 CRIMINAL PETITION NO.CAV 4 OF 2013}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par (Court of Appeal AAU 43 of 2005)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 PITA TOKONIYAROI}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 SAMUELA ROGOIVALU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4027043\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431752\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502905\charrsid396451 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 The Honourable Mr Justice Suresh Chandra
\par Justice of the Supreme Court
\par The Honourable Mr Justice Calanchini 
\par Justice of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431752\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12661459\charrsid396451 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 he Honourable Mr Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 Kumararatnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431752\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Justice of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 First Petitioner in person
\par Ms N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451  Nawasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12661459\charrsid396451 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 toga for the Second Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 Mr V. P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10443211\charrsid396451 erera }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par Date of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 2 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 nd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8213305\charrsid396451 9 April 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3823698\charrsid396451 9 May 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 \cbpat17 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716811\charrsid396451 Chandra }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14031697\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200553\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14031697\charrsid396451 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3823698\charrsid396451 I agree with the reasons and the conclusion of Calanchini JA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716811\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 Calanchini JA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14031697\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5314079\charrsid396451 This is a petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6050920\charrsid396451  for special leave to appeal from a judgment of the Court of Appeal delivered on 29 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2116870\charrsid396451 
eptember 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10711294\charrsid396451  dismissing the Petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10711294\charrsid396451  appeal against their conviction for murder and robbery with violence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2116870\charrsid396451 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2116870\charrsid396451 Following a trial by judge sitting with 3 assessors the pe
titioners together with one other (John Miller) were each convicted on one count of murder contrary to sections 199 and 200 of the Penal Code Cap 17 and on one count of robbery with violence contrary to section 293 (1) (a) of the Penal Code on 5 May 2005 
in the High Court at Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2116870\charrsid396451 
They were each sentenced to a term of life imprisonment in respect of the murder convictions and the learned trial Judge ordered that they each serve a minimum term of imprisonment of 12 years to be served concurrently wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5376089\charrsid396451 h any existing sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5376089\charrsid396451 In respect of the robbery conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1597528\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5376089\charrsid396451  the Defendants were each sentenced to a term of imprisonment of four years to be served concurrently with any existing sentence and with the sentence for the first offence of murder.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107547\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5376089\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587706\charrsid396451 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12587706\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553524\charrsid396451 
The Respondent alleged that the three accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1597528\charrsid396451 had planned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553524\charrsid396451  to rob the deceased and in the early morning of 14 September 2000 they attacked him by striking him with a stone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553524\charrsid396451 When he fell to the ground they tied him up and robbed him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553524\charrsid396451 The victim subsequently died as a result of the actions of the accused.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073879\charrsid396451 At the trial certain facts were agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073879\charrsid396451 It was agreed that the death of the deceased was caused by suffocation.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073879\charrsid396451 
The medical post mortem report revealed that a towel was lightly tied around the mouth which was open with his tongue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326087\charrsid396451  protruding backwards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326087\charrsid396451 The towel was heavily blood stained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326087\charrsid396451 It was also agreed that the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326087\charrsid396451 s body was found in his shop lying on his back with hands and legs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200138\charrsid396451 tied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200138\charrsid396451 The medical report listed a number of other injuries suffered by the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5376089\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200138\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753245\charrsid396451 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753245\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400606\charrsid396451 
The trial proceedings commenced on 18 May 2004.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400606\charrsid396451 
The State was represented by Counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4400606\charrsid396451 
The first accused (Miller) and the third accused (Rogoivalu) were also represented by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910259\charrsid396451 Counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910259\charrsid396451 The record indicates that Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1473632\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910259\charrsid396451  informed the Court that the second accused (Tokoniyaroi)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12793026\charrsid396451  had been granted legal aid but the Commission was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12793026\charrsid396451 unable to brief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12793026\charrsid396451 The same Counsel indicated that Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4131109\charrsid396451  requested a voir dire.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4131109\charrsid396451 The Court then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038347\charrsid396451 remarked that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12539992\charrsid396451  Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1473632\charrsid396451 could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12539992\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9048276\charrsid396451 act for Tokoniyaroi for the purposes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14292664\charrsid396451 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9048276\charrsid396451  the voir dire.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14292664\charrsid396451 Neither Miller nor Rogoivalu sought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9048276\charrsid396451 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438598\charrsid396451 challenge their caution interviews by way of a voir dire.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200138\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438598\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438598\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451 The record then indicates that the assessors were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501114\charrsid396451 assembled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451  in court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451 
The charges were put to the accused and each indicated that they understood the charges and each pleaded not guilty to both charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451 The assessors were then sworn after which they retired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451 The learned trial Judge (Govind J) then informed Counsel and the three accused that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774428\charrsid396451 witness D. Elisha }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 known to me and also father of victim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 Known many years ago.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 Both Counsel for the accused indicated that they had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 no problem.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 The learned Judge then indicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 Also Mr Ash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 Again both Counsel for the Accused indicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 No problem.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3549724\charrsid396451 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 
The record shows that Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10779049\charrsid396451 Miller }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 
was excused for the voir dire proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 
When the Court resumed the next day on 19 May 2004 Mr J Nair entered an appearance for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10779049\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451  for the voir dire which then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451 commenced later that same day.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451 
On the following day Counsel for the State informed the Court that the doctor was on a tour of duty in Macuata.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451 Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777747\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451  indicated to the Court that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488461\charrsid396451 wasn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488461\charrsid396451 t insisting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451  on the doctor and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488461\charrsid396451 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451 the voir dire }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488461\charrsid396451 could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid339248\charrsid396451  proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 The medical report was then tendered, apparently by consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 
On 20 May 2004 the learned trial judge ruled on the voir dire that all the disputed statements and admissions were admissible as evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid30019\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451 It would appear from the record that the learned Judge attempted to arrange legal representation for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15218670\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451  for the trial but was unsuccessful.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451 The first petitioner requested a copy of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451 Archbold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451  with his papers and further time to prepare his defence.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8789631\charrsid396451 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7996588\charrsid396451 proceedings were adjourned to 30 August 2004.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817059\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7996588\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7996588\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 On 30 August 2004 the parties appeared before a different High Court Judge (Connors J).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 It would appear that at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid283363\charrsid396451 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 
pre-trial mention on 3 June 2004 the parties had been informed that the trial proper would commence on 30 August 2004 before Connors J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 No objection was taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid283363\charrsid396451 on 3 June 2004 to that proposed course of action
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11213685\charrsid396451 However, 30 August 2004 Counsel for Miller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765154\charrsid396451 
 objected to the trial proceedings before Connors J on the basis that the proceedings were part heard before Govind J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 The objection was supported by Counsel who appeared on behalf of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4727679\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898350\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 It would appear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401610\charrsid396451 Counsel and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 the accused wanted the trial to proceed before Govind J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414338\charrsid396451 Neither Counsel expressed any concern about the disclosures made by Govind J that the 
witnesses D Elisha and Mr Ash were known to him or that the father of the victim was known to him many years ago.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7996588\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900946\charrsid396451 The trial proper eventually commenced before Govind J on 13 April 2005 sitting with 3 assessors.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176454\charrsid396451 Miller and Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900946\charrsid396451  were represented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176454\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900946\charrsid396451  appeared in person having previously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451 informed the Court on 18 March 2005 that he was happy to defend himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451 At no stage during the course of the many pre-trial conferences before the judge did either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176454\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi or Rogoivalu or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid486044\charrsid396451 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451  Counsel raise any objection to Govind J presiding over the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725960\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451 At the commencement of the trial the charges were again put to the three accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451 Each pleaded not guilty to both charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451 However shortly after Counsel for the State had commenced his opening address to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896997\charrsid396451 assessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451  and the judge, Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5856636\charrsid396451 Miller and Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451 
 applied to the Judge for the robbery charge to be put again to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5856636\charrsid396451 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2775965\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5856636\charrsid396451 The two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10294075\charrsid396451  then pleaded guilty to the robbery with violence charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5856636\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451  maintained his plea of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid486044\charrsid396451 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 guilty to both charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15168683\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10294075\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10294075\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9257204\charrsid396451 At the conclusion of the evidence the learned Judge delivered his summing up on 3 May 2005 (see pages 74 
\endash  79 of the record).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9257204\charrsid396451 
The three assessors then returned a unanimous opinion of guilty on the first charge of murder for all three accused and a unanimous opinion of guilty on the robbery charge for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1913181\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1913181\charrsid396451 
The learned Judge agreed with the opinions of the assessors and found that the guilty pleas by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 Miller and Rogoivalu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1913181\charrsid396451 had been correctly entered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519589\charrsid396451 He convicted each accused on both counts as charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519589\charrsid396451 The accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 were subsequently sentenced on 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5912579\charrsid396451 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 ay 2005.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10294075\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 The three convicted prisoners all appealed to the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 It would appear that the appeals were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 filed within time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451  and Miller }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 applied for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451  leave to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 sentence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451  sought leave to appeal against conviction and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 On the basis that leave was granted the appeal came on for hearing on 3 April 2009.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 The only ground of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 which the Court of App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4206520\charrsid396451 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 al }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451 heard submissions was that the learned Judge should have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 recused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451  himself given his knowledge of the father of the victim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13505062\charrsid396451 and the witness}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451  Mr Ash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223983\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451 
It is not apparent from the files that have been made available how it was that the Court came to consider appeals against convictions by all three appellants on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 ground that was raised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136431\charrsid396451 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 informally by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136431\charrsid396451 Tokon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514589\charrsid396451 iy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136431\charrsid396451 aroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal held that the learned Judge should have disqualified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514589\charrsid396451 himself }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 on the basis that a fair-minded and informed member of the public would entertain a reasonable a
pprehension that the Judge would not discharge his duty impartially.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6438141\charrsid396451 The Court ordered a re-trial of the Appellants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994409\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 
The Respondent lodged a petition for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court against that decision of the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 For
 reasons that are not relevant to the present petition and which do not relate to the substantive issues presently before this Court, the Supreme Court ordered that the decision of the Court of Appeal be quashed together with the order for the re-trial.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11996417\charrsid396451 Supreme Court also ordered that the appeal before t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10173899\charrsid396451 he Court of Appeal be re-heard }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161848\charrsid396451 before a different panel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10297270\charrsid396451  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779627\charrsid396451 three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10297270\charrsid396451  Justices of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161848\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161848\charrsid396451 The Supreme Court was constituted by a bench of three Justices of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10297270\charrsid396451 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161848\charrsid396451 Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8273315\charrsid396451 including Marshall JA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338289\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8273315\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8273315\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5339746\charrsid396451 Pri
or to the re-hearing of the appeal on 5 September 2011, Miller withdrew his appeal which was subsequently dismissed under Rule 39 of the Court of Appeal Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476577\charrsid396451 At the second appeal hearing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5339746\charrsid396451  Court of Appeal was constituted by a bench of three Justices of Appeal including Marshall JA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8273315\charrsid396451 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5799071\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 The grounds of appeal that were considered by the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476577\charrsid396451 of Appeal at the second hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 were restricted to four.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 
The first was that the proceedings, the convictions and the sentences were unsafe when the judge failed to recuse himself from hearing the case given the conflict arising from his disclosure that he knew the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 s father long ago and the witness Mr Ash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 
The second ground was that the learned Judge erred by admitting into evidence the confession of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2312622\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451  which he alleged was unlawfully obtained by Police.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 The third ground was that the learned Judge erred by admitting into evidence the medical report of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2312622\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 
 because the doctor was not called for cross-examination and because its admission into evidence was objected to by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2312622\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 The fourth ground was that there was no evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9003343\charrsid396451 malice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451  aforethought to convict }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2312622\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451  of murder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515642\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal (per Sriskandarajah JA with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2312622\charrsid396451 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14578348\charrsid396451 hose judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451  Chitrasiri JA agreed) applied the approach adopted by the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 Koya \endash 
v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451  (unreported CAV 2 of 1997; 26 March 1998).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 The Court noted that as in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451  (supra) appeal, this was an appeal where the allegation of bias was raised at the appeal stage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451  and not during the course of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 
Therefore the Court had the benefit of looking into the record to see how the learned Judge conducted the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137054\charrsid396451 The Court concluded that there was no material in the record to indicate that the decision was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451 affected or coloured by personal interest or a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451 built-in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 tendency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451  to support, albeit unwittingly the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451 
In the absence of any semblance of bias in the conduct of the proceedings or in the summing up, the Appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451  complaint that the failure of the judge to recuse himself had denied the Appellants their right to a fair trial had no merit and the ground of appeal failed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158967\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283863\charrsid396451 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283863\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9204977\charrsid396451 
The Court of Appeal declined to interfere with the trial judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9204977\charrsid396451 
s ruling on the voir dire as the Petitioner had not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13255508\charrsid396451  established any basis for dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779400\charrsid396451 turbing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2298015\charrsid396451 various}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221509\charrsid396451  findings of fact made by the Judge that resulted in his admitting the confession into evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3480426\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221509\charrsid396451 
\par [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221509\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal rejected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 the third ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451  on the basis that upon the objection of the First}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451  Petitioner the medical report had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 
removed from the material to be considered by the assessor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 The report was not read to the assessors, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451  not read the report and nor was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 reference made to it by the learned Judge during his summing-up to the assessor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14443593\charrsid396451 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221509\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14820534\charrsid396451 
For reasons that are not relevant to the present petition the Court rejected the fourth ground of appeal concerning proof of malice aforethought against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328796\charrsid396451 
Rogoivalu.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420346\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335642\charrsid396451 
\par [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335642\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335642\charrsid396451 This application for special leave was filed on behalf of the 
petitioners on 14 August 2012 although the handwritten original document signed by the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328796\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335642\charrsid396451  was dated 24 July 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal judgment was delivered on 29 September 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451 The petition for special leave was required to be lodged within 42 days of the date of the Court of Appeal decision pursuant to Rule 6 of the Supreme Court Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451 
In this case the petition should have been filed in the Supreme Court Registry by 10 November 2011 and is as a result at the very least }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5327900\charrsid396451 some}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451  8\'bd months out of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335642\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6711076\charrsid396451 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6711076\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid85783\charrsid396451 
The basis upon which this Court exercises a jurisdiction to determine an application for the enlargement of time for lodging a petition for special leave is section 14 of the Supreme Court Act 1998 (the Act) and Rule 46 of the Supreme Court Rul
es (the Rules).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid85783\charrsid396451 Section 14 of the Act provides that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid85783\charrsid396451 
the Supreme Court has, in relation to matters that come before it, all the power and authority of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826445\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826445\charrsid396451 Section 26 of the Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826445\charrsid396451  Act provides the statutory basis for that Court to enlarge time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826445\charrsid396451 Rule 46 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 
of the Rules provides that the High Court Rules and the Court of Appeal Rules apply with necessary modifications to the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 Though the High Court Rules do not apply to the criminal jurisdiction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663098\charrsid396451 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451  Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663098\charrsid396451 has concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451  that the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 s power to enlarge time provides the basis for the Supreme Court to extend time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 Raitamata \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451  (CAV 2 of 2007; 25 February 2008)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 There is amply authority from decisions of this Court to 
conclude that the Supreme Court possess jurisdiction to grant an application for an enlargement of time in an appropriate case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 Rasaku and Another \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451  (CAV 9 and 13 of 2012; 24 April 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14890173\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5636535\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771050\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878451\charrsid396451 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 
The determination of an application for enlargement of time involves the exercise of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939876\charrsid396451 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947981\charrsid396451 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451  by the Court for the purpose of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663098\charrsid396451 excusing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451  non-compliance with the Rules of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 
Special leave to appeal may be granted to allow a late appeal to proceed in cases that meet the leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878383\charrsid396451 criteria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451  of section 7(2) of the Act (per Gates CJ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 Kumar \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451  (CAV 1 of 2009; 21 August 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 In deciding whether to exercise its discretion in favour of a late petition, the Court usually examines the following factors: (i) the length of the delay, (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878383\charrsid396451 the reason for the failure to file within time, (iii) where there has been substantial delay, is there a ground of appeal that will probably succeed and (iv) if time is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1528435\charrsid396451 enlarged, will the Respondent be unfairly prejudiced?:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1528435\charrsid396451 Kumar \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1528435\charrsid396451  (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744910\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451 In this case the length of the delay is about 8\'bd months and is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016863\charrsid396451 considerable and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451  inordinate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451 
In a case where the delay is of such duration it is necessary for the Petitioners to establish exceptional circumstances before the Court would consider granting an enlargement of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111324\charrsid396451 
In such a case not only must the Petitioner satisfy the criteria set out in section 7(2) of the Act they must also satisfy this Court that the merits are such that the appeal will probably succeed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 [25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451 As for the reasons for failing to lodge the petition within time, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid684391\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451  in his written submissions asked the Court to consider that he is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid684391\charrsid396451  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451 
 lay person without any legal training or experience, that he did not have access to any legal text to enable him to lodge his petition on time and that this Court has on a number of occasions allowed a petitioner an enlargement of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15336962\charrsid396451 He also claimed that he had prepared a first petition within time but 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7496760\charrsid396451 it had been misplaced by either the Suva Corrections Centre }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 or the Court of Appeal Registry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 Of course, if the latter submission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451  true, then the reasons for not being able to lodge a petition within time would not have any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 
relevance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 There is no material in the file to indicate that the Registry had received a petition within time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 There was no material presented by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2249731\charrsid396451 
 to substantiate his claim that his first petition had been misplaced by officials at the Suva Corrections Centre.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6781819\charrsid396451 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6781819\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14708764\charrsid396451 
In written submissions filed on behalf of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14708764\charrsid396451 
 similar reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14708764\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3367844\charrsid396451 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14708764\charrsid396451 put forward by way of explanation for the delay.
\par 
\par [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14708764\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903458\charrsid396451 At this stage I am compelled to comment on one aspect of the submissions filed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14227837\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903458\charrsid396451  on this point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903458\charrsid396451 In paragraph 2.8 it is stated that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903458\charrsid396451 Obviously, the Court of Appeal has heard the appeals twice and on r
espective occasion the respective full bench of the Court of Appeal has given differing judgments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903458\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 
\par [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 
The two judgments were first the judgment delivered on 3 April 2009 and the second was delivered on 5 September 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 However it must be recalled that the first appeal was heard before a panel of two judges only on 3 April 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 On that day an ora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 l indication was given by the Court that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939876\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 the appeal would be allowed with written reasons to follow.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 On 10 April 2009 the Constitution was abrogated as a result of which all judicial appointments were revoked.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 Only one of the two judges who heard the appeal was subsequently re-appointed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 
That Judge purported to deliver on 24 June 2009 a judgment written and signed by him alone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 In a judgment delivered o
n 15 April 2011, following an appeal by the State, the Supreme Court held (1) that the Court of Appeal was not properly constituted for the hearing of the appeal on 3 April 2009 and (2) that the written judgment, consisting of reasons for the oral orders,
 of only one of the panel who heard the appeal was a nullity and was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741227\charrsid396451 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451  disregarded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677402\charrsid396451 The Supreme Court concluded that since the published reasons were a nullity and the hearing court wrongly constituted, the appellate orders must be quashed and the matt
er returned to the Court of Appeal for a re-hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 
It is therefore not correct for Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4934646\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 
 to submit that there were two conflicting decisions of the Court of Appeal on the same grounds of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 This is because it is as if the first decision of the Court of Appeal had never existed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 It is to be disregarded absolutely as a nullity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158909\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591129\charrsid396451 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591129\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591129\charrsid396451 
The approach adopted by this Court to an application for an enlargement of time where the delay was considerable and where the explanations for that del
ay were similar to the explanations put forward by the petitioners in this application was clearly explained in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591129\charrsid396451 Raitamata \endash v- The State}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451  (unreported CAV 2 of 2007; 25 February 2008).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 At paragraph 12 the Court stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1466928\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 The difficulties facing a person wit
hout legal advice in formulating grounds of appeal on questions of law are not to be under-estimated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 Those difficulties, however, are not a basis for setting aside the requirements of the Act and the Rules_ _ _.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6116341\charrsid396451 Whilst I accept that incarceration 
has presented the petitioners with obvious difficulties, the previous decisions of this Court clearly indicate that such explanations for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7695058\charrsid396451 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6116341\charrsid396451 delay that can rightly be described as considerable are not sufficient alone to warrant the Court exercising its discretion to enlarge time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10897195\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6116341\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6116341\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 
The material filed by the Petitioners identified three principal grounds of appeal against conviction in the event that special leave was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 Those grounds may be summarised as bias, unfair trial and miscarriage of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 
In relation to bias, the petitioners rely on the disclosure by the trial judge that he knew the father of the victim and two witnesses, namely Mr D Elisha and Mr Ash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 In addition, the petitioners claim that bias resulted from the fact that Marshall J}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2063670\charrsid396451 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 
 was a member of the panel that heard the Supreme Court appeal from the first Court of Appeal decision and then also sat on the Court of Appeal panel for the second appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6116341\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11143425\charrsid396451 The second principal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10422070\charrsid396451 ground concerns the claim that the trial in the High Court was unfair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10422070\charrsid396451 The petitioners claim that the trial Judge did not provide the opportunity for the medical practitioner to be cross-examined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10422070\charrsid396451 
They also claim that the trial Judge proceeded to conduct the trial without the alibi witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756571\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5374044\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5374044\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5374044\charrsid396451 In 
relation to the third principal ground, the petitioners claim that there has been a miscarriage of justice because their rights were prejudiced as a result of John Millar withdrawing his appeal by letter addressed to the Court of Appeal which resulted in 
their appeal being dismissed.
\par 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5374044\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873164\charrsid396451 
There was also a further ground raised by the petitioners that the Court of Appeal erred in adopting the test for bias that was established by the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873164\charrsid396451 Koya \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873164\charrsid396451  (unreported CAV 2 of 1997, 26 March 1998).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5374044\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873164\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 It is at 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7101541\charrsid396451 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 
his stage necessary to recall section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 which provides that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 
In relation to a criminal matter, the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754\charrsid396451 
a question of general legal importance is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 involved;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771754 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 
a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998387\charrsid396451 The delay of about 8\'bd months toget
her with their unsatisfactory explanations requires the petitioners to show a compelling case that the criteria for leave set out in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act are met.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451 To put the position more precisely, this is a case where the petitioners ar
e required to establish what may be described as an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958292\charrsid396451 irremediable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451  injustice which otherwise compels the intervention of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451 Cama \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451  (CAV 3 of 2009; 1 May 2012) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451 Kumar \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9990460\charrsid396451  (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286304\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451 Even without the burden of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327843\charrsid396451 having to overcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451  a considerable delay without satisfactory explanations, the petitioners }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327843\charrsid396451 face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451 
 the inherently difficult task of satisfying the criteria set out in section 7(2) in order to obtain special leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10047158\charrsid396451 The central issue for the Court is generally to determine whether petitioners have established that substantial injustice has been done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10047158\charrsid396451 The Supreme Court is not a court of criminal appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10047158\charrsid396451 It exercises a jurisdiction that was formerly exercised by the Judicial }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5912579\charrsid396451 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10047158\charrsid396451 ommittee of the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10047158\charrsid396451 It is only in t
he exceptional circumstances specified in section 7(2) that special leave to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 a final decision of the Court of Appeal will be given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910726\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 It is convenient to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327843\charrsid396451 first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451  the ground relating to bias with the ground that claims that the Court of Ap
peal erred in applying the test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695393\charrsid396451 propounded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 
 by the Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 Koya \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6888744\charrsid396451 
 (supra).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 The judgment of the Court of Appeal was delivered on 29 September }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327843\charrsid396451 2011 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 following a hearing on 5 September 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 Pursuant to section 8(4) of the 
Administration of Justice Decree 2009, decisions of the Supreme Court are b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3833760\charrsid396451 inding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451  on the courts of the State.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9583416\charrsid396451 An identical provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 
 appeared in section 122(4) of the 1997 Constitution and an almost identical provisions appears in section 98(6) of the 2013 Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11354728\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11354728\charrsid396451 
The Court of Appeal was obliged to follow and apply the decision of the Supreme Court in Koya (supra).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270735\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 The only basis upon which the Court of Appeal could have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327843\charrsid396451 taken a different approach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 from the Supreme Court decision was if the fac
ts in the appeal under consideration could be distinguished from the facts in the Koya decision of the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 It was presumably on this basis that the petitioners, in the written submissions, submitted that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451  (supra) should not have been followed by the Court of Appeal.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2847198\charrsid396451 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2847198\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992652\charrsid396451 
As Marshall JA noted in paragraph 50 of the Court of Appeal decision (AAU 43 of 2005; 29 September 2011) the principal point in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992652\charrsid396451 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid935045\charrsid396451 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992652\charrsid396451 ya \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992652\charrsid396451  (supra) was:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6122090\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998186\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998186\charrsid396451 whether the trial judge should have recused himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998186\charrsid396451 Mr Justice Lyons who presided over the criminal trial of Ms Amina Koya, while practising in Brisbane as a barrister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15694007\charrsid396451 prior to his appointment in Fiji, had been consulted in the cause of Ms Amina Koya by her barrister Mr I.Q. A. Khan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15694007\charrsid396451 Mr Lyons had advised on the disclosures with a view to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15694007\charrsid396451 no case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15694007\charrsid396451  submission in the Magistrates Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15694007\charrsid396451 He had suggested authorities that should be and were cited by Mr Khan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998186\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 It would appear that at no stage during the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9250942\charrsid396451 Koya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 
trial did the trial Judge disclose to the parties that he had been previously consulted by Koya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 s former legal practitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 The matter was raised for the first time by motion in the Court of Appeal whereby the Appellant Koya applied to add an additional 
ground, namely that the trial Judge was biased or alternatively that there was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 likelihood of bias against the petitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal granted leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal subsequently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12452687\charrsid396451 rejected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451  the case of bias on the basis that the fair minded ob
server in Fiji would not think that Lyons J might be biased against the petitioner by reason of his discussions with Mr Khan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8081176\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993452\charrsid396451 There is one notable difference between the facts in the Koya case (supra) and the present case.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993452\charrsid396451 In Koya the trial judge di
d not raise the issue of his involvement with the parties at the beginning of or during the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450904\charrsid396451 In the present case the trial judge did disclose his interest at the commencement of trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450904\charrsid396451 At no stage during the period between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792283\charrsid396451 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450904\charrsid396451 disclosure and the date on which the trial actually commenced did either petitioner seek to have the trial judge recuse himself on account of bias.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691480\charrsid396451 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691480\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691480\charrsid396451 
The two cases are indistinguishable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15542022\charrsid396451  on the basis that the issue of bias has been raised on appeal after the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15542022\charrsid396451 It is o
n this basis that the decision of the Supreme Court in Koya was binding on the Court of Appeal in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 present case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 
The Supreme Court decided that when a trial in the High Court has taken place and an appellate court is determining an appeal where bias is raised, the appellate court looks at the record of the trial showing how it was conducted by the trial Judge.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 
If the record demonstrates that the trial judge conducted the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15421053\charrsid396451 impeccably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 , it would be difficult to establish that there was a miscarriage of justice arising from non-recusal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210345\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4346440\charrsid396451 
Applying this principle the Court of Appeal in the present case examined the record of the proceedings from the voir dire to the conclusion of the substantive trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4346440\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16348673\charrsid396451  could not fault the manner in which the proceedings were conducted by the trial judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16348673\charrsid396451 The petitioners have failed to identify any material in the record that would indicate the presence of bias.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16348673\charrsid396451 They have failed to demonstrate that the Court of Appeal erred in concluding that th
ere had been no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16201566\charrsid396451 miscarriage of justice on the ground of bias as was required by section 23(1) (a) of the Court of Appeal Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16201566\charrsid396451 
The Court has correctly applied the Supreme Court decision and there is no error that would meet the criteria set out in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14303234\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 The other issue relating to bias raised by the petitioners concerns the presence of Marshall J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256415\charrsid396451 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451  on the Supreme Court panel hearing the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 s appeal against the first Court of Appeal decision and his presence on the pa
nel hearing the second appeal by the petitioners.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 [47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 The Supreme Court was considering the issue of compliance with the Court of Appeal Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 
In issue was the proper constitution of the panel at the first appeal hearing and whether the requirements for the delivery of a valid judgment were satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 The merits of the case were not raised in the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 
When the Supreme Court ordered a re-hearing of the appeal in the Court of appeal before a different panel, the reference to a different panel was a reference to the first hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256415\charrsid396451 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 n the Court of appeal, not a reference to the Supreme Court panel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111763\charrsid396451 This ground has no merit whatsoever.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 The second principal ground of appeal concern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256415\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451  the claim that the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451  were not afforded a fair trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 
In particular the petition alleges that the right to cross-examine the medical practitioner was denied and that the trial proceeded without alibi witnesses.
\par 
\par [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 This issue was raised in the Court of Appeal and considered at paragraphs 77 to 80 of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 s judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 
From the record it would appear that in the course of the voir dire proceedings the medical report relating to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256415\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451  was by consent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352666\charrsid396451 considered by the Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 although the doctor was not available for cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 At the trial proper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681075\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451  represented himself and at the conclusion of the prosecution case indicated that he wanted to give unsworn evidence and cross-examine the doctor wh
ose medical report had by consent been ruled admissible.
\par 
\par [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745989\charrsid396451 He was informed by the Court that the doctor was not available for cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745989\charrsid396451 He then asked the Judge to exclude the medical report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745989\charrsid396451 The judge agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745989\charrsid396451 The medical report was not placed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 before the assessors nor read out to them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 The judge did not refer to the medical report in his summing-up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 The medical report did not support }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451  claim that he had been beaten by police at the time of his caution interview.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 There was as a result no prejudice to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 There was nothing unfair in the manner in which the trial Judge had conducted this aspect of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451 The Court of Appeal had quite rightly concluded that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320643\charrsid396451  complaint about the medical evidence was unfounded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695150\charrsid396451 There is in my opinion no issue raised by this ground that meets th
e criteria set out in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9791091\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695150\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 
The second issue raised by the petitioners under this ground of appeal is the complaint that the learned trial Judge allowed the trial to proceed and conclude without the alibi witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 It must first be noted that this issue was not raised in the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 
However that fact alone does not necessarily prevent this Court from considering the issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 Raitamata \endash v- The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451  (supra) this Court observed in paragraph 12 that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695150\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 This 
will not preclude this Court, in a case which raises questions of the type necessary to warrant the grant of special leave under section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act from entertaining an application which, for good}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1662525\charrsid396451  cause shown, raises such a question for the first time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448560\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 
The petitioners have not established any good cause why this Court should consider this issue for the first time when it was not raised in the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 As the issue does not fall into the category contemplated by the Court, 
it is not proposed to consider the issue any further other than to note page 71 of the Record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 On 18 April 2005 the learned trial Judge was informed by Counsel for the Respondent, in the presence of Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 Rogoivalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451  in person that the alibi witnesses could not be located.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 
The learned trial Judge indicated to the parties that if they were not located by 26 April 2005, the trial would continue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 There was no objection from the petitioners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 When the trial resumed on 26 April 2005 there was no reference in the Record to the alibi witnesses nor was t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352666\charrsid396451 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451  any application by the petitioners in relation to alibi witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 There is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521162\charrsid396451 no issue raised by this ground that meets the criteria set out in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651430\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521162\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 [53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038400\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038400\charrsid396451 
The third principal ground raised by the petition relates to the withdrawal of his appeal by John Miller shortly before the second Court of Appeal hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038400\charrsid396451 It is claimed that the letter written to the Court of Appeal Registry prejudiced the petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14038400\charrsid396451  rights and resulted in the dismissal of their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313017\charrsid396451 appeal by the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313017\charrsid396451 By writing to the Court of Appeal Registry seeking to withdraw his appeal, John Miller was doing no more than complying with Rule 39 of the Court of Appeal Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 Miller was acti
ng within his rights when he decided that he wanted to abandon his appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6423312\charrsid396451 petitioners have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451  not identified any basis for claiming that their rights were prejudiced as a result of Miller abandoning his appeal in accordance with Rule 39.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 There is no ma
terial in the Record that would indicate that the judgment of the Court of Appeal was in any way influenced by Miller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 The ground has no merit and at the very least is vexatious and frivolous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521162\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 
Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451  written submissions, there are a number of issues raised that were not raised in the Court of Appeal nor were they raised as grounds of appeal in the petition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 These are issues which cannot be considered at this stage of the proceedings.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 It is sufficient to say that in so far as th
ey are raised by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 
 to demonstrate bias on the part of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7883331\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 e trial judge, they were matters upon which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 
the trial Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451  was not at any stage called upon to rule since neither Counsel nor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 Tokoniyaroi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451  in person made any application in relation to any of those issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 
There has not been any good reason put forward by the petitioners to warrant this Court considering those matters for the first time at this late stage of the proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15876884\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655612\charrsid396451 I have concluded that the delay in lodging the petition is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920104\charrsid396451 considerable and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655612\charrsid396451  the reasons for that delay unsatisfactory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920104\charrsid396451 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451\charrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920104\charrsid396451 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451 petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451 
 grounds of appeal to this Court do not meet the criteria set out in section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act and furthermore there is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1778578\charrsid396451 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451  ground that would probably succeed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040128\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451 
\par [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344509\charrsid396451 The application for an enlargement of time to lodge the petition for special leave to appeal is dismissed.

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1261670\charrsid396451 Kumararatnam JA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606564\charrsid396451 
\par [57]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid396451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10882632\charrsid396451 I also agree with the reasons and conclusion of Calanchini JA.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1261670\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145827\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9307928\charrsid396451 Orders:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9307928\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9307928\charrsid396451 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9307928\charrsid396451 Application for an enlargement of time to lodge a petition for special leave to appeal against convictions is dismissed.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210274\charrsid396451 Hon. Mr Justice Chandra
\par Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210274\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210274\charrsid396451 Hon. Mr Justice Calanchini
\par Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210274\charrsid396451 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid396451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210274\charrsid396451 Hon. Mr Justice Kumararatnam
\par Justice of the Supreme Court
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