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\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443031 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14109758 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443031 \chftnsepc 
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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3544173\charrsid4735281 \hich\af37\dbch\af37\loch\f37  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1267121 \hich\af37\dbch\af37\loch\f37 8}}}
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AT SUVA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Criminal Appeal No. CAV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of 2013

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Court of Appeal No.AAU0014 of 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 SIMELI BILI NAISUA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AND\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 THE STATE
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CORAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Hon Chief Justice An\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thony Gates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 President of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Hon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Madam Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Chandra Ekanayake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Hon Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Justice Daniel Goundar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 COUNSEL\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4674181\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Petitioner in P
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 erson 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ms P. Madanavosa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10247779\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Responden\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DATE OF HEARING\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
13 November 2013
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DATE OF JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498424\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130774\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 November 2013
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1856878\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10247779\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gates P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417353\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16273328\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16273328\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I have read in draft the judgment of Goundar JA and concur in the remarks and observations therein}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16273328\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2179954\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16273328\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10247779\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ekanayake JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417353\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16273328\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I also agree with the reas\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ons and proposed orders of Goundar JA in this judgment.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10247779\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297078\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Goundar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3494294\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10247779\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13375173\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
This is an application for an extension of time to seek special leave to appeal against an order of a single justice of the Court of Appeal, dismissing the petitione\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3164098\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeal under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  section 35 (2) of the Court of Appeal Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573258\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573258\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s main contention is that the learned justice of appeal erred in law by dismissing his appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  solely}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573258\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on the basis that he had no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14764493\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  right of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4601257\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13375173\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Procedural and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3164098\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13375173\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
actual background
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The petitioner was convicted of rape after a trial in the High Court, and on 8 February 2011, he was sentenced to 15 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  imprisonment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The charge of rape was based on penile penetration of the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s mouth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The victim was a 3-year old girl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953819\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . She \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 unsworn }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 evidence at trial. The victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s elder sister and her mother gave evidence o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f complaint made to them by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  victim to the effect that the petitioner had penetrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953819\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d her mouth with his penis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417353\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The summing-up of the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lacks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417353\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  direction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to t
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he assessors in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Peniasi Senikarawa v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No. AAU005 of 2004S }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417353\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of recent complaint evidence to assess the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  credibility of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712692\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the complain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Without the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ranscript of evidence, it is difficult to ascertain \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the strength of the prosecution evidence against the petitioner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2236567\charrsid1267121 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16474102\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  but }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 brief summary of evidence contained in the summing-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 up, it could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  be that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conviction was based on the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s unsworn evidence and the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3306647\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2236567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  confession to police. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  d\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 irection that the trial judge gave to the assessors on the caution int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 erview was that the petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 suggested that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3806835\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e statement was not voluntarily made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If the petitioner did make a confession under caution, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2236567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ing-up provides no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573258\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 assistance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573258\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 assessors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304236\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on the weight to be attached to a disputed confession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585409\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On 1 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3494294\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arch 2011, the Court of Appeal r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585409\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 egistry received a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 timely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585409\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 notice of appeal agains}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3494294\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conviction and sentence by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585409\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3494294\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he petitioner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . The notice was not in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585409\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the prescribed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
form provided by\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Court of Appeal Rules, but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the petitioner was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3164098\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 unrepresented, the r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 egistry properly accepted the notice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The petitioner was also unrepresented at trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846043\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Proposed grounds of appeal in the Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The petitioner told this Court that t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he grounds of appeal that he filed in the Court of Ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 peal were drafted by him with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  assis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
tance from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  an inmate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 substance of his grounds of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2117789\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6386999\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191209\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid2117789\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2117789\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The charge i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s defective.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial judge failed to call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the arresting officer to det}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ermine the a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
dmissibility of confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089279\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
of recent complaint was not made voluntarily but was forced out of the complainant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13590508\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sentence is excessive. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987489\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Criminal appeals from the original jurisdiction of the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6191485\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6191485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Criminal appeals against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 final }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6191485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jud\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gments arising from the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6191485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s original jurisdiction are governed by section 21 of the Court of Appeal Act. Section 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6191485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  states:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544173\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A person convicted on a trial before the High Court may appeal under this Part to the Court of Appeal \hich\f0 
\endash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 his 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conviction on any ground of appeal which involves a question of law alone;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 With the leave of the Court of Appeal or upon the certificate of the judge who tried him that it is a fit case for appeal against his conviction on any ground of appeal which involv\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
es a fact alone or a question of mixed law and fact or any other ground which appears to the Court to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16279627\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ground of appeal; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 With the leave of the Court of Appeal against the sentence passed on his conviction unless th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e sentence is one fixe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d by law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421640\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Determination of a leave application is within the powers of a single judge of appeal under section 35 (1) (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16669646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421640\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Court of Appeal Act. If a single judge refuses leave, then the applicant retain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15406973\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s a further right to seek leave from the Ful\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l Court u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nder section 35 (3) of the Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Act. This further right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15406973\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is curtailed, if the application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is dismissed under section 35 (2) of the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15406973\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by a single ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12850240\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 dge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Nioni Tagici v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Crim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal CAV0004.2011 at [8]).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14109758\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s application for leave to appeal was heard by a single judge on 12 October 2012. The petitioner was unrepresented at that hearing. On 2 November 2012, the learned judge dismissed the appeal under section 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16669646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The learned judge approached 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the application for leave on the ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489733\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sis that the petitioner must satisfy that his proposed 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 grounds of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489733\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  involved }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of law alone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489733\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  It is apparent from the ruling that the learned judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5967936\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 persuaded by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  counsel for the State to take the approach \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he did. The learned judge said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406836\charrsid1267121 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 According to the State, the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s ground of appeal against conviction does not involve question of law alone, and as such, ask that his appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
al against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  be dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
I have carefully looked at the grounds s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ubmitted by the appellant, and I must say, I agree with the State.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The appellant was correctly charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
It is not the role of the trial judge to call for witnesses in a voir dire.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The assessors and the court have properly made their decision on the char\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ge. The grounds submitted by the appellant does not involve questions of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
As to the sentence, the appellant had not shown that the sentence was wrong in law. Pursuant to Section 35(2) of the Court of Appeal Act, Chapter 12, I find the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14487095\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s appe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
al against conviction is bound to fail because there is no right of appeal, and this application for leave to appeal against sentence is nothing but ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 xations and frivolous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Reading of section 21 (1) (a) shows }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788969\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
leave is not required if the propose\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d grounds of appeal raise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2909204\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2909204\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  question of law alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12317\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1927967\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The meaning of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he phrase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a question of law alo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1927967\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1927967\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 has been considered in the English cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Robinson}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1953) Cr App R 95, the English Court of Appeal discussed the meaning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788969\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the phrase in relation\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to section 3 of the English Court of Appeal Act 1907, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which mirrors section 21 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814703\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Court of Appeal Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814703\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In that case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788969\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5926108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hallett J }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8071731\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at p 99}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814703\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8071731\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 adopted a strict view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8071731\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an appellant has a right of appeal without leave only if he confines himself to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a point of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8071731\charrsid1267121 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093283\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093283\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  word}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of caution was given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3093283\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Hallett J regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 a point of law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that would compel the court to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9133050\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entert}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9133050\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ain an appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6966336\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9133050\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a factual error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  without leave. Hallett J held that the procedure for leave o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n grounds of mixed law and fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996483\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , or f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 act alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as provided by section 3 (b) of the E}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116422\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nglish Court of Appeal Act 1907}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  should not be frustrated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16076665\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by raising }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a point of law that is of tenuous nature. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Adopting Hallett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311239\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311239\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  interpretation, the phrase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a question of law alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is one of pure law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e satisfaction of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13913244\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , as opposed to one of law unaccompanied by any other ground of appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6183060\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Pagett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (1983) 76 Cr App R 279, the defendant used a young girl who had been living }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with him to shield himself fro}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 m retaliation after firing at poli\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ce officers who raided his home. The officers returned shots, and as a result, the girl was killed. The defendant was tried for murder }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the girl }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 but the jury convicted him of manslaughter. The defendant appealed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  on the ground that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  causation had not been \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 established}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  on the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6697492\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At p 287 of the judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Engli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6697492\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
sh Court of Appeal concluded that while}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 causation is a question of both fact and law, a question whether a particular act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6697492\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sine qua non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of an alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 actus reus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 is also a cause of it\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is a question of law alone. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The appeal was dismissed and a further application for leave to appeal to the House of Lords was also refused. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In R v Majewski}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14639866\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[1975] 3 ALL ER 296, the defendant engaged in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14639866\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  brawl in a public hou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120745\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se. He was charged and t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14639866\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 on four charges of assault. At trial his defence was that he was adversely affected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120745\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
by alcohol and drugs on the evening of the assault, that he had no recollection of what had happened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14639866\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and that he had no intention of assaulting anyone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120745\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . The defendant w\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
as convicted, and on appeal, the English Court of Appeal accepted that the existence of a defence was a question of law alone. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 English Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120745\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at p 297}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120745\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 held that self-induced intoxication was not a defence for basic intent offences such as assault\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352953\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Lemon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15270904\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [1978]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000123\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  67 Cr App R 70 at p 71 the English Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 concluded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4000123\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
that determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 for a particular offence is a point of law. In that case, the question was whether subjective intent was an essential ingredient of the off\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ence of blasphemous libel and the Court held it was not. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
R v Thomson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [1984] 3 ALL ER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 565 the English Court of Appeal held that the issue of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554108\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s jurisdiction to try an offence was a question of law alone. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Skipper v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 [1979] FJCA; Crimin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 al Appeal No 70 of 1978 (29 March 1979), the Court of Appeal accepted the following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 questions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as points of law alone:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether bad character or propensity evidence is admissible as evidence of fact relevant to an issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582340\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p 5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7822129 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether Indian hemp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was a proh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ibited drug under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582340\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (p 6)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582340\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in relation to importation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582340\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of drug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  heroin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582340\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 should specify the type of heroin (p 8)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the defendant was convicted on a defective charge (p 9)?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519256\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 What constitutes double jeopardy f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or the purpose of sentencing (p 12)?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12473387\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A summary of these cases show that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 questions that have been accept}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a point of law alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 include }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 causational issue in homicide cases, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jurisdiction to try an offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , existence of a particular defence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for a particular offence, construction of a statute and defective charge. The list, however, is not exhaustive. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hinds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15428122\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1962) 46 Cr App R 327}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the English Court of Appeal did not define the phrase }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a question of law alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12540275\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , but suggested that the deter\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
mination of whether a ground of appeal involves a question of law alone be made on a case by case basis.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4422751\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellate courts have always stressed that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
grounds of appeal must be particularized as to give sufficient notice of the alleged errors (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Vulaca\~ v
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 - Majority Judgment [2011] FJCA 39; AAU0038.2008)\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
misdirection is complained of, it must be stated whether the alleged misdirection is one of law or fact, and its nature must also be stated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10841689\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 When a litigant is represented by counsel, it is couns\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 el}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10841689\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s duty to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  present competent grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638441\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in accordance with the appellate rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12073707\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 But }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638441\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
it would be quite unrealistic to expect an unrepresented litigant like the petitioner to comply with all the appellate rules. In such cases, the rules of drafting\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 are relaxed and the court must approach the applications for leave with care so that the unrepresented litigant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638441\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s right of appeal is not frustrated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665673\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Test for leave to appeal on mixed law and fact, or fact alone
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6846536\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Like all exercise of judicial discr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 etion, the decision to grant or not to grant leave should b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8142509\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e made in a principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8142509\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  manner. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5571000\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A single judge hearing the application for leave may not have the benefit of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid423764\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5571000\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 transcript of evidence led at trial, but we are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aware }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5571000\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the practice that has b\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 een adopted by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5571000\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  trial judges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
in Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073228\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  provide a copy each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 of the summing-up, judgment and sentence to the parties at the conclusion of the case in the High Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
This practice is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5406304\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  consistent with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5406304\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
obligation under section 27 of the High Cou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rt Act Cap 13 and section 237 of the Criminal Procedure Decree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to commit a judgment to writing in order that it can be read (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The State v John Miller & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539902\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No. CAV0008/2009)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475130\charrsid1267121 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  By making the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5196446\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  basic trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  documents ava}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475130\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ilable, the party who is ag\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
grieved by a judgment or sentence can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid423764\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  expeditiously assess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475130\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the merits of an appeal before lodging one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475130\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11098227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  single judge considering applications for leave or bail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  pending ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475130\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 peal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5196446\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an make sound decisions by reference to those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 documents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  desirable for\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a single judge to set out a brief summary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
of the evidence as contained in the summing-up and judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  when considering a leave application }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and how the facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 complained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of are being assessed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665673\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is clear from the learned judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s ruling in this case 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he did not make any individual assessment of whether the grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 of appeal against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  were of law alone,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
for which leave was not required, or the grounds were of mixed law and fact,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for which leave was required. If the learned judge would ha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ve made that assessment, then he would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638441\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
come to the conclusion that those grounds which raised points of law alone could proceed as a matter of right, and for the grounds that raised points of mixed law and fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , he was required to consider le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8142509\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623677\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . By c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 oncluding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141133\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141133\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s appeal against conviction was bound to fail because his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623677\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141133\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  did not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 involve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141133\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a point of law alone i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s an error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623677\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e are conscious of the fact that counsel for the State appearing before the single judge compounded the error\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 by making submissions to the effect that leave was required for grounds raising points of law alone. We make it plain that leave is not required for grou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nds raising points of law alone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534712\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid90227\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If a single judge concludes that the grounds raise questions of
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  mixed law and fact, then he or she should proceed to consider whether leave should be granted. It is settled that the test for leave to appeal against conviction on mixed grounds of law and fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is whether an arguable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12271489\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 point is being\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 raised for the Full Cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s consideration (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Singh v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 [2010] FJCA 53; AAU0083.2010; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Balemaira v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1667792\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [2012] FJCA 31 AAU0098.2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ). We must add}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12271489\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 it is not appropriate to reach any conclusion on the merits of the proposed grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  when considering le
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ave. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2760129\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5196446\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at conclusion should be left to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12271489\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Full Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297078\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568380\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Test for leave to appeal against sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568380\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is clear that the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 will approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  an appeal against sentence usin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5196446\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 g the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5196446\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 principles set out in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 House v The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1936) 55 CLR 499 and\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  adopted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kim Nam Bae v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No.AAU0015 at [2]. Appellate courts will interfere with a sentence if it is demonstrated that the trial judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  made one of the following errors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297078 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14615225\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Acted upon a wrong principl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Allowed extraneous or irreleva\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt matters to guide or affect him;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mistook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the facts;
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Failed to take into account some relevant consideration. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11287311\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
When considering the grounds of appeal against sentence, the above principles serve as an important yardstick to arrive at a conclusion wh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ether the ground is arguable. This point is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1642305\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 well supported by a decision on leave to appeal against sentence in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1642305\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Chirk King Yam v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1642305\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No.AAU0095 of 2011 at [8]-[9]. In the present c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ase, the learned judge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1642305\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conclusion that the appellant\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 had not shown his sentence was wrong in law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was made in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The test for leave is not whether the sentence is wrong in law. The test is whether the grounds of appeal against sentence are arguable points under the four principles of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kim Nam Bae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  case.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6568380\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ismissal of appeals
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ismissal of an appeal by a single justice is governed by section 35 (2) of the Court of Appeal Act. Section 35 (2) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12327128\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12327128\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If on the filing of a notice of appeal or of an application for leave to appeal, a judge of the Cou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rt determines that the appeal is vexatious or frivolous or is bound to fail because there is no right of appeal or no right to seek leave to appeal, th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e judge may dismiss the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128146\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4735281\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7499405\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The manner in which the provision is drafted could lead to some con
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fusion as to w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hen the discretion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7499405\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 dismiss may be exercised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Earlier judgments of this Court have confirmed that dismissals can be made under section 35 (2) without}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541131\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  hearing the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Raura}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No CAV0010 of 2005S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , this Cou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rt said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at [17]-[18] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the power to dismiss without hearing the appellant should be exercised sparingly and only when one of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conditions has been met:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3084699\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The appeal is frivolous, or

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The appeal is vexatious, or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The appeal is bound to fail because 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 there is no right of appeal or no right to seek }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356456\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to appeal.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548833\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tubuli v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal CAV0009/06, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548833\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 expounded on the principles in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Raura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 adding an obligation to give cogent reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 summary dismissal of an appeal. The\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Court said at para}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 graph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [25]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818054\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9728483\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9728483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  it is clear that an appeal may lie to this Court against a decision of dismissal under S35(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9728483\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 it not only desirable, but necessary, that the judge exercising that power of the Court of Appeal make clear the basis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 upon wh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ich it is being exercised. If an appeal is being dismissed as vexatious or frivolous then there should be a short statement of the reasons for that characterisation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
If an application for leave to appeal out of time is refused, as appears to have been the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  case here, that should be made clear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
If an appeal is dismissed on the basis that it is out of time and leave has not been sought, then that should be made clear, although in such a case an unrepresented petitioner might be invited to seek leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 appeal is dismissed because it does not involve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a question of law only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as required by S 22(1) then that should be stated and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he basis for it briefly stated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811713\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3021077\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While the duty to give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548833\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cogent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
reasons was adde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8793966\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d to the principles for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 dismissal of an ap\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 peal under section 35 (2), neither }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Raura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  nor }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tubuli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  attempted to set out the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  test for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178337\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
frivolous or vexatious appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178337\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 frivolous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is broadly laid down in terms of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 whether the ground of appeal is one that could not possibl\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y succeed on argument (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid279950\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 [1979] Crim L R 649). 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356456\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Canadian cases have distinguished between frivolous and vexatious appeals. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Wood JA stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Hanna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1992) 3 BCAC 57:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 frivolous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , has a special meaning in the law. I am of the view th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
at it is, or should be, reserved for those proceedings of which it could properly be said there was absolutely no possibility of success.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
To put it another way, a frivolous ground of appeal is one the unsuccessful outcome of which is so obvious that it ca\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nnot reasonably be said to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arguable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Similarly, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Drouin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 [1994] SJ No. 350 (QL) (Sask CA), Tallis JA said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361146\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A frivolous appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is an appeal that one can say with confidence cannot possibly }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 succeed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Pickard v London Police Services Bo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2010 ONCA 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356456\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
43 Watt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8793966\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JA summarised the test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for frivolous or vexatious appeals at para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5466915\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 graph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356456\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A frivolous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is one readily recognisable as devoid of merit, as one having little prospect of success.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The reasons may vary.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A vexatious\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  appeal is one taken to annoy or embarrass the opposite party, sometimes fuelled by the hope of financial recovery to relieve the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747877\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aggravation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15551723\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is clear from these authorities that the standard used for evaluating }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
frivolous appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ppears to be a low standard. If an appellant is able to show that he or she has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arguable ground of appeal, then it cannot be said that the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8793966\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is frivolous to justify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10303417\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  dismissal. Vexatious appeals are much easier to detect. They are the ones that are \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 filed to annoy or embarrass the opposite party. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3213208\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5658069\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178337\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The third pre-condition for dismissal is that the appeal is bound to fail because there is no right of appeal. Cases that may fall in this category are interlocutory criminal appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (s 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356456\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (3)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the Co\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 urt of Appeal Act)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178337\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
appeals based on issues of mixed law and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178337\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  fact from the appellate jurisdiction of the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (s 22 of the Court of Appeal Act)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . If a single judge concludes that this pre-condition has been met, then it is necessary that the ruling \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
state the reasons why there is no right of appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1508485\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8793966\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is also clear that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14107147\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 three pre}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -conditions set out in section 35 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14107147\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are not additional considerations for leave applications. The pre-conditions are complimentary consideratio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ns. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  dismissal can \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 still occur in cases where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  there is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 a point of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, but the point of law has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  no prospect of success}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and is frivolous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16148581\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sousau v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16148581\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Criminal Appeal No. AAU0020A of 2003S).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The purpose of leave and section 35 (2) is to provide for a filter
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ing process so that the criminal appeals can be disposed in a timely and effic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ient manner. Section 35 (2) should not be invoked to curtail a right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296646\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  As was put by a single judge in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Chand v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [2008] FJCA 53; AAU0035.2007 at [15]-[16]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1336566\charrsid1267121 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3625746\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3625746\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The righ\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
t of appeal as prescribed by Parliament must be a meaningful right. A meaningful right of appeal is achieved by a procedure that avoids clogging appeal rolls with frivolous and unmeritorious appeals. This is particularly so in our jurisdiction, where majo
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ity of appeals are filed by prisoners without any legal assistance. I am not suggesting that all appeals filed by the prisoners are \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
frivolous, but experience has shown that some appeals are frivolous and unmeritorious, thus, clogging appeal rolls and deny\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ing resources to appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297078\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ls that are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
meritorious. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3625746\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The leave procedure allows the Court to filter meritorious appeals from unmeritorious appeals so that meritorious appeals are allocated resources to achieve a full and meaningful hearing by a higher court. L
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eave procedure, in my view, is not intended to limit the constitutional right of appeal. To succeed in an application for leave to appeal, all that is required of the appellant is, to demonstr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ate arguable grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309463\charrsid1267121 .}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373923\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In the present case, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s appeal was properly brought before the Court of Appeal. But his}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8609342\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was curtailed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120030\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 wrong application of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In terms of section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1998, a substantial and grave injustice may occur if the petitio\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ner is not granted special leave to appeal to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e has a right of appeal against section 35 (2) dismissal to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tubuli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ) b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718666\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ut his hurdle is that his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 petition for special leave is out of time by six months. His reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1508485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for the delay }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1508485\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he was unaware of the period of limitation in fil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ing an appeal to this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In any event, his handwritten petition has an endnote stating:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498424\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This is the second time I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  am sending this letter. Register}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (sic)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 told me that they never received the firs\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t letter.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756394\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the Sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 te did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rebut }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 above claim of the petitioner. As far as prejudice to the Stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e is concerned, we find it not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641714\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467188\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
significant, especially in light of the fact that we have concluded that counsel for the State appear\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ing in the Court of Appeal is the co-author of the error that was made by the single }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 judge of the appeal in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  dismissing the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4265141\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658686\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e discretion to enlarge time is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4265141\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  exercised by considering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4265141\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the reasons for the failure to file within tim\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e, the length of delay, whether there is a ground of merit justifying the appellate court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4265141\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s consideration and prejudice to the opposing party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4265141\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Kumar v State; Sinu v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [2012] FJSC 17 CAV0001.2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641714\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), the ultimate objective of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  discretion is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to avoid\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  or redress any grave injustice that might result from the strict application of the rules of court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rasaku v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [2013] FJSC 4; CAV009, 0013.2009). Since we have concluded that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a case for special leave has been made ou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16788\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t, we are satisfied that an enlarg\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ement of time should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
be allowed as a measure of redress for the substantial and grave injustice that may occur if the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s appeal is not heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We grant the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s applications for an e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nlargement of time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pecial leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825698\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , and s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
et aside the dismissal of his appeal by the single judge of appeal. We remit the matter of leave to be heard afresh by another single justice of appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The registrar will issue a fresh notice of hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9133050\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  upon direction from the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812543\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 resident of the Court of Ap\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 peal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9133050\charrsid1267121 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515567\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 H\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
on. Chief Justice Anthony Gates
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 President of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hon. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Madam. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Chandra Ekanayake
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ju\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 stic\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hon. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mr. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Daniel Goundar
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ju\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 stice\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136694\charrsid1267121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Petitioner in 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 P\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 erson
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the Director of the Public Prosecutions for the Respondent
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1267121 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3098533\charrsid1267121 
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