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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 PETITION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 No. CAV 0014/2010
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 DIP CHAND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 PETITIONER}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 THE STATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 RESPONDENT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 The Hon Justice Saleem Marsoof, Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615303 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 The Hon Justice Sathyaa Hettige, Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615303 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 The Hon Justice Sriskandarajah Sundaram Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Date of Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  Wednesday, 2nd May 2012
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 ounsels:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  Mr. S. Sharma with Mr A Singh for Petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Ms S Puamau for Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Date of Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 Wednesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 th May 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par [1] This is an application for special leave to appeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal (Byrne, A.P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803529\charrsid2126566 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  Calanchini, J. and Temo, J.A) dated 19th October 2010, affirming the conviction and sentence imposed on the Petitioner by the High Court of Fiji at Lautoka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par [2] The Petitioner was charged on 3 counts of murder contrary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803529\charrsid2126566 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803529\charrsid2126566 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 199 and 200 of the Penal Code, Chapter 17, of three sisters, Ashika Sherin Lata, Renuka Rohini Lata and Radhika Roshini Lata, who were respectively, 19, 18 and 17 years of age when they were allegedly murdered by the Petitioner. 
\par  
\par [3] It is common ground that the three young ladies were taken from their home in the western }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 end of Viti Levu by the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 whom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  they called }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 aaja}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  (grandfather)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 , in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  his boat towards a 
nearby island known as Malake Island, on a fishing trip and picnic. The following day the boat was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
found drifting with visible signs of blood on the boat, and the explanation offered by the Petitioner was that they were set upon by unknown persons who appr
oached his boat in a red boat, and abducted the 3 girls after beating him and rendering him unconscious.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par [4] Extensive search carried out on the sea in the vicinity of Malake island for a number of days, proved futile, and the bodies of the 3 girls were 
never found. On 4th July 2005, in the course of his caution interview, the Petitioner confessed that he killed Ashika, Radhika and Renuka hitting each one of them repeatedly on the head with a stick he used to kill fish, in a frenzy over an argument he ha
d with Ashika, which position he substantively repeated in responding to the 3 charges that were read out to him on 6th July 2005.
\par 
\par [5] After a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 (trial within the trial) which extended from 1st May to 8th May 2006, at which the Respondent called 8
 witnesses while the Petitioner made an unsworn statement, the learned High Court Judge (K. Govind J.), delivered his ruling on 10th May 2006, holding that the confession was made voluntarily. 
\par 
\par [6] Thereafter, the Petitioner was tried in the High Court of
 Lautoka before 3 assessors from 10th May to 18th May 2006, with 17 prosecution and 3 defence witnesses testifying. At the end of the trial, the assessors unanimously found the Petitioner guilty as charged, and the trial judge (K. Govind J.) convicted and
 sentenced him on 19th May 2006, to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
life imprisonment with a minimum term of 19 years imprisonment. 
\par 
\par  [7] On appeal to the Court of Appeal, the conviction and sentence were affirmed, by its judgment which was pronounced on 19th October 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par [8] The Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 , having invoked the jurisdiction of this Court by his petition dated 25th October 2010, which was improved upon by his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 amended petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 11th September 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 , was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 heard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 in support of his application for special leave to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 on 13th October 2011. 
\par 
\par [9] On 13th October 2011, Mr. Sharma, who appeared for the Petitioner, moved to withdraw the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 petition dated 11th September 2011 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 o enable him to file a fresh application for special leave to appeal including a ground of alleged non-disclosure of the 
medical card dated 8th July 2005 maintained by the Medical Orderly of Natabua prison, and an application to adduce fresh evidence, if any, pertaining thereto. As learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Counsel had no objection to this application, this Court granted Mr. Sharma leav
e to withdraw the application already filed, and to file within six weeks a fresh application for special leave to appeal as aforesaid, subject to any objections that may be taken up thereto by the Respondent. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par Application to Adduce Fresh Evidence 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par [10] 
The Petitioner has accordingly filed a fresh application for special leave to appeal dated 2nd November 2011, which contains 13 grounds of appeal, of which ground (i), which is quoted below, is directly relevant to the motion for permission to adduce fres
h evidence:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
The trial miscarried since the police and/or the prosecution did not disclose to the defence the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 s medical card kept by Natabua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 rison and details of his medical examination at the Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005 despite consenting to the tender of Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 s X-ray report dated 14th July 2005 during trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par [11] Four affidavits in all have been filed by the Petitioner in support of the motion to produce the aforesaid medical card containing certain notes pertaining to the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
s medical condition within the period 8th July 2005 to 13th August 2005 as fresh evidence. There are two affidavits sworn by the Petitioner on 3rd November 2011 and 21st November 2011 respectively, and two other affidavits affirmed to by Inoke Takivei
kata, who was, at the relevant time, the Medical Orderly attached to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 Natabua p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 rison, where the Petitioner was detained, and Dr. Akthar Ali, who is the Principal Medical Officer of the Lautoka Hospital, who had examined the Petitioner on 14th July 2005 
and 29th July 2005, while he was in custody. 
\par 
\par [12] The photocopy of the aforesaid medical card reveals that on 8th July 2005, the Petitioner had informed the Medical Orderly that he had been assaulted inside the Rakiraki Police Station Crime Office for si
x consecutive days. The Orderly has noted that the Petitioner complained of body pain, chest pain, back ache and a swollen left ear, and that he was referred to the Visiting Medical Officer for further medical examination and treatment. The Visiting Medic
al Officer had, after examining the Petitioner, observed that there were no visual signs of any injury on the chest. 
\par 
\par [13] The next entry in the medical card is dated 14th July 2005, and was made by the Medical Orderly, who has noted that the Petitioner co
mplained of shortness of breath and was referred to the Lautoka Hospital for further examination. An x-ray of the chest taken at the said Hospital, which was marked in evidence at the trial as defence exhibit DW1, showed that the Petitioner had three frac
t
ured ribs. Hence, he was examined by Dr. Akthar Ali, who had him admitted to the Surgical Ward of that Hospital for observation for a few hours, and was discharged at 2pm on the same day as his condition was stable, after re-booking him to be seen at the 
Clinic on 29th July 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par [14] It appears from the very next entry in the medical car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 that Dr. Ali saw the Petitioner once again on 29th July 2005, and another x-ray done on that day which revealed that the injuries and fractures were healing without any complication and that there was no need for another follow up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par [15] There are two other entries pertaining to the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
s medical condition dated 11th August and 13th August 2005, which show that he was treated by the Lautoka Hospital for asthma and general body pain. 
\par 
\par [16] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 Mr. Sharma, who appears for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 has submitted that the non-disclosure of the medical card pertaining to the Petitioner kept by Natabua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 rison, and the summary of injuries suffered by the Petitioner as noted in the sa
id card after the Petitioner underwent medical examination at the Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005, deprived the Petitioner of material evidence demonstrative of the involuntary nature of the confession made by him while he was in Police custody. He sub
mitted that unless the Petitioner is permitted to adduce the medical card, a serious miscarriage of justice will result.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
\par 
\par [17] The Respondent has taken strong objection to the application of the Petitioner to produce fresh evidence. Responding to the submi
ssions of learned Counsel for the Petitioner, learned State Counsel has submitted that the x-ray of chest taken at Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005 was marked in evidence at the trial by the defence as DW1, and that since the medical card in question ha
d been maintained by the Medical Orderly who accompanied the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14563977\charrsid2126566 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  to the said Hospital, the Petitioner knew or ought to have known, of the existence of the card, and could have produced it if so advised. She has further submitted that the voluntary na
ture of the confession made by the Petitioner has in any event been established by the testimony of other independent witnesses, and hence he suffered no prejudice by reason of the medical card having not been put before the Court during the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [1
8] Learned State Counsel also submitted that the said card was not one of the documents in the possession of the Respondent, although it was one, which the Petitioner with reasonable diligence could have obtained and produced at the trial, if it was mater
ial to his case. She further submitted that no application was made by the Petitioner at anytime, either in person or through Counsel, for the purpose of having it adduced in evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [19] This Court no doubt has the power to permit a party, in an appropriate case, to adduce fresh evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Section 28 of the Court of Appeal Act, expressly provides that the Court of Appeal may, if it thinks it }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 necessary or expedient in the interest of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  receive fresh evidence, and in terms of Section 14 of the Supr
eme Court Act No. 14 of 1988, this Court is possessed of all powers vested in the Court of Appeal, and as the apex court of Fiji Islands, it has the inherent power to make any order that is conducive to the achievement of the ends of justice.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 As was observed by the High Court of Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 Craig v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566  (1933) 49 CLR 429 at 439}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10504027\charrsid2126566 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 
A court of Criminal Appeal has thrown upon it some responsibility of examining the probative value of the fresh evidence. It cannot be said that a miscarriage has occurred unless th
e fresh evidence had cogency and plausibility as well as relevancy. The fresh evidence must, we think, be of such character that, if considered in combination with the evidence already given upon the trial the result ought in the minds of reasonable man t
o be affected. Such evidence should be calculated at least to remove the certainty of the prisoners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566  guilt which the former evidence produced. But in judging of the weight of the fresh testimony the probative force and the nature of the evidence already add
uced at the trial must be a matter of great importance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
[20] Admission of fresh evidence at the stage of an appeal may either be conclusive of the appeal or may cause the court to order a retrial of the matter. The bases for allowing the reception of fresh evidence were set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Ladd v Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [1954] 3 All ER 745. In that case Lord Denning, at page 748 A-B, outlined them in the following passage: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 In order to justify the reception of fresh evidence or a new trial, three conditions must be fulfilled: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
first, it must be shown that the evidence could not have been obtained with reasonable diligence for use at the trial: second, the evidence must be such that, if given, it would probably have an important influence on the result of the case, although it n
eed not be decisive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
: third, the evidence must be such as is presumably to be believed, or in other words, it must be apparently credible, although it need not be incontrovertible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [21] Similar, though not identical criteria, to those laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Ladd v Marshall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 were stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 R v Parks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
[1961] 3 All ER 633. An important consideration that influenced the approach of the courts in these cases was the interest of the state that litigation should come to an end. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Hertfordshire Investments Ltd. v Bubb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [2000] 1 WLR 2318, the English Court of Appeal emphasised that strong grounds were required to allow fresh evidence in the face of a final decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 These consideration were foremost in the minds of the learned judges in decisions of the High Court of Australia
 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Ratten v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  [1974) 131 CLR and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Lawless v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  (1979) 142 CLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [22] The Australian decisions referred to above have also establish that at common law, a distinction is drawn between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 fresh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  evidence, that is to say evidence which was not known to the accus
ed at the time of his trial, and which could not have been discovered by him with reasonable diligence, and evidence which is merely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 that is, evidence that were either known to the accused, or which he could have with reasonable diligence, discovered. See, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Gallagher v The Queen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  (1986) 160 CLR 392 at 402 and 410; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Mickelberg v The Queen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  (1989) 167 CLR 259 at 301. Evidence which was either available, or could with reasonable diligence have been discovered before trial, is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 fresh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [23] In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 Sachinda Nand Mudaliyar v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
 CAV0001/2007, the aforesaid distinction was adopted and applied by this Court, in the context of an application to lead fresh evidence in the course of an appellate hearing, which might have, if permitted, cast a rea
sonable doubt as regards the guilt of an accused who had been tried and convicted by the High Court. In this case, the proposed fresh evidence consisted of an affidavit from Dr. John Wittaker, a highly qualified gynaecologist, who had testified for the pr
o
secution at the trial, seeking to qualify his previous testimony in the light of fresh evidence placed before him, and another affidavit from Dr. Andrew Mackintosh, who was also a highly qualified gynaecologist, who had not testified at the trial. In refu
sing to permit the proposed fresh evidence, this Court observed at paragraph 61 of its judgment that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 a decision deliberately taken by an accused not to adduce evidence of a particular kind at trial will weigh heavily against its reception on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [24] However, as this Court proceeded to point out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
Sachinda Nand Mudaliyar,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  in regard to the question whether fresh evidence ought to be allowed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
no invariable rule concerning the failure to call such evidence can or should be laid down. The discretion conferred upon the Court must be exercised judicially, but having due regard to the interests of justice, above all else.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [25] A crucial consideration in deciding whether fresh evidence should be permitted in this case, is that there is a strong likelihood that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5768547\charrsid2126566 Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
was aware or should reasonably have been aware of the existence of the medical card now sought to be produced, as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5768547\charrsid2126566 
card was maintained in relation to him, and the defence has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 produced at the trial the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14563977\charrsid2126566 x-ray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566  that was taken at Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 
[26] However, even if the defence was not possessed of the said medical card, it is clear that the defence could have procured the same with reasonable diligence. As Tipping J observed in the New Zealand decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 R v Bain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566  [2004] 1 NZLR 638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 
Ordinarily if the evidence could, with reasonable diligence, have been called at the trial, it will not qualify as sufficiently fresh. This is not an immutable rule because the overriding criterion is always what course will best ser
ve the interests of justice. The public interest in preserving the finality of jury verdicts means that those accused of crimes must put up their best case at trial and must do so after diligent preparation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 ] Even if we consider that the Petitioner was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 , for some reason, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 not in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566  aware of the existence of the medical card at the time of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 vior dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566  or at the time the trial was heard before the assessors, the Petitioner cannot deny that he was aware of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 existence of the ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 rd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7296559\charrsid2126566 a few months before he l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 odged his appeal to the Court of Appeal on 10th April 2007. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 In this case, l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 
eave to appeal was granted by the Court of Appeal on 18th of July 2008, the appeal was heard on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6830384\charrsid2126566 27th September 2010 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584546\charrsid2126566 and judgement pronounced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566  on 19th October 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7296559 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7296559\charrsid2126566 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566  It is important to note that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7296559\charrsid2126566 Petitioner has stated in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566  paragraph 12 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7296559\charrsid2126566  his affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 
dated 3rd November 2011 that on his instructions his lawyer sent a letter on 4th July 2006 to the Officer in Charge of the Natabua Prison requesting a copy of his medical car
d and certain other information. He has stated further in paragraph 13 of the said affidavit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 after receiving a copy of his medical card from the Natabua Prison, his lawyer wrote to the Lautoka Hospital on 17th July 2006 requesting a copy of his medica
l report maintained in that hospital}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566 , and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 
on 27th July 2006 he received from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566 the late Dr. V. Taoi, who was at that time the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 Acting Consultant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 urgeon of the Lautoka Hospital}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566  a copy of his medical report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566  Further explaining the position, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 Dr Akthar Ali in paragraph 16 of his affidavit of 16th November 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566  has stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 that the letter sent by the late Dr. V. Taoi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566  dated 27th J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 uly 2006 contains a summary of what is contained in the medical folder of the Petitioner. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Having received }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a copy of the medi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cal card and from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid9044449\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 bua p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rison and other relevant information from t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 he Acting Consultant Surgeon of Lautoka Hospital}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566  at least by the end of July 2006, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 the Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 s failed to make a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 n application to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 ourt of Appeal to adduce fresh evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 Section 28 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 Court of Appeal Act ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 s empowered that Court, if it is considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 necessary or expedient in the interest of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7998599\charrsid2126566 , to ord}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566 er production of any document, exhibit or other thing connected with the proceedings, the production of which appear to them necessary for the determination of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150597 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10504027\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10504027\charrsid2126566 
] The Petitioner has not offered any explanation for not seeking permission of the Court of Appeal to lead fresh evidence. At the time of Appeal the appellant was aware of the existence of the medic
al card, or at least the contents thereof, which were summarised in the letter of Dr. Akthar Ali. The Court of Appeal is empowered by statute and common law to admit fresh evidence in an appropriate case, and the Petitioner who has failed to apply to the 
C
ourt of Appeal for permission to adduce fresh evidence, cannot be permitted in the course of an application for special leave to appeal to this Court make an application to produce fresh evidence, unless he can show that he became aware of the fresh evide
nce after the completion of the appellate proc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 eedings in the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10504027 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12927125\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6777283\charrsid2126566 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
] Having given the application of the Petitioner to lead fresh evidence careful consideration, we are not persuaded that this is an appropriate case to permit the Petitioner to adduce the medical card }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 and details of his medical examination at the Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902541\charrsid2126566 
as fresh evidence, and we accordingly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 reject the said application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 Special Leave to Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9666493\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1907095\charrsid2126566 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9666493\charrsid2126566 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid159167\charrsid2126566 
It is now necessary to deal with the application of the Petitioner for special leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid159167\charrsid2126566 ppeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal affirming his conviction and sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 
Section 8(1) of the Administration of Justice Decree confers on the Supreme Court the exclusive jurisdiction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 subject to such re
quirements as prescribed by law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 
, to hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court of Appeal. Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act No. 14 of 1998, sets out stringent criteria for the grant of special leave to appeal in the following manner:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 In relation to a criminal matter, the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 (a) a question of general legal importance is involved;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 (b) a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved; or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 (c) substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 [33] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 The Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7674109\charrsid2126566  has,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387409\charrsid2126566 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387409\charrsid2126566 petition for special leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7674109\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid488699\charrsid2126566 dated 2nd November 2011 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7674109\charrsid2126566 filed in this Court,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7674109\charrsid2126566 set out the following grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 :-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 
\par (i) The trial miscarried since the police and/or the prosecution did not disclose to the defence the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 s medical card kept by Natabua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 rison and details of his medical examination at the Lautoka Hospital on 14th July 2005 despite consenting to the tender of Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 s X-ray report dated 14th July 2005 during trial; 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143890\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 (ii)The learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact when he misdirected himself during the trial within trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16459822\charrsid2126566 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2703583\charrsid2126566 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2703583\charrsid2126566 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725\charrsid2126566 by wrongly assuming that the Petitioner was released by the police in the 
evening of the 28th or the 30th July and yet not complaining to anyone about police impropriety}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765725 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9188573\charrsid2126566 (iii)The learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact when he disregarded the relevance of the Rakiraki Police Station diary exhibit one (1) which contained n
otings crucial to the question of admissibility of the confessions obtained by the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134\charrsid2126566 (iv) The learned Trial Judge erred in law when he did not direct his mind to the fact that the caution interview of the Petitioner exhibit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134\charrsid2126566 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134\charrsid2126566  was oppressive in that the questioning started on 4th July 2005 at 22.13 hours (10.13pm) ending at 02.40 hours (2.40am) the next day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837134 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 (v) The learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact when he convicted the Petitioner in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447623\charrsid2126566 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 absence of any cogent evidence to prove the theory contained in the confession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 (vi) The trial miscarried when PW4 Vijay Kumar Singh gave evidence about matters which were prejudicial to the Petitioner and as such he was denied a fair trial 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387409\charrsid2126566 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 esulting in miscarriage of justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 (vii) The learned Cour
t of Appeal Judge erred in law when they failed to provide a reasoned decision other than stating that the summing up as a whole was fair and balanced which did not disclose any errors of law; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 (vii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 ) The learned Court of Appeal Judges erred in law when t
hey confined and/or limited the role of the learned trial Judge to only putting counsels submissions to the assessors without realizing that it was important for the learned trial Judge to give his version as well;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 (ix) T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 he state failed to discharge the o
nus upon it to prove that the DNA sample obtained from the crime scene and the victims tooth brushes were not contaminated;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 (x)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 
e learned trial Judge failed and /or neglected to fairly put the defence of the Petitioner to the assessors which resulted in substantial miscarriage of justice;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 (xi) T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 
he learned trial Judge erred in law and in fact by failing to assist the assessors from isolating favourable evidence from the least favourable ones, in effect the learned trial Judge repeated the State and Defence case without assisting the assessors;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 (xii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2703583\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 he learned trial Judge and the learned Court of Appeal Judges failed to direct}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 
the assessors or themselves that the onus was on the state to disprove that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 onfession was not obtained as a result of po
lice impropriety on the Petitioner and further the learned trial Judge misled the assessors by implying that there was onus on the Petitioner to complain to the Police;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 (xiii) T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294728\charrsid2126566 
he learned trial Judge failed to direct and remind the assessors that in a case involving circumstantial evidence if there is any doubt or hypothesis consistent with innocence it was their duty to acquit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876\charrsid2126566 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10031876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-284\li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1907095\charrsid2126566 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 
It is necessary to note at the outset that most of these grounds are new grounds of appeal in the sense that except f
or grounds (xii) and (xiii), none of the others were taken up in the Court of Appeal. Grounds (i) to (v) were not even included in the original petition for special leave to appeal filed in this Court by the Petitioner on 25th October 2010, or the amended
 petition filed on his behalf dated 11th September 2011, but grounds (vi) to (xiii) were the same as grounds (b) to (j) in the said petition dated 25th October 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 [34] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 
Given that the criteria set out in Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act No. 14 of 1998 are extremely stringent, and special leave to appeal is not granted as a matter of course, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566 fact that the majority of the grounds relied upon by the Petitioner for special leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 
 have not been raised in the Court of Appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566  makes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 the task of
 the Petitioner of crossing satisfying the threshold requirements for special leave even more difficult.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1907095\charrsid2126566 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 
It is necessary to stress that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 criteria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 a sense curtail }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8421149\charrsid2126566 power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566 of the Supreme Court to grant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 special leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070320\charrsid2126566  to appeal against a final judgment of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997\charrsid2126566 , and as was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 observed by this Court said in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 Aminiasi Katonivualiku v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  (Criminal Appeal No: CAV0001/1999S) at page 3- }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 It is plain from this provision that the Supreme Court is not a Court of Criminal appeal or g
eneral review nor is there an appeal to the Court as a matter of right and ... the Court is necessarily confined within the legal parameters set out above, to an appeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567387\charrsid2126566 The above passage was cited with approval by this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567387\charrsid2126566 Raura v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567387\charrsid2126566  [2006] FJSC 4; CAV0010U.2005S (4th May 2006). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10647579\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 
[36] The Supreme Court has been even more stringent in considering applications for special leave to appeal on the basis of grounds of appeal not taken up or argued in the Court of Appeal. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 Josateki Solinakoroi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  Criminal Appeal No: CAV 0005 of 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  the Supreme Court of Fiji }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 in an exceptional case took into consideration the princ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 
iples developed by Privy Council in similar situations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 , and in particular relied on the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 observation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 Kwaku Mensah v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 the King }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 (1946) AC 83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 Where a substantial and grave injustice might otherwise occur the Privy}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 
Council would allow a new point to be taken which had not been raised below even when it was not raised in the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016\charrsid2126566 s printed case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 [37] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 Mr. Sharma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997\charrsid2126566  in these circumstances }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 submitted that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997\charrsid2126566 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14563977\charrsid2126566 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14563977\charrsid2126566 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 lication for special leave to appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854\charrsid2126566 rare and exceptional one which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391803\charrsid2126566 raises questions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 general legal importance involving substantial questions of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 He in particular emp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 
ised that ground (i) relating to the failure on the part of the prosecution to disclose the medical card maintained at the Natabua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 rison raised important issues pertaining to the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 s duty to disclose material evidence to the defence, and ground (ix) concerned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 
important issues of the integrity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 DNA sample}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 
s in criminal investigation and trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 He has also submitted that the denial of special leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 at least with regard to these two grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 will result in a s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606 ubstantial and grave injustice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 [38] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566 Responding to these submissions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 Ms. Puamau, who appears for the Respondent, has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566  stressed that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654114\charrsid2126566  grounds urged by the learned Counsel for the Pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 titioner are mostly factual, and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 ose factual matters have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566  been dealt with fairly and adequately in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566  Judgment of the learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 Judge after the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566  hearing, the learned High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 
s directions to the assessors, as well in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566  judgment of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 
 Court of Appeal. She also stressed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 
the last two grounds urged by the Petitioner had been taken up by the Petitioner in the Court of Appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 nd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566 that they have been addressed in the judgment of the Court of Appeal, and that no }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 explanation has been offered by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566 the Petitioner for his }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379\charrsid2126566 failure to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4809195\charrsid2126566 
take up the rest of the matters in his appeal to the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560997\charrsid2126566 [39] In the light of these submissions, we consider it sufficient to focus on the two issues which have been stressed by Mr. Sharma.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13464379 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 Duty to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 isclose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566  Material Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8744908\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13597227\charrsid2126566 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14488459\charrsid2126566 
Ground (i) on which the Petitioner seeks special leave to appeal relates to the duty of the prosecution to disclose material evidence to the defence. What is in issue here is whether the omission on the part of the Resp
ondent to disclose to the Petitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10563306\charrsid2126566 the medical card pertaining to the Petitioner maintained at the Natabua prison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14488459\charrsid2126566 , violated this duty of the prosecution resulting in a substantial and grave injustice. 
\par 
\par [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13126661\charrsid2126566  We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14488459\charrsid2126566  have already dealt with the relevant factua
l position when considering the Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14488459\charrsid2126566 s application to adduce fresh evidence.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10563306\charrsid2126566 While it is unnecessary to repeat them here, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700785\charrsid2126566 it may be useful to refer to the submission of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10563306\charrsid2126566 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700785\charrsid2126566 Sharma that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 the failure on the part of the Respondent to disclose the medical
 card in a timely manner, violated Article 29(1) of the Constitution of 1997, which confers on every person charged with an offence the right to a fair trial before a court of law. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2700785\charrsid2126566 contended that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772899\charrsid2126566 the said right to a fair trial envisaged a corresponding 
positive and continuing duty on the part of the prosecutor to disclose during any part of the trial, material that may assist the defence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143948 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143948\charrsid2126566  [41] Under the common law, the duty to disclose encompassed the disclosure of all material matters which affected 
the case relied on by the prosecution, whether they would strengthen or weaken the prosecution case or assist the defence case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 
. Traditionally, the prosecution duty was considered to be restricted to a duty to make available}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801895\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 to the defence, witnesses whom the prosecution did not intend to call, and earlier inconsistent statements of witnesses whom the prosecution were to call: see Archbold, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 Pleading, Evidence and Practice in Criminal Cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 
, 41st ed (1982), paras 4-178-4-179. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 The prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 s duty to disclose, is just one aspect of what is sometimes called the "prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 s obligation to act fairly". The rules of practice, which are calculated to enhance the administration of criminal justice by ensuring that accused persons have a "fair trial", are collected 
in the speech of Lord Devlin in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 Connelly v. Director of Public Prosecutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 [1964] A.C 1254 at 1347.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 
 As his Lordship noted, it is the court itself which carries the responsibility of ensuring that an accused has a "fair trial", and, to that end, will enfor
ce practices such as those which extend to controlling the form of presentment or indictment to prevent abuses of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 s process which involve unfairness to the accused.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801895\charrsid2126566 [42] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 R v Ward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566  [1993] 1 WLR 619, 674 this limited approach to disclosure was held to be inadequate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801895\charrsid2126566 , wherein it was said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801895\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 "An incident of a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 s right to a fair trial is a right to timely disclosure by the prosecution of all material matters which affect the scientific case relied on by the prosecution, that is, wheth
er such matters strengthen or weaken the prosecution case or assist the defence case. This duty exists whether or not a specific request for disclosure of details of scientific evidence is made by the defence. Moreover, this duty is continuous: it applies
 not only in the pre-trial period but also throughout the trial". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 
The rule was stated with reference to scientific evidence, because that is what the case concerned, but the authority was understood to be laying down a general test based on relevance: see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566 R v Keane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962\charrsid2126566  [1994] 1 WLR 746, 752. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10837962 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822532\charrsid2126566 
[43] In England, the common law underwent change by reason of the enactment of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, which gave statutory force to the prosecution duty of disclosure, but changed the test. A
lthough not applicable in Fiji, the provisions of this Act are of some comparative interest. Under Section 3(1)(a) of the Act, primary disclosure must be made of any prosecution material which has not previously been disclosed to the accused and which in 
the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822532\charrsid2126566 
s opinion might undermine the case for the prosecution against the accused. Secondary disclosure under section 7(2)(a) is to be made, following delivery of a defence statement, of previously undisclosed material which might be reasonably expe
cted to assist the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822532\charrsid2126566 
s defence. Section 32 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, has amended Section 3(1)(a) of the 1996 Act so as to require primary disclosure of any previously undisclosed material "which might reasonably be considered capable of under
mining the case for the prosecution against the accused or of assisting the case for the accused".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822532\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566 In Australia, although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566 principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566  of common law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566  are generally applicable, there are differences in the law in the various jurisdictions within the country, as explained in the New South Wales Law Commission Report of 2000.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5913153\charrsid2126566  However, the best statement of the ambit of the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5913153\charrsid2126566 s duty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 in the Australian context }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5913153\charrsid2126566 is to be found in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566  judgement of Chernov, J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566 Cannon & Rochford v Tahche & Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459\charrsid2126566  [2002] VSCA 84 (13 June 2002)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566  at paragraph 57, which is quoted below-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566 The prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566 duty of disclosure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566  has been the subject of much debate in appellate courts over the years. But, as it seems to us, authority suggests that, whatever the nature and extent 
of the "duty", it is a duty owed to the court and not a duty, enforceable at law at the instance of the accused. This, we think, is made apparent when the so-called "duty" is described (correctly in our view) as a discretionary responsibility exercisable 
according to the circumstances as the prosecutor perceives them to be. The responsibility is, thus, dependent for its content upon what the prosecutor perceives, in the light of the facts known to him or her, that fairness in the trial process requires.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13721005\charrsid2126566 [46]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11288533\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 A similar view has been expressed in the leading Canadian case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 R. v Stinchcombe }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 [1991] 3 S.C.R. 326. As Sopinka J observed in the course of his judgment in that case-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8393195 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 ....}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this obligation to disclose is not absolute. It is subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the discretion\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of counsel for the Crown. This discretion extends both to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
withholding of information and to the timing of disclosure. For example, counsel for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Crown has a duty to respect the rules of privilege. In the case of informers, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Crown has a duty to pr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 otect their identity. In some cases, serious prejudice or even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 harm may result to a person who has supplied evidence or information to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 investigation. While it is a harsh reality of justice that ultimately any person with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 relevant evidence must appear t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o testify, the discretion extends to the timing and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 manner of disclosure in such circumstances. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 iscretion must also be exercised with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 respect to the relevance of information. While the Crown must err on the side of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 inclusion, it need not produce what is c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 learly irrelevant\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\dbch\af37\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2126566 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975472\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975472 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8393195\charrsid2126566 [47] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566 
In the light of the above case law, it is impossible to discern in the circumstances of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8337124\charrsid2126566 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566 is case, a violation of the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566 s duty to disclose material evidence. In the first place, there is nothing to suggest that the pr
osecution was aware of the existence of the medical card that the Petitioner alleges should have been disclosed to him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120\charrsid2126566 
Even if the Respondent was possessed a copy of the medical card, or was aware of its existence, in the absence of any request from the P
etitioner for its disclosure or production, the Respondent could not have anticipated that the Petitioner was in need of this document and cannot be blamed entirely for its non non-disclosure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120\charrsid2126566 [48] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566  have set out i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6511789\charrsid2126566 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12911498\charrsid2126566 paragraphs 25 to 29 of this judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566  the facts relevant to the alleged non-disclosure, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566 it becomes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759131\charrsid2126566 obvious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 rom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566 these facts that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12911498\charrsid2126566 it was the Petitioner who was in a better position to know about }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12911498\charrsid2126566 existence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566  of the medical card}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12911498\charrsid2126566 , and who could have with reasonable exertion, obtained a copy 
of it. If the defence was able to lay its hands on a copy of the medical card in July }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566 
2006, it cannot be understood why it could not have obtained it in May 2006 in time for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566 voir dire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid918579\charrsid2126566  and the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120\charrsid2126566 [49] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid399190\charrsid2126566 The Petitioner has not succeeded in persuading }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid399190\charrsid2126566 
 that the non-disclosure of the medial card has prejudiced the defence or resulted in a substantive or grave miscarriage of justice. Hence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid399190\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086623\charrsid2126566 
see no reason to grant special leave to appeal on ground (a) that has been urged by the Petitioner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15477120 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-284\li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160228\charrsid2126566 Integrity of DNA }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5534785\charrsid2126566 Samples}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3674606 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160228\charrsid2126566 
[50] The other matter that was stressed by Mr. Sharma related to ground (ix) on the basis of which special leave to appeal has been sought, namely, that the state failed to discharge the onus upon it to prove that the DNA sample obtained f
rom the crime scene and the victims tooth brushes were not contaminated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13051017\charrsid2126566 [51] It is common ground that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9900730\charrsid2126566 
at the time the Petitioner was found in the boat a drift in the vicinity of Malake Island, there were blood strains in various parts of the boat as wel
l as on the clothing worn by the Petitioner. Samples of these blood strains were uplifted from the boat and the Petitoner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9900730\charrsid2126566 s jeans, and along with toothbrush samples uplifted from the tooth brushes used by the three ladies who were victims of this horrendous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 and senseless crime, they were taken to a highly accredited laboratory in Adelaide, South Australia, for testing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 [52] Mrs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282203\charrsid2126566  Elizabeth Selina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282203\charrsid2126566 Llew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282203\charrsid2126566 llyn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566  a Forensic Expert,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566  testified at the trial and gave an account of how the blood samples were uplifted, preserved and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4527332\charrsid2126566 
how the individual samples were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 taken to the laboratory in Australia. Her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11951568\charrsid2126566 report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 
 was marked in evidence without objection, and her evidence was unchallenged. The prosecution also tendered in evidence the report of the DNA Expert, Mr. Andrew Donnelly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030\charrsid2126566 without any ob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 jection from the defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9926154\charrsid2126566 In essence, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030\charrsid2126566 
evidence showed that the blood strains matched the DNA of two of the three victims. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030\charrsid2126566 [53] Mr. Sharma has submitted that the prosecution had failed to discharge the onus upon it to prove th
at the DNA sample obtained from the crime scene and the victims tooth brushes were not contaminated. He has also submitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4527332\charrsid2126566 
the trial judge ought to have cautioned the assessors against relying on facts which were speculative nature, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5898875\charrsid2126566 or regarding the d
oubt that arises from the fact that the blood strains of one of the victims were not found in the boat at all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 [54] I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 my view, the DNA evidence is unassailable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 given that the testimony of Mrs. Llew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 ellyn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 and the DNA report of Mr. Andrew Donnelly were not challenged at the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 Since the introduction of the DNA fingerprinting technique, the use DNA of evidence has been widely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13574988\charrsid2126566 accepted a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 
cross the world. For decades, the authority for admissibility of scientific evidence was the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 Frye v United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15494284\charrsid2126566  293 F, 1013 (1923)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 in which the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566 observed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 
while Courts will go a long way in admitting expert testimony deduced from a well-recognized scientific principle or discovery, the thing from which the deduction is made must be sufficiently establishe
d to have gained general acceptance in the particular field in which it belongs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 [55] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566 
Although DNA evidence has generally been acted upon in judicial decisions since then, it must be stressed that DNA evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 
would not always be admissible, especially when a party offers expert testimony challenging the reliability of the procedures or the results.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15494284\charrsid2126566 
 On one side of the line are decisions such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15494284\charrsid2126566 Spencer v. Commonwealth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15494284\charrsid2126566 , 384 S.E.2d 775 (Va. 1989) where the Court held that DNA testing is a reliable scientif
ic technique, the laboratories involved had performed the tests properly, and that there was no challenge as to reliability by the defense, the DNA evidence would be admissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566  On the other side of the line are cases such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 State of Minnesota v. Schwartz}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15494284\charrsid2126566  N.W. 2d 422 (Minn. S.C., 1989)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 the Court emphasized that reliability of the results was crucial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 , and ci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 
ting the high error rate of a particular laboratory, the Court asserted that DNA tests were only a reliable as testing procedures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833513\charrsid2126566 used by the laboratory conducting them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 
It is equally important to establish the chain of custody of the blood samples that produced the DNA evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
 509 U.S. 579 (1993), the Court held that the Judge would assume the role of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
gatekeeper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
 and ensure that any scientific evidence that was admitted was not only relevant to the issue at hand but was also reliable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1996045 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 [56] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 In the instant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 we have the unchallenged report of a well know expert of tests done at a very reliable laboratory, and strong evidence of the chain of custody supplied by Mrs. Lle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 ll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566 
yn, and we find that in the absence of even a suggestion in cross-examination of the possibility of contamination, it is too late in the day for the Petitioner to put in issue the DNA matching or its reliance by the trial court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566  In the circumstances, we do not consider that ground (ix) deserves further consideration in this Court, and special leave to appeal on that ground necessarily has to be denied.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14501719 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 The Other Grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044083\charrsid2126566 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 ] I find that the other grounds included in the amended petition for special leave to appeal filed by Petitioner dated 2nd November 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  involve only factual issues which have been considered already by the Court of Appeal, and there is nothing in them to merit the grant of special leave to appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 Conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044083\charrsid2126566 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 Except for the confession of the Petitioner, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 rosecution has relied entirely on circumstantial evidence to prove the guilt of the Petitioner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 The circumstances relied upon were that the three victims were the only pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 rsons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 who took the boat with the Petitioner on the fishing trip and picnic}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 ; that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
the next morning the boat was found adrift with only the Petitioner in it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 xtensive search over a large area of the sea in the vicinity of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 
Malake Island, where the boat was found adrift, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 failed to find the victims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  or their bodies;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5209303\charrsid2126566 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
the bloodstains found in the boat and the jeans of the Petitioner were shown by DNA evidence to match the DNA samples of at least two of the victims.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674606\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044083\charrsid2126566 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 ] We have no doubt that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 
e confession of the Petitioner according to the testimony of more than one independent witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  and the finding of the High Court Judge at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566  voir dire, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103663\charrsid2126566 has been made voluntarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 . The confession, does not stand alone, and has been corroborated by other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14501719 cogent circumstantial evidence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14501719\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044083\charrsid2126566 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14299550\charrsid2126566 ] For these reasons we refuse the application for special leave to appeal and dismiss the said application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2126566  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694143\charrsid2126566 In all the circumstances of this case, we make no order for costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9128385\charrsid2126566  

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1263835\charrsid2126566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \fi-284\li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12482914 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 
The Hon Justice Saleem Marsoof,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6756525\charrsid12482914 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 The Hon Justice Sathyaa Hettige,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12482914 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 Judge of the Supreme Court

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \fi-284\li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid12482914 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6756525\charrsid12482914 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 The Hon Justice Sriskandarajah Sundaram
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid12482914 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15081030\charrsid12482914 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453347\charrsid12482914 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \fi-284\li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid2126566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid2126566 Solicitors
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6756525\charrsid2126566 Mr Sunil Sharma (Legal Aid Commission)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid2126566 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6756525\charrsid2126566 Mr Anil J Singh (Anil J. Singh Lawyers) \endash  Counsels for the Petitioner
\par The Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11349554\charrsid2126566 
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